429 lines
47 KiB
XML
429 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="A927F267637EE9EEA18F822F9C2F8CE2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214798" ID-GBIF-Dataset="69be8c57-bf99-4fd8-b2c6-40715a5211e8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214798" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460473941811" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ho, Jen-Zon, Chen, Young-Fa, Cheng, Su-Han, Tsai, Xi-Lian & Yang, Ping-Shin" docDate="2012" docId="03A187FD2F6DFFA5FF68FAFC940B161E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03274p013.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3274" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Rhagophthalmus giallolateralus Ho, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FF98FF852F65FFA9FFFFFF9E95251421" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Rhagophthalmus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae) from Matzu Archipelago, Taiwan with biological commentary" masterLastPageNumber="13" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698306353463" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="72E3FF53FB8DE68D3DD5E76AE14CD250" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CD15B2EC9012122D1C6B529710ED5E53">
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<mods:title id="21CE88135BE22BB591A0AEF9EB25EFB5">Two new species of Rhagophthalmus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae) from Matzu Archipelago, Taiwan with biological commentary</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="DEE08DAAE85AEC1C34C0E58DA97B0A35" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2BC0A7A6C4A96C5037BEFF63A4C604A5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="41A0251E1E0CCED34053387526D79914">Ho, Jen-Zon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="C441BCFD9946733ABEDE65F863F340CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E73414E4FE250D3F42B241C8CDD5E34B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="9FCC31CB27F919F152CB0D448E386A3B">Chen, Young-Fa</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6DCCF9AC3BB79BC078214D45E29918B9" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="DDA21A79AD138D8BA6EC4B756494B5AC">
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<mods:roleTerm id="BD166D7FCF179289B43DC931CA1EE2DB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="79BBA18B0EB1CA8FC22EDBB871AB1CB1">Cheng, Su-Han</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="39B9D4EAAABBAA9F239D7EFF7209CD72" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A570FF54692E56AC599F513EA28FBC15">Tsai, Xi-Lian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="BAB2BC2562942B9141A761D320C43F5E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3D01946B26D0E970C7D11AC3AE1E2A7F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B8E00AED7849A762B937FAD46FC828D5">Yang, Ping-Shin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B0742E9E7BE49E00B8149C4302FC4CCE">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E64A67460BA4CC8D5E00467DAF4923F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="556723F883D93AE61F6F125A2358D401">
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<mods:date id="D14CC88D6C7D484BE13B12DB71C6E645">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="4A33A223916AD5F7C0CAF941BCA86C21" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0D93D9C5238F29672EEF25AB549E63DA">3274</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C3E8E2CA9B31951E9799AE586BD56D59">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A8B45AE8761043567B1705A274286457">13</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="82A09A9ACFFA9A320EDDD0BC147431F3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20668E33F713CA1BF30F2E6B79477362" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.214798</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C0CF0517746A632508BC3DD245860546" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08AF3612CC5712D3F3852B6395281198" type="Zenodo-Dep">214798</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A187FD2F6DFFA5FF68FAFC940B161E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6169446" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119515756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6169446" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A187FD2F6DFFA5FF68FAFC940B161E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A187FD2F6DFFA5FF68FAFC940B161E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="C31265602F6DFFA1FF68FAFC965311BC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF68FAFC978B115A" blockId="8.[151,886,1377,1437]" box="[151,686,1377,1404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="D0FF81872F6DFFA1FF68FAFC978B115A" bold="true" box="[151,686,1377,1404]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FF68FAFC978B115A" bold="true" box="[151,686,1377,1404]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FF68FAFC976C115A" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[151,585,1377,1404]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FF68FAFC9738115D" bold="true" box="[151,541,1378,1404]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Rhagophthalmus giallolateralus</emphasis>
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Ho
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6DFFA1FDAEFAFF978B115A" box="[593,686,1377,1403]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF68FA1B965311BC" blockId="8.[151,886,1377,1437]" box="[151,886,1413,1437]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="13332A6E2F6DFFA1FF60FA1B95C111BC" box="[159,228,1413,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1796,1819]" captionTargetBox="[157,1405,1135,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1126,1772]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male antennae of Rhagophthalmus spp. A. R. beigansis Ho sp. nov.; B. R. giallolateralus Ho sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214801/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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B, 5D, 5E, 5F, 6C, 6D, 7C, 7D, 8C, 8D, 9A, 10C, 10D, 13)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31265602F6DFFA1FF68FA5391521270" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF68FA53941E1228" blockId="8.[151,1437,1485,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<bibRef id="52A8A21D2F6DFFA1FF68FA53941E1228" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="book chapter">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FF68FA5395F311C4" bold="true" box="[151,214,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="54B388492F6DFFA1FF68FA5395F511C4" box="[151,208,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<author id="53B5DE0E2F6DFFA1FF1FFA5394E211C4" box="[224,455,1485,1509]" fns="I" npo="LF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="54B388492F6DFFA1FF1FFA53946E11C4" box="[224,331,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FEA9FA5394E211C4" box="[342,455,1485,1509]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
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</author>
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: Dongjyu, Lienchiang County,
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FCD9FA53965E11C4" box="[806,891,1485,1509]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D0EFD622F6DFFA1FC79FA5396F711C4" box="[902,978,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">
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<pagination id="B2C1C81F2F6DFFA1FC79FA5396B111C4" box="[902,916,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="pagination">1</pagination>
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<title id="F90CDDDD2F6DFFA1FC63FA5396F711C4" box="[924,978,1485,1509]" jopScore="0.7476608" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="_" typeScore="1">male</title>
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</specimenCount>
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(bathed samples), 26-IV-2010,
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<journalOrPublisher id="51C93C272F6DFFA1FAC8FA5394161228" jopScore="0.8126748" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Jian-Hua Wang. (
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<collectionCode id="ED19AE2E2F6DFFA1FF10FA6F940F1228" box="[239,298,1521,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ESRI</collectionCode>
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)
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</journalOrPublisher>
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;
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</bibRef>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF36F98891521270" blockId="8.[151,1437,1485,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<typeStatus id="54B388492F6DFFA1FF36F9889415120F" box="[201,304,1558,1582]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FEC0F98B9495120C" box="[319,432,1557,1581]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
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: Dongjyu, Lienchiang County,
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FCDBF98B965C120C" box="[804,889,1557,1581]" name="Taiwan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D0EFD622F6DFFA1FC76F98B96F9120C" box="[905,988,1557,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="male">2males</specimenCount>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D0EFD622F6DFFA1FC12F98B9144120C" box="[1005,1121,1557,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
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,
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<date id="FFB6102B2F6DFFA1FB8DF98B91C9120C" box="[1138,1260,1557,1581]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2011-05-23">23-V-2011</date>
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, Hua-Te Fang. (
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<collectionCode id="ED19AE2E2F6DFFA1FF60F9A795C71270" box="[159,226,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ESRI</collectionCode>
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).
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<typeStatus id="54B388492F6DFFA1FF0BF9A794791270" box="[244,348,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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is deposited in ARI; four
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<typeStatus id="54B388492F6DFFA1FD7EF9A497C91273" box="[641,748,1594,1618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are deposited in
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<collectionCode id="ED19AE2E2F6DFFA1FC54F9A796D91270" box="[939,1020,1593,1617]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2nry-s1yg" name="National Museum of Natural Science" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NMNS</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="ED19AE2E2F6DFFA1FBCDF9A791571270" box="[1074,1138,1593,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ESRI</collectionCode>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31265602F6DFFA1FF36F9C3973D12B8" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF36F9C3973D12B8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1485,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FF36F9C3946A1254" bold="true" box="[201,335,1629,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</emphasis>
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This species is named for its yellowish margin on the elytra. Giallo- means the color yellow and - lateralus means the lateral margin.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31265602F6DFFA1FF36F93A963B13FC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6DFFA1FF36F93A963B13FC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1485,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FF36F93A9466129C" bold="true" box="[201,323,1700,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The enlarged flagellar segments 4–9 are similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FC6BF93896D2129C" box="[916,1015,1701,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FC6BF93896D2129C" box="[916,1015,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which occurs in
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FB41F93B9000129C" box="[1214,1317,1701,1725]" name="Malaysia" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6DFFA1FAA0F93B95EF12C0" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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, but in
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FED7F95494A812C0" box="[296,397,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FED7F95494A812C0" box="[296,397,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. flavus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a lens-like sensillum adheres to each enlarged segment (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F6DFFA1FBD6F957904812C0" author="Kawashima" box="[1065,1389,1737,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Kawashima, I. & Sato, M. (2001) Three new species of the genus Rhagophthalmus (Coleoptera, Rhagophthalmidae) from southeast Asia. Elytra, 29 (2), 423 - 434." type="journal article" year="2001">Kawashima and Satô, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). In Matzu Archipelago,
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FE7FF970972F1324" box="[384,522,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FE7FF97094B41324" box="[384,401,1774,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FE5FF973972F1324" box="[416,522,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">beigansis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FDBCF970962D1324" box="[579,776,1773,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FDBCF970962D1324" box="[579,776,1773,1797]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be simply distinguished from males in the elytra, and the genitalia. The elytra of
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FE3AF88C97AC1308" box="[453,649,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FE3AF88C97AC1308" box="[453,649,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a yellow margin which is lacking in
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FB9DF88C91CE1308" box="[1122,1259,1809,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FB9DF88C91561308" box="[1122,1139,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FB7EF88F91CE1308" box="[1153,1259,1809,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">beigansis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Also, there are clear differences in the number of segments of the antennae and maxillary palps, and in the relative position and shape of the female labial palps. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FDC0F8C497E91350" box="[575,716,1881,1905]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis">
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FDC0F8C497751350" box="[575,592,1882,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FD9DF8C797E91350" box="[610,716,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">beigansis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the antennae are 5-segmented, the maxillary palps are 4 segmented, and the labial palps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13332A6E2F6DFFA1FE19F8E3970C13B4" box="[486,553,1917,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1028,1051]" captionTargetBox="[170,1408,187,976]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,167,1007]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 9. Female of Rhagophthalmus spp. A. R. giallolateralus Ho sp. nov.; B. R. beigansis Ho sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214805/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 9B) are slender and protrude beyond the anterior margin of the head. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6DFFA1FA7BF8E094191398" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6DFFA1FA7BF8E094191398" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the antennae are 8-segmented, the maxillary palps are 5 segmented, and the labial palps are wider and shorter, almost not reaching the anterior head margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF7766632F6CFFA0FF68FB3391A810C3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214806/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[190,1417,187,1152]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF68FB3391A810C3" blockId="9.[151,1435,1197,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FF68FB33943A10E2" bold="true" box="[151,287,1197,1220]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of head of female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6CFFA0FD9EFB30962810E5" box="[609,781,1198,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FD9EFB30962810E5" box="[609,781,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6CFFA0FC9EFB31912410E2" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[865,1025,1198,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FC9EFB3196F910E5" box="[865,988,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6CFFA0FBF8FB30917210E2" box="[1031,1111,1198,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FBF8FB30917210E2" bold="true" box="[1031,1111,1198,1219]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(dorsal); B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6CFFA0FB28FB31905D10E2" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[1239,1400,1198,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FB28FB31907610E5" box="[1239,1363,1198,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6CFFA0FA82FB3095E610C3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FA82FB3095E610C3" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ventral); C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6CFFA0FEB3FB53970710C3" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[332,546,1228,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FEB3FB5394D810C3" box="[332,509,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6CFFA0FDD7FB53975C10C3" box="[552,633,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FDD7FB53975C10C3" bold="true" box="[552,633,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(dorsal); D.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6CFFA0FD04FB5396F410C3" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[763,977,1228,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FD04FB53968910C3" box="[763,940,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6CFFA0FC28FB53910D10C3" box="[983,1064,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FC28FB53910D10C3" bold="true" box="[983,1064,1229,1250]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(ventral).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31265602F6CFFA2FF36FAB794CE11F7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF36FAB7949B1238" blockId="9.[151,1437,1320,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6CFFA0FF36FAB794281160" bold="true" box="[201,269,1321,1345]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male.</emphasis>
|
||
Body mostly dark brown, dorsal surface covered with light yellow pubescence. Head and pronotum shiny. Head capsule black; compound eyes blackish, extending to upper and lower area, concave dorsally; antennae brown; mandibles dark brown; maxillae dark brown; labium dark brown to brownish; pronotum dark brown; elytra dark brown, with obvious orange-yellowish or yellowish brown on each margin; ventral surface of thorax orangeyellowish; coxae and trochanters orange-yellow, femora mainly brown to dark brown, orange-yellow at base and apex, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; abdomen dark brown to blackish, with light yellow or white markings along posterior margin of segments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF36F9BA9021121D" blockId="9.[151,1437,1320,2028]" box="[201,1284,1572,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Body ovoid from above, blunt at front and thinnest behind, punctuation separated in dorsal view.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF36F9D694FB1289" blockId="9.[151,1437,1320,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Head wider than long, semi-circular, widest at basal margin, but narrower than the apical and basal width of pronotum, punctures separated and surrounding antenna and mouthparts; compound eyes meniscus-like in dorsallateral view, concave basally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF36F92B90061319" blockId="9.[151,1437,1320,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Antennae 12-segmented,
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F6CFFA0FE1AF92A976D12ED" box="[485,584,1716,1740]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.77">1.77 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length; scape short and thick; pedicel, similar to scape in shape; 1st to 3rd flagellar segments filiform, weakly broad posteriorly with length longer than scape and pedicel; 4th to 9th flagellar segments slightly serrate, length and shape are almost the same, lens-like sensillum located at antero-ventral side of 9th flagellomere; 10th flagellomere (terminal segment) spindle shaped, slender, and tapering at its apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6CFFA0FF36F8DB94CE13CD" blockId="9.[151,1437,1320,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pronotum transverse, semi-circular in dorsal view, anterior margin very broadly rounded with no distinct anterolateral corners and merging into the divergent lateral margins; right angles formed at the junction of lateral and basal margin, basal margin straight or weakly wavy, the widest part of pronotum, but a little narrower than humeral width of elytra; punctation separated, spread uniformly over surface; PW/HW 1.14, PW/PL 1.51, PW/PA 1.17, PW/EW 0.68, PW/EHW 0.83.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF7766632F6FFFA3FF68FB869694106C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214807/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1435,179,1023]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6FFFA3FF68FB869694106C" blockId="10.[151,1436,1048,1101]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FF68FB86943A100C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1048,1071]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Courtship behavior of female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6FFFA3FD88FB87963E100F" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[631,795,1048,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FD88FB8797D0100F" box="[631,757,1048,1070]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6FFFA3FCDCFB879651100F" box="[803,884,1049,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FCDCFB879651100F" bold="true" box="[803,884,1049,1070]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Female extends her abdomen and emits a continuous light from the apex of the abdomen. Red arrow represents the luminous organ.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7766632F6FFFA3FF68F828902813CA" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214808/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1434,1134,1969]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6FFFA3FF68F828902813CA" blockId="10.[151,1436,1974,2027]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FF68F828940413ED" bold="true" box="[151,289,1974,1997]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6FFFA3FE66F826971813EC" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[409,573,1975,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FE66F826973313EC" box="[409,534,1975,1997]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">R. beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6FFFA3FDBAF82997B213ED" box="[581,663,1975,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6FFFA3FDBAF82997B213ED" bold="true" box="[581,663,1975,1996]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
lays egg mass and with the parental behavior. The luminescent organs are present as pairs on the sides of the mesothorax, metathorax, and the first nine abdominal segments of the female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF7766632F6EFFA2FF68FE60967D1612" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214809/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[167,1413,218,470]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF68FE60967D1612" blockId="11.[151,1436,510,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF68FE60943A1635" bold="true" box="[151,287,510,533]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Model of female luminous organ for egg attendance in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FCAFFE6191A31634" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" box="[848,1158,511,533]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FCAFFE6191471634" box="[848,1122,511,533]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhagophthalmus beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FB73FE6191F91635" bold="true" box="[1164,1244,511,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6EFFA2FB73FE6191F91635" box="[1164,1244,511,532]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FAF2FD9E95C31612" authority="Ho" authorityName="Ho" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FAF2FD9E95E41612" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
|
||
Ho
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF13FD8094181612" bold="true" box="[236,317,542,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24F57822F6EFFA2FF13FD8094181612" box="[236,317,542,563]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Circles present the small spot-like luminous organs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FDC59184169A" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Elytra elongate, contiguous along inner margin, outer margins slightly expanded; extending to, or slightly before abdominal apex; lateral margin straight and nearly parallel-sided, width contracting over apical 1/7; punctation separated, pubescence uniform over surface; EL/PL 5.37, EL/EW 2.40, EW/EHW 1.24.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FD56946F1706" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Legs slender; femur with lateral margin straight and parallel-sided; tibia slightly conical, thicker at apex than base; tarsi 5-segmented, each segment clavate, with 2 claws apically, empodium or arolium not distinguished; HFL/HTL 0.96.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FCAD91611066" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Male genitalia
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F6EFFA2FE8BFCAD94E9176A" box="[372,460,819,843]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, trilobed without punctation and pubescence, basal plate large, covering the basal part of aedeagus and parameres in ventral view, basal margin arcuate and protruded towards base without angle, basal 1/2 of lateral margins dispersed, gradually separated towards apex, then subparalleled on apical 1/2; aedeagus shorter than parameres, bluntly cone-like, lateral margin arcuate, gradually converging towards bluntly rounded apex, grooves not apparent over surface; parameres dipper-like, apical parts protruding towards apex ventrally and surrounding the outer side of the aedeagus; basal margin narrow, forming an incisive arcuate-shape at the basal end, the outer lateral margin straight, converging rapidly towards inner side near apex, forming right angles at marginal junction, inner side straight in dorsal view, dark bands located at basal 1/2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FBCD945C1167" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF36FBCD9402104A" bold="true" box="[201,295,1107,1131]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Larviform, 18.52±
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F6EFFA2FDFCFBCD974C104A" box="[515,617,1107,1131]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.64">1.64 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 16.32–20.44, n=9) in length, 2.35±
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F6EFFA2FBA3FBCD91E6104A" box="[1116,1219,1107,1131]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.17">0.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
(range: 2.18–2.72, n=9) wide at basal margin of pronotum. Body yellowish or brownish. Head small, with small compound eyes. Antennae 8-segmented, maxillary palp 5-segmented, labial palp 3-segmented. Labial palps are tightly shrunk. There are two sets of luminous organs. The first set is a large luminous organ on 7th ventral abdominal segment and the second consists of three spot-like luminous organs on most segments. Two on both body sides extending from the mesothorax to the 9th abdominal segment, and one dorsally from the middle of the mesothorax to the 8th abdominal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FACC94CE11F7" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF36FACC94EA114B" bold="true" box="[201,463,1361,1386]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Measurement in mm.</emphasis>
|
||
BL: 10.99 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B388492F6EFFA2FD9FFACF97E01148" box="[608,709,1361,1385]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) (range: 10.84–11.02); HW: 2.35 (range: 2.33–2.38); PL: 1.77 (range: 1.77–1.82); PA: 2.29 (range: 2.29–2.31); PB: 2.68 (2.68–2.99); PW: 2.68 (range: 2.68–2.74); EL: 9.51 (range: 9.51–10.17); EW: 3.97 (range: 3.91–3.97); EHW: 3.21 (range: 3.21–3.30); HFL: 2.12 (range: 2.11–2.15); HTL: 2.20 (range: 2.12–2.20).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31265602F6EFFA2FF36FA7F913D11D8" box="[201,1048,1505,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36FA7F913D11D8" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" box="[201,1048,1505,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF36FA7F944711DB" bold="true" box="[201,354,1505,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F6EFFA2FE96FA7C94FF11DB" box="[361,474,1506,1530]" name="Taiwan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TAIWAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Dongjyu, Matzu Archipelago, Lienchiang County.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31265602F6EFFA2FF36F9989461128F" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36F998942D12A8" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF36F9989417123F" bold="true" box="[201,306,1542,1566]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Remark.</emphasis>
|
||
The vegetation in habitats of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FD77F999966B123F" box="[648,846,1542,1566]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giallolateralus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FD77F999966B123F" box="[648,846,1542,1566]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">R. giallolateralus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consists of thick grass mainly, or of forests or lofty herbs, e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FEEDF9B4974A1260" authority="Labill." authorityName="Labill." box="[274,623,1577,1602]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Miscanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floridulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FEEDF9B4972D1263" box="[274,520,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Miscanthus floridulus</emphasis>
|
||
(Labill.)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults occur in February to April, females are active between 6:30 and 8:00 at night. The behavioral display, fecundity and characteristics of the eggs are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FB21F9D0942412AB" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beigansis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FB21F9D0942412AB" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhagophthalmus beigansis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF36F9089461128F" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" box="[201,324,1686,1710]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Discussion</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C31265602F6EFFA5FF1DF927940B161E" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F6EFFA2FF1DF927973913D0" blockId="11.[151,1437,603,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FF1DF927949012F0" ID-CoL="FN5" box="[226,437,1721,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhagophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have little capacity to migrate due to the wingless form of adult females, and it would be expected that isolated populations like the two described here would diverge significantly. Two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FAB6F9409429133B" ID-CoL="78BL" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FAB6F9409429133B" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species addressed here were found in Beigan islet and Dongjyu islet separately. These islets are less than
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F6EFFA2FF68F8B895FB131F" box="[151,222,1830,1854]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="km" value="40.0">40 km</quantity>
|
||
apart, but no population of these species was found in other neighboring islands. With virtually no capacity to migrate the species are totally dependent on the existing habitat of these islets and conservation of these fragile environments is thus very important. Habitat fragmentation and human activities have already been identified as the major stress to such island populations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F6EFFA2FD5FF80F96731388" author="Atkinson" box="[672,854,1937,1961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Atkinson, A. (1989) Introduced animals and extinction. In: Western, D. & Pearl, M. (Eds.), Conservation for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 54 - 69." type="book chapter" year="1989">Atkinson, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F6EFFA2FC98F80C96C91388" author="Hess" box="[871,1004,1937,1961]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Hess, A. L. (1990) Overview: Sustainable Development and Environmental Management of Small Islands. In: Beller, W., D'Ayala, P. & Hein, P. (Eds.), Sustainable Development and Environmental Management of Small Islands. Paris, France, pp. 3 - 14." type="book chapter" year="1990">Hess, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Since the populations of these two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F6EFFA2FF68F828947013EF" ID-CoL="78BL" box="[151,341,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F6EFFA2FF68F828947013EF" box="[151,341,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species were distributed in a somewhat fragmentary nature across the islands, further study could evaluate the habitat fragmentation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F69FFA5FF36FF0990711546" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FF36FF0994C8148E" author="Wittmer" box="[201,493,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Wittmer, W. & Ohba, N. (1994) Neue Rhagophthalmidae (Coleoptera) aus China und Benachbarten Landern. Japanese journal of entomology, 62, 341 - 350. (in Germany)" type="journal article" year="1994">Wittmer and Ohba (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FD89FF0797F31491" box="[630,726,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohbai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FD89FF0797F31491" box="[630,726,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. ohbai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Iriomote island. Because of its distinctive distribution, ecological habitat, and biological features, the Ministry of the Environment,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F31F767B2F69FFA5FC1EFF23910414F5" box="[993,1057,189,212]" name="Japan" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
designated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FB53FF23902814F5" box="[1196,1293,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ohbai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FB53FF23919814F5" box="[1196,1213,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FB32FF22902814F5" box="[1229,1293,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ohbai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as an emergency conservative species. The species was then investigated in a series of related studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FB69FF41903814D6" author="Ohba" box="[1174,1309,223,247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ohba, N. (1997) Breeding of the firefly, Rhagophthalmus ohbai (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 45, 51 - 55." type="journal article" year="1997">Ohba, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The islets of Beijan and Dongjyu, are only 6.44 and
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F69FFA5FD82FE9997FF153E" box="[637,730,263,287]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.64" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="km" value="2.64">2.64 km</quantity>
|
||
<quantity id="4CF09B0E2F69FFA5FD25FE9A9625153E" box="[730,768,260,287]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
area. Because of the instability and vulnerability in island ecology, and the dependence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FDF8FEB597E01562" ID-CoL="78BL" box="[519,709,299,323]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FDF8FEB597E01562" box="[519,709,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the existing habitat, further investigation of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FAB6FEB594291546" ID-CoL="78BL" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FAB6FEB594291546" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in Matzu Archipelago is necessary with the aim of protecting the fragile environment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB736EB2F69FFA5FF36FEED940B161E" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Few investigations thus far have focused on the behavior, habitat and breeding methods of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FB36FEEC90B815AB" ID-CoL="FN5" box="[1225,1437,370,394]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Rhagophthalmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FF61FE099449158E" author="Ohba" box="[158,364,407,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ohba, N., Goto, Y. & Kawashima, I. (1996) External morphology and behavior of Rhagophthalmus ohbai WITTMER, 1994 (Coleoptera; Rhagophthalmidae) and its habitat. Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 44, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
Ohba
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FF19FE069404158E" box="[230,289,407,431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FE85FE099724158E" author="Ohba" box="[378,513,407,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ohba, N. (1997) Breeding of the firefly, Rhagophthalmus ohbai (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae). Science Report of the Yokosuka City Museum, 45, 51 - 55." type="journal article" year="1997">Ohba, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FDEFFE099768158E" author="Ohba" box="[528,589,407,431]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Ohba, N. (2004) Flash communication systems of Japanese fireflies. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 44 (3), 225 - 233." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Male genitalia have to date presented the most useful characteristics for identification of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C084D682F69FFA5FEACFE25973415F2" ID-CoL="78BL" box="[339,529,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Rhagophthalmidae" genus="Rhagophthalmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FEACFE25973415F2" box="[339,529,443,467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Rhagophthalmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FD87FE2496A415F3" author="Wittmer" box="[632,897,442,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Wittmer, W. & Ohba, N. (1994) Neue Rhagophthalmidae (Coleoptera) aus China und Benachbarten Landern. Japanese journal of entomology, 62, 341 - 350. (in Germany)" type="journal article" year="1994">Wittmer & Ohba, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FC72FE24919715F3" author="Kawashima" box="[909,1202,442,466]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Kawashima, I. & Sato, M. (2001) Three new species of the genus Rhagophthalmus (Coleoptera, Rhagophthalmidae) from southeast Asia. Elytra, 29 (2), 423 - 434." type="journal article" year="2001">Kawashima & Satô, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FB41FE24942915D6" author="Kawashima" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Kawashima, I. & Sugaya, H. (2003) An additional new species of the genus Rhagophthalmus (Coleoptera, Rhagophthalmidae) from Taiwan, with a key to males of the Taiwanese and Japanese species. Elytra, 31 (2), 353 - 359." type="journal article" year="2003">Kawashima & Sugaya, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FEE4FE4194EF15D6" author="Li" box="[283,458,479,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Li, X. Y., Ohba, N. & Liang, X. C. (2008) Two new species of Rhagophthalmus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae) from Yunnan, south-western China, with notes on known species. Entomological Science, 11, 259 - 267." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FEC0FE7E945E15D6" box="[319,379,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Males, being nocturnal and non-luminous are difficult to collect (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF994B1A2F69FFA5FB1FFE4190AA15D6" author="Li" box="[1248,1423,479,503]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Li, X. Y., Ohba, N. & Liang, X. C. (2008) Two new species of Rhagophthalmus Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Rhagophthalmidae) from Yunnan, south-western China, with notes on known species. Entomological Science, 11, 259 - 267." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis id="B97CEAF92F69FFA5FAFAFE7E906715D6" box="[1285,1346,479,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Increased awareness of the genus and its distribution and improved collection methods should hopefully address this situation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |