214 lines
15 KiB
XML
214 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="829a8145-1a92-4eab-aeab-395483c830f8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240106" ID-ZooBank="F7CAD672-4865-411B-A5C7-D46AB3A2299D" checkinTime="1461022201655" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Santos, Cláudia Portes & Gibson, David I." docDate="2015" docId="03A1878453226258FF6BFAD5FA0EFDB6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03937p499.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3937 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:311C1680257A75BEA7487D92D69FD070:zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docStyleId="311C1680257A75BEA7487D92D69FD070" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.journal_article" docTitle="Trematoda Rudolphi" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="478" masterDocId="FF98FFFC5324625FFFFCFFD4FF95FFBA" masterDocTitle="Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats" masterLastPageNumber="499" masterPageNumber="471" pageNumber="477" updateTime="1661908382667" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Checklist of the Helminth Parasites of South American Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Santos, Cláudia Portes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gibson, David I.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>3937</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>471</mods:start>
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<mods:end>499</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.3.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">829a8145-1a92-4eab-aeab-395483c830f8</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">240106</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F7CAD672-4865-411B-A5C7-D46AB3A2299D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A1878453226258FF6BFAD5FA0EFDB6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A1878453226258FF6BFAD5FA0EFDB6" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="multiple">
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<subSubSection box="[151,486,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,486,1281,1307]" box="[151,486,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,486,1281,1307]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,486,1281,1307]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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Class
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<taxonomicName authority="Rudolphi" authorityName="Rudolphi" box="[225,486,1281,1307]" class="Trematoda" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="class">Trematoda Rudolphi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1351,1664]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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The Trematoda is a large class of
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<number box="[535,703,1351,1376]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15,000–20,000</number>
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parasitic species which utilize all of the
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<taxonomicName box="[1167,1232,1351,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Molossidae" genus="Molossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="Major">major</taxonomicName>
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vertebrate groups as hosts. The vast majority belong to the subclass Digenea, the members of which are characterised by having multiple generations (usually three) within their life-cycle, i.e. two asexual generations which mature in a molluscan host and one sexual generation which occurs within a vertebrate host. In terms of morphology, life-cycle and site, the group is very plastic, although this is not the case for individual lower taxa. Digeneans are usually parasites of the alimentary canal of their host, usually have a blind intestine and usually attach to the host using two (sometimes one) suckers. Transmission to the vertebrate host is usually by the direct penetration of a larval stage (the cercariae) or, more often, by the ingestion of an encysted larval stage (the metacercaria) with the host’s food, e.g. within an intermediate host.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,346,1748,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,346,1748,1774]" box="[151,346,1748,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,346,1748,1774]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,346,1748,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">Key to Families</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" type="key">
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<key lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyStep pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[151,1435,1818,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,1818,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<number box="[151,164,1818,1839]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="1.0">1</number>
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. Alimentary canal absent.................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1245,1435,1818,1839]" class="Trematoda" family="Anenterotrematidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Anenterotrematidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[157,1436,1847,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[157,1436,1847,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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- Alimentary canal present................................................................................
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<number box="[1421,1436,1847,1868]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="2.0">2</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[151,1435,1877,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,1877,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<number box="[151,166,1877,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="2.0">2</number>
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. Body bipartite, with spatulate anterior and oval posterior regions.....................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1294,1435,1877,1898]" class="Trematoda" family="Diplostomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Diplostomidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[151,1435,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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- Body not bipartite.....................................................................................
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<number box="[1423,1435,1906,1927]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="3.0">3</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[151,1435,1935,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,1935,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<number box="[151,165,1935,1956]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="3.0">3</number>
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. Anterior body bears proboscis with hooks.........................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1319,1435,1935,1956]" class="Trematoda" family="Rhopaliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Rhopaliidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" box="[151,1436,1965,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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- Anterior region of body without proboscis..................................................................
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<number box="[1421,1436,1965,1986]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="4.0">4</number>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1436,1818,2015]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="478" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyLead box="[151,1436,1994,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<keyStep box="[151,1436,1994,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477">
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<number box="[151,166,1994,2015]" pageId="6" pageNumber="477" value="4.0">4</number>
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. Intestinal caeca short to medium, may be restricted to anterior region of body; vitelline fields limited in distribution, often with
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</keyStep>
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</keyLead>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[225,1435,151,172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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limited number of follicles, often restricted to forebody.......................................................
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<number box="[1423,1435,151,172]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="5.0">5</number>
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</keyLead>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1436,181,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1436,181,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- Intestinal caeca medium to long; vitelline fields usually extensive, with many follicles, entirely or mainly in hindbody.....
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<number box="[1424,1436,181,202]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="6.0">6</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<number box="[151,165,210,231]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="5.0">5</number>
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. True cirrus-sac absent; pseudocirrus-sac usually present; genital pore usually median or submedian in forebody..................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1261,1435,239,260]" class="Trematoda" family="Lecithodendriidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Lecithodendriidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,269,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,269,290]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- True cirrus-sac present; genital pore usually sublateral to lateral at level of ventral sucker................
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<taxonomicName box="[1277,1435,269,290]" class="Trematoda" family="Phaneropsolidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Phaneropsolidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,298,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,298,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<number box="[151,165,298,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="6.0">6</number>
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. Genital pore in posterior region of body....................................................................
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<number box="[1423,1435,298,319]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="7.0">7</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,327,348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- Genital pore in anterior region of body.....................................................................
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<number box="[1423,1435,327,348]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="8.0">8</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1434,357,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1434,357,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<number box="[151,165,357,378]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="7.0">7</number>
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. Ventral sucker absent........................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1295,1434,357,378]" class="Trematoda" family="Nudacotylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Nudacotylidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,386,407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,386,407]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- Ventral sucker present.......................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1297,1435,386,407]" class="Trematoda" family="Urotrematidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Urotrematidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,415,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,415,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<number box="[151,165,415,436]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="8.0">8</number>
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. Ovary between testes (in forms from the Americas).................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1302,1435,415,436]" class="Trematoda" family="Hasstilesiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplostomida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Hasstilesiidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,445,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,445,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- Ovary anterior or posterior to testes......................................................................
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<number box="[1423,1435,445,466]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="9.0">9</number>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,474,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,474,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<number box="[151,165,474,495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" value="9.0">9</number>
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. Ovary post-testicular........................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1294,1435,474,495]" class="Trematoda" family="Dicrocoeliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Dicrocoeliidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1436,151,524]" box="[151,1435,503,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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<keyLead box="[151,1435,503,524]" pageId="7" pageNumber="478">
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- Ovary pre-testicular.........................................................................
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<taxonomicName box="[1297,1435,503,524]" class="Trematoda" family="Plagiorchiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="7" pageNumber="478" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Plagiorchiidae</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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</key>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |