230 lines
26 KiB
XML
230 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="A8003142B1448E62DEF9AE4321B7FDAE" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFF6FF96EF964291F671FB9A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Arctogalidia trivirgata" docType="treatment" docVersion="15" lastPageNumber="194" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="29A5B088CEC902CF052B75214F7EA417" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C17284EEB3579718D19EE0A3D7E1C6D3">
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<mods:title id="F4EA709F8165A5CAD80A6A2212A597B3">Viverridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="D4C65303420CEF6AA52D8E0D5E328A27" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="384E8E53164A379F338790A2023D5595">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DFCFC45BB5A78C6EE1CD7A8B51D69A41">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="C08E4734F577B99E6667CB51DDD0D90B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="254EE1B6C5A9C98BA360DAA82E093376">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="34ECD629F76D0463DCFED7CBF194FA9E">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0AC8872A5CA4C3D27A46E243CD66407C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="5C5B91AEF3C87B8B0BBC2E1769BF481D">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="0361E316E1A9BD1D37734C58CFF1CFA7" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="D7A3E950559F174FE29CAEE61EAD4816">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="5E138700DB244D52279D25F5A3E4E1D5">
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<mods:placeTerm id="7ECFFD43CA30201537609CF273AFFC19">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E80AE3237B9E048A830198F7A1C8B707">
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<mods:title id="0D7DCDCC60A6696CC6F57BF162397D70">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="04C8ECC486B9B06A7E416B7B9DAEBE9D">
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<mods:extent id="4D942EDB2959D1EAB6A1DFA9E221D7FB" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="EA73BD90D3B69DBFB8D16B3A3CD09DAF">174</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="0DC0BE1C3C26AE8D7A4A43F076AE085C">232</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0402507473CD70BA58186EFD60C24DA8">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7F9461C75B4AC2A56CF4DCA4FDA8639B" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5714564</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="59E4EFCAC666C9FE04A000C72465154E" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC03440BFFF6FF96EF964291F671FB9A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714875" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309726" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714875" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFF6FF96EF964291F671FB9A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFF6FF96EF964291F671FB9A" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF964291FF15FDE3" box="[141,198,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF964291FF15FDE3" blockId="20.[138,1175,502,630]" box="[141,198,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFF6FF96EF964291FF15FDE3" box="[141,198,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFF6FF96EF964291FF15FDE3" box="[141,198,502,552]" captionStart="Plate 15: Viverridae" captionStartId="20.[132,162,3394,3419]" captionTargetBox="[11,2789,15,3637]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="24. Small-toothed Palm Civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata), 25. Sulawesi Palm Civet (Macrogalidia musschenbroekii), 26. Binturong (Arctictis binturong), 27. Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata), 28. Common Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus), 29. Brown Palm Civet (Paradoxurus jerdoni), 30. Golden Palm Civet (Paradoxurus zeylonensis), 31. Otter Civet (Cynogale bennettii), 32. Owston’s Palm Civet (Chrotogale owstoni), 33. Banded Palm Civet (Hemugalus derbyanus), 34. Hose’s Palm Civet (Diplogale hosei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375763" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375763/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">24.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EFCC4291FD34FDE3" box="[215,743,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EFCC4291FD34FDE3" blockId="20.[138,1175,502,630]" box="[215,743,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFF6FF96EFCC4291FD34FDE3" box="[215,743,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF6FF96EFCC4291FD34FDE3" box="[215,743,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Small-toothed Palm Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EDE84291FB44FDE3" box="[755,1175,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EDE84291FB44FDE3" blockId="20.[138,1175,502,630]" box="[755,1175,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFF6FF96EDE84291FB44FDE3" box="[755,1175,502,552]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF6FF96EDE84291FB44FDE3" ID-CoL="GB34" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1832" box="[755,1175,502,552]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Arctogalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivirgata">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EDE84291FB44FDE3" box="[755,1175,502,552]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Arctogalidia trivirgata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF97415EFD51FDBE" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF97415EFCBEFD85" blockId="20.[138,1175,502,630]" box="[140,877,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFF6FF96EF97415EFCBEFD85" box="[140,877,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF97415EFF0AFD85" bold="true" box="[140,217,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF6FF96EFF9415EFE6FFD85" box="[226,444,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Civette a trois bandes</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EECB415EFDF8FD85" bold="true" box="[464,555,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF6FF96ED2E415EFD66FD85" box="[565,693,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Streifenroller</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EDD2415EFCF7FD85" bold="true" box="[713,804,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF6FF96EC36415EFCBEFD85" box="[813,877,569,590]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Galidia</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF904107FD51FDBE" blockId="20.[138,1175,502,630]" box="[139,642,608,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFF6FF96EF904107FD51FDBE" box="[139,642,608,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF904107FE51FDBE" bold="true" box="[139,386,608,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFF6FF96EE914107FD51FDBE" box="[394,642,608,629]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Three-striped Palm Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EDEB41CFFCEAFD27" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EDEB41CFFCEAFD27" blockId="20.[751,1340,680,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EDEB41CFFC58FD0E" bold="true" box="[752,907,680,709]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF6FF96ECB941CFFCE7FD27" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Paradoxurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trivirgatus">Paradoxurus trivirgatus Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EC5341ACFCA5FCD8" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EC5341ACFCA5FCD8" blockId="20.[751,1340,680,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFF6FF96EC5341ACFCA5FCD8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312332" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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type locality restricted to “
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96EBDA41ACFB29FD27" box="[1217,1274,715,748]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Java</collectingRegion>
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, Buitenzorg”.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EDEB4079FCB7FBED" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EDEB4079FCB7FBED" blockId="20.[751,1340,680,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Three subspecies are recognized here, but a systematic revision is needed. Some authors believe that the Small-toothed Palm Civet should be split into two species, one north of the Isthmus of Kra and one in the Sundaic region. Three subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EDF44756FDB2FADA" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
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<caption id="20D5A595FFF6FF96EDF44756FDB2FADA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714615" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714615/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" targetBox="[138,724,683,1094]" targetPageId="20">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EDF44756FBADFB85" blockId="20.[751,1340,680,1102]" box="[751,1150,1073,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EDF44756FBADFB85" bold="true" box="[751,1150,1073,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF914733FD03FB50" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF6FF96EF914733FE37FBBE" authority="Gray, 1832" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1832" box="[138,484,1108,1141]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Arctogalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="trivirgata" subSpecies="trivirgata">A. t. trivirgata Gray, 1832</taxonomicName>
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— Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EDB74733FCF8FBBE" box="[684,811,1108,1141]" name="Thailand" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EC6C4733FC3DFBBE" box="[887,1006,1108,1141]" name="Malaysia" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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, Sumatra, and Borneo; also found on several small Indonesian Is.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF9247C1FD64FB21" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF6FF96EF9247C1FDDEFB08" authority="Horsfield, 1851" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1851" box="[137,525,1190,1219]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Arctogalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="trivirgata" subSpecies="leucotis">A. t. leucotis Horsfield, 1851</taxonomicName>
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— NE
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96ED6947C1FD68FB08" box="[626,699,1190,1219]" name="India" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96EDCF47C1FCE0FB08" box="[724,819,1190,1219]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Assam</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EC4A47C1FC27FB08" box="[849,1012,1190,1219]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EB1347C1FB8FFB08" box="[1032,1116,1190,1219]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96EB6E47C1FB3BFB08" box="[1141,1256,1190,1219]" country="China" name="Yunnan" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
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), and Mainland SE Asia to the Isthmus of Kra.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF924793FDB2FADA" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" box="[137,609,1268,1297]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFF6FF96EF924793FDD3FADA" authority="Wagner, 1841" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1841" box="[137,512,1268,1297]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Arctogalidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="trivirgata" subSpecies="tnilineata">A. t. tnilineata Wagner, 1841</taxonomicName>
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—
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96ED3B4793FD8DFADA" box="[544,606,1268,1297]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Java</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF92467AFE5BF6C4" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF92467AFE5BF6C4" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF92467AFE5BFAF1" bold="true" box="[137,392,1309,1338]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 43.2-53.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EDA6467AFCDBFAF1" box="[701,776,1309,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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, tail 46.3-66 cm, hindfoot 7.5-9.
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EBF3467AFAE0FAF1" box="[1256,1331,1309,1338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
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, ear 4.2-5 cm; weight 2.2-5 kg. A small civet with a long tail; smaller on Borneo, and the pelage varies in color and pattern between different populations. The coat color varies from gray to dark brown; the underparts are grayish-white or creamy buff. The under fur on the back and sides is reddish brown. There are three dark dorsal stripes (narrow rows of spots) and a median white band on the nose (which can be missing or inconspicuous, particularly in Bornean individuals). The head and feet are darker than the body. Thetail is dark brown or black and is paler at the base; there can also be faint dark rings at the base of the tail in some individuals. The skin and hairs on the tip of the ear are white in populations north of the Isthmus of Kra (subspecies A. t. leucotis). The rhinarium has a deep groove in the front and on its upper surface. The feet have five digits and smooth plantar pads; the metapodial pads are large and covered with smooth skin. The area between the metatarsal pads is naked and covered by coarse skin; the heel is hairy. On the hindfoot, the third and fourth digit pads are close together, but are not fused as in other paradoxurine species. The perineal scent gland is absent in the male. In the female,this gland is simple and consists of a small naked area in front of the vulva, surrounded by a flap of naked skin; the gland does not reach the anus and the principal secreting area is located in front of the vulva. There are two pairs of teats. The skull has long post-orbital processes; the post-orbital process of the zygomatic arch rises sharply to form part of the lower rim of the orbit. The sagittal crest is low and incomplete in some specimens, but the occipital crests are well-developed. The auditory bullae have a distinctive fusion of the bones of the anterior and posterior chambers. Dental formula: 1 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. The teeth are small, round, and widely separated. The protocone of the upper carnassial is medial to the paracone and the shearing blades of the molars are absent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF9E4A7CFED6F5E9" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF9E4A7CFED6F5E9" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF9E4A7CFF25F6F3" bold="true" box="[133,246,2331,2360]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary semi-evergreen forest; a few records are from degraded forest in
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EF9D4A59FF1AF694" box="[134,201,2366,2399]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Laos</collectingCountry>
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. Found up to
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EE804A59FDD0F694" box="[411,515,2366,2399]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
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. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96ED204A59FD65F694" box="[571,694,2366,2399]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, an adult was observed in primary hill forest at
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EFB04A01FED2F64C" box="[171,257,2406,2439]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="770.0">770 m</quantity>
|
||
and two sightings were in lowland, semi-evergreen forest. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EB9A4A01FAC6F64C" box="[1153,1301,2406,2439]" name="Cambodia" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a male was observed in a small area of semi-evergreen forest at
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96ECE84AF6FB95F665" box="[1011,1094,2449,2478]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EBAF4AF6FAE6F665" box="[1204,1333,2449,2478]" name="Thailand" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
individuals were seen in dry evergreen forest. In central Sumatra, a skull was found in primary forest at
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EEBB4A87FE2AF636" box="[416,505,2528,2557]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
|
||
. On Borneo, one individual was trapped in primary forest at
|
||
<quantity id="B35258F8FFF6FF96EFB34966FED1F5E9" box="[168,258,2561,2594]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF9F4954FE6EF50B" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF9F4954FE6EF50B" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF9F4954FE42F587" bold="true" box="[132,401,2611,2636]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Believed to be omnivorous, feeding on small vertebrates, invertebrates, and fruits. On Borneo, two stomachs contained 90% fruits and arthropods; another stomach collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96ED37491EFD62F551" box="[556,689,2681,2714]" name="Myanmar" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
contained remains of squirrels. Has been observed feeding on figs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF9849AFFE9AF4FE" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF9849AFFE9AF4FE" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF9849AFFEBCF522" bold="true" box="[131,367,2760,2793]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Appears to be nocturnal: sightings have been recorded in the early morning hours and during the night. Said to rest during the day in the upper branches of tall trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF9F4826FEFBF3A4" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF9F4826FEFBF3A4" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF9F4826FC84F495" bold="true" box="[132,855,2881,2910]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Movements, Home Range and Social organization</emphasis>
|
||
. Appears to be solitary, although pairs have been seen. Arboreal: mainly observed in the crown of trees and rarely on the ground. It is an excellent climber and uses its tail for balance while walking on thin limbs. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EE5248DBFE19F41E" box="[329,458,3004,3029]" name="Thailand" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, individuals were seen in trees, 10-25 m from the ground, and a pair was seen feeding in a fig tree. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EDA548B8FCEBF437" box="[702,824,3039,3068]" name="Vietnam" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, individuals were observed in trees, 15-50 m above the ground, and in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96ED634F65FCD9F3E8" box="[632,778,3074,3107]" name="Cambodia" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, a single male was seen feeding in a fig tree. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFF6FF96EFE24F4AFEE8F381" box="[249,315,3117,3146]" name="Laos" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
, several sightings were recorded in the canopy, but none were seen on the ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EF984F10F9E7FEAE" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EF984F10F9E7FEAE" blockId="20.[131,1339,1108,3303]" lastBlockId="20.[1409,2614,286,1106]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EF984F10FEDDF353" bold="true" box="[131,270,3191,3224]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
A female with two embryos has been reported; in captivity, litter size ranged from one to three, with two litters a year. A captive female had her first estrus period at 17 months and then at six-month intervals. Gestation is 45 days. The young are born blind; their eyes open at eleven days. They are weaned after two months.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EA9F420AF9F4FC78" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EA9F420AF9F4FC78" blockId="20.[1409,2614,286,1106]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EA9F420AF937FE45" bold="true" box="[1412,1764,365,398]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The [UCN Red List, the Javan subspecies trilineata has been recorded only in Gunung Halimun, Gunung Gede and Ujung
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96EAFE42DBF9E9FE16" box="[1509,1594,444,477]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Kulon</collectingRegion>
|
||
National Parks, and is classified as Endangered by The IUCN Red List and is considered Threatened in the 1989 IUCN Action Planfor the Conservation ofMustelids and Viverrids. Habitat loss and degradation could be a serious threat: in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96E6B8416DF5E6FDE0" box="[2467,2613,522,555]" country="Botswana" name="South East" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">South-east</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia, there has been loss and degradation of primary forests through logging and conversion to non-forest land-uses. On Borneo, the overall density of civets in logged forests was found to be significantly lower than in primary forests. Small-toothed Palm Civets are hunted in the Indochina region, and they are seen in local markets and outside restaurants. However, they may be less vulnerable to traps and snares set on the ground than more terrestrial civet species. Field surveys are needed to determine their current distribution and to monitor populations. As this is a very arboreal species, it is unlikely to be detected by camera-trapsset close to the ground; spotlighting at night appears to be a more appropriate detection method. Ecological studies also are needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFF6FF96EA9840A4F671FB9A" pageId="20" pageNumber="194" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFF6FF96EA9840A4F671FB9A" blockId="20.[1409,2614,286,1106]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFF6FF96EA9840A4F9CFFC17" bold="true" box="[1411,1564,963,988]" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Borissenko et al. (2004), Corbet & Hill (1992), Davis (1962), Duckworth (1997), Goldman (1982), Holden (2006), IUCN (2008), Lekagul & McNeely (1991), Long & Hoang (2006),
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFF6FF96E7F4408DF69FFBC8" box="[2287,2380,1002,1027]" country="United Kingdom" name="Medway" pageId="20" pageNumber="194">Medway</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1969), Meiri (2005), Payne et al. (1985), Pocock (1915f, 1933c, 1939), Rabinowitz (1991), Schreiber et al. (1989), Van Bemmel (1952), Veron (1999), Walston & Duckworth (2003), Wells et al. (2005), Wozencraft (1984, 2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |