181 lines
18 KiB
XML
181 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="8970975DA5F961574ADA74FDD5BCABF0" ID-CLB-Dataset="3398" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5714564" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1b851f83-a5d0-4e03-a1ba-95c846dd3a31" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714564" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1633636969730" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="FC03440BFFE6FF86EF8B44B3F5E7FD08" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Viverridae_0174.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Viverra civettina Blyth 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="178" masterDocId="003A3C73FFE2FF82EF1B4367FFD3FFCB" masterDocTitle="Viverridae" masterLastPageNumber="232" masterPageNumber="174" pageNumber="178" updateTime="1699458846273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="9EE53581B63F7A9756E812879F170ED2" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="61DA8B6F85D2DF571B62A13A6DCB17B0">
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<mods:title id="6935B65E07C44CEF72DAD924A89F9808">Viverridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A6DA39681E212AA48EBE7D4FB2AFAE3D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E8F2C65EC43A339C545BCAD52EFE7D4E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="33CE5791CE083D3CD451CBB48812F982">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6532494C793C7EE5A44B3A33A6C394B5" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9A0F3C95527EE50B5169FDA410286436">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="38B2D8AA642207DF6F2EA133BC012E25">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FDDC9A5D1643AB09F3646047409B8DA0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:originInfo id="87E800B5A5A918CCE9AF8E4D777EA010">
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<mods:dateIssued id="82FF24BEB2AA1B2769E71F90E39A3826">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="FD407AA00CE6F2A93852FB352F58716B" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="42F64637A9B438D259EB69DBD5642E2E">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="3217CAE252C37AC67FA4131EDE8C0B0D">
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<mods:placeTerm id="148699C81A7358E60419032800E906AA">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0CC55AE605BDF758FE4242D90915EAD">
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<mods:title id="9C33684BFDC2689ADDBC4B3844BF4F1F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="779D061F9A253B8959BAAD0880AE386E">
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<mods:extent id="E684A73D581D279AA16CAD02C38C2F92" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="BDF6CC8A03338D993C977D601F402332">174</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="F26792A503C94B3AF3FF55982A7C340F">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3BCBBD408CA0517CCABEB1F4AA3ECEF2" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-49-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FC03440BFFE6FF86EF8B44B3F5E7FD08" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714832" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190309753" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714832" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC03440BFFE6FF86EF8B44B3F5E7FD08" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FC03440BFFE6FF86EF8B44B3F5E7FD08" lastPageNumber="178" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF8B44B3FF7CF835" box="[144,175,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF8B44B3FF7CF835" blockId="4.[141,995,2004,2127]" box="[144,175,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EF8B44B3FF7CF835" box="[144,175,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<figureCitation id="EC91E998FFE6FF86EF8B44B3FF7CF835" box="[144,175,2004,2046]" captionStart="Plate 12: Viverridae" captionStartId="2.[142,172,3439,3460]" captionTargetBox="[11,2786,15,3635]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Small Indian Civet (Viverricula indica), 2. African Civet (Civettictis civetta), 3. Malabar Civet (Viverra civettina), 4. Large-spotted Civet (Viverra megaspila), 5. Malay Civet (Viverra tangalunga), 6. Large Indian Civet (Viverra zibetha)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6375757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6375757/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">3.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EFDA44B3FE32F835" box="[193,481,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EFDA44B3FE32F835" blockId="4.[141,995,2004,2127]" box="[193,481,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EFDA44B3FE32F835" box="[193,481,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EFDA44B3FE32F835" box="[193,481,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malabar Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EEE844B3FCF7F835" box="[499,804,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EEE844B3FCF7F835" blockId="4.[141,995,2004,2127]" box="[499,804,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EEE844B3FCF7F835" box="[499,804,2004,2046]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86EEE844B3FCF7F835" ID-CoL="5BMZM" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[499,804,2004,2046]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="civettina">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EEE844B3FCF7F835" box="[499,804,2004,2046]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Viverra civettina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF944B77FD79F787" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF944B77FC31F7EE" blockId="4.[141,995,2004,2127]" box="[143,994,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EF944B77FC31F7EE" box="[143,994,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF944B77FF0FF7EE" bold="true" box="[143,220,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EFFF4B77FE72F7EE" box="[228,417,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civette de Malabar</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EEAD4B77FDC2F7EE" bold="true" box="[438,529,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86ED004B77FD05F7EE" box="[539,726,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malabar-Zibetkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EDF04B77FC95F7EE" bold="true" box="[747,838,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EC544B77FC31F7EE" box="[847,994,2064,2085]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Civeta malabar</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF954B50FD79F787" blockId="4.[141,995,2004,2127]" box="[142,682,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<heading id="2F5D4271FFE6FF86EF954B50FD79F787" box="[142,682,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF954B50FE57F787" bold="true" box="[142,388,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="FAA98533FFE6FF86EE944B50FD79F787" box="[399,682,2103,2124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Malabar Large-spotted Civet</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EDEE4BE5FAEEF750" box="[757,1341,2178,2203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EDEE4BE5FAEEF750" blockId="4.[757,1344,2178,2596]" box="[757,1341,2178,2203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EDEE4BE5FC43F750" bold="true" box="[757,912,2178,2203]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86ECB34BE5FAEBF750" ID-CoL="5BMZM" authority="Blyth, 1862" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[936,1336,2178,2203]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="civettina">Viverra civettina Blyth, 1862</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EDED4BC2FB80F709" box="[758,1107,2213,2242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EDED4BC2FB80F709" blockId="4.[757,1344,2178,2596]" box="[758,1107,2213,2242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<materialsCitation id="C4C2FF40FFE6FF86EDED4BC2FB80F709" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3712312328" box="[758,1107,2213,2242]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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Southern Malabar,
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86EB1F4BC2FB9CF709" box="[1028,1103,2213,2242]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EDED4BABFCEEF6F3" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EDED4BABFCEEF6F3" blockId="4.[757,1344,2178,2596]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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Has been considered a subspecies of the Large-spotted Civet (
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<taxonomicName id="B3AA8E9EFFE6FF86EB044B94FB19F6DB" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1862" box="[1055,1226,2291,2320]" class="Mammalia" family="Viverridae" genus="Viverra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megaspila">V. megaspila</taxonomicName>
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). Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EDEE4A25FAF5F694" box="[757,1318,2370,2399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
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<caption id="20D5A595FFE6FF86EDEE4A25FAF5F694" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5714570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5714570" box="[757,1318,2370,2399]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5714570/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" targetBox="[143,730,2178,2590]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EDEE4A25FAF5F694" blockId="4.[757,1344,2178,2596]" box="[757,1318,2370,2399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EDEE4A25FC77F694" bold="true" box="[757,932,2370,2399]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Distribution.</emphasis>
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SW
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<collectingCountry id="0CBDB58DFFE6FF86ECFC4A25FBE3F694" box="[999,1072,2370,2399]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">India</collectingCountry>
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(Western Ghats).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EDEE4A02FE08F44E" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EDEE4A02FE08F44E" blockId="4.[757,1344,2178,2596]" lastBlockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EDEE4A02FC23F64D" bold="true" box="[757,1008,2405,2438]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 76-85 cm, tail 30-40 cm, hindfoot 13-15 cm; weight 6.6-8 kg. A large terrestrial civet, very similar to the Large-spotted Civet. The coat is gray or tawny, with large black spots on the flanks, thighs, and hindlegs. There are conspicuous black and white bands on the throat and sides of the neck. A black crest of erectile hairs runs along the back and continues as a dorsal black line to the tip of the tail; the length of the crest hairs is up to
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<quantity id="B35258F8FFE6FF86EFAF49C3FEC5F50A" box="[180,278,2724,2753]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" unit="mm" value="50.0">50 mm</quantity>
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. The tail has five or six incomplete dark rings; the tip is black. The feet have five digits, but the hallux and pollex are reduced. There are small rounded metacarpal pads and small metatarsal pads; the area around the plantar pads is naked. There are two pairs of teats. The posterior chamber of the auditory bulla has a pyramidal shape. Dental formula: 1 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 2/2 = 40. The cheek teeth are larger than in the Large-spotted Civet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF9448F7FF0BF418" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF9448F7FF0BF418" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF9448F7FF2EF466" bold="true" box="[143,253,2960,2989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Lowland swamp and riparian forests, but may also be found in cashew plantations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF9448BDFD52F430" box="[143,641,3034,3067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF9448BDFD52F430" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" box="[143,641,3034,3067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF9448BDFE47F430" bold="true" box="[143,404,3034,3067]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF964F61FDD5F382" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF964F61FDD5F382" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF964F61FEA8F3E8" bold="true" box="[141,379,3078,3107]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Reported to be nocturnal and to rest in scrub forests and cashew plantations during the day.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF944F33FAEEF3BA" box="[143,1341,3156,3185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF944F33FAEEF3BA" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" box="[143,1341,3156,3185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF944F33FCE4F3BA" bold="true" box="[143,823,3156,3185]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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Thoughtto be terrestrial and solitary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF944F1CFDD0F353" box="[143,515,3195,3224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF944F1CFDD0F353" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" box="[143,515,3195,3224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF944F1CFEC6F353" bold="true" box="[143,277,3195,3224]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Nothing known.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EF8B4FC5F6E2FDBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EF8B4FC5F6E2FDBF" blockId="4.[141,1344,2601,3459]" lastBlockId="4.[1411,2614,286,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
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<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EF8B4FC5FE27F374" bold="true" box="[144,500,3234,3263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act. The Malabar Civet is extremely rare and is listed as a priority species for conservation by the IUCN/SSC Small Carnivore Specialist Group. It has been recorded mostly in the coastal district, from Kanyakumari in the south to Honnavar in the north. There are only two reports of its occurrence at higher elevations, in the High Wavy Mountains and Kudremukh. In 1972, the IUCN declared that the Malabar Civet was “possibly extinct”. However, in the 1970s there were two possible sight records of this species, one in the Kudremukh area,
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E6C24227FA6CFE43" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
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, and the other in Tiruvella,
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E8424208F866FE43" box="[1881,1973,367,392]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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. Skins of recently killed civets were obtained in Elayur,
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E90F42F4F9BEFE7B" box="[1556,1645,403,432]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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(in 1987), and near Nilambur, northern
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<collectingRegion id="B66E3BFFFFE6FF86E7A642F4F6C4FE7B" box="[2237,2327,403,432]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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(in 1990). Loss and degradation of habitat is a serious threat; it is likely that surviving populations exist in the remaining lowland forests and sub-optimal habitats along the foothills and lower slopes of the Western Ghats. Another major threat is hunting for meat. Various conservation measures have been proposed: greater protection of remaining populations and habitats, captive breeding, field surveys, and ecological studies.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3CB0A696FFE6FF86EA9D41E5F5E7FD08" pageId="4" pageNumber="178" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="7415F51DFFE6FF86EA9D41E5F5E7FD08" blockId="4.[1411,2614,286,708]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">
|
||
<emphasis id="46DE290FFFE6FF86EA9D41E5F9CFFD50" bold="true" box="[1414,1564,642,667]" pageId="4" pageNumber="178">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ashraf (1990), Ashraf et al. (1993), Hutton (1949), Karanth (1986), Kumar & Rai (1991), Kurup (1987, 1989), Pocock (1933a, 1939), Prater (1980), Rai & Kumar (1993), Schreiber et al. (1989), Wozencraft (2005).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |