395 lines
42 KiB
XML
395 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4659336" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0c7614b2-dba9-4640-b42c-348382dfe59b" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180789248" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4659336" checkinTime="1617226809017" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Groves, C. P. & Flannery, Tim F." docDate="1994" docId="DD3387ECFFD76642717A39A3FB35FAAE" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.46.2.145-169.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 46 (2)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/groves-and-flannery-1994-rec-aust-mus-462-145169/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595.2:RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleId="D3147822FB22E0797CFA40BA2FBFB595" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1986-1997.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Uromys emmae Groves & Flannery 1994, n.sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="210AFF94FFD96653775A3829FF9EFFD1" masterDocTitle="A revision of the genus Uromys Peters, 1867 (Muridae: Mammalia) with descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="169" masterPageNumber="145" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" updateTime="1634702602223" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of the genus Uromys Peters, 1867 (Muridae: Mammalia) with descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Groves, C. P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Flannery, Tim F.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>1994</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>1994-07-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>46</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>145</mods:start>
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<mods:end>169</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/groves-and-flannery-1994-rec-aust-mus-462-145169/</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.46.1994.12</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">0c7614b2-dba9-4640-b42c-348382dfe59b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4654701</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4659336" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180789248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4659336" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD3387ECFFD76642717A39A3FB35FAAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD3387ECFFD76642717A39A3FB35FAAE" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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<subSubSection box="[1568,1948,394,432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1568,1948,394,432]" box="[1568,1948,394,432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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<heading box="[1568,1948,394,432]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName authority="Groves & Flannery, 1994" authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1568,1844,394,432]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae" status="n.sp.">
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<emphasis box="[1568,1844,394,432]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Uromys emmae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1867,1948,394,432]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1577,1936,482,521]" box="[1577,1936,482,521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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<heading box="[1577,1936,482,521]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
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<figureCitation box="[1577,1768,482,521]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStartId-0="14.[368,423,3100,3136]" captionStartId-1="15.[379,433,3075,3110]" captionStartId-2="16.[359,414,3057,3093]" captionTargetBox-0="[366,2115,2000,3068]" captionTargetBox-1="[365,2146,1923,3026]" captionTargetBox-2="[291,2096,1375,3029]" captionTargetPageId-0="14" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionText-0="Fig. 10. Study skins in dorsal view of A, holotype of U. emmae and B, U. caudimaculatus papuanus Mount Karimui area, AM M13812." captionText-1="Fig. 11. Study skins in ventral views of A, holotype of U. emmae and B, U. caudimaculatus papuanus Mount Karimui area, AM M13812." captionText-2="Fig. 12. Holotype cranium of U. emmae in: A - occlusal, B - dorsal and C - lateral views, and dentary in D - occlusal, and E - lateral views. F - pes of U. caudimaculatus AM M138l2, Mount Karimui, and G - holotype of U. emmae." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654707" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654709" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654711" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4654707/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4654709/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4654711/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Figs 10-12</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation box="[1800,1936,482,521]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="24.[390,476,404,440]" captionTargetBox="[741,1790,468,1201]" captionText="Table 2. Measurements TODO of typespecimens of Uromys emmae and U.boeadii" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/01E56672FFC1664B76DC39BDF91AFE69" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" tableUuid="01E56672FFC1664B76DC39BDF91AFE69">Table 2</tableCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1269,2247,600,845]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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Type material.
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066985305" collectingDate="1946-07-01" collectionCode="AM" collectorName="Col. C. B." country="Indonesia" county="The" latitude="-136.21666" location="Typhus Commission on Owi Island" municipality="Geelvinck Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" specimenCode="M7200" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Papua Barat" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[1603,1765,600,635]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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,
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<collectionCode box="[1799,1860,600,635]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode box="[1890,2002,600,635]" collectionCode="AM" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" type="Museum">M7200</specimenCode>
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, adult female skin and skull. Collected by
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<collectorName box="[1748,1897,642,677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Col. C.B.</collectorName>
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~hillips of the USA
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD3387ECFFD76642717A39A3FB35FAAE:50456021FFD7665D73AF3A82F8F9FD1E" box="[1269,1895,683,719]" country="Indonesia" county="The" latitude="-136.21666" municipality="Geelvinck Bay" name="Typhus Commission on Owi Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Typhus Commission on Owi Island</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[1937,2047,683,719]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">1016'E</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[2082,2227,683,719]" degrees="136" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" precision="925" value="-136.21666">136°13'S</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD3387ECFFD76642717A39A3FB35FAAE:50456021FFD7665D73AC3AFCFA67FD28" box="[1270,1529,725,761]" country="Indonesia" county="The" latitude="-136.21666" municipality="Geelvinck Bay" name="Schouten Group" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" stateProvince="Papua Barat">Schouten Group</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1558,1794,725,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Geelvinck Bay</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1822,1983,725,761]" country="Indonesia" name="Papua Barat" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Irian Jaya</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2012,2162,725,761]" name="Indonesia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingCounty box="[2190,2247,725,761]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">The</collectingCounty>
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specimen was registered on
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<date box="[1738,1932,767,803]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" value="1946-07-01">
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<collectingDate box="[1738,1932,767,803]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" value="1946-07-01">1 July 1946</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, and was probably collected during 1944-1945.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1316,2245,915,954]" box="[1316,2245,915,954]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Etymology. For the junior author's daughter, Emma.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1266,2248,1025,1847]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1519,1780,1025,1064]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
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<emphasis box="[1519,1780,1025,1064]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Uromys emmae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from all other species of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1639,1766,1071,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[1639,1766,1071,1110]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">Uromys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1923,2246,1071,1110]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
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<emphasis box="[1923,2246,1071,1110]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">U. caudimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a mottled section of the tail, where the light tip contacts the darker proximal part. It differs from
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1271,1596,1209,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
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<emphasis box="[1271,1596,1209,1248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">U. caudimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the following ways: i) hindfoot shorter, broader; ii) body fur shorter, coarser; iii) white mottling on tail restricted to distal third, where it is limited in extent, and terminal
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<quantity box="[1849,1939,1347,1386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
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brown (in other species white tail section much more extensive); iv) rostrum relatively and absolutely shorter; v) preorbital foramen hidden behind zygomatic plates (most of it visible in other species); vi) frontals not inflated, supraorbital ridging better developed, incisive foramina shorter (only 18.4% of palate length); vii) molars relatively larger (21% of condylobasal length); viii) posterior ends of nasals extend further posteriorly; preorbital bar thinner; ix) zygomatic arches less swung downwards.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[1314,2248,1912,1951]" lastBlockId="15.[1278,2268,369,1743]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
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Description. The
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<typeStatus box="[1634,1779,1912,1951]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">holotype</typeStatus>
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skin is in good condition except that the right pinna is missing, the interorbital region has been damaged by a rat trap, and part of the venter is soiled (
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<figureCitation box="[614,753,461,501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[368,423,3100,3136]" captionTargetBox="[366,2115,2000,3068]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 10. Study skins in dorsal view of A, holotype of U. emmae and B, U. caudimaculatus papuanus Mount Karimui area, AM M13812." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654707/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Figs 10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[788,828,461,501]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[379,433,3075,3110]" captionTargetBox="[365,2146,1923,3026]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 11. Study skins in ventral views of A, holotype of U. emmae and B, U. caudimaculatus papuanus Mount Karimui area, AM M13812." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">11</figureCitation>
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). The guard hairs of the dorsum are tipped with Clove Brown, while the fur is tipped with Straw. The bases of all of the dorsal fur is Dull Grey. The overall effect of the dorsal colouration is somewhat less rufescent than most
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<emphasis box="[237,577,691,731]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[237,572,691,731]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A ring of slightly darker hairs surrounds the eyes. The hindquarters are Prout's Brown, with the tipping of the hairs being less conspicuous than anteriorly, and the guard hairs reduced in number. The venter is sparsely furred, the hairs being dirty white from the anus to the chin. The vibrissae are black. The dorsal surface of the feet are clothed in fine, pure white hairs except on the metatarsum proximal to digits 2-3, where some light brown hairs are present. The feet are unusually broad and short with smooth plantar pads (
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<figureCitation box="[245,378,1152,1192]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[358,412,3150,3185]" captionTargetBox="[746,1715,1928,3089]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 13. Most parsimonious cladogram for the genus Uromys produced by Hennig86." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654713/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
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). They are only
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<quantity box="[699,857,1152,1192]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="50.5">50.5 mm</quantity>
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long (su) but
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="13.5">13.5 mm</quantity>
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wide at the base of the fifth metatarsal.
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<bibRefCitation author="Tate, G. H. H." box="[1010,1208,1199,1238]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" pagination="187 - 430" refId="ref15919" refString="Tate, G. H. H., 1951. Results of the Archbold Expeditions. No. 65. The rodents of Australia and New Guinea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 97: 187 - 430." type="journal article" year="1951">Tate (1951)</bibRefCitation>
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gives measurements of the hindfoot for the
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<typeStatus box="[996,1157,1244,1284]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">holotypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[235,364,1290,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nero">U. nero</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1873" box="[389,584,1290,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">U. aruensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[610,799,1290,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scaphax">U. scaphax</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[825,1014,1290,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="prolixus">U. prolixus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1040,1201,1290,1330]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ductor">U. ductor</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName box="[235,422,1336,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seibersi">U. seibersi</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis box="[525,723,1336,1376]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1923" box="[525,718,1336,1376]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sherrini">U. sherrini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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The length-width ratio for this sample is as follows: X = 0.18, range = 0.15-0.19, s.d. = 0.014 (n=8). Measurements of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[891,1208,1428,1468]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
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<emphasis box="[891,1208,1428,1468]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">U. caudimaculatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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held in the Australian Museum conform closely to Tate's sample. This compares with a ratio of 0.27 for
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<emphasis box="[235,414,1566,1606]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[235,409,1566,1606]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">U. emmae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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It is highly unlikely that preparation method could have affected these measurements, both because the measurements of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[541,714,1658,1698]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
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<emphasis box="[541,714,1658,1698]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">U. emmae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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taken in the field and from the study skins are similar, and because the proportions of the foot are altered little by preparation relative to other body parts. The mammary formula is 0 + 2 4 and, to judge from the size of the nipples, the animal was lactating when caught. Over the proximal
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<quantity box="[2123,2264,369,408]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" unit="mm" value="120.0">120 mm</quantity>
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of the tail the tail scales are raised to a conical point, the tail resembling a file. The scales become progressively more flattened distally, forming irregular tesserae near the tip. Limited white mottling is present over the distal one third of the tail, but white encircles the tail only in two narrow places. The terminal
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<quantity box="[1919,2003,645,684]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
|
is dark. There is a single hair per tail scale, visible only under magnification, which is one half to one third of a scale in length.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654707" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4654707" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654707/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" startId="14.[368,423,3100,3136]" targetBox="[366,2115,2000,3068]" targetPageId="14">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="14.[367,2102,3100,3177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">
|
|
Fig. 10. Study skins in dorsal view of A, holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1239,1395,3100,3136]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1239,1395,3100,3136]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and B,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Mount" box="[1532,2102,3100,3136]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caudimaculatus" subSpecies="papuanus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1532,1984,3100,3136]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="159">U. caudimaculatus papuanus</emphasis>
|
|
Mount
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Karimui area, AM M13812.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="15.[1278,2268,369,1743]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
The skull is cracked through just anterior to the parietal-frontal suture; damage typically inflicted by the bar of a rat trap. The teeth are moderately worn and several have been glued into their sockets. The rostrum is short and narrow relative to that of other species of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1286,1424,1060,1100]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[1286,1419,1060,1100]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Uromys</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The premaxillary/maxillary suture is positioned just anterior to the zygomatic plate, the entire masseteric foramen being hidden behind the zygomatic plate when the skull is viewed from the side (
|
|
<figureCitation box="[1885,2015,1198,1238]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="16.[359,414,3057,3093]" captionTargetBox="[291,2096,1375,3029]" captionText="Fig. 12. Holotype cranium of U. emmae in: A - occlusal, B - dorsal and C - lateral views, and dentary in D - occlusal, and E - lateral views. F - pes of U. caudimaculatus AM M138l2, Mount Karimui, and G - holotype of U. emmae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654711/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
|
). The incisive foramina are remarkably short, narrow and parallel sided. The frontals in the interorbital region are slightly dished, and weak supraorbital ridging developed. The parietal crests are weakly developed and are subparallel. The palate and upper molars are essentially similar in morphology to those of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1743,2172,1475,1514]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1743,2167,1475,1514]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">Uromys caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The mesopterygoid fossa is narrow relative to
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The pterygoids are damaged. The bullae are small and resemble those of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1922,2260,1612,1652]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1922,2255,1612,1652]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Except in their smaller size, the dentary and lower dentition do not differ from those of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1933,2260,1704,1743]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1933,2255,1704,1743]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="15.[1281,2263,1797,1883]" lastBlockId="16.[211,2247,392,1353]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1329,1527,1797,1837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
|
As in the case of
|
|
<emphasis box="[1921,2120,1797,1837]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1921,2114,1797,1837]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boeadii">U. boeadii</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
careful consideration has been given as to whether the taxon
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[219,396,392,431]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[219,396,392,431]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be recognised as a new species, or elongated hindfeet and a long skull are typical of as a subspecies of
|
|
<emphasis box="[631,983,438,478]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[631,977,438,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
always a terrestrial taxa (eg,
|
|
<emphasis box="[1662,2242,438,478]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Milne-Edwards" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1662,2046,438,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Xenuromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbatus">Xenuromys barbatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1922" box="[2088,2242,438,478]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Melomys</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
difficult question to resolve when dealing with
|
|
<emphasis box="[1266,1414,484,524]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">lorentzi).</emphasis>
|
|
The combination ofa short, broad hindfoot and insular taxa for which the criterion of reproductive short snout may well indicate that
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1910,2087,530,570]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1910,2087,530,570]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more isolation is immaterial and sample size is small. We arboreal than
|
|
<emphasis box="[1567,1940,576,616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1567,1935,576,616]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
(3) It shares decided that
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[458,637,622,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[458,637,622,662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
should be described as a full plesiomorphic features with
|
|
<emphasis box="[1785,2028,622,662]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Winter" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1785,2023,622,662]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">U hadrourus</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
nasofrontal species for the following reasons. 1) It differs from suture well posterior to the level of the preorbital
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[218,638,714,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[218,638,714,756]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">Uromys caudimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in a number of features that foramen; thin preorbital bar; uninflated interorbital are not observed to vary among the previously profile; weaker zygomatic arches; and broader feet, recognised subspecies of the latter taxa. These features recalling
|
|
<emphasis box="[1450,1705,807,847]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
U. (
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1910" box="[1533,1689,807,847]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="166" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Cyromys">Cyromys</taxonomicName>
|
|
).
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
It retains other apparently include the short, very broad hindfoot; short rostrum; plesiomorphic states not seen in either
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Winter" baseAuthorityYear="1984" box="[1962,2190,853,893]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hadrourus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1962,2190,853,893]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. hadrourus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or recession of the masseteric foramen behind the
|
|
<emphasis box="[1269,1620,899,939]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[1269,1614,899,939]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
including relatively small ears zygomatic plate, and short, sparse coat. 2) Some of (39% of condylobasal length), short incisive foramina, the distinguishing features of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[776,955,991,1031]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[776,955,991,1031]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
argue for a and relatively large teeth. In all of these features it quite different ecological niche from that of resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1907" box="[1459,1601,1037,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anak">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1459,1601,1037,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. anak</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1709,2018,1037,1078]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1709,2013,1037,1078]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="neobrittanicus">U. neobrittanicus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4654709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4654709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4654709/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" startId="15.[379,433,3075,3110]" targetBox="[365,2146,1923,3026]" targetPageId="15">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="15.[378,2122,3075,3152]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[379,499,3075,3110]" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
|
Study skins in ventral views of A, holotype of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1265,1420,3075,3110]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1265,1420,3075,3110]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">U. emmae</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and B,
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Mount" box="[1554,2122,3075,3110]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="160" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="caudimaculatus" subSpecies="papuanus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1554,2004,3075,3110]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">U. caudimaculatus papuanus</emphasis>
|
|
Mount
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Karimui area, AM
|
|
<accessionNumber box="[702,833,3117,3152]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M13812" pageId="15" pageNumber="160">M13812</accessionNumber>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="16.[211,2247,392,1353]" lastBlockId="17.[221,1205,400,1407]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<emphasis box="[217,575,1084,1123]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Krefft" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[217,569,1084,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">U. caudimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
;
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
in particular the short, broad In addition to
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1624,1823,1084,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boeadii">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1624,1823,1084,1123]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">U. boeadii</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[1955,2156,1084,1123]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Groves & Flannery" authorityYear="1994" box="[1955,2150,1084,1123]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emmae">U. emmae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
the hindfoot and the shortened rostrum denote terrestrial mammalian fauna of the Geelvinck Bay considerable specialisation. Short, broad feet and a islands, including Owi Island (
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1832,1927,1176,1215]" name="Palau" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">Palau</collectingCountry>
|
|
Awai) and Biak foreshortened snout are commonly seen in Melanesian Island (P. Biak) includes a number of endemic taxa. A murid taxa that are highly arboreal (eg, the species of highly distinctive and diminutive race of spiny
|
|
<emphasis box="[211,637,1314,1353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1877" box="[211,410,1314,1353]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Pogonomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pogonomys</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1888" box="[438,637,1314,1353]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Chiruromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiruromys</taxonomicName>
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[732,1079,1314,1353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Alston" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[732,1062,1314,1353]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Melomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="16" pageNumber="161" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rufescens">Melomys rufescens</taxonomicName>
|
|
),
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
while bandicoot
|
|
<emphasis box="[1456,1959,1314,1353]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="161">(Echymipera kalubu philipi)</emphasis>
|
|
has previously been named (Troughton, 1945). Troughton (1945) also described
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Troughton" authorityYear="1945" box="[398,667,446,486]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kohlsi">
|
|
<emphasis box="[398,667,446,486]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Petaurus kohlsi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Owi, but this is a junior synonym of
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Ulmer, 1940" authorityName="Ulmer" authorityYear="1940" box="[446,1192,493,532]" class="Mammalia" family="Petauridae" genus="Petaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diprotodontia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="breviceps" subSpecies="biacensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[446,951,493,532]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Petaurus breviceps biacensis</emphasis>
|
|
Ulmer, 1940
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a taxon so distinctive that it may represent a distinct species unique to Owi and Biak Islands. Two
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[1092,1199,584,624]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1092,1199,584,624]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species,
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rummler" authorityYear="1935" box="[370,575,631,670]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[370,575,631,670]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">R. jobiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<emphasis box="[674,866,631,670]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Peale" baseAuthorityYear="1848" box="[674,860,631,670]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exulans">R. exulans</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
are also found on Owi. The former is known only from Owi, Biak and nearby Japen Islands, while the latter species is a widespread Human commensal. Thus the degree of endemism among the mammals of the Owi-Biak
|
|
<collectingCountry box="[1098,1200,815,854]" name="Iceland" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Island</collectingCountry>
|
|
group (which were connected during the late Pleistocene), is very high. The occurrence of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rummler" authorityYear="1935" box="[1000,1199,907,947]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1000,1199,907,947]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">R. jobiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on Yapen as well as Owi-Biak is intriguing, especially as it is
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[395,817,1000,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caudimaculatus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[395,817,1000,1039]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Uromys caudimaculatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(as documented by BM 46.642, which is a large individual of cbI = 63.0, bzw = 32) is present on Japen, the two endemic Geelvinck
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1867" box="[412,540,1138,1177]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Uromys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[412,540,1138,1177]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Uromys</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species not being known from there. It is possible that the occurrence of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rummler" authorityYear="1935" box="[826,1021,1183,1223]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jobiensis">
|
|
<emphasis box="[826,1021,1183,1223]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">R. jobiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
on Yapen could be due to accidental human transportation, as it is the only mammal taxon with such a distribution, and other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName box="[685,800,1321,1361]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="17" pageNumber="162" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[685,800,1321,1361]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="162">Rattus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
have been widely distributed by this means in other parts of the Pacific.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |