treatments-xml/data/D9/64/87/D96487F9991DFFA507E94C01A983816F.xml

<document id="AA7554422C7626D3D14BCA1045311F1C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4039.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4ecc5394-2569-4cbd-8790-a3a4301d304a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="289932" ID-ZooBank="CB081EA2-3F93-4FD3-8AC8-B24F772833FC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461319549927" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Plant, Adrian R." docDate="2015" docId="D96487F9991DFFA507E94C01A983816F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04039p056.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4039 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hemerodromia furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="255DFF819901FFBB077E4E17A842800A" masterDocTitle="Diversity of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Empididae) in Thailand, the tip of a tropical iceberg?" masterLastPageNumber="56" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698618296215" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7382A389541B936DA42CCA16323FDE16">Diversity of Hemerodromia Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Empididae) in Thailand, the tip of a tropical iceberg?</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991DFFA707E94C01AB45823A" ID-CoL="6LNYH" authority="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityName="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa" box="[151,775,534,560]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA707E94C01AB45823A" bold="true" box="[151,775,534,560]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA707E94C01A9EF823A" bold="true" box="[151,429,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hemerodromia furcata</emphasis>
Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="517236EF991DFFA707E94C2EA9128258" blockId="28.[151,775,534,594]" box="[151,336,569,594]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
(
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991DFFA707E14C2EA9628258" box="[159,288,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 45" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1422,1445]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,653,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,649,1402]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 45. Male terminalia of Hemerodromia furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang. 43, lateral view of terminalia; 44, dorsal view of cerci; 45, apex of cercus. Abbreviations: cer = cerci, epa = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, lsur = lower lobe of surstylus, usur = upper lobe of surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289947/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs 43–45</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991DFFA706554C2EA90A8258" box="[299,328,569,594]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 90" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1274,205,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[277,1305,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 90. Distribution of Hemerodromia spp. in Thailand at a resolution of 0.25 ° and symbols sized to 0.5 ° of latitude and longitude. 82, H. demissa sp. nov.; 83, H. epsilutea sp. nov.; 84, H. etalutea sp. nov.; 85, H. flaviventris Yang &amp; Yang; 86, H. furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa; 87; H. fusca Yang &amp; Yang; 88, H. gammalutea sp. nov.; 89, H. isochita sp. nov.; 90, H. namtokhinpoon sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289960/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">86</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991DFFA707E94C6DAABD829A" ID-CoL="6LNYH" authority="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa, 2000: 77" authorityName="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="2000" box="[151,767,634,656]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA707E94C6DA93C829A" box="[151,382,634,656]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hemerodromia furcata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="D06C10FE991DFFA706FA4C6DAABD829A" author="Grootaert" box="[388,767,634,656]" page="77" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" year="2000">
<bibRefCitation id="355C4B1E991DFFA706FA4C6DAA9B829A" author="Grootaert" box="[388,729,634,656]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" refString="Grootaert, P., Yang, D. &amp; Saigusa, T. (2000) Empididae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan (I): Hemerodromiinae. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70, 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa, 2000</bibRefCitation>
: 77
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.
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<subSubSection id="19D76564991DFFA707E94CAAAC5C87FE" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="517236EF991DFFA707E94CAAAD7482F0" blockId="28.[151,1437,701,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA707E94CAAA94882DC" bold="true" box="[151,266,701,726]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Thoracic dorsum blackish. Laterotergite, meron and a small area of fused anepisternum + katepisternum below root of wing black; pleura otherwise yellow. Halter black. Cercus apically bifurcate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="517236EF991DFFA707B94D12AC5C87FE" blockId="28.[151,1437,701,2036]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA707B94D12A9358314" bold="true" box="[199,375,773,798]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Re-description</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA706F74D12A9878314" bold="true" box="[393,453,773,798]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Male</emphasis>
: Body length 
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; wing length 
<quantity id="96359B0A991DFFA704D64D11AC758317" box="[936,1079,774,798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.8 mm</quantity>
. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA703384D12ACC48314" bold="true" box="[1094,1158,773,798]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Head</emphasis>
. Black, dusted greyish; antenna pale yellow to brownish, apex of stylus darker; mouthparts yellowish white; all setae pale; one pair reclinate ocl; postocular setae very small, uniseriate, merging above with two pairs small vtl and several fine setulae on vertex; frontal setulae apparently absent. Antenna with postpedicel 2.0–2.5X long as wide, stylus shorter; scape with distinct fine dorsal seta. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA705F14D82AAAA83A4" bold="true" box="[655,744,917,942]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Thorax</emphasis>
. Dusted greyish. Scutum with ground colour dark yellowish brown to black, often somewhat more yellowish on postpronotal area. Anterior spiracle narrowly emarginated with elongate U-shaped black mark, opening posteriorly (clearly visible in paler specimens, more obscure in dark ones). Scutellum, mediotergite and laterotergite black; meron yellowish or considerably darkened, especially below. Fused anepisternum + katepisternum with yellow ground colour and small triangular area below root of wing blackish; sometimes obscurely darkened ventrally. Proepimeron darkened on pv margin. All setae yellowish; minute apart from a pair of distinct sct and one smaller npl. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA704334A7AABC7848C" bold="true" box="[845,901,1133,1158]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Legs</emphasis>
. Variably whitish yellow to brown; sometimes entirely pale but in dark individuals C1 and C2 and extreme base of C1, proximal 0.3 of F2 and F3 pale. Tarsal segments 4 and 5 sometimes darkened. C1 rather short ~ 1.1X longer than distance between C1 and C2, all setulae minute excepting a few slightly longer apicals. F1 ~ 1.2X long as C1, ~ 
<date id="2573102F991DFFA704AC4ACEABB784F8" box="[978,1013,1241,1266]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">5X</date>
long as wide, evenly inflated, hardly constricted on proximal 0.3; femoral formula ~ 7– 
<date id="2573102F991DFFA7058C4AEAAABC851C" box="[754,766,1277,1302]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1924-08-22" valueMax="1924-08-28" valueMin="1924-08-22">8</date>
/22–28/24–30+1–2/6–7, denticles black, rows converging apically; spines yellow, pv and av rows similarly long, not becoming longer proximally. T1 ~ 0.7X long as F1, evenly curved, ventral face shallowly concave; with one row of ~ 15–19 sharply pointed spinose setae ventrally; ventroapical spur absent, a strong ventroapical erect black spinose seta present. Mid and hind legs slender with only small dark setulae; T3 with short row of small setae posterodorsally before tip and a ‘comb’ of short setae posteroapically. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA706314BA6A9D285C0" bold="true" box="[335,400,1457,1482]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Wing</emphasis>
. Membrane rather evenly covered with dark microtrichia but hyaline basally. Veins greyish to blackish but whitish near base; R2+3 and R4+5 often darker. Marginal setulae dark. R2+3 linear before tip, rather long joining C ~ 0.8X distance between end of R1 and R4; length of C between ends of R2+3 and R4 short, ~1.1X long as R4. R4 slightly S-shaped, angle with R5 at extreme base ~ 80°, becoming ~70–80° thereafter, joining C at ~ 80–90°; R5 ~ 2.2X long as R4, almost linear; R4+5 fork distal to M1+2 fork by ~ 1.5X length of R4. M1 almost linear beyond base, convergent distally with R5; cell bm+dm short, ending as about level of R1. Halter with knob black, stem sometimes paler. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA706274880A98F86BA" bold="true" box="[345,461,1687,1712]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Black with tergites 1 and sternites 1–2 yellowish with dark posterior margins. Tergites with brownish hairs, sternites with yellowish hairs, very short on anterior segments becoming progressively longer on posterior segments. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA706E748C8AA5E86F2" bold="true" box="[409,540,1759,1784]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Terminalia</emphasis>
. Black with dark setae. Cerci elongate, extending beyond tip of epandrium (
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991DFFA7021148C8A8F58716" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 45" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1422,1445]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,653,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,649,1402]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 45. Male terminalia of Hemerodromia furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang. 43, lateral view of terminalia; 44, dorsal view of cerci; 45, apex of cercus. Abbreviations: cer = cerci, epa = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, lsur = lower lobe of surstylus, usur = upper lobe of surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289947/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
); apically bifurcate with upper process bearing strong setae (
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991DFFA704F64914ABA28716" box="[904,992,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 45" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1422,1445]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,653,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,649,1402]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 45. Male terminalia of Hemerodromia furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang. 43, lateral view of terminalia; 44, dorsal view of cerci; 45, apex of cercus. Abbreviations: cer = cerci, epa = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, lsur = lower lobe of surstylus, usur = upper lobe of surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289947/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
), lower process longer with generally weaker setae except two inwardly curving bristles at extreme tip; basal part broader in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991DFFA7027F4930AD178735" box="[1281,1365,1831,1856]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 45" captionStartId="29.[151,264,1422,1445]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,653,1392]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[151,1436,649,1402]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 45. Male terminalia of Hemerodromia furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang. 43, lateral view of terminalia; 44, dorsal view of cerci; 45, apex of cercus. Abbreviations: cer = cerci, epa = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, lsur = lower lobe of surstylus, usur = upper lobe of surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289947/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
), with long fine posteriorly directed setae. Epandrium elongate subovate, rather evenly covered with setae on outer face. Epandrium extending beyond tip of hypandrium. Surstylus present, reaching just beyond tip of epandrium, bilobed; dorsal lobe broad with apex inflated, almost shoe-shaped, with minute denticles and setulae on inner face; ventral lobe narrow, slightly inflated and upturned apically, bearing distinct apical setae. 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991DFFA7032C49A0ACEB87DA" bold="true" box="[1106,1193,1975,2000]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Female</emphasis>
: similar to male but abdomen with sternites 1–6 yellow; sternite 7 with some long dark hairs on disc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="19D76564991CFFA607B94E80AC6C8236" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="517236EF991CFFA607B94E80AC6C8236" blockId="29.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA607B94E80A9EE80BA" bold="true" box="[199,428,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Material examined</emphasis>
. 
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: 
<specimenCount id="47CBFD66991CFFA605214E80AAD180BA" box="[607,659,151,176]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="generic">52♂</specimenCount>
, 24♀, Chiang Rai Province, Khun Chae NP, Mae Tho Checkpoint, stream, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA6051B4EABAAFE80DF" box="[613,700,188,213]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-11">xi.2012</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Chiang Mai Province, Doi Suthep Pui NP, evergreen forest / stream, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA605C94EC8AB7380F2" box="[695,817,223,248]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-11-28">28.xi.2012</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Doi Phahompok NP, 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA602734EF6ADDE80F2" box="[1293,1436,223,248]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kesiya">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA602734EF6ADDE80F2" box="[1293,1436,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pinus kesiya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA605064F13AAB08117" box="[632,754,260,285]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-11-29">29.xi.2012</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Doi Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA606944F30AAD2814A" box="[490,656,295,320]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2008-03-17" valueMax="2008-03-23" valueMin="2008-03-17">17–23.iii.2008</date>
, MT, Songkran &amp; Apichart; Mae Hong Son Province, Tham Pla NP, Ban Huai Sai Kaw, 
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, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA6058C4F5BAB26816E" box="[754,868,332,356]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2014-10-24">24.x.2014</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Namtok Mae Surin NP, Ban Nong Kaew, stream in lower hill evergreen forest, 
<quantity id="96359B0A991CFFA605AD4F78AB70818D" box="[723,818,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1050.0">1,050 m</quantity>
, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA603324F78ACFD8182" box="[1100,1215,367,392]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2014-10-25">25.x.2014</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Nan Province, Doi Phu Kha NP, stream in hill evergreen forest, 
<quantity id="96359B0A991CFFA604F44F83ABA981A6" box="[906,1003,404,428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.141" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1141.0">1,141 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA604854F83AC3A81A7" box="[1019,1144,404,429]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="19.1836">19.1836°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA603F94F83AD4D81A7" box="[1159,1295,404,429]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="101.0816">101.0816°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA602634F83ADDA81A7" box="[1309,1432,404,429]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2012-11-20">20.xi.2012</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Loei Province, Phu Reua NP, Lead Phob w/f, 
<quantity id="96359B0A991CFFA604F34FA0ABAC81C5" box="[909,1006,439,464]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.152" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="1152.0">1,152 m</quantity>
, 
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, 
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, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA602634FA0ADDA81DA" box="[1309,1432,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2013-11-27">27.xi.2013</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant; Chantaburi Province, Khao Kitchakut NP, HQ-Krathing w/f, 
<quantity id="96359B0A991CFFA603464FCBAC3481FE" box="[1080,1142,476,501]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="51.0">51 m</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA603FA4FCBAD4081FF" box="[1156,1282,476,501]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="12.8361">12.8361°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA6026E4FCBADDA81FE" box="[1296,1432,476,500]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="5" value="102.1208">102.1208°E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA607E94FE8A9498212" box="[151,267,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2008-07-01">1.vii.2008</date>
, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA606684FE8A9C88212" box="[278,394,511,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2008-07-02">2.vii.2008</date>
, netted, A.R. Plant / 
<collectionCode id="37DCAE2A991CFFA6050E4C17AA808212" box="[624,706,512,536]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">TIGER</collectionCode>
Project; 
<collectingCountry id="29DA767F991CFFA604594C17AB208212" box="[807,866,512,536]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Surat</collectingCountry>
Thani Province, Khao Sok NP, Bang Huaraed, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA607C54C33A97F8237" box="[187,317,548,573]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="8.90925">8°54.555'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="34F95028991CFFA606364C33A9978237" box="[328,469,548,573]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" precision="1" value="98.5087">98°30.522'E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="2573102F991CFFA6069E4C33AAD18237" box="[480,659,548,573]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" value="2008-10-28" valueMax="2008-11-04" valueMin="2008-10-28">28.x.–4.xi.2008</date>
, MT, Pongphan (
<collectionCode id="37DCAE2A991CFFA6042C4C33ABDD8236" box="[850,927,548,572]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">QSBG</collectionCode>
&amp; 
<collectionCode id="37DCAE2A991CFFA604BD4C33AC618236" box="[963,1059,548,572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/e7dr-nxad" name="National Museum of Wales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">NMWC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="05B26667991CFFA607E94B99AA7185E8" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289947/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" targetBox="[157,1429,653,1392]" targetPageId="29">
<paragraph id="517236EF991CFFA607E94B99AA7185E8" blockId="29.[151,1436,1422,1506]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA607E94B99A90E85AE" bold="true" box="[151,332,1422,1445]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">FIGURES 43–45</emphasis>
. Male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA605644B98AC4185AF" authority="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang." authorityName="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang." box="[538,1027,1423,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA605644B98AB4385AF" box="[538,769,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hemerodromia furcata</emphasis>
Grootaert, Yang &amp; Yang.
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA603764B98AC6385AE" bold="true" box="[1032,1057,1423,1444]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">43</emphasis>
, lateral view of terminalia; 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA602464B98AD1385AE" bold="true" box="[1336,1361,1423,1444]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">44</emphasis>
, dorsal view of cerci; 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6064A4BB9A90F85C9" bold="true" box="[308,333,1454,1475]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">45</emphasis>
, apex of cercus. Abbreviations: cer = cerci, epa = epandrium, hyp = hypandrium, lsur = lower lobe of surstylus, usur = upper lobe of surstylus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="19D76564991CFFA507B9481DA983816F" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="517236EF991CFFA507B9481DAD4680DE" blockId="29.[151,1437,1546,2003]" lastBlockId="30.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA607B9481DA9768629" bold="true" box="[199,308,1546,1571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Remarks</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA6063A481DAA048628" box="[324,582,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6063A481DAA048628" box="[324,582,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hemerodromia furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described from Menglun in Yunnan, 
<collectingCountry id="29DA767F991CFFA60357481DAC2E8629" box="[1065,1132,1546,1571]" name="China" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">China</collectingCountry>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="355C4B1E991CFFA603E4481DADDE8628" box="[1178,1436,1546,1571]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Grootaert, P., Yang, D. &amp; Saigusa, T. (2000) Empididae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan (I): Hemerodromiinae. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70, 71 - 80." type="journal article">
Grootaert 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA60270481CAD028629" box="[1294,1344,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. (2000)
</bibRefCitation>
from a single male specimen. The male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA605814838AB31864C" box="[767,883,1582,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA605814838AB31864C" box="[767,883,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="355C4B1E991CFFA604FD4839AC35864C" author="Grootaert" box="[899,1143,1581,1606]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Grootaert, P., Yang, D. &amp; Saigusa, T. (2000) Empididae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan (I): Hemerodromiinae. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70, 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">
Grootaert 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA604874838AC6E864C" box="[1017,1068,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 16–18) appear to be extremely similar to those of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA6069A4844AC528660" authority="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa, 2000" authorityName="Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa" authorityYear="2000" box="[484,1040,1618,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menglunana">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6069A4844AAD38661" box="[484,657,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. menglunana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="355C4B1E991CFFA605E74845AC528660" author="Grootaert" box="[665,1040,1618,1643]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Grootaert, P., Yang, D. &amp; Saigusa, T. (2000) Empididae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan (I): Hemerodromiinae. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70, 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="355C4B1E991CFFA603614845AD4D8660" author="Grootaert" box="[1055,1295,1618,1643]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" refString="Grootaert, P., Yang, D. &amp; Saigusa, T. (2000) Empididae (Diptera: Empidoidea) from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan (I): Hemerodromiinae. Bulletin de L'Institute Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, 70, 71 - 80." type="journal article" year="2000">
Grootaert 
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA603EA4844AC878661" box="[1172,1221,1618,1643]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">et al</emphasis>
. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
, figs 19–21) with only slight differences in the depth of forking in the dorsal process of the cercus and shape of the tip of the aedeagus. In their diagnoses of the two species, the authors mention only one distinguishing feature; that the thoracic dorsum of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA606F848A8AA4286DC" box="[390,512,1726,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA606F848A8AA4286DC" box="[390,512,1726,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ‘black’ whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA6046448A8AB8C86DC" box="[794,974,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menglunana">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6046448A8AB8C86DC" box="[794,974,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. menglunana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is ‘yellow excepting scutellum and metanotum brown’. The 
<typeStatus id="8E76884D991CFFA606CB48F4AA5786F1" box="[437,533,1763,1787]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA6054148F4AAAD86F1" box="[575,751,1762,1787]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menglunana">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6054148F4AAAD86F1" box="[575,751,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. menglunana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was taken at the same locality and date as the only known specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA606534910A9E18714" box="[301,419,1798,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA606534910A9E18714" box="[301,419,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the 
<typeStatus id="8E76884D991CFFA605734912AA2D8714" box="[525,623,1797,1822]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was taken in the same locality 3 days earlier. Differences in thoracic coloration are commonplace in 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA6056A493DAAFF8749" box="[532,701,1834,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA6056A493DAAFF8749" box="[532,701,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Hemerodromia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and only occasionally of diagnostic utility; indeed, 
<collectingCountry id="29DA767F991CFFA60246493DADDE8749" box="[1336,1436,1834,1859]" name="Thailand" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Thailand</collectingCountry>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991CFFA606454958A9F0876C" box="[315,434,1870,1894]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991CFFA606454958A9F0876C" box="[315,434,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied here from Nan Province are considerably darker than those from elsewhere. Similarly, minor differences in the shape of the cercus are apparent in different specimens. Given that all the Chinese specimens of the two species were collected in the same place, mostly at the same time, and that minor differences in colour or genital morphology are generally of dubious taxonomic value, there can be little doubt that they are a single species. However, having not examined the 
<typeStatus id="8E76884D991FFFA504454E8FAB2980BA" box="[827,875,152,176]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
material of either species I refrain from proposing a formal synonymy here. In the present work I apply the name 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991FFFA504264EAAAB8880DE" box="[856,970,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991FFFA504264EAAAB8880DE" box="[856,970,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991FFFA5032E4EAAACBF80DF" box="[1104,1277,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="menglunana">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991FFFA5032E4EAAACBF80DF" box="[1104,1277,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H. menglunana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="517236EF991FFFA507B94EF7A983816F" blockId="30.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
In 
<collectingCountry id="29DA767F991FFFA5079B4EC8A90980F2" box="[229,331,223,248]" name="Thailand" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="96CD4D6C991FFFA506294EF6A98B80F2" box="[343,457,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Hemerodromia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furcata">
<emphasis id="63B9EAFD991FFFA506294EF6A98B80F2" box="[343,457,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">H. furcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed, and most frequent in the north (
<figureCitation id="C9F62A6A991FFFA5035B4EC8AC3B80F2" box="[1061,1145,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 82 – 90" captionStartId="48.[151,264,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[292,1274,205,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[277,1305,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURES 82 – 90. Distribution of Hemerodromia spp. in Thailand at a resolution of 0.25 ° and symbols sized to 0.5 ° of latitude and longitude. 82, H. demissa sp. nov.; 83, H. epsilutea sp. nov.; 84, H. etalutea sp. nov.; 85, H. flaviventris Yang &amp; Yang; 86, H. furcata Grootaert, Yang &amp; Saigusa; 87; H. fusca Yang &amp; Yang; 88, H. gammalutea sp. nov.; 89, H. isochita sp. nov.; 90, H. namtokhinpoon sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/289960/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 86</figureCitation>
), occurring in a variety of mid to low elevation forest 
<typeStatus id="8E76884D991FFFA506B74F12AA468117" box="[457,516,261,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">types</typeStatus>
at 
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. Of 
<specimenCount id="47CBFD66991FFFA505A24F13AB368117" box="[732,884,260,285]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="generic">74 specimens</specimenCount>
examined, one was captured in March, 
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July and 
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October or November suggesting that peak adult activity may correlate with the start and end of the Southwest Monsoon rains.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>