375 lines
35 KiB
XML
375 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905" ID-GBIF-Dataset="59cbf2a9-41ca-4f5a-a350-ef034991798b" ID-PMC="PMC3677376" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-295-1" ID-PubMed="23794874" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-295-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 295" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" checkinTime="1451247354359" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Branstetter, Michael G." docDate="2013" docId="D4C3BDB1CFA6BF155B775956C155887E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 295: 1-277" docOrigin="ZooKeys 295" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905" docTitle="Stenamma saenzae Branstetter, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="190" masterDocId="FFB3D3328201C177FF99FFC5FFA8A72C" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="277" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="184" updateTime="1668155749461" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the Middle American clade of the ant genus Stenamma Westwood (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Branstetter, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>295</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>277</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.295.4905</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-295-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152043616" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1FABD241-F9CB-4826-A078-5833D7F09F15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D4C3BDB1CFA6BF155B775956C155887E" lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<subSubSection pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1FABD241-F9CB-4826-A078-5833D7F09F15" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="183" pageNumber="184">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Worker: Figures 146, 147; Queen:Figure 148; Map: Figure 149
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="184" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="183" pageNumber="184" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="183" pageNumber="184">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="184" lastPageNumber="185" pageId="183" pageNumber="184">
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Holotype worker.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="MÉXICO">MEXICO</normalizedToken>
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, Chiapas: 5km NE Coapilla,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.1755">17.17550°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.13212">93.13212°W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1990m, 25 May 2008, 2° mesophyll forest, ex sifted leaf litter (LLAMA, collection Wa-A-04-1-26) [USNM, specimen CASENT0603860]. Paratypes: same data as holotype but
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.1833">17.18330°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.15209">93.15209°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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50m, 1915m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-04-2-07) [1dq, 1w, CAS, CASENT0623473, CASENT0623474], [1w, EAPZ, CASENT0623475], [1w, ECOSCE, CASENT0623476], [1w, FMNH,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="184" pageNumber="185" start="start">CASENT</pageBreakToken>
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0623477], [1w, ICN, CASENT0623478];
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.1755">17.17550°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.13212">93.13212°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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50m, 1990m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-04-2-06) [1w, INBio, CASENT0623469], [1w, JTLC, CASENT0623470], [1w, LACM, CASENT0623471], [1w, MGBPC, CASENT0623472];
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.18296">17.18296°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.15197">93.15197°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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50m, 1915m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-04-2-15) [1dq, 1w, MCZ, CASENT0623479, CASENT0623480], [1w, MZSP, CASENT0623481], [1w, UCD, CASENT0623482], [1w, UNAM, CASENT0623483], [1w, UVGC, CASENT0623484], [1w, USNM, CASENT0623485];
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.18273">17.18273°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.15184">93.15184°W</geoCoordinate>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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50m, 1915m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA, Wa-A-04-2-21) [1dq, USNM, CASENT0603866]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="worker diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Worker diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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Integument mostly brown to orange-brown and mottled; small-sized species (see HL, ML, PrW below); basal margin of mandible sinuous, always with a basal notch containing a small tooth; anterior clypeal margin undulating, often forming 4 blunt teeth; face completely sculptured, usually mostly rugoreticulate; gastral pilosity with a dense layer of short decumbent to appressed setae, and a sparse layer of longer suberect setae; eye small (EL 0.05-0.09, REL 10-16), subcircular, with 3-5 ommatidia at greatest diameter; posterior extension of clypeus between antennal insertions narrow (PCW 0.01-0.02), with inner margins of frontal lobes almost touching anteriorly; scape short (SI 81-92), not reaching posterior margin of head when laid back; propodeal spines tuberculate to short (PSL 0.07-0.14, PSI 1.5-2.3). Similar species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma crypticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Stenamma crypticum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma excisum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">Stenamma excisum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma nanozoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanozoi">Stenamma nanozoi</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="geographic range">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Geographic range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Southern Mexico to Honduras.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="184" pageNumber="185" type="worker description">
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">Worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="184" pageNumber="185">(16 measured) HL 0.52-0.69 (0.65), HW 0.43-0.59 (0.54), FLD 0.11-0.14 (0.14), PCW 0.01-0.02 (0.02), SL 0.36-0.50 (0.50), EL 0.05-0.09 (0.07), ACL 0.37-0.49 (0.47), ML 0.60-0.82 (0.77), PrW 0.30-0.41 (0.38), PSL 0.07-0.14 (0.10), SDL 0.04-0.07 (0.06), PL 0.23-0.31 (0.29), PH 0.14-0.18 (0.17), PW 0.11-0.14 (0.14), PPL 0.12-0.19 (0.16), PPH 0.12-0.17 (0.17), PPW 0.14-0.19 (0.17), MFL 0.39-0.53 (0.51), MTL 0.32-0.44 (0.41), CI 84-89 (84), SI 81-92 (92), REL 10-16 (13), FLI 22-27 (26), PSI 1.5-2.3 (1.6), MFI 107-119 (107), ACI1 69-73 (70), ACI2 94-105 (94).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="186" lastPageNumber="187" pageId="184" pageNumber="185">
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Small-sized species; general body color a mottled dark brown to light orange-brown, with mandibles and appendages lighter, usually orange-brown to yellow-brown; setae golden brown; mandible with 6-7 teeth (usually 6), consisting of 2-3 distinct apical teeth, a distinct, usually well-defined basal tooth, and 2-3 inner teeth, which are sometimes worn and indistinct; basal margin of mandible sinuous and always with a small basal notch containing a tooth; mandible mostly smooth and shining, with scattered piligerous punctae and basal striae; anterior clypeal margin viewed at an anterodorsal angle weakly to strongly undulating (appearing nearly flat in full-face view), often forming 4 blunt teeth, median undulation (emargination) sometimes narrow and notch-like; median lobe of clypeus lacking a distinct pair of longitudinal carinulae, either completely smooth, or with faint irregular striations (type population), apex of lobe with a transverse carina, remainder of clypeus mostly smooth and shiny; posterior extension of clypeus between antennal insertions very narrow (PCW 0.01-0.02), with sides subparallel and inner margins of frontal lobes almost touching anteriorly; frontal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="185" pageNumber="186" start="start">lobes</pageBreakToken>
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of moderate width (FLD 0.11-0.14, FLI 22-27), not obscuring torular lobes in full-face view; head appearing subrectangular (CI 84-89), with posterior margin depressed medially; eyes small (EL 0.05-0.09, REL 10-16), subcircular to slightly ob
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<pageBreakToken pageId="186" pageNumber="187" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
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, with 3-5 ommatidia at greatest diameter; face densely sculptured, usually mostly rugoreticulate, with longitudinal rugae medially, but sometimes reticulae less distinct and interconnected, interstices lightly punctate; scape relatively short, not reashing posterior margin of head when laid back (SI 81-92), usually of average thickness (type population), but some populations with scape distinctly swollen distally; scape cuticle mostly smooth and somewhat shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae; flagellum with somewhat distinct 4-segmented antennal club, apical segment noticeably enlarged; sculpture on mesosoma variable among populations, lateral surface usually weakly to strongly punctate, with variable number of longitudinal rugulae, dorsal surface of promesonotum variably rugulose-punctate, with pronotum ranging from completely smooth to strongly sculptured, most populations intermediate (type population), pronotum sometimes with a distinct longitudinal carina; propodeal declivity smooth and shiny or with a few transverse carinulae; promesonotum in profile low-domed and roughly symmetrical (type population), or less often flattened and more asymmetrical, with anterior face distinctly longer than posterior; propodeal spines tuberculate or forming short, broad triangular spines (PSL 0.07-0.14, PSI 1.5-2.3); metanotal grove usually well demarcated, of moderate depth and width; petiole of moderate length (PL/HW 0.47-0.56), average-looking; node in profile somewhat small (PH/PL 0.57-0.64), subconical, with anterior face slightly longer and more sloping than posterior face, node dorsum in profile rounded, pointing vertical to slightly posteriad; postpetiole in profile subcircular, usually appearing similar in size to petiolar node (type population), but sometimes slightly larger and more bulging (PPH/PH 0.86-1.08); petiole and postpetiole lightly to somewhat strongly punctate, with nodes variably smooth and shiny; gaster mostly smooth and shiny, with scattered piligerous punctae; most of body dorsum with very short suberect to decumbent pilosity; scapes with a dense layer of decumbent to appressed setae; gastral pilosity consisting of a dense decumbent (type population) to appressed layer of setae, and a much sparser layer of suberect setae, which is sometimes difficult to see among decumbent setae; setae on legs mostly appressed, with a few suberect setae on coxae and femoral venters.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 146.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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holotype worker (CASENT0603860) A Profile B Face C Dorsum D Anterior clypeal margin in anterodorsal view E Gaster.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 147.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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worker variants. Face, profile, and dorsal views
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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Variant 1 (CASENT0604912)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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Variant 2 (CASENT0621764).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="186" pageNumber="187" type="queen description">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Queen description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">(5 measured) HL 0.56-0.67 (0.66), HW 0.50-0.59 (0.59), FLD 0.12-0.15 (0.15), PCW 0.02-0.03 (0.03), SL 0.41-0.51 (0.51), EL 0.13-0.15 (0.15), ACL 0.41-0.51 (0.51), ML 0.77-0.92 (0.91), PrW 0.43-0.52 (0.52), PSL 0.10-0.11 (0.10), SDL 0.06-0.08 (0.07), PL 0.27-0.32 (0.32), PH 0.16-0.19 (0.19), PW 0.14-0.16 (0.16), PPL 0.15-0.19 (0.19), PPH 0.16-0.19 (0.19), PPW 0.17-0.21 (0.21), MFL 0.44-0.55 (0.54), MTL 0.37-0.46 (0.46), CI 84-91 (89), SI 80-90 (86), REL 25-26 (26), FLI 24-27 (25), PSI 1.3-1.8 (1.5), MFI 103-115 (108), ACI1 69-72 (69), ACI2 95-100 (100).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">Same as worker except for standard queen modifications and as follows: pronotum transversely rugose to rugoreticulate laterad, becoming punctate mesad; mesoscutum with narrow strip of smooth cuticle extending from anterior margin to about midpoint along midline; mesopleuron mostly smooth and shiny; propodeum mostly with transverse carinulae that wrap around surface, or less often mostly punctate; propodeal spines smaller (PSL 0.10-0.11, PSI 1.3-1.8).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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<paragraph pageId="186" pageNumber="187">
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Figure 148.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="186" pageNumber="187" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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paratype queen (CASENT0603866) A Profile B Face C Dorsum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="male">
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="187" pageNumber="188" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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is known almost exclusively from extracts of sifted leaf litter, with only a few queens collected from flight intercept traps in Belize. It is restricted to montane wet forest environments (e.g. cloud forest, mesophyll forest, pine cloud forest, oak-pine forest, liquidambar-oak-pine forest) and has been collected from 1000-2100 m elevation. Dealate queens as well as workers are commonly collected from leaf litter, suggesting that nests might be located within this stratum.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
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Based on overall size and form,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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might be confused with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma crypticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Stenamma crypticum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma nanozoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanozoi">Stenamma nanozoi</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma excisum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisum">Stenamma excisum</taxonomicName>
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, but out of these species,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma nanozoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanozoi">Stenamma nanozoi</taxonomicName>
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is the only species to share the small tooth on the basal margin of the mandible.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma nanozoi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nanozoi">Stenamma nanozoi</taxonomicName>
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by comparing gastral pilosity, which in the latter species, is composed mainly of a sparse layer of thickened suberect setae. Tentative molecular phylogenetic results show
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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as sister to a clade that includes
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma catracho" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catracho">Stenamma catracho</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma crypticum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crypticum">Stenamma crypticum</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma monstrosum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monstrosum">Stenamma monstrosum</taxonomicName>
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(Branstetter unpublished data).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
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shows considerable morphological variability among populations. From this variation, I describe two variants that differ significantly from the type phenotype (indicated above). Variant 1 (Figure 147
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
) occurs mainly in central Guatemala (Biotopo Quetzal,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Purulhá">Purulha</normalizedToken>
|
||
) and has the following distinguishing features: pronotal dorsum smooth and shiny; postpetiole more bulging, appearing larger than petiolar node; head somewhat enlarged. Although distinct from the type population, I find intermediate phenotypes at intervening localities, causing me to conclude that this variation is probably intraspecific, and likely due to environmental effects on size and sculpture. Supporting this view is the observation that the locality Biotopo Quetzal, where variant 1 is most distinct, is an especially cool, wet cloud forest site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
Variant 2 (Figure 147
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
) is known from the localities La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
|
||
in eastern Guatemala and Cusuco in northwestern Honduras, and it has the following distinguishing character states: overall body size distinctly smaller; antennal scapes thickened distally; mesosoma and waist strongly punctate, with rugulae reduced; promesonotum in profile flatter, and more asymmetrical; propodeal spines larger and more broadly triangular; lower layer of gastral setae appressed (rather than decumbent), allowing the suberect layer to be clearly visible. Unlike variant 1, I do not find intermediate phenotypes between variant 2 and the other forms, suggesting that this variant is more isolated and perhaps represents a distinct species. Because this variant is not sympatric with the other forms, I choose to include it within
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
|
||
until more data become available. Preliminary molecular results show specimens from La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Cusuco to be sister taxa, nested inside the larger
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="187" pageNumber="188" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="187" pageNumber="188">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="189" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="187" pageNumber="188">
|
||
BELIZE:Cayo: Chiquibul N.P.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Doyle’s">Doyle's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Delight,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.49194">16.49194°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.04444">89.04444°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1000m, 25-28 Aug 2007 (P. W. Kovarik); Chiquibul N.P.,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Doyle’s">Doyle's</normalizedToken>
|
||
Delight,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.49305">16.49305°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.04694">89.04694°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1100m, 19-28 Aug 2007 (P. W. Kovarik); GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz: Biotopo Quetzal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.21307">15.21307°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.21512">90.21512°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1750m, 7 May 2009 (LLAMA), Biotopo Quetzal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.2142">15.2142°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.2163">90.2163°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1680m, 8 Jul 2007 (M. G. Branstetter);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Purulhá">Purulha</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Biotopin,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.21535">15.21535°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.21618">90.21618°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1698m, 26-30 Mar 2008 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al.); 7.3km E
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="188" pageNumber="189" start="start">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Purulhá">Purulha</normalizedToken>
|
||
</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.2667">15.2667°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-90.132">90.132°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1700m, 19 May 1991 (R. S. Anderson); 8km S
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Purulhá">Purulha</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.1944">15.1944°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.2">90.2000°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1660m, 20 May 1991 (R. S. Anderson); Ranchito El Quetzal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.21508">15.21508°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.22003">90.22003°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1700m, 20 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson); Ranchito El Quetzal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.21308">15.21308°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.22245">90.22245°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1870m, 20 Sep 2008 (R. S. Anderson);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Salamá">Salama</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Hotel Posada del Quetzal 1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.1971">15.19710°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-90.21169">90.21169°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1600m, 26-30 Mar 2008 (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al.);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suchitepéquez">Suchitepequez</normalizedToken>
|
||
: 4km S. Vol.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Atitlán">Atitlan</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.55112">14.55112°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-91.19848">91.19848°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1750m, 15 Jun 2009 (LLAMA); Zacapa: 2km SE La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.95396">14.95396°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.27645">89.27645°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1430m, 12 May 2009 (LLAMA); 2km SE La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Unión">Union</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="14.94654">14.94654°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-89.276">89.27600°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1550m, 12 May 2009 (LLAMA); HONDURAS:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
|
||
: PN Cusuco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.48839">15.48839°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.23592">88.23592°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1260m, 31 May 2010 (LLAMA); PN Cusuco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.4894">15.48940°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.23746">88.23746°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1290m, 20 May 2010 (LLAMA); PN Cusuco,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.48965">15.48965°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-88.23383">88.23383°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1300m, 31 May 2010 (LLAMA);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="MÉXICO">MEXICO</normalizedToken>
|
||
:Chiapas: Cerro de Tapalapa,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.18786">17.18786°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.12308">93.12308°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2260m, 27 May 2008 (R. S. Anderson); 4.5km NE Coapilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.1653">17.1653°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-93.1389">93.1389°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1800m, 12 Jul 2007 (R. S. Anderson); 5km NE Coapilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.17598">17.17598°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.13269">93.13269°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1990m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA); 5km NNW Coapilla,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.18273">17.18273°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-93.15184">93.15184°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1915m, 25 May 2008 (LLAMA); 10km W El Bosque, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="17.044">17.0440°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.8612">92.8612°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1475m, 15 Sep 1992 (R. S. Anderson); 10.6km W El Bosque, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.043">17.043°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-92.762">92.762°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1460m, 25-29 Aug 1973 (A. F. Newton); L. Pojoj, Lagos de Montebello,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="16.1">16.10°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="-91.67">91.67°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1500m, 21 Dec 1991 (P. S. Ward); Lagos de Montebello, Cinco Lagos,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.1012">16.1012°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.674">91.6740°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1600m, 21 Jul 2007 (R. S. Anderson); Lagunas de Mon
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="189" pageNumber="190" start="start">tebello</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, Cinco Lagos, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.1167">16.1167°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-91.6833">91.6833°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2200m, 21 Sep 1991 (R. S. Anderson); 6km SW Ocosingo, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.8672">16.8672°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-92.0787">92.0787°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1400m, 22 Sep 1991 (R. S. Anderson); 2.1km NW Puebla Nuevo Solistahuacan, Yerbabuena Preserve, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.183">17.183°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-92.9">92.900°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 2070m, 23 Sep 1992 (R. S. Anderson); 13km N Pueblo Nuevo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solistahuacán">Solistahuacan</normalizedToken>
|
||
, [ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.211">17.211°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-92.964">92.964°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 1860m, 26-27 Aug 1973 (A. F. Newton); 5km E
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rayón">Rayon</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="17.217">17.217°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-92.967">92.967°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1700m, 23 Dec 1991 (P. S. Ward); 8.9km E Rayon,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="17.2">17.200000°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.91633">92.91633°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1500m, 19 Sep 1991 (R. S. Anderson); 16km WSW S.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cristóbal">Cristobal</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.69496">16.69496°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-92.77234">92.77234°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1763m, 7 Jul 2008 (R. S. Anderson).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="189" pageNumber="190">
|
||
Figure 149. Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma saenzae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saenzae">Stenamma saenzae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(circles) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stenamma sandinista" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="189" pageNumber="190" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sandinista">Stenamma sandinista</taxonomicName>
|
||
(squares).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |