525 lines
52 KiB
XML
525 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.5" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744386" checkinTime="1679049706285" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Silva, Diego Ferreira Da, Honório, Mayk, Silva, Chirley Gonçalves, Teixeira-Silva, Márcia A., Silveira, Marcos & Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga" docDate="2023" docId="D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.587.3.5.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 587 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Thismia calcarata D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="274" masterDocId="281A311A0F00D404F93FFFCCB216FF94" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon Forest" masterLastPageNumber="282" masterPageNumber="269" pageNumber="270" updateTime="1679323117762" updateUser="jonas" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Thismia (Thismiaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon Forest</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silva, Diego Ferreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-2453-1311</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & diiiego. silvaferreira @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2453 - 1311</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">diiiego.silvaferreira@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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||
<mods:name type="personal">
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||
<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Honório, Mayk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-3999-5741</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal (LABEV), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito Industrial, CEP 69.920 - 900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. & mayk. br @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 3999 - 5741</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">mayk.br@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silva, Chirley Gonçalves</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4466-5269</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal (LABEV), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito Industrial, CEP 69.920 - 900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. & chirleysilva 2016 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4466 - 5269</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">chirleysilva2016@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Teixeira-Silva, Márcia A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2178-1590</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal (LABEV), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito Industrial, CEP 69.920 - 900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. & marciateixeira. fungi @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2178 - 1590</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marciateixeira.fungi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Silveira, Marcos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-0485-7872</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal do Acre, Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia Vegetal (LABEV), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, BR 364, Km 4, Distrito Industrial, CEP 69.920 - 900, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. & silveira. marcos 66 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0485 - 7872</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">silveira.marcos66@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Braga, João Marcelo Alvarenga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-6124-1970</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão, 915, 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. & jmabraga @ jbrj. gov. br; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6124 - 1970</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jmabraga@jbrj.gov.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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||
</mods:titleInfo>
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||
<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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||
<mods:number>2023-03-16</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>587</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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||
</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>269</mods:start>
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<mods:end>282</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.5</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.587.3.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7744386</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="274" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<subSubSection box="[136,1001,756,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1001,756,783]" box="[136,1001,756,783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<heading box="[136,1001,756,783]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName authority="D.F.Silva, Honorio & J.M.A.Braga" authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,747,756,783]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,345,756,783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
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D.F.Silva, Honório & J.M.A.Braga
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis box="[758,843,757,782]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[758,843,757,782]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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<figureCitation box="[857,992,756,782]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[136,229,1950,1972]" captionStartId-1="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" captionStartId-2="4.[136,229,1883,1905]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,187,1923]" captionTargetBox-1="[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1361,190,1859]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@2.[151,1435,187,1923]" captionTargetId-1="figure-19@3.[203,1385,190,1929]" captionTargetId-2="figure-26@4.[226,1361,190,1859]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Thismia calcarata. A-B. Panoramic views of the areas habited by T. calcarata. C-D. Flowering habit (in situ). E-F. Fruiting habit (in situ). Photographs by by Mayk Honório Oliveira." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Thismia calcarata. A–B. Flowering and fruiting habit. C. Detail of the gibbous part of the flower resembling to a spur. D. Top view of the flower, showing the arrangement of the tepals, and annulus surrounded by three rings. E. Detail of de flower, upper view. F. Fruiting habit. G. Fruit, upper view. Photographs by Mayk Honório Oliveira." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Thismia calcarata. A. Flowering habitat. B. Bract. C. Flower. D. Detail of the surface of the annulus ornamentation. E. Detail of the gibbous part of the flower resembling to a spur, showing slit. F. Longitudinal section of floral tube with inner and outer tepals, stamens, and trichomes on the inner surface. G. Stamen. H. Longitudinal section of ovary showing the ovules, style, and stigma. I. Young fruit with seeds. J. Mature fruit without seeds. K. Seeds. Photos A-I are provenient of the material in alcohol, disregard coloration. Photographs by Diego Ferreira da Silva." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744390" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744392" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744394" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7744390/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7744392/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7744394/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,796,890]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-04-14" collectionCode="M, H, UFACPZ" country="Brazil" county="Type" latitude="-9.390278" location="Parque Estadual Chandless" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.919716" municipality="Manoel Urbano" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acre" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCounty box="[136,186,796,817]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Type</collectingCounty>
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||
:—
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||
<collectingCountry box="[214,304,796,817]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
<collectingRegion box="[311,361,796,817]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Acre</collectingRegion>
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||
:
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||
<collectingMunicipality box="[370,523,796,818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Manoel Urbano</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F01D405FB2AFCD0B10DFCA6" box="[533,795,796,818]" country="Brazil" county="Type" latitude="-9.390278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.919716" municipality="Manoel Urbano" name="Parque Estadual Chandless" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" stateProvince="Acre">Parque Estadual Chandless</location>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F01D405FA1BFCD0B1C9FCA5" box="[804,991,796,818]" country="Brazil" county="Type" latitude="-9.390278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.919716" municipality="Manoel Urbano" name="Bacia do Rio Purus" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" stateProvince="Acre">Bacia do Rio Purus</location>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F01D405FAD6FCD0B660FCA6" box="[1001,1142,796,818]" country="Brazil" county="Type" latitude="-9.390278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.919716" municipality="Manoel Urbano" name="Rio Chandless" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" stateProvince="Acre">Rio Chandless</location>
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||
,
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||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F01D405FDBFFCD0B76AFCA6" box="[1152,1404,796,818]" country="Brazil" county="Type" latitude="-9.390278" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-69.919716" municipality="Manoel Urbano" name="Floresta Ombrofila Aberta" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" stateProvince="Acre">Floresta Ombrófila Aberta</location>
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com bambu e palmeiras,
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||
<geoCoordinate box="[387,501,832,854]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-9.390278">09°23’25”S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate box="[509,630,832,854]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-69.919716">69°55’11”W</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<date box="[642,781,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2021-04-14">
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||
<collectingDate box="[642,781,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" value="2021-04-14">14 April 2021</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
, fl. and fr.,
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||
<emphasis box="[897,1135,832,853]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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||
<collectionCode box="[897,920,832,853]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
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||
.
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<collectionCode box="[923,943,832,853]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
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||
. Oliveira et al. 233
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||
</emphasis>
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||
(
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<typeStatus box="[1149,1238,832,854]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
:
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<collectionCode box="[1249,1339,832,853]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aeyb-cbcn" name="Universidade Federal do Acre/Parque Zoobotânico" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="Herbarium">UFACPZ</collectionCode>
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[dried + in spirit])
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,289,936,962]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Diagnosis:—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[289,496,936,962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
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<emphasis box="[289,496,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jonker" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[655,888,936,962]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
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<emphasis box="[655,888,936,962]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Thismia panamensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but it can be easily recognized by the presence gibbous part of the floral tube with one longitudinal slit; slit’s opening resembling to a spur; annulus ca.
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||
<quantity box="[1284,1348,972,999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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in diam., magenta, ornamented by two rings; outer tepals ca. 4 ×
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||
<quantity box="[764,832,1008,1035]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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||
, obovate, concave, reflexed, glabrous, margin lacerate, slightly dentate to ciliate, apex rounded to obtuse; interstaminal lobes absent; stamens ca. 2 ×
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||
<quantity box="[1225,1316,1044,1071]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
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||
; connective dilated 4-lobed, translucent white, 2-lobed at the upper ca. 0.8 ×
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||
<quantity box="[856,943,1080,1107]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, triangular to deltoid, 2-lobed at the lower ca. 0.1 ×
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||
<quantity box="[203,291,1116,1143]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
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, inconspicuous lobes, auriculate and stigma trilobed, lobes ascendants with apex slightly curved to the center, densely pilose.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="270" type="description">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,936,1970]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,327,1188,1214]" pageId="1" pageNumber="270">Description</emphasis>
|
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:—Herbs
|
||
<quantity box="[440,568,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="8.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="cm" value="8.45" valueMax="8.6" valueMin="8.3">8.3–8.6 cm</quantity>
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tall, terrestrial, mycoheterotrophic, achlorophyllous. Roots 7–12 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[1349,1447,1188,1215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, tuberous with fibrous roots, 1–10 × ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[588,657,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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||
, white to orange. Stem 5.2–7.5 × ca.
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||
<quantity box="[1086,1166,1224,1251]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="cm" value="0.2">0.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
, longitudinally bisulcate, erect, unbranched, glabrous, white. Involucral bracts 4; bracts 3–5 ×
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||
<quantity box="[939,1037,1260,1287]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, lanceolate, concave appearance, 1- veined, margin entire or sparsely serrate, apex obtuse, glabrous, white. Flowers 31–35 × ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1188,1257,1296,1323]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, solitary, slightly zygomorphic; floral tube 7–9 × ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[550,619,1332,1359]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, gibbous part of the floral tube with one longitudinal slit, slit’s opening resembling to a spur, outer surface smooth, glabrous, white, with 12-veined darkened, inner surface densely pilose with trichomes ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[347,432,1404,1431]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, concentrated from the base to the middle portion of the tube, white; annulus ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1387,1452,1404,1431]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam. magenta, outermost ring 3-lobed, each lobe alternating with the tepals, erect apical margin, 3–3.2 ×
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, colliculate on both surfaces, innermost ring 6-lobed, ca. 1.5 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[903,993,1476,1503]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hexagonal, magenta. Tepals inserted all at same height in the distal portion of the floral tube (3+3[4]); outer tepals ca. 4 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[1064,1131,1512,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, reflexed, obovate, concave, base truncate, 1-veined, margin lacerate, slightly dentate to ciliate, apex rounded to obtuse, whitish; inner tepals erect with base very narrow, base ca. 2 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[530,618,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, terminated by a flagelliform appendage
|
||
<quantity box="[1073,1193,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="24.0" valueMax="26.0" valueMin="22.0">22–26 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, 1-veined, margin entire, apex plane, glabrous, coppery at the 2/3, the rest to the apex white. Interstaminal lobes absent. Stamens 6, ca. 2 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[181,269,1656,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, pendulous; filaments ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[562,628,1656,1683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, inserted just below the annulus, translucent white; connective ca. 1 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[159,248,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, dilated, 4-lobed, translucent white, 2-lobed at the upper ca. 0.8 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[999,1087,1692,1719]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, triangular to deltoid, 2-lobed at the lower ca. 0.1 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[353,441,1728,1755]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, inconspicuous lobes, auriculate; anthers ca. 0.5 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[1011,1078,1728,1755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, inserted in the medial portion of the dilated connective, widely ovate, yellow with hippocrepiform line. Ovary ca. 2 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[1112,1180,1764,1791]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, unilocular, top-shaped, smooth, white, glabrous, multi-ovulate, placentation parietal; style ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[927,992,1800,1827]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, glabrous, white; stigma ca. 1.6 ×
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, trilobed, inconspicuous lobes, ascendants with apex slightly curved to the center, densely pilose, trichomes ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[136,225,1872,1899]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Fruits 4–8 ×
|
||
<quantity box="[380,475,1872,1899]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5–8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, cup-shaped, inner surface glabrous, margin irregular, ciliate, with 6 symmetrical lobes 2–3 × ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[245,332,1908,1935]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, rounded, emarginate, glabrous, white. Seeds 0.3–0.4 × ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[992,1079,1908,1935]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="270" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ovoid to elipsoid, reticulate, tancolored, seminiferous nucleus brown, funiculus filiform, persistent, translucent white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744390" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744390" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744390/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" startId="2.[136,229,1950,1972]" targetBox="[151,1435,187,1923]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1451,1950,2009]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,248,1950,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[260,443,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[260,438,1951,1972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">Thismia calcarata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[448,495,1951,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">A-B.</emphasis>
|
||
Panoramic views of the areas habited by
|
||
<emphasis box="[897,1019,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[897,1013,1951,1972]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="2" pageNumber="271" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">T. calcarata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1025,1073,1950,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">C-D.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering habit (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1307,1951,1972]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
). E-
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1349,1368,1951,1972]" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting habit (
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,258,1987,2008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="271">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
). Photographs by by Mayk Honório Oliveira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744392" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744392/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1975]" targetBox="[203,1385,190,1929]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1451,1953,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,253,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[258,432,1953,1974]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="3" pageNumber="272" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,432,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[444,494,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">A–B.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering and fruiting habit.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[780,804,1953,1975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the gibbous part of the flower resembling to a spur.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1386,1410,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Top view of the flower, showing the arrangement of the tepals, and annulus surrounded by three rings.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1090,1112,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of de flower, upper view.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1433,1451,1989,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruiting habit.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,304,2025,2047]" pageId="3" pageNumber="272">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Fruit, upper view. Photographs by Mayk Honório Oliveira.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7744394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744394/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" startId="4.[136,229,1883,1905]" targetBox="[226,1361,190,1859]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1453,1883,2049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,256,1883,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[264,442,1883,1904]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="273" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,442,1883,1904]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[456,480,1883,1904]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering habitat.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[675,697,1884,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">B.</emphasis>
|
||
Bract.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[772,795,1883,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">C.</emphasis>
|
||
Flower.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[885,908,1884,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">D.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the surface of the annulus ornamentation.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1429,1452,1884,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">E.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the gibbous part of the flower resembling to a spur, showing slit.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[880,898,1920,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">F.</emphasis>
|
||
Longitudinal section of floral tube with inner and outer tepals, stamens, and trichomes on the inner surface.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[634,659,1955,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">G.</emphasis>
|
||
Stamen.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[748,773,1956,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">H.</emphasis>
|
||
Longitudinal section of ovary showing the ovules, style, and stigma.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1436,1451,1956,1977]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">I.</emphasis>
|
||
Young fruit with seeds.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[364,382,1992,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">J.</emphasis>
|
||
Mature fruit without seeds.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[652,677,1992,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="273">K.</emphasis>
|
||
Seeds. Photos A-I are provenient of the material in alcohol, disregard coloration. Photographs by Diego Ferreira da Silva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,1227,158,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" box="[189,1227,158,185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,356,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Etymology:—</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet refers the gibbous part of the flower resembling to a spur.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[189,923,194,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" box="[189,923,194,221]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,351,194,220]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Phenology:—</emphasis>
|
||
Flowering and fruiting observed in March to April.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-03-16" collectingDateMax="2021-03-28" collectingDateMin="2021-03-16" collectionCode="M, H, UFACPZ" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" location="Bacia do Rio Purus" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Acre">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,728,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Additional specimens examined (
|
||
<typeStatus box="[588,715,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[757,861,230,256]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[872,931,230,256]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[943,1124,230,256]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Manoel Urbano</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1137,1447,230,257]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Parque Estadual Chandless</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F05D401F9B7FEC6B374FEB1" box="[136,354,266,293]" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" name="Bacia do Rio Purus" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Acre">Bacia do Rio Purus</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F05D401F853FEC6B006FEB0" box="[364,528,266,292]" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" name="Rio Chandless" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Acre">Rio Chandless</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F05D401FB24FEC6B156FEB0" box="[539,832,266,292]" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" name="Floresta Ombrofila Aberta" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Acre">Floresta Ombrófila Aberta</location>
|
||
com bambu e palmeiras,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1116,1272,266,293]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="22" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" precision="1" seconds="24.5" value="-9.373472">09°22’24.5”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1283,1447,266,293]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" precision="1" seconds="22.3" value="-69.92286">69°55’22.3”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[136,312,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2021-03-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[136,312,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2021-03-28">28 March 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, fr.,
|
||
<emphasis box="[362,635,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[362,389,303,328]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[393,417,303,328]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F05D401F893FEE2B01FFEDC" box="[428,521,302,328]" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" name="Oliveira" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Acre">Oliveira</location>
|
||
et al. 232
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[650,757,302,328]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aeyb-cbcn" name="Universidade Federal do Acre/Parque Zoobotânico" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">UFACPZ</collectionCode>
|
||
[dried + in spirit]);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-03-16" collectingDateMax="2021-03-28" collectingDateMin="2021-03-16" collectionCode="M, H, UFACPZ" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" location="Bacia do Rio Purus" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Acre">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D42349620F01D401F9B7FD38B361F9E8:5955AEAF0F05D401FAE7FEE2B63CFEDC" box="[984,1066,302,328]" country="Brazil" county="Manoel Urbano" latitude="-9.397555" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-69.916336" municipality="Parque Estadual Chandless" name="Ibidem" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" stateProvince="Acre">Ibidem</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1079,1235,302,329]" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" precision="1" seconds="51.2" value="-9.397555">09°23’51.2”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1247,1411,302,329]" degrees="69" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" precision="1" seconds="58.8" value="-69.916336">69°54’58.8”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2021-03-16">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2021-03-16">16 March 2021</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, fr.
|
||
<emphasis box="[317,587,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[317,344,339,364]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[348,372,339,364]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
|
||
. Oliveira et al. 236
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[601,708,338,364]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/aeyb-cbcn" name="Universidade Federal do Acre/Parque Zoobotânico" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="Herbarium">UFACPZ</collectionCode>
|
||
[dried + in spirit])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,518,374,400]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[518,722,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,722,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from three localities, collected in permanent plots the Program for Biodiversity Research (PPBio), implemented in the Parque Estadual Chandless (PE Chandless) (see
|
||
<figureCitation box="[136,232,446,473]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[136,229,1637,1659]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,317,1608]" captionTargetId="figure-80@11.[151,1436,317,1612]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution map. A. Distribution of T. calcarata and T. variabilis. B. Delimitation of the Parque Estadual Chandless, Manoel Urbano, Acre, Brazil. C. Delimitation of the Reserva Florestal Humaitá, Porto Acre, Acre, Brazil (satellite images by Google sattelite obtained in 2022)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7744402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7744402/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Figure 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A-B). The individuals were found growing amongst leaf litter, under shade in Open Ombrophilous Forest with a predominance of bamboo and palm trees. Created by Decree 10.670 of
|
||
<date box="[1037,1167,482,508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" value="2004-09-02">02/09/2004</date>
|
||
, the PE Chandless is the second largest protected area of the State of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[640,694,518,544]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
with 695.3 thousand ha., bordered in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1127,1195,518,544]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
by the Alto Purus and Mamoadate Indigenous Lands and by the Cazumbá-Iracema Extractive Reserve (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEMAPI" box="[1039,1211,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refId="ref7519" refString="SEMAPI (2022) Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual Chandless: Encarte 3 - Analise da UC, vol. 3. Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e das Politicas Indigenas, Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente, Rio Branco, 240 pp." type="book" year="2022">SEMAPI 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the international border with
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[271,325,591,617]" name="Peru" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the PE Chandless is bordered by the State Reserve for Isolated Indigenous Peoples of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1287,1451,590,616]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
|
||
and the Murunahua Territorial Reserve in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[638,812,626,652]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Ucayali Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="SEMAPI" box="[825,996,626,652]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refId="ref7519" refString="SEMAPI (2022) Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual Chandless: Encarte 3 - Analise da UC, vol. 3. Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente e das Politicas Indigenas, Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente, Rio Branco, 240 pp." type="book" year="2022">SEMAPI 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).According to the K̂ppen classification, the predominant climate is Af, with an average annual temperature between 22º to 24 ºC and annual rainfall between 1900–
|
||
<quantity box="[205,320,698,725]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.200 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alvares, C. A. & Stape, J. L. & Sentelhas, P. C. & Goncalves, J. D. M. & Sparovek, G." box="[334,554,698,724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="711 - 728" refId="ref6487" refString="Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Goncalves, J. D. M. & Sparovek, G. (2013) K ˆ ppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22: 711 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / 0941 - 2948 / 2013 / 0507" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Alvares
|
||
<emphasis box="[430,486,698,724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,435,734,760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[463,666,734,760]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,666,734,760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from three localities collected in the PE Chandless. The PE Chandless consist an important conservation unit for the southwestern portion of the Amazon, and together with the other units it has been acting as a barrier against the advance of deforestation and fires, which permeate the loss of native forest cover and its transformation into agricultural activities (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fearnside, P. M." box="[909,1086,842,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="680 - 688" refId="ref6756" refString="Fearnside, P. M. (2005) Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: history, rates, and consequences. Conservation Biology 19: 680 - 688. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1523 - 1739.2005.00697. x" type="journal article" year="2005">Fearnside 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, S. S. de & Bordignon, L. & Melo, A. W. F. de & Oliveira, I." box="[1098,1286,842,868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref7764" refString="Silva, S. S. de, Bordignon, L., Melo, A. W. F. de & Oliveira, I. (2021) Unidades de Conservac " o no Acre: tendencia de desmatamento e queimadas. In: Franco, A. de O. & Bento, V. R. da S. (Eds.) Areas Naturais Protegidas Brasileiras: Gestao, Desafios, Conceitos e Reflexles, vol. 1. Ed. Inovar, Campo Grande, pp. 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.36926 / editorainovar- 978 - 65 - 80476 - 57 - 2" type="book chapter" year="2021">
|
||
Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[1163,1219,842,868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva, S. S. de & Bordignon, L. & Melo, A. W. F. de & Oliveira, I." box="[136,343,878,904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref7764" refString="Silva, S. S. de, Bordignon, L., Melo, A. W. F. de & Oliveira, I. (2021) Unidades de Conservac " o no Acre: tendencia de desmatamento e queimadas. In: Franco, A. de O. & Bento, V. R. da S. (Eds.) Areas Naturais Protegidas Brasileiras: Gestao, Desafios, Conceitos e Reflexles, vol. 1. Ed. Inovar, Campo Grande, pp. 33 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.36926 / editorainovar- 978 - 65 - 80476 - 57 - 2" type="book chapter" year="2021">
|
||
Silva
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,259,878,904]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2021)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, among the threats to the conservation units in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[879,933,878,904]" country="Brazil" name="Acre" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
are the weakening of public policies, directly impacting the environmental protection agencies and making it impossible to effectively monitor practices such as deforestation, biopiracy, and hunting, among others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
Although the PE Chandless does not present imminent activities that could compromise the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">T. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only 6 individuals are known and with restricted distribution less than 5 localities. From these set of records, it was possible to estimated the EOO at 1,
|
||
<quantity box="[605,681,1058,1084]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[680,688,1058,1072]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">2</superScript>
|
||
and AOO estimated at 12 Km
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[1031,1039,1058,1072]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">2</superScript>
|
||
. Therefore is assigned a preliminary conservations status for Vulnerable (VU) by meeting the criteria D1+2, according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[277,414,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refId="ref6884" refString="IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd ed .. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" box="[425,486,1130,1156]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" refId="ref6921" refString="IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15.1. Prepared by IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / (accessed 18 January 2023)." type="url" year="2022">2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="274" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,485,1166,1192]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Morphological affinities:</emphasis>
|
||
—According to the classification of Mass
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1008,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1986),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[1101,1304,1166,1192]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1101,1304,1166,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1431,1452,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">T.</emphasis>
|
||
subg.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="sect. Ophiomeris" box="[202,530,1202,1229]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Ophiomeris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Ophiomeris">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,334,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
|
||
sect.
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,530,1202,1228]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Ophiomeris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This group comprises species with great morphological variation in the symmetry and indumentum of the floral tube, shape of the tepals and ornamentation of the annulus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,158,1660]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[189,396,1274,1300]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,396,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Thismia calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Standley 1927: 163) Jonker (1938: 234)" authorityName="Jonker" authorityPageNumber="234" authorityYear="1938" baseAuthorityName="Standley" baseAuthorityPageNumber="163" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[744,1382,1274,1300]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panamensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[744,906,1275,1300]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">T. panamensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Standley, P. C." box="[923,1147,1274,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="159 - 171" refId="ref8088" refString="Standley, P. C. (1927) New plants from Central America VII. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 17: 159 - 171." type="journal article" year="1927">Standley 1927: 163</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jonker, F. P." box="[1165,1382,1274,1300]" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" pagination="1 - 279" refId="ref6966" refString="Jonker, F. P. (1938) A monograph of the Burmanniaceae. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 51: 1 - 279." type="journal article" year="1938">Jonker (1938: 234)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
when compared to the external morphology, but differs by to floral tube with the gibbous part resembling a spur (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1364,1395,1311,1336]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
spur absent), outer tepals reflexed to patent, obovate, concave, margin lacerate, slightly dentate to ciliate (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1282,1312,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
outer tepals reflexed, ovate to broadly ovate, plane to little concave, margin entire), inner tepals erect with base narrowly triangular (
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,176,1419,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
inner tepals reflexed with base ovate), annulus hexagonal, surrounded by two rings, colliculate on both surfaces (
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,176,1455,1480]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
annulus hexagonal to circular, surrounded by three rings, inner surface pilose), connective dilated, 2-lobed at the upper ca. 0.8 long, triangular to deltoid and 2-lobed at the lower ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[898,984,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, inconspicuous lobes, auriculate (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1421,1451,1491,1516]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
conective dilated, 2-lobed at the upper ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[595,679,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, triangular and 2-lobed at the lower ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[1163,1247,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, conspicuous lobes, filiform), interstaminal lobes absent (
|
||
<emphasis box="[636,666,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
interstaminal lobes present) and stigma with lobes inconspicuos (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1421,1451,1563,1588]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
stigma with lobes conspicuos). For a detailed comparison of morphological characters among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="D. F. Silva, Honorio & J. M. A. Braga" authorityYear="2023" box="[1187,1321,1598,1624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Burmanniaceae" genus="Thismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="5" pageNumber="274" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="calcarata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1187,1321,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="274">T. calcarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and related species (see
|
||
<tableCitation box="[275,357,1634,1660]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[129,209,503,527]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphological differences between Thismia calcarata, Thismia variabilis and related species. The terminology has been adapted from protologues and Mass et al. (1986)." pageId="5" pageNumber="274">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |