199 lines
24 KiB
XML
199 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3725717" ID-GBIF-Dataset="309b7d1b-0d42-4503-be63-fd13a9b29045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3725717" approvalRequired="3" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="2" checkinTime="1585056864201" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Currie, Philip J." docDate="2003" docId="B97187EFFFFC4A2FFFAEF9307A99F9A4" docLanguage="en" docName="Currie2003.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Palaeontologica Polonica 48 (2)" docSource="https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-191.pdf" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Daspletosaurus" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="4548FF97FFE24A31FFC8FFC37E63FFD2" masterDocTitle="Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada" masterLastPageNumber="226" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="221" updateTime="1649756692468" updateUser="jeremy">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Cranial anatomy of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Currie, Philip J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2003</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
|
<mods:number>2003-12-31</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>48</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
|
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>191</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>226</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>https://www.app.pan.pl/archive/published/app48/app48-191.pdf</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3725717</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">309b7d1b-0d42-4503-be63-fd13a9b29045</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3725717</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728577" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190303020" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3728577" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B97187EFFFFC4A2FFFAEF9307A99F9A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B97187EFFFFC4A2FFFAEF9307A99F9A4" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">
|
|
<subSubSection box="[102,285,1779,1804]" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="30.[102,775,1779,2026]" box="[102,285,1779,1804]" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[102,281,1779,1804]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" box="[102,281,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="30.[102,775,1779,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">
|
|
—
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Russell, 1970" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[316,748,1779,1803]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis box="[316,583,1779,1803]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus torosus</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[592,748,1779,1803]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontol - ogy" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref26283" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is known from the holotype skull and skeleton collected from the Oldman Formation of Dinosaur Park. Another specimen (TMP 2001.36.1) has been collected from the same formation some 250kilometers southeast of Dinosaur Park on the Milk River.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph blockId="30.[102,775,1779,2026]" lastBlockId="30.[812,1486,232,1655]" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">
|
|
The type specimen of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[399,667,1970,1994]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis box="[399,667,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus torosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was collected from the Oldman Formation, which is the lower of the two terrestrial formations exposed in Dinosaur Provincial Park (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Eberth, D. A. & Currie, P. J. & Brinkman, D. B. & Ryan, M. J. & Braman, D. R. & Gardner, J. D. & Lam, V. D. & Spivak, D. N. & Neuman, A. G." box="[877,1079,264,288]" journalOrPublisher="Museum of the Rockies, Occasional Paper" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="49 - 75" part="3" refId="ref24872" refString="Eberth, D. A., Currie, P. J., Brinkman, D. B., Ryan, M. J., Braman, D. R., Gardner, J. D., Lam, V. D., Spivak, D. N., and Neuman, A. G. 2001. Alberta's Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton Groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian). Museum of the Rockies, Occasional Paper 3: 49 - 75." title="Alberta's Dinosaurs and other fossil vertebrates: Judith River and Edmonton Groups (Campanian-Maastrichtian)" type="journal article" year="2001">Eberth et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Additional skulls with skeletons of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[812,988,296,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,988,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<tableCitation box="[1004,1089,296,320]" captionStart="Table1" captionStartId="31.[102,157,231,253]" captionTargetBox="[110,1496,313,1758]" captionTargetId="graphics@31.[102,1485,300,1760]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Table1. List of articulated andassociated tyrannosaurid skeletons fromAlberta,Canada.Abbreviations:DP, Dinosaur Park Formation; DPP, Dinosaur Provincial Park and region; HC, Horseshoe Canyon Formation; Q, quarry number; Sc, Scollard Formation; WC, Willow Creek Formation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65A76671FFFD4A2EFFAEFF247BABFEC8" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" tableUuid="65A76671FFFD4A2EFFAEFF247BABFEC8">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
|
) been recovered from the younger Dinosaur Park Formation in southern Alberta, and a skull (MOR 590) has been found in Montana. A specimen (NMC 11315) from the Horseshoe Canyon formation that was tentatively assigned to this genus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1163,1311,423,448]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontol - ogy" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref26283" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) is now known to be
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[880,1039,455,479]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[880,1039,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Albertosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Based on cranial morphology (Currie and Bakker in preparation), the Dinosaur Park Formation specimens seem to represent a distinct species from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" box="[812,1079,551,575]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,1079,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus torosus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Furthermore, MOR 590is distinct from both in having a relatively tall, triangular lacrimal horn and seems to represent a distinct species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Horner, J. R. & Varricchio, D. J. & Goodwin, M. B." box="[1267,1472,614,638]" journalOrPublisher="Nature" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="59 - 61" part="358" refId="ref25101" refString="Horner, J. R., Varricchio, D. J., and Goodwin, M. B. 1992. Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs. Nature 358: 59 - 61." title="Marine transgressions and the evolution of Cretaceous dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="1992">Horner et al. 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Finally, the specimen described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Lehman, T. M. & K. Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="1026 - 1032" part="64" refId="ref25541" refString="Lehman, T. M. and K. Carpenter. 1990. A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 64: 1026 - 1032." title="A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1990">Lehman and Carpenter (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
as “
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[938,1070,678,702]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[938,1070,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Aublysodon</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
” may represent another undescribed species of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[940,1111,710,734]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
|
|
based on differences in cranial morphology (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Carr, T. D. & Williamson, T. E." box="[963,1265,742,766]" journalOrPublisher="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="113 - 145" part="17" refId="ref24238" refString="Carr, T. D. and Williamson, T. E. 2000. A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 17: 113 - 145." title="A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico" type="journal article" year="2000">Carr and Williamson 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The fact that three or more distinct forms of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1099,1275,773,797]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1099,1275,773,797]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be recognized justifies the separation of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1124,1300,805,829]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1124,1300,805,829]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
at the generic level. Although there has been a tendency to consider
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1014,1190,869,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1014,1190,869,893]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a sister taxon of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hurum and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[922,1092,901,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[922,1092,901,924]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, there has been no justification to assume this is true without a full phylogenetic analysis of these animals. The analysis of
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Hurum, J. H. & Sabath, K." box="[1163,1381,964,988]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="227 - 234" part="48" refId="ref24670" refString="Currie, P. J., Hurum, J. H., and Sabath, K. 2003. Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 227 - 234." title="Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Currie et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
suggests that
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hurum and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[866,1009,996,1020]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[866,1009,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is the sister taxon of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1281,1457,996,1020]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1281,1457,996,1020]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
+
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[812,982,1029,1052]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,982,1029,1052]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, although the relationship is assumed on the basis of relatively few characters. Furthermore, the geographic and stratigraphic occurrences of these animals suggest the most parsimonious
|
|
<emphasis box="[1146,1237,1124,1147]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">a priori</emphasis>
|
|
interpretation is that
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[812,988,1155,1179]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,988,1155,1179]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1067,1237,1156,1179]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1067,1237,1156,1179]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are probably more closely related to each other than either is to
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hurum and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1314,1457,1187,1211]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1314,1457,1187,1211]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph blockId="30.[812,1486,232,1655]" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[850,1022,1221,1245]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[850,1022,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
shares many derived characters with other tyrannosaurines. It can be distinguished most easily from mature specimens of
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hurum and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1010,1151,1284,1308]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1010,1151,1284,1308]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1202,1369,1285,1308]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1202,1369,1285,1308]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by its lack of a suborbital process on the postorbitals (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Currie, P. J. & Hurum, J. H. & Sabath, K." box="[1278,1473,1316,1340]" journalOrPublisher="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="227 - 234" part="48" refId="ref24670" refString="Currie, P. J., Hurum, J. H., and Sabath, K. 2003. Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 227 - 234." title="Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs" type="journal article" year="2003">Currie et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Contrary to published reports (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Russell, D. A." box="[1148,1295,1347,1371]" journalOrPublisher="National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontol - ogy" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 34" part="1" refId="ref26283" refString="Russell, D. A. 1970. Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada. National Museum of Natural Sciences, Publications in Palaeontology 1: 1 - 34." title="Tyrannosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of western Canada" type="journal article" year="1970">Russell 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Holtz, T. R." box="[1306,1433,1347,1371]" editor="D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="64 - 83" refId="ref25053" refString="Holtz, T. R. 2001. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae. In: D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, 64 - 83. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis." title="The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mesozoic Vertebrate Life" year="2001">Holtz 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), the premaxilla and nasal contact each other beneath the external naris.
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Holtz, T. R." box="[878,1019,1410,1434]" editor="D. H. Tanke & K. Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" pagination="64 - 83" refId="ref25053" refString="Holtz, T. R. 2001. The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae. In: D. H. Tanke and K. Carpenter (eds.), Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, 64 - 83. Indiana University Press, Bloomington & Indianapolis." title="The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Mesozoic Vertebrate Life" year="2001">Holtz (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
also characterized
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1228,1400,1410,1434]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1228,1400,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
as having intergrowth between the premaxillae. However, coossification of the premaxillae in
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[1110,1282,1473,1497]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1110,1282,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is limited to only a single specimen (NMC 8506) of more than ten known individuals. The postorbital region of the skull is laterally expanded in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bakker et al." authorityYear="1988" box="[812,968,1568,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Nanotyrannus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,968,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Nanotyrannus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1040,1206,1568,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1040,1206,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tyrannosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but like
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hurum and Currie" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[1338,1478,1567,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tarbosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[1338,1478,1567,1591]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Tarbosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Russell" baseAuthorityYear="1970" box="[812,984,1599,1623]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="30" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis box="[812,984,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="221">Daspletosaurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is intermediate in the degree of expansion between these genera and albertosaurines.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |