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<document id="849CCBB0867BE79F11C295DA86422ED8" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.529.1.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a0ed3992-3ea9-4851-805d-8ecef18ef211" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814330" checkinTime="1641193400973" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ibarra-Morales, Ariadna" docDate="2021" docId="B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.529.1.7.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 529 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.4:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anthoceros subtilis Stephani (1916: 1003" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="457AFFECFF93FFF1820D0D3CD938BE1C" masterDocTitle="Anthoceros subtilis and A. telaganus (Anthocerotaceae): two new records for America from the hornwort flora of Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1686306352704" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="4A144F6FC61B5E1C553F7ED146BB4890">Anthoceros subtilis and A. telaganus (Anthocerotaceae): two new records for America from the hornwort flora of Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C20F221C6ECBC245E6D895ADA16D05AC">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814334" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191863061" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814334" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
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<paragraph id="31553682FF92FFF082850A88DA37B9D2" blockId="1.[136,783,1972,1999]" box="[136,783,1972,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<heading id="6A1D81EEFF92FFF082850A88DA37B9D2" box="[136,783,1972,1999]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" reason="3">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="11FA11ACFF92FFF082850A88DA37B9D2" box="[136,783,1972,1999]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<treatmentCitation id="B04B1093FF92FFF082850A88DB52B9D2" author="Stephani, F." box="[136,618,1972,1999]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" year="1916">
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF92FFF082850A88DB52B9D2" ID-CoL="67C9K" ID-ENA="1604841" authority="Stephani (1916: 1003)" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityPageNumber="1003" authorityYear="1003" box="[136,618,1972,1999]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF92FFF082850A88D85DB9D3" bold="true" box="[136,357,1972,1999]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Anthoceros subtilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF92FFF083600A88DB52B9D2" author="Stephani, F." box="[365,618,1972,1998]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" pagination="991 - 1008" refId="ref7648" refString="Stephani, F. (1916) Species Hepaticarum Vol. V. Geneve, 991 - 1008." type="book chapter" year="1916">Stephani (1916: 1003)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<figureCitation id="A9D12A07FF92FFF080780A88DB81B9D2" box="[629,697,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1756,1778]" captionTargetBox="[189,1407,221,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-39@2.[151,1435,190,1732]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Anthoceros subtilis. A. Whole plants. B. Antheridia with tiered jacket cell arrangement. C. Thallus transverse section with schizogenous (Sc) cavities and Nostoc colonies (Nos).D. Dorsal surface cells with chloroplasts displaying central pyrenoids. E. Sporophyte transverse section with epidermal layer (ep), assimilative layer (as) and spores (sp). F. Epidermal layer of capsule with stomata. G. Spore ornamentation on distal surface (i), proximal surface (ii) and pseudoelaters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814336/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A9D12A07FF92FFF080C80A88DA33B9D2" box="[709,779,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-92@3.[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of spores of Anthoceros subtilis and A. aff sambesianus. A–B. Anthoceros subtilis (from A. Ibarra-Morales 2019-14b) C-D. Anthoceros aff sambesianus (from A. Ibarra-Morales 19b). A &amp; C distal surface, B &amp; D proximal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814338/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">3A–B</figureCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F06509FF92FFF282850AE0DDAAB993" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="31553682FF92FFF082850AE0DD59B9EE" blockId="1.[136,1121,2012,2070]" box="[136,1121,2012,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<materialsCitation id="81823CDFFF92FFF082850AE0DD65B9EE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426245302" ID-GBIF-Specimen="1144566223" box="[136,1117,2012,2034]" collectingDate="1907-08" collectionCode="R" country="India" county="Mangalore" httpUri="https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1144566223" location="Type" municipality="South Canara" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="34356059FF92FFF082850AE0D982B9ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04:34356059FF92FFF082850AE0D982B9ED" box="[136,186,2012,2033]" country="India" county="Mangalore" municipality="South Canara" name="Type" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Type</location>
:—
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF92FFF082DA0AE0D826B9ED" box="[215,286,2012,2033]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">INDIA</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingMunicipality id="D131ACF8FF92FFF0832B0AE0D892B9ED" box="[294,426,2012,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">South Canara</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="D8344E0EFF92FFF083B90AE0DB26B9EE" box="[436,542,2012,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">Mangalore</collectingCounty>
,
<date id="45541042FF92FFF0802A0AE0DB9CB9ED" box="[551,676,2012,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" value="1907-08">
<collectingDate id="5510E9AAFF92FFF0802A0AE0DB9CB9ED" box="[551,676,2012,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" value="1907-08">August 1907</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF92FFF080A30AE0DA67B9ED" box="[686,863,2012,2033]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
<collectionCode id="57FBAE47FF92FFF080A30AE0DB87B9ED" box="[686,703,2012,2033]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">R</collectionCode>
. Pfleiderer 6127
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="EE518820FF92FFF081610AE0DAFAB9EE" box="[876,962,2012,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">holotype</typeStatus>
G-G00060882)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF92FFF08285053CDA8FB60A" blockId="1.[136,1121,2012,2070]" box="[136,951,2048,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">
For synonyms see
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF92FFF08336053CD8DEB60A" author="Hasegawa, J." box="[315,486,2048,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" pagination="173 - 177" refId="ref6026" refString="Hasegawa, J. (1998) Taxonomic status of Anthoceros subbrevis Haseg. and taxonomy of its allied taxa. Bryological Research 7 (6): 173 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.24474 / bryologicalresearch. 7.6 _ 173" type="journal article" year="1998">Hasegawa (1998)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF92FFF083FD053CDB94B60A" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." box="[496,684,2048,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF92FFF080D7053CDA8BB60A" author="Villarreal, J. C. &amp; Cargill, D. C. &amp; Soderstrom, L. &amp; Hagborg, A. &amp; von Konrat, M." box="[730,947,2048,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="94" pagination="92 - 96" refId="ref8144" refString="Villarreal, J. C., Cargill, D. C., Soderstrom, L., Hagborg, A., von Konrat, M. (2015) Notes on early land plants today. 70. Nomenclatural notes in hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). Phytotaxa 208 (1): 92 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 208.1.9" type="journal article" year="2015">
Villarreal
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF92FFF08137053CDA5CB609" box="[826,868,2048,2069]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="94">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6595660AFF91FFF382850BE0DA64B942" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814336" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814336" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" startId="2.[136,229,1756,1778]" targetBox="[189,1407,221,1720]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="31553682FF91FFF382850BE0DA64B942" blockId="2.[136,1452,1756,1886]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF91FFF382850BE0D9C7B8ED" bold="true" box="[136,255,1756,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF91FFF3830B0BE0D887B8ED" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[262,447,1756,1777]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF91FFF3830B0BE0D887B8ED" box="[262,447,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Anthoceros subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A. Whole plants. B. Antheridia with tiered jacket cell arrangement. C. Thallus transverse section with schizogenous (Sc) cavities and
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF91FFF383A20A3DD8CAB90A" authorityName="Vaucher" authorityYear="1888" box="[431,498,1793,1814]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF91FFF383A20A3DD8CAB90A" box="[431,498,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">Nostoc</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies (Nos). D. Dorsal surface cells with chloroplasts displaying central pyrenoids. E. Sporophyte transverse section with epidermal layer (ep), assimilative layer (as) and spores (sp). F. Epidermal layer of capsule with stomata. G. Spore ornamentation on distal surface (i), proximal surface (ii) and pseudoelaters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="31553682FF91FFF282850AB0DBC3BF54" blockId="2.[136,1452,1932,2067]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="2" pageNumber="95">
Monoicous. Plants growing on soil in rosettes. Thallus light to dark green, up to
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in length and
<quantity id="F6129B67FF91FFF386E30AB0DC7BB9BB" box="[1262,1347,1932,1959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in width. Dorsal lamellae absent or scarce. Margins of thallus highly crenulate. Thallus up to 22 cells thick in solid regions (106– 599 μm), cavernous, schizogenous cavities 75–150 × 115–155 μm, 1–3 layers of schizogenous cavities in transverse section. Single chloroplast per cell with central pyrenoid. Rhizoids hyaline to brown; unbranched. Ventral spheric
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF282850DA3D9EEBEA4" authorityName="Vaucher" authorityYear="1888" box="[136,214,159,184]" class="Cyanophyceae" family="Nostocaceae" genus="Nostoc" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Nostocales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Cyanobacteria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF282850DA3D9EEBEA4" box="[136,214,159,184]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Nostoc</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
colonies abundant. Antheridia scattered. Antheridial chamber with up to 15 antheridia per cavity, antheridia yellowish to dark brown, 102–125 μm μm in length, with four-tiered jacket cell arrangement. Archegonia scattered, with five neck cells covered by mucilage. Involucres erect, cylindrical, up to
<quantity id="F6129B67FF90FFF281D10DDADD09BF1D" box="[988,1073,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
long, with smooth surface or with very few lamellae, 3–6 cells thick in solid regions (28–159 μm), cavernous, schizogenous cavities 15–30 × 22–47 μm, one layer of schizogenous cavities in transverse section.
</paragraph>
<caption id="6595660AFF90FFF282850828D871BB6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814338" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5814338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814338/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" startId="3.[136,229,1300,1322]" targetBox="[182,1406,353,1275]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="31553682FF90FFF282850828D871BB6E" blockId="3.[136,1452,1300,1394]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF282850828D9C5BB35" bold="true" box="[136,253,1300,1322]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of spores of
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF2816E0828DD22BB35" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[867,1050,1300,1321]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF2816E0828DD22BB35" box="[867,1050,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Anthoceros subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF286450828DD65BB35" box="[1096,1117,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">A.</emphasis>
aff
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF2868C0828DDC4BB35" box="[1153,1276,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">sambesianus</emphasis>
. A–B.
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF287320828D9F5BB51" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF287320828D9F5BB51" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Anthoceros subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(from
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF2831F0804DB1FBB51" box="[274,551,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">A. Ibarra-Morales 2019-14b</emphasis>
) C-D.
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF280660804DBEFBB51" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1139" box="[619,727,1336,1357]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF280660804DBEFBB51" box="[619,727,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Anthoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aff
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF280F20804DA42BB51" box="[767,890,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">sambesianus</emphasis>
(from
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF281B30804DDA3BB51" box="[958,1179,1336,1357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">A. Ibarra-Morales 19b</emphasis>
). A &amp; C distal surface, B &amp; D proximal surface.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="31553682FF90FFF282B0089DDD42B95A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1440,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
Up to three sporophytes per plant. Sporophyte foot with a layer of palisade-like cells. Capsules erect, up to
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long, opening by two longitudinal valves. Epidermal layer of capsule one cell thick in transverse section. Epidermal cells of capsule rectangular, elongated, 7.5–19 × 37–85 μm and thick-walled, stomata abundant (17 per mm
<superScript id="C69F9BCAFF90FFF2873808D4DC05BBEA" attach="left" box="[1333,1341,1512,1526]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">2</superScript>
), stomata 24–40 × 42–58 μm. Assimilative layer 4–5 cells (26.4–95.8 μm) thick in transverse section. Columella present within the sporophyte, extending to the tip, rigid and brown, 16 cells in cross section. Sporogenous layer one spore tetrad thick. Pseudoelaters short, thin-walled, light brown to dark brown at maturity, 42.8–81.6 μm long (65.1±26.9, n=22), 3.9–33.4 μm in width, and 1–5 cells at maturity. Spores light brown to brown at maturity, 26.6–42.1 μm (34.9±3.5, n=31) in equatorial diameter. Distal spore surface with numerous papillate to tuberculate projections, up to 3 μm in height and 2.2 μm in width, sometimes confluent at their bases. Proximal spore surface with a distinct trilete mark, 0.89–1.5 μm in width, irregularly covered with verrucae; triangular areas covered with numerous papillate to tuberculate projections, up to 2.8 μm in height and 2.5 μm in width, sometimes confluent at their bases. The entire spore surface is covered with minute papillae, up to 0.8 μm in height and 0.4 μm in width.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF90FFF282B00A6CDDAAB993" blockId="3.[136,1452,1440,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF282B00A6CD81BB976" bold="true" box="[189,291,1872,1898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Habitat:</emphasis>
—Growing on the sides of roads and around coffee plantations in tropical montane cloud forest, with other hornworts such as
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF283970A49DA18B993" authority="Stephani (1916: 1005)" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityPageNumber="1005" authorityYear="1005" box="[410,800,1908,1935]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="telaganus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF283970A49DB1EB992" box="[410,550,1908,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">A. telaganus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF280200A48DA18B993" author="Stephani, F." box="[557,800,1908,1935]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="991 - 1008" refId="ref7648" refString="Stephani, F. (1916) Species Hepaticarum Vol. V. Geneve, 991 - 1008." type="book chapter" year="1916">Stephani (1916:1005)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF90FFF2815A0A48DD3AB993" box="[855,1026,1908,1935]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Notothyladaceae" genus="Phaeoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Notothyladales" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF2815A0A48DAE2B992" box="[855,986,1908,1934]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Phaeoceros</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, ca.
<quantity id="F6129B67FF90FFF2863B0A49DDB6B993" box="[1078,1166,1909,1935]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F06509FF90FFF582B00AA4DBF8BC90" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="31553682FF90FFF282B00AA4D9DDB9E6" blockId="3.[136,1452,1440,2042]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF282B00AA4D877B9AE" bold="true" box="[189,335,1944,1970]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Distribution</emphasis>
:—
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF2837F0AA4D881B9AE" box="[370,441,1944,1970]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF283C70AA4DBC9B9AE" box="[458,753,1944,1970]" name="Central African Republic" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF2810C0AA4DA05B9AE" box="[769,829,1944,1970]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF281430AA5DAA9B9AF" box="[846,913,1945,1971]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Japan</collectingCountry>
, Korean Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF2868D0AA4DDFEB9AE" box="[1152,1222,1944,1970]" name="Nepal" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF286DB0AA4DC04B9AE" box="[1238,1340,1944,1970]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Thailand</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF287400AA4DC94B9AE" box="[1357,1452,1944,1970]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF2829D0A80D8EFB9CB" author="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C." box="[144,471,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref4458" refString="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C. (1991) Indian hornworts (A taxonomic study). Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 42: 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1991">Asthana &amp; Srivastava 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF283E50A81DB9AB9CB" author="Hasegawa, J." box="[488,674,1981,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="173 - 177" refId="ref6026" refString="Hasegawa, J. (1998) Taxonomic status of Anthoceros subbrevis Haseg. and taxonomy of its allied taxa. Bryological Research 7 (6): 173 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.24474 / bryologicalresearch. 7.6 _ 173" type="journal article" year="1998">Hasegawa 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF280BE0A81DAB6B9CB" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." box="[691,910,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu 2013</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF281930A80DDA0B9CB" author="Villarreal, J. C. &amp; Cargill, D. C. &amp; Soderstrom, L. &amp; Hagborg, A. &amp; von Konrat, M." box="[926,1176,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="92 - 96" refId="ref8144" refString="Villarreal, J. C., Cargill, D. C., Soderstrom, L., Hagborg, A., von Konrat, M. (2015) Notes on early land plants today. 70. Nomenclatural notes in hornworts (Anthocerotophyta). Phytotaxa 208 (1): 92 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 208.1.9" type="journal article" year="2015">
Villarreal
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF286190A81DD72B9CA" box="[1044,1098,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF90FFF286A40A80DC56B9CB" author="Choi, S. S. &amp; Bakalin, V. &amp; Park, S. J." box="[1193,1390,1980,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="96" pagination="131 - 226" refId="ref4783" refString="Choi, S. S., Bakalin, V. &amp; Park, S. J. (2021) Integrating continental mainland and islands in temperate East Asia: liverworts and hornworts of the Korean Peninsula. PhytoKeys 176: 131 - 226. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / phytokeys. 176.56874" type="journal article" year="2021">
Choi
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF90FFF286E10A81DC1AB9CA" box="[1260,1314,1980,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">et al</emphasis>
. 2021
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF90FFF282850ADCD9D9B9E6" box="[136,225,2016,2042]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="96">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF97FFF582B00DA2DAF0BF8C" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF582B00DA2DB21BEA4" bold="true" box="[189,537,158,184]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Affinities and differentiation</emphasis>
:—Mexican populations of
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5815A0DA3DAF2BEA4" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[855,970,158,185]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5815A0DA3DAF2BEA4" box="[855,970,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterized by small, brown spores (26.6–42.1 μm), with papillate to tuberculate projections covering both proximal and distal surfaces. Within Mexican taxa,
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF582C50DDBD9D8BF1D" box="[200,224,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A.</emphasis>
aff
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5831E0DDAD89ABF1C" box="[275,418,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">sambesianus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF583A10DDADBA7BF1D" author="Stephani, F." box="[428,671,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="991 - 1008" refId="ref7648" refString="Stephani, F. (1916) Species Hepaticarum Vol. V. Geneve, 991 - 1008." type="book chapter" year="1916">Stephani (1916: 996)</bibRefCitation>
shares with
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF581390DDBDA9FBF1C" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[820,935,230,257]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF581390DDBDA9FBF1C" box="[820,935,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the small sized plants (
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF586B10DDAD9FCBF39" author="Ibarra-Morales, A. &amp; Muniz, M. E. &amp; Valencia, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="215 - 228" refId="ref6240" refString="Ibarra-Morales, A., Muniz, M. E. &amp; Valencia, S. (2015): The genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in Central Mexico. Phytotaxa 205 (4): 215 - 228. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 205.4.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ibarra-Morales
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5877D0DDBDC9DBF1C" box="[1392,1445,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), up to
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF583180C37D86DBF39" box="[277,341,267,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
in diameter in
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF583F60C37DB34BF39" box="[507,524,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A</emphasis>
. aff
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF580330C36DBF5BF38" box="[574,717,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">sambesianus</emphasis>
and up to
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF5814D0C36DAADBF39" box="[832,917,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF5863F0C36DDBFBF39" box="[1074,1159,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
in width in
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF587060C37DC42BF38" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[1291,1402,266,293]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF587060C37DC42BF38" box="[1291,1402,266,293]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but can be differentiated by spore ornamentation pattern.
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF580E40C12DA5FBF54" authorityName="Linnaeus (1753:" authorityYear="1139" box="[745,871,302,328]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF580E40C12DA5FBF54" box="[745,871,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Anthoceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
aff
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5819B0C12DD1DBF54" box="[918,1061,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">sambesianus</emphasis>
possess a low reticulated network with foramens and central sub-globose tubercles in triangular areas of proximal face (
<figureCitation id="A9D12A07FF97FFF5866E0C6EDD9EBF70" box="[1123,1190,338,364]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-92@3.[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of spores of Anthoceros subtilis and A. aff sambesianus. A–B. Anthoceros subtilis (from A. Ibarra-Morales 2019-14b) C-D. Anthoceros aff sambesianus (from A. Ibarra-Morales 19b). A &amp; C distal surface, B &amp; D proximal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814338/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C-D), while
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF587340C6FDC93BF70" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[1337,1451,338,365]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF587340C6FDC93BF70" box="[1337,1451,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
presents irregular tuberculate projections and minute papillae (
<figureCitation id="A9D12A07FF97FFF581480C4ADABFBF8C" box="[837,903,374,400]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1300,1322]" captionTargetBox="[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetId="figure-92@3.[182,1406,353,1275]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of spores of Anthoceros subtilis and A. aff sambesianus. A–B. Anthoceros subtilis (from A. Ibarra-Morales 2019-14b) C-D. Anthoceros aff sambesianus (from A. Ibarra-Morales 19b). A &amp; C distal surface, B &amp; D proximal surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5814338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5814338/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A-B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF97FFF582B00CA6D9E9BC58" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF583550CA7DB0DBFA8" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." box="[344,565,410,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5804C0CA7DB8ABFA8" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[577,690,410,437]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5804C0CA7DB8ABFA8" box="[577,690,410,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5813D0CA7DD8DBFA8" authority="Stephani (1916: 1001)" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityPageNumber="1001" authorityYear="1001" box="[816,1205,410,437]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5813D0CA7DA8BBFA8" box="[816,947,411,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. angustus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF581B70CA6DD8DBFA8" author="Stephani, F." box="[954,1205,410,436]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="991 - 1008" refId="ref7648" refString="Stephani, F. (1916) Species Hepaticarum Vol. V. Geneve, 991 - 1008." type="book chapter" year="1916">Stephani (1916: 1001)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in spore morphology, nevertheless, they can be differentiated by the presence of marginal spongy gemmae on the thallus margins of
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5879E0C83D9D4BFE0" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1001" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5879E0C83D9D4BFE0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, absent in
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF583600CDFD8D8BFE0" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[365,480,482,509]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF583600CDFD8D8BFE0" box="[365,480,482,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and by the size of the pseudoelaters, which are considerably longer in
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5872B0CDFDC94BFE0" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1001" box="[1318,1452,483,509]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5872B0CDFDC94BFE0" box="[1318,1452,483,509]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(40–496 µm) and somewhat shorter in
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF580340F3BDB90BC3C" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[569,680,518,545]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF580340F3BDB90BC3C" box="[569,680,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(42–199 µm).
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF581420F3ADD00BC3C" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1001" box="[847,1080,518,544]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="angustus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF581420F3ADD00BC3C" box="[847,1080,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Anthoceros angustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF5872F0F3AD9FDBC58" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF97FFF582B00F72DBF8BC90" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF582B00F72D88CBC74" bold="true" box="[189,436,590,616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Specimens examined</emphasis>
:—
<materialsCitation id="81823CDFFF97FFF583DB0F72DB85BC90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3426245301" collectingDate="2019-07-26" collectionCode="FCME" country="Mexico" elevation="1438" latitude="15.0675" location="Union Juarez" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-92.08139" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF97FFF583DB0F72DB72BC74" box="[470,586,590,616]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="F32EF860FF97FFF5805E0F72DB8ABC74" box="[595,690,590,616]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
:
<location id="34356059FF97FFF580B60F72DA69BC75" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B9438794FF92FFF582850A88D8AEBA04:34356059FF97FFF580B60F72DA69BC75" box="[699,849,590,617]" country="Mexico" latitude="15.0675" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-92.08139" name="Union Juarez" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" stateProvince="Chiapas">Unión Juarez</location>
, roadside,
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF581CA0F72DD25BC75" box="[967,1053,590,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.438" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="1438.0">
<elevation id="BAC7D1B1FF97FFF581CA0F72DD25BC75" box="[967,1053,590,617]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.438" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="m" value="1438.0">1438 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="54DE5045FF97FFF5862A0F72DD8EBC75" box="[1063,1206,590,617]" degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" precision="15" seconds="03" value="15.0675">15°04’03” N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="54DE5045FF97FFF586B10F72DC76BC75" box="[1212,1358,590,617]" degrees="92" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" precision="15" seconds="53" value="-92.08139">92°04’53” W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="45541042FF97FFF587560F72D9FBBC90" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" value="2019-07-26">
<collectingDate id="5510E9AAFF97FFF587560F72D9FBBC90" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" value="2019-07-26">26 July 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF582C30F4EDB6BBC90" box="[206,595,626,652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF582C30F4EDB1BBC90" authority="Ibarra-Morales 2019" authorityName="Ibarra-Morales" authorityYear="2019" box="[206,547,626,652]" class="Arachnida" family="Segestriidae" genus="Ariadna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ariadna Ibarra-Morales 2019</taxonomicName>
-14b
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="57FBAE47FF97FFF5806F0F4EDB8DBC90" box="[610,693,626,652]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15515" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15515" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="Herbarium">FCME</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="79F06509FF97FFF582B00FAAD8AEBA04" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="31553682FF97FFF582B00FAADA92BD94" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF582B00FAAD80CBCAC" bold="true" box="[189,308,662,688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">Remarks:</emphasis>
—Mexican populations of this species were always found growing with other bryophytes. In one of the most crowded patches, some rosettes of
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5807B0F87DBDEBCC8" authorityName="Stephani (1916:" authorityYear="1003" box="[630,742,698,725]" class="Anthocerotopsida" family="Anthocerotaceae" genus="Anthoceros" kingdom="Plantae" order="Anthocerotales" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Anthocerotophyta" rank="species" species="subtilis">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5807B0F87DBDEBCC8" box="[630,742,698,725]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. subtilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were formed by very small plants of less than
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in capsule height and thallus diameter. Some also exhibited an unusual erect morphology of the thallus, similar to the thallus morphology that has been reported in
<taxonomicName id="F6EA4D01FF97FFF5804B0E3FDAA2BD00" authority="Kashyap (1915: 9)" authorityName="Kashyap" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1915" box="[582,922,770,797]" class="Arachnida" family="Segestriidae" genus="Ariadna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erectus">
<emphasis id="039EEA90FF97FFF5804B0E3FDB80BD00" box="[582,696,771,797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">A. erectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF580CF0E3EDAA2BD00" author="Kashyap, S. R." box="[706,922,770,797]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref6336" refString="Kashyap, S. R. (1915) Morphological and biological notes on new and little known West-Himalayan liverworts III. New Phytologist 14 (1): 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1915">Kashyap (1915: 9)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF581A60E3EDDD6BD00" author="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C." box="[939,1262,770,796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref4458" refString="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C. (1991) Indian hornworts (A taxonomic study). Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 42: 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1991">Asthana &amp; Srivastava 1991</bibRefCitation>
). In these dwarf plants, the surface of the thallus was barely large enough for the base of the involucre to fit. This dwarf morphotype was probably a result of space and resource availability and may have also been affected by a fungal infection, since red hyphae were found within the gametophyte of some of these plants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="31553682FF97FFF582B00EAED8AEBA04" blockId="4.[136,1452,158,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">
Previous reports of this species from Asia (
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF580B90EAEDACCBDB0" author="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C." box="[692,1012,914,940]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref4458" refString="Asthana, A. K. &amp; Srivastava, S. C. (1991) Indian hornworts (A taxonomic study). Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 42: 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1991">Asthana &amp; Srivastava 1991</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF5860E0EAFDDFABDB0" author="Hasegawa, J." box="[1027,1218,914,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="173 - 177" refId="ref6026" refString="Hasegawa, J. (1998) Taxonomic status of Anthoceros subbrevis Haseg. and taxonomy of its allied taxa. Bryological Research 7 (6): 173 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.24474 / bryologicalresearch. 7.6 _ 173" type="journal article" year="1998">Hasegawa, 1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF586DC0EAFDC9CBDB0" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." box="[1233,1444,914,941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu 2013</bibRefCitation>
) document slightly larger thallus size (
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF580270E8ADBBFBDCD" box="[554,647,950,977]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter) and larger spores (35–45 µm) than those of Mexican plants (thallus up to
<quantity id="F6129B67FF97FFF5832F0EE6D840BDE9" box="[290,376,986,1013]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="97" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
and spores of 26.6–42.1 μm), but spore morphology is very similar to that illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="557B4B73FF97FFF5875A0EE7D83FBA04" author="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L." pageId="4" pageNumber="97" pagination="21 - 35" refId="ref6586" refString="Peng, T. &amp; Zhu, R. - L. (2013) A revision of the genus Anthoceros (Anthocerotaceae, Anthocerotophyta) in China. Phytotaxa 100 (1): 21 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 100.1.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Peng &amp; Zhu (2013)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="49FD7612FF97FFF583460EC2D8AABA04" box="[331,402,1022,1048]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="97">China</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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