414 lines
63 KiB
XML
414 lines
63 KiB
XML
<document id="C7940358B2ABC0F923485D3814A2727F" ID-CLB-Dataset="45285" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a8fa5645-d9f3-4315-b84a-2075885e60b0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="225178" ID-ZooBank="14CD03DB-1613-4BCA-984E-58F5AD607A60" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460450278775" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chen, Ying, Zhao, Yan, Pan, Xuming, Ding, Wenqiao, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S. & Qiu, Zijian" docDate="2014" docId="B92B0438BE437242FF65FEA50B9CFE39" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03827p386.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3827 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Frontonia paramagna Chen, Zhao, Pan, Ding, Al-Rasheid & Qiu, 2014, spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="378" masterDocId="45127C40BE417246FFF2FFD50866FF95" masterDocTitle="Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China" masterLastPageNumber="386" masterPageNumber="375" pageNumber="377" updateTime="1698338166050" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="E83BA79253894BFAFC4D3A218D9EB279" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="AFE759D9CBC4C72A9CFD385E96F1A49C">
|
||
<mods:title id="952FED870A8C04C8306E0D2A65C342B9">Morphology and Phylogeny of a New Frontonia Ciliate, F. paramagna spec. nov. (Ciliophora, Peniculida) from Harbin, Northeast China</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="092196AAD8A20128F35A93E73BB4EA14" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="04235A300DF95CDF60E0CE4EF38FBEDC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F73A9C8AAB8DE78E28511B472BF09CEA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="704BA2571A9CB63B4A36DF3BF9909CD7">Chen, Ying</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3929F6E40DAEFA4B8817BCACBA4B5294" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1A95949DE30C908987A8A86AF9299125">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B5875BB5F39D09D7A76E98BD52F9AD26">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1654DBA3EC4BC16E88014B3FF237EE29">Zhao, Yan</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="BE8FB43A2B5B6EC9BA76A15F88631D2F" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E3C7DB791E6483AAD9A05FADA1F2E4B8">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8A69E55CC8CB90CB9121B07AD1800530">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F5750349EDF7DE27BA90A66275FC36C1">Pan, Xuming</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9CCFD0E1D5975DFEC6291FCACEDDEFBA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7D552C5143B923E819B1D874A8AB2D23">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1F044869098893B5EDAC2AA72B62C930">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="1ED3DF1A86EA8DD775F5FD913B81E19C">Ding, Wenqiao</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="631CEB20905DF99ED051A2DF6DC44E2E" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="62A197F26FC12F8348AFF1B7C4DD2DE4">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="0F9D27432205F0490003C18A4FAE1F92">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="096363AF86C5C7B5E802036B45D7D0E7">Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B075D85FF260F416533F1CE66F9B2D2B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="9A2A6DB5761F2DF30E4FD37B7D609B28">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AA383B5B3D61F58513FF0C3A726B680B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C9C4583B91E45DE173CDDF386D84B340">Qiu, Zijian</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="CCC5313E74B4A7EEEF2802B4E9A4ED7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="97E577D93C48618B27235E4307EB438C" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="022C09C253CF2794F19FAA54936A1B9A">
|
||
<mods:title id="3F1A4B5A0ACE9B8C92245CD3368D21F6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="D6F94EA35F78982B1FE2C7D6C92D4095">
|
||
<mods:date id="549AC8CED16D321F57943B82B59642E4">2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D8C248B895C49CAF754030A43208D58C" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="B4E658E6F89D9C12770AFDA37382084F">3827</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="081A37CE5382C9B1579D5BC80DD7761A" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="1A3D998CC368909F63DD0F0F6C69BDF8">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="DACC7643B42072FDCCD456E2ADFE057B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="79E540C86A65DB22FC2E6A883586D3C7">375</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="8B6B016BF10475A7FE9F2827F0E3B25D">386</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="8548B8E230A7D3BE8D014992ADE7A748">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B3401FB98554DF7ADA20E65CD525CA51" type="CLB-Dataset">45285</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EBE34ECBD7A57DDC5068C6D3895CED53" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3827.3.7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="6B7D1DA31B3A94D3D7F80FE0797A8DE2" type="GBIF-Dataset">a8fa5645-d9f3-4315-b84a-2075885e60b0</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3B110BCA17118D9312CA1BFCAA930CCF" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="72D25A59879355D539F4E9AC1E48764C" type="Zenodo-Dep">225178</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="789B936BFDA8D4F5EC336430816CFBA3" type="ZooBank">14CD03DB-1613-4BCA-984E-58F5AD607A60</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="B92B0438BE437242FF65FEA50B9CFE39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5662315" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119510323" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5662315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B92B0438BE437242FF65FEA50B9CFE39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B92B0438BE437242FF65FEA50B9CFE39" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="378" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<subSubSection id="7998E6A5BE437244FF65FEA50A74FE1D" box="[151,530,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF65FEA50A74FE1D" blockId="2.[151,530,367,392]" box="[151,530,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<heading id="6A750242BE437244FF65FEA50A74FE1D" bold="true" box="[151,530,367,392]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF65FEA50A74FE1D" bold="true" box="[151,530,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE437244FF65FEA509FEFE12" box="[151,408,368,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF65FEA509FEFE12" bold="true" box="[151,408,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Frontonia paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE437244FE6DFEBA0A74FE1D" box="[415,530,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7998E6A5BE437244FF65FE620B26FDA8" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF65FE620B26FDA8" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF65FE620977FE45" bold="true" box="[151,273,439,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Freshwater
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE437244FE56FE6C0A73FE45" box="[420,533,441,464]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FE56FE6C0A73FE45" box="[420,533,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
about 400–610 × 110–160 Μm
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FC7CFE6C0BB8FE45" box="[910,990,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
; dorsoventrally slightly flattened with conspicuously small buccal cavity; about 179–201 somatic kineties; three vestibular and six to seven postoral kineties; peniculi 1–3 each with four kinetid rows; single ellipsoidal macronucleus; one contractile vacuole located equatorially on the right margin; extrusomes spindle-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7998E6A5BE437244FF35FD920935FC80" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35FD9208B7FD59" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF35FD920931FDF5" bold="true" box="[199,343,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FF35FD920964FDF5" box="[199,258,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
slides.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A silver carbonate-impregnated slide containing the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FC25FD920C5FFDF5" box="[983,1081,583,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE437244FD2BFDB90B7AFD10" box="[729,796,620,645]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CY
|
||
<date id="453C93EEBE437244FCA5FDB90BB6FD11" box="[855,976,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" value="1229-11-20">20111229</date>
|
||
-1). Three silver nitrate slides containing
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FF65FD450891FD3D" box="[151,247,656,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens are deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE437244FB67FD5A0CBEFD3D" box="[1173,1240,655,680]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(CY
|
||
<date id="453C93EEBE437244FAFDFD450DE2FD3D" box="[1295,1412,656,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" value="1229-11-20">20111229</date>
|
||
-2, 3, 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35FD020935FC80" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF35FD02090FFD65" bold="true" box="[199,361,727,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FF35FD020964FD65" box="[199,258,727,752]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A puddle in a freshwater wetland in Harbin (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="54B6D3E9BE437244FC73FD020BB8FD65" box="[897,990,727,752]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="45.866665">N45°52′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
02.67″,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="54B6D3E9BE437244FBCEFD020CC2FD65" box="[1084,1188,727,752]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="126.53333">E126°32′</geoCoordinate>
|
||
56.23″), Heilongjiang Province,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE437244FEFAFD290929FC80" box="[264,335,764,789]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7998E6A5BE437242FF35FCCA0B9CFE39" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35FCCA0CF6FCA2" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" box="[199,1168,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF35FCCA0928FCAD" bold="true" box="[199,334,799,824]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The prefix “para-” refers to the species being similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE437244FC37FCF40CEFFCAD" box="[965,1161,801,824]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="magna">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FC37FCF40CEFFCAD" box="[965,1161,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Frontonia magna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35FC9109FDF9B9" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FF35FC910B6FFCC8" bold="true" box="[199,777,836,861]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Morphological and Ultrastructural description.</emphasis>
|
||
<tableCitation id="7C008095BE437244FCE6FC910B0CFCC9" box="[788,874,836,861]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1380,266,628]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. Data based on randomly selected specimens with silver impregnation. Measurements in Μm. CV, coefficient of variation in %; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min, minimum; SD, standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" tableUuid="65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FC5BFC910C53FCC9" box="[937,1077,836,861]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1712,1734]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetBox-1="[188,1398,481,1690]" captionTargetBox-2="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[188,1398,481,1691]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, F, G, I) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, E, H, J, K, M) and silver nitrate (C, L). A. Ventral view of a typical individual; arrow marks the contractile vacuole. B. Dorsal view of a typical individual. C. Arrow indicates the contractile vacuole pore. D. The postoral kineties. E. Arrows mark the somatic kineties. F-G. Photomicrographs of buccal field (arrows), showing vestibular kineties, paroral membrane and peniculi 1, 2, 3. H. To show the argentophilic line (the arrow below) and the paroral membrane (the arrow above). I, J. The spindle-shaped trichocyst. K. The macronucleus. L. Arrow indicates the peniculus 3. M. Photomicrograph of peniculi 1, 2, 3 (P 1, P 2, P 3). Scale bars in (B, C) = 200 µm; PM, paroral membrane; VK, vestibular kineties; PK, postoral kineties; Ma, macronucleus" captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/225180/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
|
||
: Size huge and varied,
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FABEFC900DFAFCC9" box="[1356,1436,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
about 400–610 × 110–160 Μm, but mostly 500–550 Μm in length; ratio of length: width about 3.5:1. Body shape constant, long ellipsoidal in outline; left margin straight while right margin slightly convex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FB58FC590C92FC31" box="[1194,1268,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1B, 1C, 1D 2A,2B). Both ends rounded with the front end wider and slightly bent to the right. Dorsal-ventral side slightly flattened. Single ellipsoidal macronucleus, positioned at body centre (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FC4FFC010C6CFC79" box="[957,1034,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
G, 2K). Single contractile vacuole, about 100 Μm in diameter, positioned in mid-body right of cell median; one contractile vacuole pore located on right dorsal surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FE72FBC909AFFBA1" box="[384,457,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1D, 1G, 2A, 2C). Most of the extrusomes spindle-shaped, about 5 Μm long, densely arranged beneath cortex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FE45FBEA0A65FBCD" box="[439,515,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E,
|
||
<date id="453C93EEBE437244FDD4FB950A26FBCD" box="[550,576,1088,1112]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">2I</date>
|
||
, 2J, 3C, 3F). The other two
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FC76FB940BD9FBCC" box="[900,959,1089,1113]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of extrusomes were observed for the first time (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FF25FBB10947FBE9" box="[215,289,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E, 3D, 3E). Cytoplasm is transparent, colourless to slightly grey. Cytoplasm filled by many yellow and grey food vacuoles, with different diameters, as well as dark granules and crystals containing bacteria, diatoms and other small ciliates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FE72FB7909ADFB51" box="[384,459,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 2A, 2B). 180–199 somatic kineties. somatic cilia about 8 Μm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FB08FB790D20FB51" box="[1274,1350,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F; 1G). Locomotion by revolving moderately rapidly on substrate or by swimming in water about long body axis. Buccal cavity small and shallow, approximately triangular in outline, occupying about 1/10 of body length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FAF0FB210D2AFA99" box="[1282,1356,1268,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, 1D, 1F; 1H, 2F, 2G, 2H, 2L, 3A, 3B). Three short vestibular kineties (VK1–3) on the right of the buccal cavity running from the anterior vertex to the postoral suture of the cavity, with dense kinetosomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FB89FAE90CAEFAC1" box="[1147,1224,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H; 2F, 2H). Three peniculi deeply located on the left wall of cavity: peniculi 1 and 2 (P1, 2) about equally long and close to each other, peniculus 3 (P3) slightly separated from P1, 2 and curved to right. Each peniculus composed of four rows of kinetosomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FEC0FA72091AFA55" box="[306,380,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F, 1H; 2H, 2L, 2M). Peniculus 3 composed of four shorter kineties, of which the right two are complete and the left two shortened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FDC4FA190AE7FA71" box="[566,641,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H; 2H, 2L). Single paroral membrane (PM) on right edge of the buccal cavity runs from anterior of the buccal overture to the posterior edge. Argentophilic line (AL) positioned parallel to VK (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FF3CF9C1097FF9B9" box="[206,281,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1398,706,1452]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from life (A, B, C, E) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F – H). A. Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole. B. Lateral view. C. Different body shapes. D. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole. E. Three types of extrusomes. F, G. Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side. H. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P 1 – 3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
H; 2F, 2H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35F9E209B7F8D9" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were combined to study the subpellicular ultrastructure of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE437244FDEEF9880ADDF9E1" box="[540,699,1629,1652]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE437244FDEEF9880ADDF9E1" box="[540,699,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">F. paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE437244FD37F9880B51F9E1" box="[709,823,1629,1652]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Three
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FC79F9880BA0F9E0" box="[907,966,1629,1653]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of extrusomes were evident, including a spindle trichocyst, another new
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FDF7F9540A53F90C" box="[517,565,1665,1689]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of trichocyst and a mucocyst. A large number of spindle trichocysts with a cap-like structure were distributed densely in the specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FCABF9710BCFF929" box="[857,937,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 3F). The other two
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FB42F9700C8DF928" box="[1200,1259,1701,1725]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of extrusomes, however, were rare and could be observed only by TEM. The mucocysts were an elongated oval-shape, about 2 Μm long and with transverse microfilaments on their surface, and can emit micro-mesh (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FB9BF9390CC9F891" box="[1129,1199,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). The new
|
||
<typeStatus id="EE390B8CBE437244FAB9F9380D1DF890" box="[1355,1403,1773,1797]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of trichocyst were about 5 Μm long, in the shape of a long rod with a dark, flat, front end, and appeared mainly around the oral apparatus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FE9FF8E109D6F8D9" box="[365,432,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE437244FF35F8820A20F848" blockId="2.[151,1437,439,2013]" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">
|
||
This investigation also revealed a three layered fibre system beneath the pellicle. The first layer of fibre was close to the pellicle, with a diameter of about 0.12 Μm. The fibres of the second layer were densely wrapped around the extrusomes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE437244FEA6F87509C5F82D" box="[340,419,1952,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="377">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F, 3G); while the fibres of the third layer were loose, covering most of the subpellicular structures and adjoined the cytoplasm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A" ID-Table-UUID="65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[159,1380,266,628]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE427245FF65FF4D0A24FF7A" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FF65FF4D096AFF3A" bold="true" box="[151,268,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE427245FDE7FF4D0B63FF3A" box="[533,773,152,175]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FDE7FF4D0B63FF3A" box="[533,773,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Frontonia paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE427245FCFFFF4D0B1CFF3A" box="[781,890,152,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Data based on randomly selected specimens with silver impregnation. Measurements in Μm. CV, coefficient of variation in %; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min, minimum; SD, standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE427245FF6DFEDF0D02FDE1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<table id="4382478EBE428DB9FF6DFEDF0D02FDE1" box="[159,1380,266,628]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFEDF0D02FEB5" box="[159,1380,266,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFEDF0A71FEB5" box="[159,535,266,288]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Characters</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FEDF0A8AFEB5" box="[706,748,266,288]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Min</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FEDF0B0FFEB5" box="[827,873,266,288]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Max</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FEDF0B93FEB5" box="[955,1013,266,288]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFEDF0C1DFEB5" box="[1103,1147,266,288]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FEDF0C88FEB5" box="[1227,1262,266,288]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">CV</th>
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FEDF0D02FEB5" box="[1355,1380,266,288]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">n</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFEE30D02FED9" box="[159,1380,310,332]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFEE30A71FED9" box="[159,535,310,332]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Body length</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FEE30A8AFED9" box="[706,748,310,332]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">318</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FEE30B0FFED9" box="[827,873,310,332]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">362</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FEE30B93FED9" box="[955,1013,310,332]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">340.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFEE30C1DFED9" box="[1103,1147,310,332]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FEE30C88FED9" box="[1227,1262,310,332]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">3.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FEE30D02FED9" box="[1355,1380,310,332]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFEB40D02FEE2" box="[159,1380,353,375]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFEB40A71FEE2" box="[159,535,353,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Body width</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FEB40A8AFEE2" box="[706,748,353,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">96</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FEB40B0FFEE2" box="[827,873,353,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">124</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FEB40B93FEE2" box="[955,1013,353,375]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">113.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFEB40C1DFEE2" box="[1103,1147,353,375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">7.6</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FEB40C88FEE2" box="[1227,1262,353,375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FEB40D02FEE2" box="[1355,1380,353,375]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFE5E0D02FE34" box="[159,1380,395,417]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFE5E0A71FE34" box="[159,535,395,417]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of somatic kineties</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FE5E0A8AFE34" box="[706,748,395,417]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">180</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FE5E0B0FFE34" box="[827,873,395,417]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">200</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FE5E0B93FE34" box="[955,1013,395,417]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">189.7</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFE5E0C1DFE34" box="[1103,1147,395,417]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">6.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FE5E0C88FE34" box="[1227,1262,395,417]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FE5E0D02FE34" box="[1355,1380,395,417]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFE600D02FE5E" box="[159,1380,437,459]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFE600A71FE5E" box="[159,535,437,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of vestibular kineties</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FE600A8AFE5E" box="[706,748,437,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">3</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FE600B0FFE5E" box="[827,873,437,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">3</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FE600B93FE5E" box="[955,1013,437,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFE600C1DFE5E" box="[1103,1147,437,459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FE600C88FE5E" box="[1227,1262,437,459]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FE600D02FE5E" box="[1355,1380,437,459]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFE0A0D02FE60" box="[159,1380,479,501]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFE0A0A71FE60" box="[159,535,479,501]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of postoral kineties</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FE0A0A8AFE60" box="[706,748,479,501]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">6</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FE0A0B0FFE60" box="[827,873,479,501]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">7</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FE0A0B93FE60" box="[955,1013,479,501]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFE0A0C1DFE60" box="[1103,1147,479,501]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FE0A0C88FE60" box="[1227,1262,479,501]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FE0A0D02FE60" box="[1355,1380,479,501]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFDDF0D02FDB5" box="[159,1380,522,544]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFDDF0A71FDB5" box="[159,535,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of ciliary row in peniculus 1</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FDDF0A8AFDB5" box="[706,748,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FDDF0B0FFDB5" box="[827,873,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FDDF0B93FDB5" box="[955,1013,522,544]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFDDF0C1DFDB5" box="[1103,1147,522,544]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FDDF0C88FDB5" box="[1227,1262,522,544]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FDDF0D02FDB5" box="[1355,1380,522,544]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFDE10D02FDDF" box="[159,1380,564,586]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFDE10A71FDDF" box="[159,535,564,586]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of ciliary row in peniculus 2</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FDE10A8AFDDF" box="[706,748,564,586]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FDE10B0FFDDF" box="[827,873,564,586]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FDE10B93FDDF" box="[955,1013,564,586]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFDE10C1DFDDF" box="[1103,1147,564,586]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FDE10C88FDDF" box="[1227,1262,564,586]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FDE10D02FDDF" box="[1355,1380,564,586]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8FB2B76CBE428DB9FF6DFD8B0D02FDE1" box="[159,1380,606,628]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<th id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FF6DFD8B0A71FDE1" box="[159,535,606,628]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Number of ciliary row in peniculus 3</th>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FD30FD8B0A8AFDE1" box="[706,748,606,628]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FCC9FD8B0B0FFDE1" box="[827,873,606,628]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FC49FD8B0B93FDE1" box="[955,1013,606,628]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FBBDFD8B0C1DFDE1" box="[1103,1147,606,628]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FB39FD8B0C88FDE1" box="[1227,1262,606,628]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">0</td>
|
||
<td id="CC63DE10BE428DB9FAB9FD8B0D02FDE1" box="[1355,1380,606,628]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="65FDE5A6BE427245FF65FA110AAAF9E6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225179/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" targetBox="[194,1386,706,1439]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE427245FF65FA110AAAF9E6" blockId="3.[151,1436,1476,1651]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FF65FA110973FA4C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1476,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE427245FEEDFA100A65FA4F" box="[287,515,1477,1498]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FEEDFA100A65FA4F" box="[287,515,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Frontonia paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE427245FDFEFA100A12FA4F" box="[524,628,1477,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from life (
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FD18FA110B06FA4F" bold="true" box="[746,864,1476,1498]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">A, B, C, E</emphasis>
|
||
) and after staining with silver carbonate (D, F–H).
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FA71FA110DFAFA4C" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1476,1497]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">A.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of a typical individual, arrow refers to contractile vacuole.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FC89FA360BEAFA6D" bold="true" box="[891,908,1507,1528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FBD7FA360C51FA6C" bold="true" box="[1061,1079,1507,1529]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Different body shapes.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FAC1FA360D23FA6D" bold="true" box="[1331,1349,1507,1528]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral views showing arrangement of extrusomes, sutures and contractile vacuole.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FC66F9D70BC3F982" bold="true" box="[916,933,1538,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Three types of extrusomes.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FB35F9D70C93F982" bold="true" box="[1223,1269,1537,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">F, G.</emphasis>
|
||
Infraciliature of ventral and dorsal side.
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FE7AF9F509FAF9A0" bold="true" box="[392,412,1568,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Structure of oral apparatus. Scale bars in (A, B, F, G) = 200 µm. AS, anterior suture; CV, contractile vacuole; CVP, contractile vacuole pore; Ma, macronucleus; P1–3, peniculus 1, 2, 3; PK, postoral kineties; PM, paroral membrane; PS, postoral suture; VK, vestibular kineties.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE427245FF35F94E0A06F96E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1691,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
Finally, the VK in the oral apparatus were observed by SEM. This showed that a membranous structure was wrapped around the root of each VK to form a coarse columnar structure, with interwoven fibres linking these columnar structures to the VK (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE427245FE0BF9360A5AF96E" box="[505,572,1763,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1363,1385]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,193,1341]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[188,1398,193,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Frontonia paramagna spec. nov. from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (A, B, F, G, H) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (C – E). A. SEM photograph of a typical individual. B. Arrowhead shows the buccal field. C, F. Arrowhead shows the spindle-shaped trichocyst. D. Arrowhead shows the mucocyst. E. Arrowhead shows another type of trichocyst. G. Arrowheads show the fibre layers. H. Arrowheads show the vestibular kineties (VK) and the columnar structure. Scale bars in (A) = 20 µm; in (B) = 6 µm; in Fig (C, D) = 0.3 µm; in Fig. (E, F) = 1 µm; in Fig. G = 2 µm; in Fig. H = 4 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225181/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="313DB52EBE427242FF35F8D30B9CFE39" blockId="3.[151,1437,1691,2004]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,429]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="379" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FF35F8D30C3DF88A" bold="true" box="[199,1115,1798,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">
|
||
SSU rRNA gene sequence and phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE427245FD2FF8D20BB9F88B" box="[733,991,1799,1823]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FD2FF8D20BB9F88B" bold="true" box="[733,991,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Frontonia paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE427245FC15F8D30C3DF88A" box="[999,1115,1798,1823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Table 3 and
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE427245FB0BF8D30D3DF88A" box="[1273,1371,1798,1823]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,599,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[187,1397,589,1645]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. ML and BI trees based on SSU rRNA gene sequences (Dataset II) computed with PHYML and MrBayes. The first and second values at the nodes represent bootstrap values for ML and BI analyses, respectively; a ‘ * ’ indicates a disagreement in topology that could not be represented on the consensus tree. The scale bar represents 5 changes per 100 positions. The sequences of Trimyema munutum and Plagiopyla frontata were used to root the tree. The position of the new species in the phylogenetic trees is marked with an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The newly sequenced SSU rRNA gene of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE427245FDAFF8F90B3DF8D6" box="[605,859,1836,1859]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="paramagna" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FDAFF8F90B3DF8D6" box="[605,859,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Frontonia paramagna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE427245FC95F8F90BB8F8D6" box="[871,990,1836,1859]" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, with a length of 1,667 bp, has been deposited in the GenBank database with accession number
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2ED128CDBE427245FCA8F89B0BB4F8F2" box="[858,978,1870,1895]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/JQ868786" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">JQ868786</accessionNumber>
|
||
. The genetic similarity and number of nucleotide differences between the new species and its congeners has been set out in Table 3, showing details of the molecular differences between this new species and other comparable species. Each of the SSU rRNA gene sequences of the species available from GenBank for genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE427245FCACF8690BA9F846" box="[862,975,1980,2003]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="3" pageNumber="378" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE427245FCACF8690BA9F846" box="[862,975,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="378">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have similarities with this new species ranging from 91.1% to 98.6% with 22 to 147 nucleotides difference from other congeneric species (Table 3). The phylogenetic trees generated through both Bayesian Inference (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE457242FC95FF690BE3FF41" box="[871,901,188,212]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods had similar topologies, therefore, they were combined into a single consensus tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A9B9A9ABBE457242FBE2FF0A0C30FF6D" box="[1040,1110,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1722,1744]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,599,1620]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[187,1397,589,1645]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. ML and BI trees based on SSU rRNA gene sequences (Dataset II) computed with PHYML and MrBayes. The first and second values at the nodes represent bootstrap values for ML and BI analyses, respectively; a ‘ * ’ indicates a disagreement in topology that could not be represented on the consensus tree. The scale bar represents 5 changes per 100 positions. The sequences of Trimyema munutum and Plagiopyla frontata were used to root the tree. The position of the new species in the phylogenetic trees is marked with an arrow." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/225182/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FAD9FF340DFDFF6D" box="[1323,1435,225,248]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FAD9FF340DFDFF6D" box="[1323,1435,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="18C5D447BE457242FF65FED00961FE89" box="[151,263,261,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" rank="species">spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
clustered together with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FDE4FED00AE1FE89" box="[534,647,261,284]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FDE4FED00AE1FE89" box="[534,647,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FD36FED10B78FE88" box="[708,798,260,285]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="vernalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FD36FED10B78FE88" box="[708,798,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">vernalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with high support (100% ML, 1.00
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE457242FB44FED10CB5FE89" box="[1206,1235,260,284]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and then formed a clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FED5FEFC09EDFED5" box="[295,395,295,320]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="leucas">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FED5FEFC09EDFED5" box="[295,395,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">F. leucas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(100% ML, 1.00
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE457242FDA7FEFD0A13FED5" box="[597,629,296,320]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
). The clade became the sister group with the clusters of
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FB03FEFC09C3FEF1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FB03FEFC0DEAFED5" box="[1265,1420,295,320]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="tchibisovae">F. tchibisovae</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FF65FE9908A9FEF0" box="[151,207,332,357]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="lynni">lynni</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FF00FE980951FEF1" box="[242,311,333,356]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="mengi">mengi</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FEABFE9809C3FEF1" box="[345,421,333,356]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="magna">magna</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, also with high support (100% ML, 1.00
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE457242FC59FE990BADFEF1" box="[939,971,332,356]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
). But genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FB98FE980CBDFEF1" box="[1130,1243,333,356]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FB98FE980CBDFEF1" box="[1130,1243,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not form a monophyletic group since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FE32FEA40A57FE1D" box="[448,561,369,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FE32FEA40A57FE1D" box="[448,561,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Frontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<accessionNumber id="2ED128CDBE457242FD94FEBA0A87FE1D" box="[614,737,367,392]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/FN667825" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">FN667825</accessionNumber>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FCECFEA40BE3FE1D" box="[798,901,367,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Frontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="species" species="didieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FCECFEA40BE3FE1D" box="[798,901,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">F. didieri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were separated and clustered with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FAFFFEA40DFAFE1D" box="[1293,1436,369,392]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Parameciidae" genus="Paramecium" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Peniculida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FAFFFEA40DFAFE1D" box="[1293,1436,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Paramecium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F682CEADBE457242FF34FE41093DFE39" box="[198,347,404,428]" class="Oligohymenophorea" family="Frontoniidae" genus="Apofrontonia" kingdom="Protozoa" order="Hymenostomatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="379" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="03F6693CBE457242FF34FE41093DFE39" box="[198,347,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">Apofrontonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species instead of with their congeners (68% ML, 0.99
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4995F5BEBE457242FC3FFE410B8BFE39" box="[973,1005,404,428]" name="Belgium" pageId="4" pageNumber="379">BI</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |