93 lines
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93 lines
10 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="568A3E7D18E2FAB8D0BB7305410EDA7D">Revisiting the phylogeny of the scolebythid wasps (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) through Bayesian model evaluation and parsimony, with description of a new fossil family of Chrysidoidea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="547F3287BAC6D47BB4A35E5C43618AC0">Lepeco, Anderson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5601A0C033BF90C7C1CC2C3A00CEE20E">Laboratório de Biologia Comparada e Abelhas, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. 14040 - 901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4F0E745672DB7DBACA2E50847D3D1300" type="email">al.lepeco@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="53D1F2C395F0C255001CE78A98A73DDC">Melo, Gabriel A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="ADC19ECC85FC5CA3B35B8A5E921A7FC5">Laboratório de Biologia Comparada de Hymenoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 81531 - 980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C179A9A4DB35C2521F39216FAF44239F">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="02BD71A411C06B920E4E91FF18DE70EF">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="FAEED698957B7FCD4C584ECA69A74C7F">2023-10-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="38654803FA7239541D67E62EE15D3977">201</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="F89C691E1B6E667CDC8A584922D992EA" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad113</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60C767D1C5CADE30E460CAEFE29B4296" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="6986E3AB844BBB3CFEF9FBEAFDAD7E0B" box="[290,615,1041,1068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2123B020844BBB3CFEF9FBEAFDAD7E0B" blockId="26.[129,778,1041,1480]" box="[290,615,1041,1068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFEF9FBEAFEE47E0B" bold="true" box="[290,302,1041,1067]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">†</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFEF5FBEAFDAD7E0B" authority="Engel et al., 2013" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2013" box="[302,615,1041,1068]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Necrobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFEF5FBEAFE7A7E0B" box="[302,432,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Necrobythus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1844BBB3CFE6EFBE9FDAD7E0B" author="Engel MS & Ortega-Blanco J & McKellar RC" box="[437,615,1041,1068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" pagination="31 - 42" refId="ref25618" refString="Engel MS, Ortega-Blanco J, McKellar RC. New scolebythid wasps in Cretaceous amber from Spain and Canada, with implications for the phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae). Cretaceous Research 2013; 46: 31 - 42." type="journal article" year="2013">
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFE6EFBE9FE3B7E0C" bold="true" box="[437,497,1042,1068]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Engel</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFE2EFBE9FDEB7E0B" box="[501,545,1041,1067]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
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.,
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFDEBFBEAFDAD7E0B" bold="true" box="[560,615,1041,1067]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">2013</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6986E3AB844BBB3CFF5AFBC3FDA47FE8" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="2123B020844BBB3CFF5AFBC3FDA47FE8" blockId="26.[129,778,1041,1480]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">
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The genus was described from an inclusion in Campanian Canadian amber, containing only the
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<typeStatus id="FE270E82844BBB3CFE26FBA3FDE17E50" box="[509,555,1112,1136]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">type</typeStatus>
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species, †
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFD4BFBACFE4E7EAF" authority="Engel et al., 2013" authorityName="Engel" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Necrobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFD4BFBACFF027EAF" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Necrobythus pulcher</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="450DCDD1844BBB3CFF14FB8CFE4E7EAF" author="Engel MS & Ortega-Blanco J & McKellar RC" box="[207,388,1143,1167]" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" pagination="31 - 42" refId="ref25618" refString="Engel MS, Ortega-Blanco J, McKellar RC. New scolebythid wasps in Cretaceous amber from Spain and Canada, with implications for the phylogeny of the family (Hymenoptera: Scolebythidae). Cretaceous Research 2013; 46: 31 - 42." type="journal article" year="2013">
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Engel
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFECAFB8CFEF17EAF" box="[273,315,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
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., 2013
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Its general morphology and reduced forewing venation are indicative of an affinity with
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFD5CFB6DFCCC7E8E" ID-CoL="87J" box="[647,774,1174,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
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. The shape of the head and pronotum, fusiform profemur, bidentate claws, and the short propodeum are the main features indicating this positioning. The original placement in
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFF5AFAE8FED87F0B" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1963" box="[129,274,1299,1323]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scolebythidae</taxonomicName>
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might have been influenced by the moderately large basisternum, a feature also observed in basal
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFD5CFAC8FCCC7F6B" ID-CoL="87J" box="[647,774,1331,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
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. Therefore, we tentatively maintain it as incertae sedis within
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFF5AFA8AFF347FA9" ID-CoL="87J" box="[129,254,1393,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chrysididae</taxonomicName>
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based on the characters mentioned above, however, we do not discard that further data on †
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<taxonomicName id="E69CCBA3844BBB3CFDC6FA6AFD5C7F89" box="[541,662,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Scolebythidae" genus="Necrobythus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="13E86C32844BBB3CFDC6FA6AFD5C7F89" box="[541,662,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="83">Necrobythus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may reveal that this taxon does not even belong in Aculeata.
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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