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<mods:title id="00098D1E36437183E6B05A7E48AD81B4">A monographic revision of the Neotropical dung beetle genus Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Deltochilini), including a reappraisal of the taxonomic history of ‘ Canthon sensu lato’</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0F49E73B6169339F500E0A3E39FF72D9">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250D2609F8081E95AE" bold="true" box="[573,816,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Sylvicanthon furvus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250C5B09F808C095A9" author="Schmidt A." box="[832,1006,1497,1524]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0CFF250ED409DF0F4A9645" box="[463,1124,1534,1561]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0CFF250ED409DF0F4A9645" blockId="152.[463,1124,1497,1561]" box="[463,1124,1534,1561]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250ED409DF09019645" box="[463,559,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1372,265,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[212,1376,265,1895]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. Head, dorsal view. A. Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). C. S. genieri sp. nov. D. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. E. S. seag sp. nov. F. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. G. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824791/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Figs 6G</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250D2009DF09429645" box="[571,620,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,645,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,645,1755]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Morphological diversity in the protibiae of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1869) comb. nov. C. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. D. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). G. S. bridarollii (northern populations). H. S. attenboroughi sp. nov. I. S. edmondsi sp. nov. J. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). Note the variation related to the presence and degree of development of an expansion on the internal edge of protibiae and to the number, size and position of the external teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824801/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">11E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250D6309DF09849645" box="[632,682,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,708,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1399,708,1733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Morphological variation in the metafemora of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). Note the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of the metafemur (arrow) and the tegument without microsculpture. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). Observe the tegument entirely covered by coarse non-elongate punctures. C. S. monnei sp. nov. D. S. mayri sp. nov. E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. edmondsi sp. nov. G. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). H. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (northern populations). Note the differences in colouration and in the presence of coarse punctation at the base of metafemur in the two ends of the clinal variation observed in S. bridarollii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824805/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">13E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250DAD09DF09C59644" box="[694,747,1534,1561]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[196,1383,292,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[196,1383,289,1754]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the protibial spur of Sylvicanthon. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., ♂. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869), ♂. D. S. genieri sp. nov., ♂. E. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868), ♂. F. S. aequinoctialis comb. nov., ♀. G. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov., ♂. H. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., ♀. I. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), ♂. J. S. seag sp. nov., ♂. K. S. edmondsi sp. nov.,♂. L. S. attenboroughi sp. nov., ♂. M. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. N. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. O. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov., ♂." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824809/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">15N</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250DEC09DF08039645" box="[759,813,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,584,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,578,1934]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Abdominal lateral foveae of females (arrows). A. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). B. S. mayri sp. nov. C. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824811/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">16A</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250C2209DF08459645" box="[825,875,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,1019,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[189,1399,1007,1932]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 19. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. monnei sp. nov. E. S. mayri sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824817/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">19C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250C6309DF08B69645" box="[888,920,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="52.[189,232,1684,1710]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,519,1647]" captionTargetId="figure@52.[189,1398,515,1649]" captionTargetPageId="52" captionText="Fig. 20. Combined distribution of the species of Sylvicanthon in the Neotropical region. Note that the genus occupies the four great areas of tropical humid forest of the American continent: Central American forests, the Choco of the South American northwest, the Amazon Rainforest and the Atlantic Forest. Following the hypothesis of Martínez et al. (1964) that the Amazon Basin was the ancestral area of the Sylvicanthon of the candezei group, three lineages have independently dispersed from there (arrows): that of the ancestors of S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868), which, from the Choco, invaded Central America at the pace of the tropical forests’ gradual northwards advance, occurred during the Plio-Pleistocene, and those of the ancestors of respectively S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920) and S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), which reached the Atlantic Forest through the corridors of humid forests that bridged that biome to the Amazon forest during the wettest periods of the Neogene (see a more detailed discussion in the text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824819" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824819/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">20</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250CBF09DF08F69645" box="[932,984,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">40C</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250CFF09DF0F2A9645" box="[996,1028,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="144.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,957,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[189,1399,949,1921]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Fig. 41. Distribution of Sylvicanthon securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. and the four species of the furvus subgroup." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824865/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">41</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0CFF250B0B09DF0F039645" box="[1040,1069,1534,1560]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="155.[189,232,1932,1958]" captionTargetBox="[189,1385,796,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[189,1399,789,1905]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="Fig. 43. The three Amazonian species of the furvus subgroup. A, D. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). A. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. B, E. S. monnei sp. nov. B. Dorsal view. E. Ventral view. C, F. S. mayri sp. nov. C. Dorsal view. F. Ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824869/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">43</figureCitation>
A–B
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60A600A5C9606" box="[189,370,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Canthon furvus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250E610A6009B09606" author="Schmidt A." box="[378,670,1601,1627]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920: 130–131</bibRefCitation>
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, 133.
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<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60AA20A5D96C3" box="[189,371,1667,1694]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Canthon furvus</emphasis>
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– 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250E880AA2094696C0" author="Schmidt A." box="[403,616,1667,1693]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="61 - 103" refId="ref145305" refString="Schmidt A. 1922. 1. Bestimmungstabelle der mir bekannten Canthon - Arten. 2. Verbreitungsgebiete der Canthon - Arten. 3. Neubeschreibungen von Canthon, Saprositis, Mendidius, Euparia und Ataenius. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Abteilung A 88 (3): 61 - 103. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13259701 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1922">Schmidt 1922: 64</bibRefCitation>
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, 75. — 
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. — 
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Martínez 1977: 63. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250EED0A8909EF969F" author="Krajcik M." box="[502,705,1704,1730]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" refId="ref138852" refString="Krajcik M. 2012. Animma. X. Supplement 5. Checklist of the World Scarabaeoidea. Privately published, Plzen." type="book" year="2012">Krajcik 2012: 63</bibRefCitation>
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. 
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<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0CFF250FA60AED0A5296BB" box="[189,380,1740,1766]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvum">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60AED0A5296BB" box="[189,380,1740,1766]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Canthon furvum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250E810AED098196BB" author="Blackwelder R. E." box="[410,687,1740,1766]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="189 - 341" refId="ref131382" refString="Blackwelder R. E. 1944. Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, West Indies and South America. Part 2. United States National Museum Bulletin 185: 189 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.185.2" type="journal article" year="1944">Blackwelder 1944: 199</bibRefCitation>
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. 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0CFF250FA60AD009E69756" box="[189,712,1777,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Glaphyrocanthon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus" subGenus="Glaphyrocanthon">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60AD00AA59756" box="[189,395,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Glaphyrocanthon</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250E850AD009429756" box="[414,620,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Glaphyrocanthon</emphasis>
) 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250D640AD009E69756" box="[639,712,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250DF10AD00F7B9756" author="Martinez A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[746,1109,1777,1804]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="363 - 388" refId="ref140293" refString="Martinez A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1956. Dois generos novos de Canthonini americanos (Col. Scarabaeoidea, Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 12 (19): 363 - 388." type="journal article" year="1956">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1956: 126</bibRefCitation>
, 129
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. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250BDD0AD00E599756" author="Martinez A. &amp; Halffter G. &amp; Halffter V." box="[1222,1399,1777,1803]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref140396" refString="Martinez A., Halffter G. &amp; Halffter V. 1964. Notas sobre el genero Glaphyrocanthon (Coleopt., Scarab., Canthonina). Acta Zoologica Mexicana 7 (3): 1 - 42." type="journal article" year="1964">
Martínez 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250A210AD30E599756" box="[1338,1399,1777,1803]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0CFF250FF10B340F539709" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0CFF250FF10B340F539709" blockId="152.[189,1399,1667,1876]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
1964: 5–6, 8, 10, 14, 20–21. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250D7A0B3408929772" author="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S." box="[609,956,1813,1839]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="570 - 685" refId="ref147746" refString="Vulcano M. A. &amp; Pereira F. S. 1964. Catalogue of the Canthonini (Col. Scarab.) inhabiting the Western Hemisphere. Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 15 (2): 570 - 685. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 45986646 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1964">Vulcano &amp; Pereira 1964: 662</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
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<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0CFF250FA60B1B0A8B9709" ID-CoL="53N52" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,421,1850,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60B1B0A8B9709" box="[189,421,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Sylvicanthon furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250ED90B1B08339709" author="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A." box="[450,797,1850,1876]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="29 - 107" refId="ref136250" refString="Halffter G. &amp; Martinez A. 1977. Revision monografica de los Canthonina americanos, IV parte. Clave para generos y subgeneros. Folia Entomologica Mexicana 38: 29 - 107." type="journal article" year="1977">Halffter &amp; Martínez 1977: 63</bibRefCitation>
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. — 
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<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0CFF250C4B0B1B0F579709" author="Ratcliffe B. C. &amp; Jameson M. L. &amp; Figueroa L. &amp; Cave R. D. &amp; Paulsen M. J. &amp; Cano E. B. &amp; Beza-Beza C. &amp; Jimenez-Ferbans L. &amp; Reyes-Castillo P." box="[848,1145,1849,1876]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="186 - 207" refId="ref144842" refString="Ratcliffe B. C., Jameson M. L., Figueroa L., Cave R. D., Paulsen M. J., Cano E. B., Beza-Beza C., Jimenez-Ferbans L. &amp; Reyes-Castillo P. 2015. Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: a survey of the families. Scarabaeoidea. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 88 (2): 186 - 207. https: // doi. org / 10.2317 / kent- 88 - 02 - 186 - 207.1" type="journal article" year="2015">
Ratcliffe 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250CA50B1A08D69709" box="[958,1016,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">et al.</emphasis>
2015: 196
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0CFF250FA60B5C0A4597B6" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0CFF250FA60B5C0A6A97CA" blockId="152.[189,324,1917,1943]" box="[189,324,1917,1943]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<heading id="74728181FF0CFF250FA60B5C0A6A97CA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1917,1943]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250FA60B5C0A6A97CA" bold="true" box="[189,324,1917,1943]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0CFF250FA60B8C0A4597B6" blockId="152.[189,1399,1964,2027]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
From the Latin ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0CFF250E6D0B8D0A91979B" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[374,447,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0CFF250E6D0B8D0A91979B" box="[374,447,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, meaning ‘black’ or ‘dark’, probable reference to the consistently dark colouration of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0DFF240FA60D2A099A976D" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60D2A0A849178" blockId="153.[189,426,267,293]" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="74728181FF0DFF240FA60D2A0A849178" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FA60D2A0A849178" bold="true" box="[189,426,267,293]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FF10D1A0916910B" blockId="153.[189,1399,315,487]" box="[234,568,315,342]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FF10D1A0A489108" bold="true" box="[234,358,315,341]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240FF10D1A0A489108" box="[234,358,315,341]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(here designated)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60D410FA991BA" blockId="153.[189,1399,315,487]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0DFF240FA60D410A239127" box="[189,269,352,378]" name="Peru" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">PERU</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E060D7E0A149124" bold="true" box="[285,314,351,377]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Ƌ,</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF0DFF240E5D0D7E0ABA9124" box="[326,404,351,377]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
, Quispicanchi, Marcapata. Former type locality cited by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0DFF240B430D7E0E379124" author="Schmidt A." box="[1112,1305,351,377]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt (1920)</bibRefCitation>
: “ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A2D0D410A3191C0" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Peru, Bolivien</emphasis>
”,(“Typ.”,“Marcapata/Peru”,“Typus”,“ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240DED0DA5081191C3" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[758,831,388,414]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240DED0DA5081191C3" box="[758,831,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C550DA5088B91C0" box="[846,933,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Type m.</emphasis>
”,“ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240CD20DA50F3C91C3" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[969,1042,388,414]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240CD20DA50F3C91C3" box="[969,1042,388,414]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240B3A0DA50F5391C0" box="[1057,1149,387,414]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">A.Schm</emphasis>
.”,“ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240BB20DA20E5991C0" box="[1193,1399,387,413]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Glaphyrocanthon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240BB20DA20E5991C0" box="[1193,1399,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Glaphyrocanthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FD60D890A38919F" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[205,278,424,450]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FD60D890A38919F" box="[205,278,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E360D890AA6919F" box="[301,392,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">(Schm.)</emphasis>
/ P. Pereira det. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240D530D89094B919F" box="[584,613,424,450]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">60</emphasis>
”, “9663 / E92 +”, “NHRS-JLKB / 000021102”, “ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240BB50D890E77919F" box="[1198,1369,424,450]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FD70DED0A1F91BB" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[204,305,460,486]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FD70DED0A1F91BB" box="[204,305,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240E530DED0ACE91BB" authority="Schm." authorityName="Schm." box="[328,480,460,486]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E530DED0ACE91BB" box="[328,480,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus Schm.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C2D0DED087D91BB" box="[822,851,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">13</emphasis>
”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240C610DED08E291BB" box="[890,972,460,486]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NHRS</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0DFF240CFF0DED0F1491BA" box="[996,1082,460,487]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
Ca–b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FF10E2E097E9274" blockId="153.[189,1399,525,918]" box="[234,592,525,554]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FF10E2E0A8C9274" bold="true" box="[234,418,527,553]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240FF10E2E0A8C9274" box="[234,418,527,553]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
(4 ♂♂, 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240D1F0E2E096A9274" box="[516,580,527,554]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">5 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60E12087E93C8" blockId="153.[189,1399,525,918]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0DFF240FA60E120A149210" box="[189,314,563,589]" name="Bolivia" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♂, (“9662 / E92 +”, “ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240D470E12087C9210" box="[604,850,563,589]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ ♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C800E120F2E9210" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[923,1024,563,589]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C800E120F2E9210" box="[923,1024,563,589]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240B020E150F9F9213" authority="Schm." authorityName="Schm." box="[1049,1201,563,590]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240B020E150F859210" box="[1049,1195,563,590]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus Schm</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
/ des. F. Z. Vazde-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E4E0E790A5C922F" box="[341,370,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">13</emphasis>
” “Bolivia”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240D080E790972922F" box="[531,604,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240D080E790972922F" box="[531,604,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D980E7909FB922F" box="[643,725,600,626]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NHRS</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0DFF240DF60E79086D922E" box="[749,835,600,627]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
Cf); 1 ♂, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240CDF0E790F93922F" box="[964,1213,600,626]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ ♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240A190E790E49922F" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1282,1383,600,626]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A190E790E49922F" box="[1282,1383,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FA60E5D0A2892CB" box="[189,262,636,662]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FA60E5D0A2892CB" box="[189,262,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E040E5D0A5092CB" box="[287,382,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240DC20E5D09D892CB" box="[729,758,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C3B0E5D08AB92CB" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[800,901,636,662]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C3B0E5D08AB92CB" box="[800,901,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C860E5D08C892CB" box="[925,998,636,662]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C860E5D08C892CB" box="[925,998,636,662]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240CE40E5C0F5192CB" box="[1023,1151,636,663]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">A. Schmidt</emphasis>
”, “Typus”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”, “Bolivia”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D980E8009F692E6" box="[643,728,673,699]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0DFF240DEA0E80086792E6" box="[753,841,673,699]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
Cc); 1 ♂, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240CCB0E800FE792E6" box="[976,1225,673,699]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ ♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240A0A0E800E5892E6" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1297,1398,673,699]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A0A0E800E5892E6" box="[1297,1398,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FCB0EE40A379282" box="[208,281,709,735]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FCB0EE40A379282" box="[208,281,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E2C0EE40AB89282" box="[311,406,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C190EE408319282" box="[770,799,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”, “Bolivia”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240FDE0ECB0A339359" box="[197,285,746,772]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240E2A0ECB0A739359" box="[305,349,746,772]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240E670ECB095B9359" box="[380,629,746,772]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240D900ECB098F9359" box="[651,673,746,772]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240DAC0EC80832935E" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[695,796,745,771]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240DAC0EC80832935E" box="[695,796,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C290ECB08559359" box="[818,891,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C290ECB08559359" box="[818,891,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C890EC808DF935E" box="[914,1009,745,771]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A5E0ECB0E4C9359" box="[1349,1378,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”, “Bolivia”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240C1D0F2F08709375" box="[774,862,782,808]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240C6D0F2F088B9375" box="[886,933,782,808]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240CD30F2F0FEF9375" box="[968,1217,782,808]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240BC50F2F0FDA9375" box="[1246,1268,782,808]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240A0A0F2F0E589375" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1297,1398,782,808]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A0A0F2F0E589375" box="[1297,1398,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FCB0F130A379311" box="[208,281,818,844]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FCB0F130A379311" box="[208,281,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E2C0F130AB89311" box="[311,406,818,844]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C190F1208319310" box="[770,799,819,845]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”, “Bolivia”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240FDE0F760A33932C" box="[197,285,855,881]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240E2A0F760A73932C" box="[305,349,855,881]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240E670F76095B932C" box="[380,629,855,881]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240D900F76098F932C" box="[651,673,855,881]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240DAC0F760832932C" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[695,796,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240DAC0F760832932C" box="[695,796,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C290F760855932C" box="[818,891,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C290F760855932C" box="[818,891,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C890F7608DF932C" box="[914,1009,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A5E0F760E4C932C" box="[1349,1378,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “Coll. C. Felsche / Kauf 20, 1918”, “Bolivia”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240DF70F5A086A93C8" box="[748,836,891,917]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60F9F085A94D2" blockId="153.[189,1399,958,1167]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0DFF240FA60F9F0A239385" box="[189,269,958,984]" name="Peru" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">PERU</collectingCountry>
: 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240E070F9F0A629385" box="[284,332,958,984]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, (“ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240E6E0F9F0A909385" box="[373,446,958,984]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E6E0F9F0A909385" box="[373,446,958,984]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ Schmidt”, “Marcapata / Peru”, “9664 / E92 +”, “ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240B2C0F9F0E039385" box="[1079,1325,958,984]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240A560F9F0E4D9385" box="[1357,1379,958,984]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FA60FC30A0C93A1" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[189,290,994,1020]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FA60FC30A0C93A1" box="[189,290,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240E240FC30AF493A0" authority="Schm." authorityName="Schm." box="[319,474,994,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E240FC30AFD93A1" box="[319,467,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus Schm</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C5E0FC3084C93A1" box="[837,866,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">13</emphasis>
”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240C970FC308CF93A1" box="[908,993,994,1020]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NHRS</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240CE30FC30F0993A0" box="[1016,1063,994,1021]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240B510FC30E6D93A1" box="[1098,1347,994,1020]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240A7B0FC20E5893A0" box="[1376,1398,995,1021]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FD408260A1A947C" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[207,308,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FD408260A1A947C" box="[207,308,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240E4A08260AC5947C" authority="Schm." authorityName="Schm." box="[337,491,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E4A08260ACA947C" box="[337,484,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus Schm</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicName>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C4908260841947C" box="[850,879,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">13</emphasis>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240C8008260F47947C" box="[923,1129,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Glaphyrocanthon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C8008260F47947C" box="[923,1129,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Glaphyrocanthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240B9E08260FE0947C" box="[1157,1230,1031,1057]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240B9E08260FE0947C" box="[1157,1230,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240BF008260E68947C" box="[1259,1350,1031,1057]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">(Schm.)</emphasis>
/ P. Pereira det. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E5C080A0A4A9418" box="[327,356,1067,1093]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">60</emphasis>
”, “Marcapata / Peru”, “9661 / E92 +”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240C28080A08AB9418" box="[819,901,1067,1093]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rsbi-vwmq" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collections" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NHRS</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0DFF240C80080A08DF9418" box="[923,1009,1067,1093]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
Ce); 1 ♂, (“ 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0DFF240B6B080A0E479418" box="[1136,1385,1067,1093]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
/ ♂ / 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240FFC08710A629437" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[231,332,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FFC08710A629437" box="[231,332,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240E7A08710A849437" box="[353,426,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E7A08710A849437" box="[353,426,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240EA5087109339437" box="[446,541,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Schmidt</emphasis>
/ des. F. Z. Vaz-de-Mello, 20 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240C70087108A69437" box="[875,904,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">14</emphasis>
”, “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240CAB08710F3B9437" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[944,1045,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240CAB08710F3B9437" box="[944,1045,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240B3208710F5C9437" box="[1065,1138,1104,1130]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240B3208710F5C9437" box="[1065,1138,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240B9C08710E2B9437" box="[1159,1285,1104,1130]" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">A. Schmidt</emphasis>
”, “Peru”, “Gehr. W. Müller / Vermächt. 1909”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D64085509FA94D3" box="[639,724,1140,1166]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">SMTD</collectionCode>
) (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0DFF240DF70855086D94D2" box="[748,835,1140,1167]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="142.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[273,1317,270,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@142.[257,1331,263,1831]" captionTargetPageId="142" captionText="Fig. 40. Type material of three species of Sylvicanthon described by Schmidt (1920). A. S. secures (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 1. d. Paralectotype 3. e. Paralectotype 9. C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). a. Lectotype. b. Lectotype’s labels. c. Paralectotype 4. d. Paralectotype 6. e. Paralectotype 3. f. Paralectotype 1." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824863" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824863/files/figure.png" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Fig. 40</figureCitation>
Cd).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FF1089709B0948C" blockId="153.[189,1399,1205,1488]" box="[234,670,1205,1233]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FF108970ACF948D" bold="true" box="[234,481,1206,1232]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Additional material</emphasis>
(17 ♂♂, 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240D49089609BC948C" box="[594,658,1207,1233]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA608FA0A1E958D" blockId="153.[189,1399,1205,1488]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0DFF240FA608FA0A1494A8" box="[189,314,1243,1269]" name="Bolivia" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
: 1 ♂, no further data (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D5608FA098394A8" box="[589,685,1243,1269]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHN</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, no further data [labelled as homeotype of “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0DFF240A0A08FA0A0A9544" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candezei">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240A0A08FA0A0A9544" italics="true" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Canthon candezei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” by P. Pereira, 1942] (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D21092109A39547" box="[570,653,1280,1306]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
). – 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240DA7092108389547" bold="true" box="[700,790,1280,1306]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">La Paz</emphasis>
: 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240C3C092108789547" box="[807,854,1280,1306]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Larecaja, Guanay, 
<date id="5B3B102DFF0DFF240B5309210FC09547" box="[1096,1262,1280,1306]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="2004-11-10">10 Nov. 2004</date>
, A.U. Peña leg. (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240FE309050A7E9563" box="[248,336,1316,1342]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">CEMT</collectionCode>
); 2 ♂♂, Murillo, Farinas (
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); 2 ♂♂, Murillo, Zongo (“Songo”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240B9009050FC59563" box="[1163,1259,1316,1342]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHN</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, same collecting data as for preceding (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D4A0969098A953F" box="[593,676,1352,1378]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
); 2 ♂♂, 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240C0E09690872953E" box="[789,860,1352,1379]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, Nor Yungas, Coroico (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240B9A09690FCE953F" box="[1153,1248,1352,1378]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">BMNH</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, same collecting data as for preceding (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D5E094C09B695DA" box="[581,664,1389,1415]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="Museum">MZSP</collectionCode>
); 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240DB5094C09F295DA" box="[686,732,1389,1415]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, same collecting data as for preceding (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240BA1094C0E3C95DA" box="[1210,1298,1389,1415]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NMPC</collectionCode>
, ex. leg. Balthasar); 1 ♂, 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240E9209B00A9695F1" box="[393,440,1425,1452]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Nor Yungas, Suapi (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240DA509B0083095F6" box="[702,798,1425,1451]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHN</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, “Yungas de La Paz”, 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0DFF240B6609B00FF795F1" box="[1149,1241,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
(“ 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0DFF240BED09B00E4C95F1" box="[1270,1378,1425,1452]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0058399999999998" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="ft" value="3300.0">3,300 ft.</quantity>
”) (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240FDE09970A0A958D" box="[197,292,1462,1488]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA609D8098596B0" blockId="153.[189,1399,1526,1773]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0DFF240FA609D80A23964E" box="[189,269,1529,1555]" name="Peru" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">PERU</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240E0009D90A47964F" bold="true" box="[283,361,1528,1554]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF0DFF240E0009D90A47964F" box="[283,361,1528,1554]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 1 ♂, La Convención, Echarate, Comunidad Campesina Santa Rosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240BA009D70E5F964F" box="[1211,1393,1526,1554]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="54.41" value="-12.565114">12º33′54.41″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240FA60A3A0A53966A" box="[189,381,1563,1591]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="36.85" value="-73.093575">73º05′36.85″ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="5B3B102DFF0DFF240E950A3C0973966A" box="[398,605,1565,1591]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="2010-01-26" valueMax="2010-01-29" valueMin="2010-01-26">26–29 Jan. 2010</date>
, C. Carranza and C. Rossi leg. (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240CEC0A3C0F79966A" box="[1015,1111,1565,1591]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MUSM</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, La Convención, Echarate, Comunidad Campesina Santa Rosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240DF50A1E088D9606" box="[750,931,1599,1627]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="51.29" value="-12.564247">12º33′51.29″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240CAF0A1E0F5C9601" box="[948,1138,1599,1628]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="37.01" value="-73.09361">73º05′37.01″ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0DFF240B9A0A600FF19601" box="[1153,1247,1601,1628]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4569999999999999" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="1457.0">1457 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="5B3B102DFF0DFF240BF40A600BD596DD" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="2010-09-18" valueMax="2010-09-21" valueMin="2010-09-18">18–21 Sep. 2010</date>
, pitfall, M. Alvarado and J. Peralta leg. (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240DE90A47087C96DD" box="[754,850,1638,1664]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MUSM</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, La Convención, Echarate, Comunidad Campesina Santa Rosa, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240EFA0AA909BB96F9" box="[481,661,1672,1700]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="14.23" value="-12.57062">12º34′14.23″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="4AB1502AFF0DFF240DBE0AA9084D96F9" box="[677,867,1672,1700]" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" precision="1" seconds="41.87" value="-73.09496">73º05′41.87″ W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0DFF240C690AAB08E196F9" box="[882,975,1674,1701]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.459" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" unit="m" value="1459.0">1459 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="5B3B102DFF0DFF240CC40AAB0FAE96F9" box="[991,1152,1674,1700]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" value="2009-10-14">14 Oct. 2009</date>
, C. Carranza and C. Rossi leg. (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240E5E0A8F0A8B9695" box="[325,421,1710,1736]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MUSM</collectionCode>
); 1 ♂, 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240EE70A8F09049694" box="[508,554,1710,1737]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Quispicanchi, Marcapata (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240C6E0A8F08E39695" box="[885,973,1710,1736]" country="Czech Republic" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hj12-2xm7" name="National Museum Prague" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">NMPC</collectionCode>
, ex. coll. Balthasar). – 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240BFC0A8C0E019695" bold="true" box="[1255,1327,1709,1736]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF0DFF240BFC0A8C0E019695" box="[1255,1327,1709,1736]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Junín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: 1 ♂, Chanchamayo, O. Schunke leg. (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D250AF209B196B0" box="[574,671,1747,1773]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60B37099A976D" blockId="153.[189,692,1813,1840]" box="[189,692,1813,1840]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
No data: 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF0DFF240E320B370A7B976D" box="[297,341,1814,1840]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
[small green label] (
<collectionCode id="4994AE28FF0DFF240D5C0B370986976D" box="[583,680,1814,1840]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">MNHN</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0DFF230FA60B7908789498" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60B790A60972F" blockId="153.[189,334,1880,1906]" box="[189,334,1880,1906]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="74728181FF0DFF240FA60B790A60972F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1880,1906]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="153" pageNumber="154" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0DFF240FA60B790A60972F" bold="true" box="[189,334,1880,1906]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0DFF240FA60BA90F4097B6" blockId="153.[189,1399,1928,2027]" pageId="153" pageNumber="154">COLOURATION. Very variable and iridescent. In general, head with greenish or bluish sheen. Pronotum usually purple; occasionally, with greenish sheen. Elytra purple or blue. Meso- and metafemora reddishbrown. Metaventrite with strong green shine. Pygidium of same colour as elytra.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA60D2D0A7F9187" blockId="154.[189,1399,267,474]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
HEAD. Tegument slightly shiny, with strong alveolar microsculpture obliterating dense surficial micropunctation; micropunctation almost imperceptible or even absent throughout outer edge of head. Clypeus with two apical teeth obtuse and only slightly separated from one another (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270B930D720FCF9133" box="[1160,1249,339,366]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1928,1954]" captionTargetBox="[212,1372,265,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[212,1376,265,1895]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 6. Head, dorsal view. A. Sylvicanthon enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). C. S. genieri sp. nov. D. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov. E. S. seag sp. nov. F. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. G. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824791" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824791/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
); with single transverse row of setae covering base of both teeth. Genae with weak denticle immediately behind clypeal-genal juncture. Posterior edge of head with fine incontinuous line between eyes, or completely unmargined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA60E2209309360" blockId="154.[189,1399,514,829]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">THORAX. Pronotum with shiny tegument, and dense and well-marked micropunctation at centre; towards sides, micropunctation progressively less dense and well marked, sometimes absent on lateral edge; tegument among micropunctation completely smooth, microsculpture limited to very narrow strip of tegument on anterior edge of pronotum and anterolateral angles. Posterior edge with evident fine transverse line at centre (usually extending almost to third elytral striae). Hypomeral cavity with long yellowish setae at centre; external edge with weak tubercle. Metaventrite glabrous at centre; sides with few and sparse setae close to anterior margin of metacoxae; anterior region of metaventrite with distinct rivose microsculpture; centre and posterior region with dense micropunctation and very effaced, almost imperceptible microsculpture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA60F4708A99499" blockId="154.[189,1399,869,1221]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
LEGS. Ventral surface of all femora and tibiae shiny. Profemora with tegument with sparse micropunctation and without microsculpture at anterior half and with strong rivose microsculpture at posterior half and on anterior margin. Protibiae narrow and with distinct expansion on internal edge; at apical third, external edge with three small acute teeth; the two most apical ones subequal in length and larger than basal (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270FDD0FD40A03944D" box="[198,301,1013,1040]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="25.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[196,1391,645,1731]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[189,1399,645,1755]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Fig. 11. Morphological diversity in the protibiae of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov. B. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1869) comb. nov. C. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. D. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). G. S. bridarollii (northern populations). H. S. attenboroughi sp. nov. I. S. edmondsi sp. nov. J. S. candezei (Harold, 1869). Note the variation related to the presence and degree of development of an expansion on the internal edge of protibiae and to the number, size and position of the external teeth." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824801" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824801/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
). Mesofemora margined anteriorly only at basal half; unmargined portion of anterior edge with row of short setae; posterior margin absent; tegument with strong rivose microsculpture. Metafemora margined only anteriorly, posterior margin absent; apical third of anterior edge covered by row of setae; with strong coarse elongate punctation at base and with sparse micropunctation on rest of tegument, which is covered by rivose microsculpture (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270DDA08A7080594FD" box="[705,811,1158,1184]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,708,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1399,708,1733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Morphological variation in the metafemora of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). Note the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of the metafemur (arrow) and the tegument without microsculpture. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). Observe the tegument entirely covered by coarse non-elongate punctures. C. S. monnei sp. nov. D. S. mayri sp. nov. E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. edmondsi sp. nov. G. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). H. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (northern populations). Note the differences in colouration and in the presence of coarse punctation at the base of metafemur in the two ends of the clinal variation observed in S. bridarollii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824805/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
). Metatarsomeres II and V subequal in length and longer than the others; metatarsomere IV shorter than others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA608CC0E2F95CA" blockId="154.[189,1399,1260,1431]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">ELYTRA. With only seven narrow visible striae: the first three or four striae well marked, finely carinulate, and widened at base; fifth to seventh striae progressively more effaced and interrupted; all striae lack carinulae before reaching apex of elytra, marked only by microsculpture or completely indistinct; humeral carina absent. Tegument of interstriae matte, with strong alveolar microsculpture throughout elytra surface; micropunctation totally oblitered by microsculpture and almost imperceptible.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA6099E0FE0967C" blockId="154.[189,1399,1471,1570]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">ABDOMEN. Tegument of ventrites I–V with strong rivose microsculpture; ventrite VI smooth at centre and with weak rivose microsculpture on sides. Pygidium with shiny tegument; at centre, with diffuse microsculpture and dense micropunctation; on sides, with evident rivose microsculpture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF270FA60A6B0F9296F1" blockId="154.[189,1398,1609,1708]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
AEDEAGUS. Parameres longer than half-length of phallobase and with no noticeable asymmetry, both external faces flat. In lateral view, parameres with apices widely bifurcate, with inferior branch distinctly projected and divergent from superior branch; without ventral keel or notch (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270B580AB30F8096F1" box="[1091,1198,1682,1708]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[189,232,1965,1991]" captionTargetBox="[193,1395,1019,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@51.[189,1399,1007,1932]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 19. Aedeagus morphological diversity in Sylvicanthon. A. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). C. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. monnei sp. nov. E. S. mayri sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824817" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824817/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0EFF260FA60AF508309115" blockId="154.[189,1399,1748,2027]" lastBlockId="155.[189,1399,267,328]" lastPageId="155" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0EFF270EAB0AF50AD596B3" bold="true" box="[432,507,1748,1774]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Males</emphasis>
: Protibial spur broad and bifid, with external projection spiniform and not much longer than internal projection, which is bent and widened (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270CD70AD90F15974E" box="[972,1083,1784,1811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="30.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[196,1383,292,1753]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[196,1383,289,1754]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Fig. 15. Morphological variation and sexual dimorphism in the protibial spur of Sylvicanthon. A. S. enkerlini (Martínez et al., 1964) comb. nov., ♂. B. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. C. S. candezei (Harold, 1869), ♂. D. S. genieri sp. nov., ♂. E. S. aequinoctialis (Harold, 1868), ♂. F. S. aequinoctialis comb. nov., ♀. G. S. proseni (Martínez, 1949) stat. et comb. nov., ♂. H. S. proseni stat. et comb. nov., ♀. I. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949), ♂. J. S. seag sp. nov., ♂. K. S. edmondsi sp. nov.,♂. L. S. attenboroughi sp. nov., ♂. M. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. N. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920), ♂. O. S. securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov., ♂." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824809/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 15N</figureCitation>
). Abdomen without lateral foveae. Ventrite VI strongly narrowed at centre, with posterior posterior edge emarginate; anterior edge covered by weak medial flange of posterior edge of ventrite V. Pygidium very long (length between 1.4 and 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0EFF270E060B440A559722" box="[285,379,1893,1919]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
) and convex; apical margin much wider than lateral margins. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0EFF270B440B440FE89722" bold="true" box="[1119,1222,1893,1919]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Females</emphasis>
: Protibial spur simple, spiniform. Abdomen with three pairs of lateral transverse foveae between ventrites I–II, II–III, and III–IV, respectively; foveae not margined by row of long setae (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0EFF270CFC0B8D0F7B979A" box="[999,1109,1964,1991]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,584,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,578,1934]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Abdominal lateral foveae of females (arrows). A. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). B. S. mayri sp. nov. C. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824811/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
). Ventrite VI very broad at centre, posterior edge straight, without emargination; anterior edge subtly covered by weak medial flange of posterior edge of ventrite V. Pygidium shorter (between 1.1 and 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0FFF260B170D2A0F49917B" box="[1036,1127,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
) and flat; apical margin of pygidium only slightly wider than lateral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60D510A5B91D7" blockId="155.[189,373,368,394]" box="[189,373,368,394]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<heading id="74728181FF0FFF260FA60D510A5B91D7" bold="true" box="[189,373,368,394]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260FA60D510A5B91D7" bold="true" box="[189,373,368,394]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Measurements</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60DBF09D991A2" blockId="155.[189,1399,414,511]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Males (N = 11). 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260E610DBE0A8591E4" bold="true" box="[378,427,415,441]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">TL:</emphasis>
AV: 7 ± 0.53; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260D490DBE09A891E4" box="[594,646,415,441]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 7.9; MN: 6.2. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260C280DBE084591E4" bold="true" box="[819,875,415,441]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">EW:</emphasis>
AV: 5.2 ± 0.29; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260B330DBE0F7291E4" box="[1064,1116,415,441]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 5.8; MN: 4.7. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260A120DBE0E6B91E4" bold="true" box="[1289,1349,415,441]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PrL:</emphasis>
AV: 2.4 ± 0.13; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260E590DE30A589181" box="[322,374,450,476]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 2.6; MN: 2.2. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260D3D0DE309449181" bold="true" box="[550,618,450,476]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PrW:</emphasis>
AV: 4.4 ± 0.21; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260C320DE308739181" box="[809,861,450,476]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 4.8; MN: 4.1. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260B160DE30F659181" bold="true" box="[1037,1099,450,476]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PgL:</emphasis>
AV: 1.2 ± 0.07; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260A100DE30E119181" box="[1291,1343,450,476]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 1.4; MN: 1.1. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260E340DC40A4091A2" bold="true" box="[303,366,485,511]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PgC:</emphasis>
AV: 2.2 ± 0.12; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260D2B0DC4094A91A2" box="[560,612,485,511]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 2.4; MN: 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60E0708A892DA" blockId="155.[189,1399,550,648]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Females (N = 6). 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260E8D0E060AE9921C" bold="true" box="[406,455,551,577]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">TL:</emphasis>
AV: 7.4 ± 0.40; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260D8C0E0609E5921C" box="[663,715,551,577]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 8.1; MN: 7.0. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260C9C0E0608EE921C" bold="true" box="[903,960,551,577]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">EW:</emphasis>
AV: 5.4 ± 0.15; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260B8B0E060FEA921C" box="[1168,1220,551,577]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 5.5; MN: 5.1. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260FA60E6B0BD79239" bold="true" box="[189,249,586,612]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PrL:</emphasis>
AV: 2.4 ± 0.12; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260EA30E6B0AC29239" box="[440,492,586,612]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 2.5; MN: 2.2. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260D800E6B09F19239" bold="true" box="[667,735,586,612]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PrW:</emphasis>
AV: 4.6 ± 0.12; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260C840E6B08FD9239" box="[927,979,586,612]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 4.8; MN: 4.5. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260B990E6B0F919239" bold="true" box="[1154,1215,586,612]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PgL:</emphasis>
AV: 1.0 ± 0.09; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260FA60E4C0BDF92DA" box="[189,241,621,647]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 1.1; MN: 0.9. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260EB90E4C0AC692DA" bold="true" box="[418,488,621,647]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">PgW:</emphasis>
AV: 2.3 ± 0.15; 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260DB30E4C09F292DA" box="[680,732,621,647]" name="Mexico" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">MX</collectingCountry>
: 2.4; MN: 2.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60E8F092C9295" blockId="155.[189,514,686,712]" box="[189,514,686,712]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<heading id="74728181FF0FFF260FA60E8F092C9295" bold="true" box="[189,514,686,712]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260FA60E8F092C9295" bold="true" box="[189,514,686,712]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60EFC09DD92AA" blockId="155.[189,755,733,759]" box="[189,755,733,759]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Eastern slopes of the Andes in 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260D3C0EFC097392AA" box="[551,605,733,759]" name="Peru" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Peru</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0FFF260D8E0EFC09C592AA" box="[661,747,733,759]" name="Bolivia" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7BFA6665FF0FFF260FA60BAD080C97B0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824869" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3824869" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824869/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" startId="155.[189,232,1932,1958]" targetBox="[189,1385,796,1895]" targetPageId="155">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0FFF260FA60BAD080C97B0" blockId="155.[189,1398,1932,2029]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260FA60BAD0A3397FB" bold="true" box="[189,285,1932,1958]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 43.</emphasis>
The three Amazonian species of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0FFF260DF20BAD081C97FB" box="[745,818,1932,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260DF20BAD081C97FB" box="[745,818,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260CA60BAD08D497FB" bold="true" box="[957,1018,1932,1958]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">A, D</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0FFF260B170BAD0A2B9797" authority="(Schmidt, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260B170BAD0FD697FB" box="[1036,1272,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Sylvicanthon furvus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0FFF260A170BAD0BD29797" author="Schmidt A." pageId="155" pageNumber="156" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260E0B0B8E0A0B9794" bold="true" box="[272,293,1967,1993]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">A</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260ECE0B910AC49797" bold="true" box="[469,490,1968,1994]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">D</emphasis>
. Ventral view. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260DBB0B9109F79797" bold="true" box="[672,729,1968,1994]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">B, E</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0FFF260DF20B9108709794" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[745,862,1968,1994]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260DF20B9108709794" box="[745,862,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0FFF260C730B9108EA9797" box="[872,964,1968,1994]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260CD60B9108CF9797" bold="true" box="[973,993,1968,1994]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">B</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260B8A0B910F8B9797" bold="true" box="[1169,1189,1968,1994]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">E</emphasis>
. Ventral view. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260A410B8E0BE197B0" bold="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">C, F</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0FFF260FC50BF20A1197B1" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[222,319,2003,2029]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260FC50BF20A1197B1" box="[222,319,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0FFF260E5C0BF20A8F97B0" box="[327,417,2003,2029]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260EB30BF30A9397B1" bold="true" box="[424,445,2002,2028]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">C</emphasis>
. Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0FFF260D7C0BF2095797B0" bold="true" box="[615,633,2003,2029]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">F</emphasis>
. Ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60D2A0A699178" blockId="156.[189,327,267,293]" box="[189,327,267,293]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="74728181FF08FF210FA60D2A0A699178" bold="true" box="[189,327,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FA60D2A0A699178" bold="true" box="[189,327,267,293]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Ecoregions</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60D1B0FB99109" blockId="156.[189,1175,314,341]" box="[189,1175,314,341]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
Peruvian Yungas, Bolivian Yungas. Eastern slopes of the Andes in 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210CD00D1A0F2F9108" box="[971,1025,315,341]" name="Peru" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Peru</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210B220D1B0FBD9109" box="[1081,1171,314,340]" name="Bolivia" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60D5D0AC991CA" blockId="156.[189,487,380,407]" box="[189,487,380,407]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FA60D5D0A5791CB" bold="true" box="[189,377,380,406]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Collecting sites</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF08FF210E920D5D0AF091CA" box="[393,478,380,407]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="144.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,957,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[189,1399,949,1921]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Fig. 41. Distribution of Sylvicanthon securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. and the four species of the furvus subgroup." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824865/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60D8D0E2E919B" blockId="156.[189,1280,427,455]" box="[189,1280,427,455]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210FA60D8D0A22919B" box="[189,268,428,454]" name="Peru" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">PERU</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210E0C0D8A0A71919B" bold="true" box="[279,351,427,454]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF08FF210E0C0D8A0A71919B" box="[279,351,427,454]" country="Peru" name="Junin" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Junín</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: Chanchamayo. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D3F0D8D095C919B" bold="true" box="[548,626,428,454]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF08FF210D3F0D8D095C919B" box="[548,626,428,454]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
: La Convención (Echarate), Quispicanchi (Marcapata).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60DCF0E089254" blockId="156.[189,1318,494,521]" box="[189,1318,494,521]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210FA60DCF0A179255" box="[189,313,494,520]" name="Bolivia" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">BOLIVIA</collectingCountry>
. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210E5F0DCF0AB29255" bold="true" box="[324,412,494,520]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">La Paz</emphasis>
: Larecaja (Guanay), Murillo (Farinas, Zongo), Nor Yungas (Coroico, Suapi).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60E1108379217" blockId="156.[189,793,560,587]" box="[189,793,560,587]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<heading id="74728181FF08FF210FA60E1108379217" bold="true" box="[189,793,560,587]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FA60E1108379217" bold="true" box="[189,793,560,587]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60E410A8E9412" blockId="156.[189,1399,608,1103]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
The 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210FED0E410A6E9227" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[246,320,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FED0E410A6E9227" box="[246,320,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup represents the assemblage with the most complex taxonomy in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210BCD0E410E419227" authorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" authorityYear="1977" box="[1238,1391,608,634]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210BCD0E410E419227" box="[1238,1391,608,634]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Sylvicanthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One of the reasons for this is the small number of specimens found in collections: while we could examine 2060 specimens of the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210DC20E89087A929F" baseAuthorityName="Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[729,852,680,706]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bridarollii">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210DC20E89087A929F" box="[729,852,680,706]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">bridarollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup, the other subgroup with an intricate taxonomy, we had in front of us only 
<specimenCount id="3983FD64FF08FF210D980EEA080B92BB" box="[643,805,715,742]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="generic">53 specimens</specimenCount>
of the three rarest species of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210BAD0EED0E2E92BB" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1206,1280,716,742]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210BAD0EED0E2E92BB" box="[1206,1280,716,742]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup (i.e., excluding 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210E630ED1092F9357" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[376,513,752,778]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210E630ED1092F9357" box="[376,513,752,778]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). At least in part, this is a consequence of the small number of collections made in the species’ occurrence area (the slopes of the Andes in 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210CB20F350F2E9373" box="[937,1024,788,814]" name="Bolivia" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF08FF210B2C0F350F439373" box="[1079,1133,788,814]" name="Peru" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Peru</collectingCountry>
for 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210B870F350E2D9373" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1180,1283,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210B870F350E2D9373" box="[1180,1283,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, southern Amazonia for 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210E6B0F190AC6930F" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[368,488,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210E6B0F190AC6930F" box="[368,488,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210EEF0F19097D930F" box="[500,595,824,850]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and western Amazonia for 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210CB60F190F3A930F" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[941,1044,824,850]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210CB60F190F3A930F" box="[941,1044,824,850]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210B040F190FAD930F" box="[1055,1155,824,850]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Nevertheless, it is probable that these species should have natural low population densities, since even modern collections made with pitfall traps baited with dung did not yield a large number of individuals (e.g., specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210FFB0F850A7993E3" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[224,343,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FFB0F850A7993E3" box="[224,343,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210E7A0F850A9193E3" box="[353,447,932,958]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
collected in the northern region of Mato Grosso and the 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF08FF210B660F850FCB93E3" box="[1149,1253,932,958]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210A0A0F850E5893E3" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1297,1398,932,958]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210A0A0F850E5893E3" box="[1297,1398,932,958]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210FA60FE90A3493BF" box="[189,282,968,994]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
in Rio Branco, Acre). A second reason for such a complex taxonomy in the 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210BAE0FE90FD193BF" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1205,1279,968,994]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210BAE0FE90FD193BF" box="[1205,1279,968,994]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup is the tenuous morphological differences found between 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C6B0FCD08FB945B" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[880,981,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C6B0FCD08FB945B" box="[880,981,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210CC40FCD0F6E945B" box="[991,1088,1004,1030]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210B550FCD0F97945B" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1102,1209,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210B550FCD0F97945B" box="[1102,1209,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210BE40FCD0E58945B" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1279,1398,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210BE40FCD0E58945B" box="[1279,1398,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210FA608310A379477" box="[189,281,1040,1066]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(distinctions between 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210D3E083109809477" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1920" box="[549,686,1040,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D3E083109809477" box="[549,686,1040,1066]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and these three species were discussed anteriorly; see more details on 
<tableCitation id="62070356FF08FF210E2C08150ABF9412" box="[311,401,1076,1103]" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="157.[189,258,268,294]" captionText="Table 5. Summary of the morphological and distributional differences between the four species of the furvus subgroup." pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Table 5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF210FA60857095497D8" blockId="156.[189,1399,1142,1925]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
The differences between 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210EEB0856097594CD" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[496,603,1142,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210EEB0856097594CD" box="[496,603,1142,1169]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210D75085609FD94CD" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[622,723,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D75085609FD94CD" box="[622,723,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210DC40856081094CC" box="[735,830,1143,1169]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C65085608D894CD" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[894,1014,1143,1169]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C65085608D894CD" box="[894,1014,1143,1169]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210B1908560F4E94CC" box="[1026,1120,1143,1169]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
may be classified into two groups: those referring to the microsculpture and those referring to the shape of the parameres. Regarding the former, we observe that 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210D9A089E09C99485" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[641,743,1214,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D9A089E09C99485" box="[641,743,1214,1241]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possesses a much stronger microsculpture than 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210A0D089E0E589485" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1302,1398,1215,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210A0D089E0E589485" box="[1302,1398,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210FA608C20A3594A0" box="[189,283,1251,1277]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210E4008C20AFC94A1" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[347,466,1251,1277]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210E4008C20AFC94A1" box="[347,466,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210EC508C2091294A0" box="[478,572,1251,1277]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
over the body. The head of the first species is covered by a dense, strongly impressed alveolar microsculpture, which makes the tegument more opaque, while the other two species have the head largely microsculptured, but this microsculpture is much weaker and, in some areas of the head (especially on frons), it can be totally absent, which makes the tegument much brighter. The meso- and metafemora of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210D94095209D895D1" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[655,758,1394,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D94095209D895D1" box="[655,758,1394,1421]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are entirely covered by a strong rivose microsculpture and have micropunctation almost imperceptible, while these structures are smooth in almost the entirety of their tegument (except for the anterior region of the apical area, which has a rivose microsculpture) and show an evident micropunctation in both 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210DC209FE081595A5" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[729,827,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210DC209FE081595A5" box="[729,827,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210C5809FE08B095A4" box="[835,926,1503,1529]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210CCC09FE0F6595A5" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[983,1099,1503,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210CCC09FE0F6595A5" box="[983,1099,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210B4809FE0F8095A4" box="[1107,1198,1503,1529]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<superScript id="D8F09BA5FF08FF210BB509FC0F9195B6" attach="left" box="[1198,1215,1501,1515]" fontSize="6" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">22</superScript>
(the profemora also have rivose microsculpture more strongly marked in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C680A2208F29641" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[883,988,1538,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C680A2208F29641" box="[883,988,1538,1565]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in the other two species, but this difference is less noticeable). The pygidium of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C3D0A0608A1961D" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[806,911,1574,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C3D0A0608A1961D" box="[806,911,1574,1601]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has microsculpture ranging from having a clear alveolation to a completely diffuse one, while the microsculpture in both 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210B660A6A0FF19639" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1149,1247,1611,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210B660A6A0FF19639" box="[1149,1247,1611,1637]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210BF30A6A0E6A9638" box="[1256,1348,1611,1637]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210FA60A4E0A1F96D5" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,305,1647,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FA60A4E0A1F96D5" box="[189,305,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210E210A4E0ABB96D4" box="[314,405,1647,1673]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is absent in almost the entire tegument and may be present only at the base (and, in this latter case, it is more evident in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210D700AB209F196F1" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[619,735,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210D700AB209F196F1" box="[619,735,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210DFC0AB2086D96F0" box="[743,835,1683,1709]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210CB80AB20F2B96F1" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[931,1029,1683,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210CB80AB20F2B96F1" box="[931,1029,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210B150AB20F4396F0" box="[1038,1133,1683,1709]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). Finally, on the elytra rest the major differences between the three species: in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C500A96089F968D" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[843,945,1718,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C500A96089F968D" box="[843,945,1718,1745]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the entire elytral tegument is covered by a strongly-marked alveolar microsculpture so that the tegument has a very weak, diffuse silky shine. In 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210FC50ADE0A6C9745" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[222,322,1791,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FC50ADE0A6C9745" box="[222,322,1791,1817]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210E500ADE0A849744" box="[331,426,1791,1817]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the tegument presents a very diffuse microsculpture, without an evident alveolar pattern, and, consequently, is more intense bright. Lastly, in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210C8A0B020F289761" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[913,1030,1827,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210C8A0B020F289761" box="[913,1030,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210B0B0B020F419760" box="[1040,1135,1827,1853]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, the microsculpture is completely absent on the elytra, which gives the tegument a smooth appearance with a strong, lustrous shine, and micropunctation is present.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF08FF230FA60B8C0A4D91CF" blockId="156.[189,1399,1965,2027]" lastBlockId="158.[189,1399,267,402]" lastPageId="158" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
The differences in the shape of the parameres are determinant for the separation of both 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210BC00B8C0E6D979A" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1243,1347,1965,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210BC00B8C0E6D979A" box="[1243,1347,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210FA60BF00A3097B6" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,286,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210FA60BF00A3097B6" box="[189,286,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210E3E0BF00A5197B6" box="[293,383,2001,2027]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
from 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF08FF210EDE0BF0091697B6" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[453,568,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF08FF210EDE0BF0091697B6" box="[453,568,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF08FF210D240BF009B797B6" box="[575,665,2001,2027]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
The paramere apex of the first two species, which do not show any differences from each other, has a strong bifurcation, with two widely divergent branches, being the inferior branch well developed and with a strong excavation posteriorly to it (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230B590D0E0FB99117" box="[1090,1175,303,330]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="161.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,1040,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@161.[189,1397,1024,1709]" captionTargetPageId="161" captionText="Fig. 44. Differences on the parameres of Sylvicanthon mayri sp. nov. and S. monnei sp. nov. (grayish zones represent original membraneous areas). A–B. S. mayri sp. nov. C–D. S. monnei sp. nov. Note that both branches of the apical bifurcation of the parameres of S. mayri sp. nov. are much more divergent than those of S. monnei sp. nov., which makes the internal angle between them more open in the first species (~110º) than in the second (~78º). In the same way, as the inferior branch is much more projected in S. mayri sp. nov. than in S. monnei sp. nov., the angle between the posterior region of that branch and the rest of the paramere is more open in S. monnei sp. nov. (~147º) than in S. mayri sp. nov. (~137º), species that seems to have a strong excavation at this point of the paramere (indicated by red arrow in A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824871/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
A–B). In 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230A180D110E589114" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1283,1398,304,330]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230A180D110E589114" box="[1283,1398,304,330]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230FA60D750A349133" box="[189,282,340,366]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in contrast, the apical bifurcation is much weaker, and the inferior branch is short and straight (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230FDD0D590A3291CF" box="[198,284,376,402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="161.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[194,1388,1040,1698]" captionTargetId="figure@161.[189,1397,1024,1709]" captionTargetPageId="161" captionText="Fig. 44. Differences on the parameres of Sylvicanthon mayri sp. nov. and S. monnei sp. nov. (grayish zones represent original membraneous areas). A–B. S. mayri sp. nov. C–D. S. monnei sp. nov. Note that both branches of the apical bifurcation of the parameres of S. mayri sp. nov. are much more divergent than those of S. monnei sp. nov., which makes the internal angle between them more open in the first species (~110º) than in the second (~78º). In the same way, as the inferior branch is much more projected in S. mayri sp. nov. than in S. monnei sp. nov., the angle between the posterior region of that branch and the rest of the paramere is more open in S. monnei sp. nov. (~147º) than in S. mayri sp. nov. (~137º), species that seems to have a strong excavation at this point of the paramere (indicated by red arrow in A)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824871" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824871/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
C–D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7BFA6665FF09FF200FA60D2D0AAD9115" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF09FF200FA60D2D0AAD9115" blockId="157.[189,1399,267,329]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FA60D2D0A0E917B" bold="true" box="[189,288,268,294]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Table 5.</emphasis>
Summary of the morphological and distributional differences between the four species of the 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF09FF200FA60D0E0A289114" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[189,262,303,329]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FA60D0E0A289114" box="[189,262,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgroup.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF09FF200EA50D570E349787" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<table id="5D85C44DFF0900420FD60D570E5E9787" box="[205,1392,374,2010]" gridcols="5" gridrows="9" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60D570E5E91F0" box="[205,1392,374,429]" gridrow="0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630D57094091F0" box="[376,622,374,429]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF09FF200EA50D57097A91F0" authority="(Schmidt, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200EA50D57097A91F0" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200EA50D57091591D3" bold="true" box="[446,571,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">S. obscurus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF09FF200EB70DB4096291F0" author="Schmidt A." box="[428,588,405,429]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620D57084191F0" box="[633,879,374,429]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF09FF200D910D57083C91F0" authority="(Schmidt, 1920)" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200D910D57083C91F0" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200D910D5709C591D3" bold="true" box="[650,747,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">S. furvus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF09FF200DE20D57082591F0" author="Schmidt A." pageId="157" pageNumber="158" pagination="114 - 147" refId="ref145242" refString="Schmidt A. 1920. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattungen Canthon Hffsg., Sybax Boh., Aphodius Ill., Simogenius Har., Ataenius Har. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A 86 (9): 114 - 147. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 13314274 [accessed 30 May 2018]." type="journal article" year="1920">Schmidt, 1920</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660D570F4391F0" box="[893,1133,374,429]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200C890D570F7691D3" bold="true" box="[914,1112,374,398]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF09FF200C890D5708D091D3" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[914,1022,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200C890D5708D091D3" bold="true" box="[914,1022,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF09FF200B1E0D570F7691D3" box="[1029,1112,374,398]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600D570E5E91F0" box="[1147,1392,374,429]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200B870D570E7E91D3" bold="true" box="[1180,1360,374,398]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF09FF200B870D570FD891D3" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1180,1270,374,398]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200B870D570FD891D3" bold="true" box="[1180,1270,374,398]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF09FF200BE70D570E7E91D3" box="[1276,1360,374,398]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60DEF0E5E9239" box="[205,1392,462,612]" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD60DEF0A4D9239" box="[205,355,462,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FC90DEE0A1C925B" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Tegument of head</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630DEF09409239" box="[376,622,462,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">With diffuse shine, with strong alveolar microsculpture present throughout the tegument</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620DEF08419239" box="[633,879,462,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">With diffuse shine, with strong alveolar microsculpture present throughout the tegument</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660DEF0F439239" box="[893,1133,462,612]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Shiny, with weak alveolar microsculpture, which, in some areas, is completely absent</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600DEF0E5E9239" box="[1147,1392,462,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Shiny, with weak alveolar microsculpture, which, in some areas, is completely absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60E5A0E5E9333" box="[205,1392,635,878]" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD60E5A0A4D9333" box="[205,355,635,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FC90E5D0A7592AC" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Tegument of ventral face of meso- and metafemora</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630E5A09409333" box="[376,622,635,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Entirely covered by rivose microsculpture, with no smooth area; micropunctation fine, almost imperceptible</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620E5A08419333" box="[633,879,635,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Entirely covered by rivose microsculpture, with no smooth area; micropunctation fine, almost imperceptible</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660E5A0F439333" box="[893,1133,635,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Smooth throughout most of tegument, excepting the anterior apical area of rivose microsculpture; micropunctation fine and evident in the smooth areas</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600E5A0E5E9333" box="[1147,1392,635,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Smooth throughout most of tegument, excepting the anterior apical area of rivose microsculpture; micropunctation fine and evident in the smooth areas</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60FA70E5E93A1" box="[205,1392,902,1020]" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD60FA70A4D93A1" box="[205,355,902,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FEA0FA70A7593A1" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Coarse punctation at base of metafemora</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630FA7094093A1" box="[376,622,902,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Absent</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620FA7084193A1" box="[633,879,902,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Elongate punctures usually (but not always) well marked</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660FA70F4393A1" box="[893,1133,902,1020]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Elongate punctures usually (but not always) well marked</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600FA70E5E93A1" box="[1147,1392,902,1020]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Modified into simple fine punctures and always only slightly marked</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD608350E5E9495" box="[205,1392,1044,1224]" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD608350A4D9495" box="[205,355,1044,1224]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FC908350A169411" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Tegument of elytra</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E63083509409495" box="[376,622,1044,1224]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Smooth and with evident micropunctation at centre and with strong alveolar microsculpture on sides and apex</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D62083508419495" box="[633,879,1044,1224]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Matte, with strong alveolar microsculpture present throughout the tegument</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C6608350F439495" box="[893,1133,1044,1224]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Shiny and smooth, with almost no trace of microsculpture throughout the tegument</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B6008350E5E9495" box="[1147,1392,1044,1224]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Shiny, with diffuse microsculpture, difficult to see and with ill-delimited alveoli</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD608C00E5E952B" box="[205,1392,1249,1398]" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD608C00A4D952B" box="[205,355,1249,1398]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FF408C00A4D956A" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Female abdomen lateral foveae</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E6308C00940952B" box="[376,622,1249,1398]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Always strongly marked and deep; with row of long setae on anterior margin</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D6208C00841952B" box="[633,879,1249,1398]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Always strongly marked and deep; glabrous</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C6608C00F43952B" box="[893,1133,1249,1398]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Always strongly marked and deep; glabrous</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B6008C00E5E952B" box="[1147,1392,1249,1398]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Very shallow (particularly between ventrites III─IV) and poorly marked; glabrous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD609AC0E5E967E" box="[205,1392,1421,1571]" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD609AC0A4D967E" box="[205,355,1421,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FC909AF0A629599" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Tegument of pygidium</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E6309AC0940967E" box="[376,622,1421,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">With strong alveolar microsculpture throughout the tegument</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D6209AC0841967E" box="[633,879,1421,1571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">With diffuse alveolar microsculpture, at centre and apex, and strong rivose microsculpture at base</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C6609AC0F43967E" box="[893,1133,1421,1571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Completely smooth at centre with occasional microsculpture present only on sides</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B6009AC0E5E967E" box="[1147,1392,1421,1571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Completely smooth at centre with occasional microsculpture present only on sides</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60A1B0E5E9770" box="[205,1392,1594,1837]" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD60A1B0A4D9770" box="[205,355,1594,1837]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FF60A1B0A4F96CC" bold="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Apex of parameres (lateral view)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630A1B09409770" box="[376,622,1594,1837]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Strongly bifurcate; without a membrane connecting apical branches; superior branch very projected upwards, and inferior branch projected forwards</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620A1B08419770" box="[633,879,1594,1837]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Strongly bifurcate; with fine membrane connecting apical branches; inferior branch well projected and widely divergent from superior branch</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660A1B0F439770" box="[893,1133,1594,1837]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Only weakly bifurcate; with fine membrane connecting apical branches; inferior branch slightly indicated and parallel to superior branch</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600A1B0E5E9770" box="[1147,1392,1594,1837]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Strongly bifurcate; with fine membrane connecting apical branches; inferior branch well projected and widely divergent from superior branch</td>
</tr>
<tr id="91B534AFFF0900420FD60B640E5E9787" box="[205,1392,1861,2010]" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<th id="D2645DD3FF0900420FD60B640A4D9787" box="[205,355,1861,2010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF09FF200FCF0B640A729700" bold="true" box="[212,348,1861,1885]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Distribution</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420E630B6409409787" box="[376,622,1861,2010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Northern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, from Alagoas south to Espírito Santo</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420D620B6408419787" box="[633,879,1861,2010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420C660B640F439787" box="[893,1133,1861,2010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Southern Amazonia, in the Brazilian states of Pará and Mato Grosso</td>
<td id="D2645DD3FF0900420B600B640E5E9787" box="[1147,1392,1861,2010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Western Amazonia Colombia, Brazil (Amazonas and Acre) and Peru. Still little known</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA60D9B08D993F6" blockId="158.[189,1399,442,939]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Distinctions related to the coarse punctation at the base of the metafemora and to the female abdominal foveae approach 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E980DFE0AC691A5" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[387,488,478,505]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E980DFE0AC691A5" box="[387,488,478,505]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230D170DFE095091A5" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[524,638,479,505]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230D170DFE095091A5" box="[524,638,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230D9E0DFE09F091A4" box="[645,734,479,505]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
on the one side, and separate them from 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230BAD0DFE0E3991A5" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1206,1303,479,505]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230BAD0DFE0E3991A5" box="[1206,1303,479,505]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230A060DFE0E5991A4" box="[1309,1399,479,505]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
on the other. The coarse punctures of metafemora are usually longer and more well impressed in the first two species (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230E940E070930921C" box="[399,542,550,577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,708,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1399,708,1733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Morphological variation in the metafemora of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). Note the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of the metafemur (arrow) and the tegument without microsculpture. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). Observe the tegument entirely covered by coarse non-elongate punctures. C. S. monnei sp. nov. D. S. mayri sp. nov. E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. edmondsi sp. nov. G. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). H. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (northern populations). Note the differences in colouration and in the presence of coarse punctation at the base of metafemur in the two ends of the clinal variation observed in S. bridarollii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824805/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 13C, E</figureCitation>
), while they are finer and much weaker in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230B3A0E060FAD921D" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1057,1155,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230B3A0E060FAD921D" box="[1057,1155,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230B960E060FC7921C" box="[1165,1257,551,577]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230BE10E070E47921C" box="[1274,1385,550,577]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1752,1778]" captionTargetBox="[195,1393,708,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[189,1399,708,1733]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 13. Morphological variation in the metafemora of Sylvicanthon Halffter &amp; Martínez, 1977. A. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920). Note the presence of coarse elongate punctures at the base of the metafemur (arrow) and the tegument without microsculpture. B. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). Observe the tegument entirely covered by coarse non-elongate punctures. C. S. monnei sp. nov. D. S. mayri sp. nov. E. S. furvus (Schmidt, 1920). F. S. edmondsi sp. nov. G. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (southern populations). H. S. bridarollii (Martínez, 1949) (northern populations). Note the differences in colouration and in the presence of coarse punctation at the base of metafemur in the two ends of the clinal variation observed in S. bridarollii." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824805" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824805/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
). Nonetheless, there is a variation in the intensity on which these punctures are marked in different individuals of a same species (and also in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230DD90E4E084292D4" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[706,876,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="foveiventris">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230DD90E4E084292D4" box="[706,876,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. foveiventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230CB10E4E0F6A92D4" baseAuthorityName="Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[938,1092,623,649]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bridarollii">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230CB10E4E0F6A92D4" box="[938,1092,623,649]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. bridarollii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the other two species in which these punctures are present). It is important to bear in mind, however, that it is only possible to see this distinction at the populational level, not at the individual one. The real difference should rest, therefore, when we see populations as a whole (in average, punctures are more profound in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230A190EFD0E5892A8" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1282,1398,732,758]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230A190EFD0E5892A8" box="[1282,1398,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230FA60F210A349347" box="[189,282,768,794]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E430F210AEE9344" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[344,448,767,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E430F210AEE9344" box="[344,448,767,794]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230D3C0F2109A59344" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[551,651,768,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230D3C0F2109A59344" box="[551,651,768,794]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230D8E0F2109D99347" box="[661,759,768,794]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). When we have larger series of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230B9D0F210FC19344" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[1158,1263,767,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230B9D0F210FC19344" box="[1158,1263,767,794]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230A1B0F210E589344" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1280,1398,768,794]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230A1B0F210E589344" box="[1280,1398,768,794]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230FA60F050A369363" box="[189,280,804,830]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and, especially, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230EC60F0509119360" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[477,575,804,830]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230EC60F0509119360" box="[477,575,804,830]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230D530F0509889363" box="[584,678,804,830]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, we will be able to test more firmly whether this observation is correct or not. As for the abdominal foveae, they are as profound and clearly marked in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230A1A0F690E58933C" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[1281,1398,840,866]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230A1A0F690E58933C" box="[1281,1398,840,866]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230FA60F4D0A3793DB" box="[189,281,876,902]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as in 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E7A0F4D0AE693DB" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[353,456,876,902]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E7A0F4D0AE693DB" box="[353,456,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230EC10F4D096693DA" box="[474,584,876,903]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,584,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,578,1934]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Abdominal lateral foveae of females (arrows). A. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). B. S. mayri sp. nov. C. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824811/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
), while they are very shallow (particularly the one between ventrites III–IV) in the only two known females of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230DB00FB1082293F7" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[683,780,912,938]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230DB00FB1082293F7" box="[683,780,912,938]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230C0F0FB1084093F7" box="[788,878,912,938]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230C650FB108C793F6" box="[894,1001,912,939]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="41.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,584,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@41.[189,1399,578,1934]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Fig. 16. Abdominal lateral foveae of females (arrows). A. Sylvicanthon furvus (Schmidt, 1920). B. S. mayri sp. nov. C. S. obscurus (Schmidt, 1920). D. S. foveiventris (Schmidt, 1920)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824811" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824811/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA60FF308789498" blockId="158.[189,1399,978,1221]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Along with the morphological differences listed so far, these three species are totally allopatric, without any known overlapping zone between their distributions (
<figureCitation id="B7BE2A68FF0AFF230C700FD708EB944D" box="[875,965,1014,1040]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="144.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[199,1386,957,1921]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[189,1399,949,1921]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="Fig. 41. Distribution of Sylvicanthon securus (Schmidt, 1920) comb. nov. and the four species of the furvus subgroup." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3824865" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3824865/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230CC00FD70FEA944D" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[987,1220,1014,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230CC00FD70FEA944D" box="[987,1220,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Sylvicanthon furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is restricted to the cloud forests and the yungas on the eastern slopes of the Andes, in northern 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0AFF230B64083B0FFB9469" box="[1151,1237,1050,1076]" name="Bolivia" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and southern 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0AFF230FA6081E0BD99404" box="[189,247,1087,1113]" name="Peru" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Peru</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E18081E0AD79405" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[259,505,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monnei" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E18081E0AD79405" box="[259,505,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Sylvicanthon monnei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230D19081E09709404" box="[514,606,1087,1113]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is widely distributed in southern Amazonia, in the Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Pará. Finally, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230D56084209809420" authority="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De, 2018" authorityName="Cupello &amp; Vaz-De" authorityYear="2018" box="[589,686,1123,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mayri" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230D56084209809420" box="[589,686,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. mayri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="06C25784FF0AFF230DAE084208219420" box="[693,783,1123,1149]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was recorded from four points very distant from one another in western Amazonia, in the Peruvian department of 
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF0AFF230C8808A60F6894FC" box="[915,1094,1159,1185]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Madre de Díos</collectingRegion>
, in the Brazilian states of Acre and Amazonas and in the Colombian state of Meta.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="679F6566FF0AFF230FA608CC093997B6" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA608CC0A6A955A" blockId="158.[189,324,1261,1287]" box="[189,324,1261,1287]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="74728181FF0AFF230FA608CC0A6A955A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1261,1287]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230FA608CC0A6A955A" bold="true" box="[189,324,1261,1287]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA6093C09C29605" blockId="158.[189,1399,1309,1624]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
A male 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E05093C0AA9956A" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[286,391,1309,1335]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E05093C0AA9956A" box="[286,391,1309,1335]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected in 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0AFF230D3D093C0952956A" box="[550,636,1309,1335]" name="Bolivia" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and now housed at the MZSP is labelled “HOMEOTIPO” and “ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230FD109600A019506" baseAuthorityName="Halffter &amp; Martinez" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[202,303,1345,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230FD109600A019506" box="[202,303,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Canthon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E5409600A989506" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[335,438,1345,1371]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candezei">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E5409600A989506" box="[335,438,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">candezei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230ECE0963092A9506" box="[469,516,1346,1371]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Har</emphasis>
. / P. Pereira det. 
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230DF9096008209506" box="[738,782,1345,1371]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">942</emphasis>
”. Since the term homeotype refers to an ordinary specimen compared to a type specimen (
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0AFF230DB8094408749522" author="Evenhuis N. L." box="[675,858,1381,1407]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref135017" refString="Evenhuis N. L. 2008. A compendium of zoological type nomenclature: a reference source. Bishop Museum Technical Report 41: 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="2008">Evenhuis 2008</bibRefCitation>
), it is curious to note that none of the known 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230FA609AB0A6D95FE" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[189,323,1417,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candezei">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230FA609AB0A6D95FE" box="[189,323,1417,1444]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. candezei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0AFF230E5709AB0A9D95F9" box="[332,435,1418,1444]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
bears any label by Padre Francisco Pereira, so indicating he did not have access to them. Besides, 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E88098F0937959A" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[403,537,1453,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Canthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candezei">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230E88098F0937959A" box="[403,537,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. candezei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230D4F098F0992959A" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[596,700,1453,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230D4F098F0992959A" box="[596,700,1453,1480]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very distinct in terms of morphology and, therefore, it is improbable that such an experienced entomologist as Pe. Pereira could have confused them. On the other hand, he had access to the type specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230C3B09D708A6964D" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[800,904,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230C3B09D708A6964D" box="[800,904,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 1960 (as stated by 
<bibRefCitation id="4B144B1CFF0AFF230B8A09D40BD29668" author="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A." pageId="158" pageNumber="159" pagination="37 - 55" refId="ref144264" refString="Pereira F. S. &amp; Martinez A. 1960. Notas escarabeidologicas - II. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 9: 37 - 55." type="journal article" year="1960">Pereira &amp; Martínez 1960</bibRefCitation>
), and, hence, it might be possible that the homeotype label refers in fact to this latter name and has nothing to do with the 1942 identification label.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA60AA10A5096C7" blockId="158.[189,382,1664,1690]" box="[189,382,1664,1690]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<heading id="74728181FF0AFF230FA60AA10A5096C7" bold="true" box="[189,382,1664,1690]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" reason="3">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230FA60AA10A5096C7" bold="true" box="[189,382,1664,1690]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Natural history</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2F3A36EDFF0AFF230FA60A91093997B6" blockId="158.[189,1399,1712,2027]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
Almost nothing is known on the biology of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230DD10A91081C9697" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[714,818,1712,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230DD10A91081C9697" box="[714,818,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most of the specimens examined, having likely been collected in the 19 
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and early 20 
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centuries, do not have bionomic data on their labels. The only information on the collecting methods comes from the label of a male collected in a pitfall trap (baited with human faeces?) in La Convención (
<collectingRegion id="ED41F80FFF0AFF230D880B3D09CC976B" box="[659,738,1820,1846]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Cuzco</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0AFF230DF60B3C080B976A" box="[749,805,1821,1847]" name="Peru" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Peru</collectingCountry>
) in 2010. The only four specimens with data on the collecting month report January, September, October and November. Lastly, concerning the altitudinal range, specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230EAF0B4409329723" baseAuthorityName="Schmidt" baseAuthorityYear="1920" box="[436,540,1892,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230EAF0B4409329723" box="[436,540,1892,1919]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found mostly between 
<date id="5B3B102DFF0AFF230C610B450F029722" box="[890,1068,1892,1919]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" value="1350" valueMax="1850">
1350 and 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0AFF230CEA0B450F029722" box="[1009,1068,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="1850.0">1850</quantity>
</date>
m, being 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0AFF230BBC0B450FDA9722" box="[1191,1268,1892,1919]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
the lowest record (the female collected in Guanay, 
<collectingCountry id="5792767DFF0AFF230D9D0BA909CC97FE" box="[646,738,1928,1955]" name="Bolivia" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
). The 
<typeStatus id="F03E884FFF0AFF230C3E0BA8087697FE" box="[805,856,1929,1955]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230CC30BA80FEB97FE" authority=", Marcapata" authorityName="Marcapata" box="[984,1221,1929,1955]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Sylvicanthon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furvus">
<emphasis id="1DF1EAFFFF0AFF230CC30BA80F1397FE" box="[984,1085,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">S. furvus</emphasis>
, Marcapata
</taxonomicName>
(Quispicanchi, Cuzco), is located around 
<quantity id="E87D9B08FF0AFF230EF40B8C0966979A" box="[495,584,1965,1991]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
a.s.l., which, if correct, would represent the highest altitudinal record for an American 
<taxonomicName id="E8854D6EFF0AFF230E980BF0093D97B6" authorityName=", Pereira &amp; Martinez" authorityYear="1956" box="[387,531,2001,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Deltochilini">Deltochilini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>