315 lines
33 KiB
XML
315 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.49921" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3aa0ff0e-f235-4efb-94f0-15ba44ff5e0d" ID-PMC="PMC7340629" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-944-47" ID-Pensoft-UUID="530549BF5AD95FF7B321BF51843EAD48" ID-PubMed="32684773" ID-ZooBank="CBF1BE5BD1E5408B8769E8FA935D6C78" ModsDocID="1313-2970-944-47" checkinTime="1593557106400" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wesolowska, Wanda, Azarkina, Galina N. & Wisniewski, Konrad" docDate="2020" docId="965E3E8EC29E53C78EC7E42CDB1FB3CA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 944: 47-98" docOrigin="ZooKeys 944" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.49921" docTitle="Pachyballus transversus Simon 1900" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="530549BF5AD95FF7B321BF51843EAD48" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="530549BF5AD95FF7B321BF51843EAD48" masterDocTitle="A revision of Pachyballus Simon, 1900 and Peplometus Simon, 1900 (Araneae, Salticidae, Ballini) with descriptions of new species" masterLastPageNumber="98" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1668169033184" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A revision of Pachyballus Simon, 1900 and Peplometus Simon, 1900 (Araneae, Salticidae, Ballini) with descriptions of new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wesolowska, Wanda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Taxonomy, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 65, 51 - 148 Wroclaw, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Azarkina, Galina N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Systematics of Invertebrate Animals, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Street 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Wisniewski, Konrad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Arciszewskiego 22 b, 76 - 200 Slupsk, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>944</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>47</mods:start>
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<mods:end>98</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.49921</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.49921</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-944-47</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="164844932" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:965E3E8EC29E53C78EC7E42CDB1FB3CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/965E3E8EC29E53C78EC7E42CDB1FB3CA" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName LSID="965E3E8E-C29E-53C7-8EC7-E42CDB1FB3CA" authority="Simon, 1900" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">Pachyballus transversus Simon, 1900</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 98–103" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 98 - 103. Pachyballus transversus, male 98 habitus, ventral view 99 - 102 habitus, dorsal view, 103 palpal organ, ventral view (all specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures98-103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427070" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 98-103</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 104–109" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 104 - 109. Pachyballus transversus, female 104 - 106 habitus, dorsal view 107 - 109 epigyne (dissected from specimens visible above) (104, 106 specimens from Congo 105 specimen from Ethiopia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures104-109" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427071" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 104-109</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 110–116" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 110 - 116. Pachyballus transversus 110 cheliceral dentition 111 palpal organ, ventral view 112 palpal organ, lateral view 113 - 116 epigyne (114 specimen from Ethiopia 115 specimen from Somalia 113, 116 specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 110-116</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–122" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 117 - 122. Pachyballus transversus, internal structure of epigyne 117 - 120 ventral view 121, 122 dorsal view (117 specimen from Ethiopia 118 specimen from Somalia, other specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures117-122" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427073" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 117-122</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 189–192" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figures 189 - 192. Dorsal scuta of abdomen, immature specimens. 189, 190 Peplometus biscutellatus 191, 192 Pachyballus transversus 189, 191 younger instar 190, 192 subadult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures189-192" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427087" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 191</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 189–192" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figures 189 - 192. Dorsal scuta of abdomen, immature specimens. 189, 190 Peplometus biscutellatus 191, 192 Pachyballus transversus 189, 191 younger instar 190, 192 subadult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures189-192" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427087" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 192</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 193–198" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figures 193 - 198. Distribution maps of Pachyballus and Peplometus species. 193 circle - Pachyballus caelestis, square - P. castaneus, triangle - P. variegatus 194 P. flavipes 195 circle - P. miniscutulus, square - P. mombasensis, triangle - P. ornatus 196 P. transversus 197 circle - Peplometus biscutellatus, square - P. chlorophthalmus 198 circle - P. nimba, square - P. oyo, triangle - P. congoensis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures193-198" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427088" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">, 196</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">Pachyballus transversus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="381 - 407" refId="B23" refString="Simon, E, 1900. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 44: 381 - 407" title="Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae." volume="44" year="1900">Simon 1900</bibRefCitation>
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: 399 (♂); 1901: 482, f. 570-571; 1910: 414;
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<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="297 - 423" refId="B3" refString="Berland, L, Millot, J, 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I.-Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (N.S.) 12: 297 - 423" title="Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (N. S." volume="12" year="1941">Berland and Millot 1941</bibRefCitation>
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: 397.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="syntypes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Syntypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Congo • 2♂; Mayombe; E. Simon coll.; MNHN 7545; examined.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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Cameroon • 1♀; Maroua;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="10.6">10°36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="14.316667">14°19'E</geoCoordinate>
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; col. C.F. Roewer (nr 12 678); SMF • 1♀; without precise locality; in 1950; J. Birket-Smith leg.; UCZM. Congo D.R. • 1♀; Mayombe, Bas Congo, Luki Forest Reserve;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-5.616667">5°37'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="east" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="13.083333">13°05'E</geoCoordinate>
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; 28.IX.2007; D. De Bakker and J.
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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Michiels leg.; primary rainforest, fogging; MRAC 226.109A • 3♂ 2 imm; Kivu N prov., Kaisola, Ruindi plain;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.78333336">0°47'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.283333">29°17'E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1100 m a.s.l.; 3.VII.1972; M. Lejune leg.; MRAC 144 487 • 1♂ 2♀ 1 imm.; Ruindi plain, Ndimo Hill; 1100 m a.s.l.; 28.VI.1972;
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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M. Lejune leg.; MRAC 144 670 • 1♂; Kivu N prov., Rutshuru;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.1833334">1°11'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="29" direction="east" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="29.45">29°27'E</geoCoordinate>
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; III.1937; J.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ghesquière">Ghesquiere</normalizedToken>
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leg.; MRAC 30 583 • 1♂; Goma;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.56666666">0°34'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="28.7">28°42'E</geoCoordinate>
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; 10.II.1952; E. Bertrand leg.; MRAC 78 975. Ethiopia • 3♂ 2 imm.; Gorgora;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="12.233334">12°14'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.3">37°18'E</geoCoordinate>
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; in 1961; F. Hartman leg.; MRAC 131 203 • 1♂; Yayu coffe forest plantation;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="8.166667">8°10'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="36" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="36.0">36°00'E</geoCoordinate>
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; in 2004; N. Aklilu leg.; MRAC 231 209 • 1♀; the same locality; beating; MRAC 230 736 • 1 imm.; the same locality; secondary forest, beating; MRAC 229 396. Ivory Coast • 1♀; Bingerville;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.35">5°21'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-3.9">3°54'W</geoCoordinate>
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; VIII.1962; J. Decelle leg.; MRAC 122 004. Mozambique • 1♀; 'N
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mozambique’">Mozambique'</normalizedToken>
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; col. C.F.Roewer (nr 9715); SMF. Somalia • 1♀; Sinandogo; in 1946; R. Accigliaro leg.; MRAC 131 175 • 1♀; Giumbo;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.23333333">0°14'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="42" direction="east" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="42.616665">42°37'E</geoCoordinate>
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; in 1946; R. Accigliaro leg.; MRAC 131 223. Tanzania • 2♂;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Zanguebar’">'Zanguebar'</normalizedToken>
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(=eastern coast of tropical Africa, probably Zanzibar); E Simon coll.; MNHN 7021. South Africa • 1♂; KwaZulu-Natal, Ulundi, Ophathe Game Reserve;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-28.383333">28°23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="31" direction="east" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="31.4">31°24'E</geoCoordinate>
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; 3.X.2008; C. Haddad leg.; beating, shrubs, overgrazed savanna; NCA 2008/4154 • 1♂; the same locality; 1.X.2008; NCA 2008/3971 • 9♂; the same locality; NCA 2019/1448 • 1♀; Mpumalanga Prov., Nelspruit, Agricultural College;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="25" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-25.45">25°27'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="30.983334">30°59'E</geoCoordinate>
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; 12.XI.1999;
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<taxonomicName genus="P." lsidName="P." pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
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Stephen leg.; beating, citrus; NCA 2000/223.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures98-103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427070" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figures 98–103" startId="F19">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 98-103.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus transversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, male
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">98</emphasis>
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habitus, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">99-102</emphasis>
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habitus, dorsal view,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">103</emphasis>
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palpal organ, ventral view (all specimens from Congo).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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The body proportions of this species are different than in other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp., namely width of carapace and width of abdomen are clearly greater than their length. Sigilla are strongly marked. Shape of the eye field is more trapezoid than in congeners, its width at posterior eye row is a quarter larger than anterior width.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="redescription">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Male.</emphasis>
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Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.5-1.7, width 1.9-2.0, height 0.6. Eye field: length 0.8-1.0, anterior width 1.3-1.5, posterior width 1.9-2.0. Abdomen: length 2.4-2.9, width 2.8-3.2.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures104-109" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427071" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figures 104–109" startId="F20">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 104-109.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus transversus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, female
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">104-106</emphasis>
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habitus, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">107-109</emphasis>
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epigyne (dissected from specimens visible above) (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">104, 106</emphasis>
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specimens from Congo
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">105</emphasis>
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specimen from Ethiopia).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
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General appearance as in Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 98–103" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 98 - 103. Pachyballus transversus, male 98 habitus, ventral view 99 - 102 habitus, dorsal view, 103 palpal organ, ventral view (all specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures98-103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427070" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">98-102</figureCitation>
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. Slightly larger than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. flavipes" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="flavipes">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. flavipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, body flattened, covered with hard integument, pitted. Carapace wide, dark brown to blackish, vicinity of eyes black. Eye field strongly trapezoid, more than in other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. Its width at last row of eyes is a quarter larger than its anterior width. A few hairs and long bristles at anterior eyes. Clypeus low. Chelicerae with short fang, three small teeth on promargin and four teeth with fused base on retromargin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 110–116" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 110 - 116. Pachyballus transversus 110 cheliceral dentition 111 palpal organ, ventral view 112 palpal organ, lateral view 113 - 116 epigyne (114 specimen from Ethiopia 115 specimen from Somalia 113, 116 specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">110</figureCitation>
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). Mouth parts brown, sternum oval, dark. Abdomen heart-shaped, wide, clearly wider than long. Colouration of abdomen usually light, orange brownish with blackish edge, sometimes yellowish or brown. Sigilla clearly visible. Venter brown, with typical scuta (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 98–103" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 98 - 103. Pachyballus transversus, male 98 habitus, ventral view 99 - 102 habitus, dorsal view, 103 palpal organ, ventral view (all specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures98-103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427070" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">98</figureCitation>
|
||
). First pair of legs brown, slightly larger than other pairs, with femora and tibiae thickened, tibiae slightly flattened dorsally. All legs brownish with lighter tarsi. Palps dark, structure as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 98–103" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figures 98 - 103. Pachyballus transversus, male 98 habitus, ventral view 99 - 102 habitus, dorsal view, 103 palpal organ, ventral view (all specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures98-103" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427070" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">103</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 110–116" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 110 - 116. Pachyballus transversus 110 cheliceral dentition 111 palpal organ, ventral view 112 palpal organ, lateral view 113 - 116 epigyne (114 specimen from Ethiopia 115 specimen from Somalia 113, 116 specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">111</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 110–116" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 110 - 116. Pachyballus transversus 110 cheliceral dentition 111 palpal organ, ventral view 112 palpal organ, lateral view 113 - 116 epigyne (114 specimen from Ethiopia 115 specimen from Somalia 113, 116 specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">112</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements. Cephalothorax: length 1.4-1.6, width 1.6-2.0, height 0.7. Eye field: length 0.7-0.8, anterior width 1.2-1.5, posterior width 1.8-2.0. Abdomen: length 2.4-2.9, width 2.8-3.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
General appearance as in Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 104–109" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 104 - 109. Pachyballus transversus, female 104 - 106 habitus, dorsal view 107 - 109 epigyne (dissected from specimens visible above) (104, 106 specimens from Congo 105 specimen from Ethiopia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures104-109" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427071" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">104-106</figureCitation>
|
||
. Similar to male, eye field strongly trapezoid. Abdomen wide, rounded, with visible sigilla. All legs yellow, sometimes femora, patellae and tibiae brownish. Palps dark. Epigyne typical, with horseshoe-shaped anterior depression (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 104–109" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 104 - 109. Pachyballus transversus, female 104 - 106 habitus, dorsal view 107 - 109 epigyne (dissected from specimens visible above) (104, 106 specimens from Congo 105 specimen from Ethiopia)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures104-109" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427071" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">107-109</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 110–116" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figures 110 - 116. Pachyballus transversus 110 cheliceral dentition 111 palpal organ, ventral view 112 palpal organ, lateral view 113 - 116 epigyne (114 specimen from Ethiopia 115 specimen from Somalia 113, 116 specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">113-116</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory ducts long, forming several loops, spermathecae strongly sclerotised (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 117–122" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figures 117 - 122. Pachyballus transversus, internal structure of epigyne 117 - 120 ventral view 121, 122 dorsal view (117 specimen from Ethiopia 118 specimen from Somalia, other specimens from Congo)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures117-122" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427073" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">118-122</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Immature specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
Shape of body as in adults, abdomen with two oval scuta, close to each other on dorsum (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 189–192" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figures 189 - 192. Dorsal scuta of abdomen, immature specimens. 189, 190 Peplometus biscutellatus 191, 192 Pachyballus transversus 189, 191 younger instar 190, 192 subadult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures189-192" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427087" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">191</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 189–192" captionStartId="F35" captionText="Figures 189 - 192. Dorsal scuta of abdomen, immature specimens. 189, 190 Peplometus biscutellatus 191, 192 Pachyballus transversus 189, 191 younger instar 190, 192 subadult." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures189-192" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427087" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">192</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral scuta absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
Widely distributed in Africa (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 193–198" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figures 193 - 198. Distribution maps of Pachyballus and Peplometus species. 193 circle - Pachyballus caelestis, square - P. castaneus, triangle - P. variegatus 194 P. flavipes 195 circle - P. miniscutulus, square - P. mombasensis, triangle - P. ornatus 196 P. transversus 197 circle - Peplometus biscutellatus, square - P. chlorophthalmus 198 circle - P. nimba, square - P. oyo, triangle - P. congoensis." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures193-198" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427088" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">196</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures110-116" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427072" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figures 110–116" startId="F21">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 110-116.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus transversus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">110</emphasis>
|
||
cheliceral dentition
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">111</emphasis>
|
||
palpal organ, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">112</emphasis>
|
||
palpal organ, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">113-116</emphasis>
|
||
epigyne (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">114</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Ethiopia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">115</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Somalia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">113, 116</emphasis>
|
||
specimens from Congo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="47" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="381 - 407" refId="B23" refString="Simon, E, 1900. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 44: 381 - 407" title="Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae." volume="44" year="1900">Simon (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described only the female of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. transversus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="transversus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. transversus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He recorded this species from Congo, Transvaal (South Africa) and Zanzibar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="381 - 407" refId="B23" refString="Simon, E, 1900. Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique 44: 381 - 407" title="Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux de la famille des Attidae." volume="44" year="1900">Simon 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B24" refString="Simon, E, 1901. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, t. 2, 381-668." title="Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, t. 2, 381 - 668." year="1901">1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). He found it also (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="335 - 449" refId="B25" refString="Simon, E, 1910. Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2e partie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 44: 335 - 449" title="Arachnides recueillis par L. Fea sur la cote occidentale d'Afrique. 2 e partie." volume="44" year="1910">Simon 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) later in Guinea Bissau and noted in this publication that this species had been described from Congo. This suggests that the Congolese specimens constitute the "type material". However, the two specimens from Congo, personally labelled by Simon and kept in the MNHN collection, are males. The fact was also mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Berland, L" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" pagination="297 - 423" refId="B3" refString="Berland, L, Millot, J, 1941. Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I.-Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (N.S.) 12: 297 - 423" title="Les araignees de l'Afrique Occidentale Francaise I. - Les salticides. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris (N. S." volume="12" year="1941">Berland and Millot (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Simon most probably described these specimens and apparently published the wrong data on sex of specimens. This description is very superficial and the structure of copulatory organs is not depicted. There are also some other males from Zanzibar in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simon’s">Simon's</normalizedToken>
|
||
collection in MNHN (but no female).
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simon’s">Simon's</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimens from Natal, kept in MZC (examined) are immature and probably misidentified. Thus, it should be concluded that
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simon’s">Simon's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description concerned the male and the female of this species is described here for the first time. The figure in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Simon, E" journalOrPublisher="Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" refId="B24" refString="Simon, E, 1901. Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, t. 2, 381-668." title="Histoire naturelle des araignees. Paris, t. 2, 381 - 668." year="1901">Simon (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows characteristic body proportions of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. transversus" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" rank="species" species="transversus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">P. transversus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(width of carapace greatly exceeds its length, eye field is clearly trapezoid with long distance between eyes in the posterior row, and abdomen is rounded), which allows the proper species recognition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.944.49921.figures117-122" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/427073" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" start="Figures 117–122" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Figures 117-122.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1900" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Pachyballus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pachyballus transversus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transversus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">Pachyballus transversus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, internal structure of epigyne
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">117-120</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">121, 122</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">117</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Ethiopia
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="47">118</emphasis>
|
||
specimen from Somalia, other specimens from Congo).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |