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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" ID-PMC="PMC6070582" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-106-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" ID-PubMed="30072843" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326005" ModsDocID="1314-2003-106-1" checkinTime="1532592511837" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Saerkinen, Tiina, Poczai, Peter, Barboza, Gloria E., Weerden, Gerard M. van der, Baden, Maria &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2018" docId="78904D1AEBF255BFA537AE70A3C6088D" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 106: 1-223" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 106" docPubDate="2018-07-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991" docTitle="Solanum memphiticum J. F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13 [bis] 2 (1): 385. 1791" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260" masterDocTitle="A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="223" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668138996586" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A revision of the Old World Black Nightshades (Morelloid clade of Solanum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Saerkinen, Tiina</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20 A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH 3 5 LR, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tsarkinen@rbge.org.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Poczai, Peter</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Botany Unit, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 7, FI- 00014 Helsinki, Finland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Weerden, Gerard M. van der</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Experimental Garden, Radboud University, Faculty of Science Box 49, P. O. Box 9010, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baden, Maria</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Max-Planck Odense Center on the Biodemography of Aging and Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK- 5230 Odense M, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2018-07-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>106</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>223</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-106-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF8BFFC82928FFA84734FFCB2E61E260</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1326005</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182224949" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:78904D1AEBF255BFA537AE70A3C6088D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/78904D1AEBF255BFA537AE70A3C6088D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
6.
<taxonomicName LSID="78904D1A-EBF2-55BF-A537-AE70A3C6088D" authority="J. F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13 [bis] 2 (1): 385. 1791" authorityName="J. F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13 [bis] 2 (1): 385." authorityYear="1791" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">Solanum memphiticum J.F.Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13[bis] 2(1): 385. 1791</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Solanum memphiticum J. F. Gmel A Habit B Detail of stem with glandular indumentum C Detail of abaxial leaf surface D Glandular trichome E Eglandular trichome F Inflorescence G Flower at anthesis H Infructescence I Seed (A-E, H de Wilde 8017; F-I Gilbert 1387; G Nijmegen acc. A 34570474). Scale bar: 3 cm (A), 3 mm (B), 4 mm (C, G), 0.8 mm (D-E), 1.5 cm (F, H) and 2 mm (I). Drawing by L. Smith." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 19</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Solanum memphiticum J. F. Gmel A Habit B Glandular indumentum C Flowers at full anthesis D Maturing fruits with long, appressed calyx lobes (A-B, D Nijmegen acc. A 14750032; C Nijmegen acc. A 34750474). Photos by S. Knapp and G. van der Weerden." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 20</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum L. var. hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Vahl, Symb. 2: 40. 1791.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Based on
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål’s">Forsskal's</normalizedToken>
&quot;S. aegyptiacum b) Fructu nigro; foliis integris villosissimus&quot; (=
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
J.F.Gmel.)
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hirsutum">Solanum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
(Vahl) Dunal, Hist. Nat.
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Solanum</taxonomicName>
158. 1813.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum L. var. hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Vahl
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossidentatum">Solanum grossidentatum</taxonomicName>
A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 101. 1850, as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“grossedentatum”">&quot;grossedentatum&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Ethiopia.
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Tchélikote”">&quot;Tchelikote&quot;</normalizedToken>
[Chelicote],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Quartin-Dillon &amp; A. Petit s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Lester, RN" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="273 - 293" refId="B211" refString="Lester, RN, 1997. Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 273 - 293" title="Typification of nineteen names of African Solanum species described by A. Richard and others, including S. campylacanthum and S. panduriforme." volume="125" year="1997">Lester 1997</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 285: P [P00344046]; isolectotypes: GOET, P [P00344047], Z; possible isolectotype: K [K001156454]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. rigidum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="rigidum">Solanum nigrum L. var. rigidum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 50. 1852.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Yemen. Sin. loc., 1837,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.E. Botta s.n.</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="573 - 780" refId="B71" refString="D'Arcy, WG, 1974a. [&quot;1973&quot;]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 573 - 780" title="[&quot; 1973 &quot;]) Solanaceae, Flora of Panama. Part 9." volume="60" year="1974 a">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
1974a
</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 738: P [P00055305]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hirsutum subsp. var. var. abyssinicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="hirsutum" subSpecies="var." variety="abyssinicum">Solanum hirsutum (Vahl) Dunal var. abyssinicum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 58. 1852.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Ethiopia. Tigray: Adigrat, prope Adoam [Adoa] &quot;nomen Abyssinicum: Alam
<normalizedToken originalValue="tch’aguar”">tch'aguar&quot;</normalizedToken>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G.H.W. Schimper 46</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Beentje, H" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 125" refId="B118" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2012. Solanum spp. In: Beentje, H, Ed., Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 105 - 125" title="Solanum spp." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae." year="2012">Edmonds 2012</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 143: G [G00015053]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000942983], BR [BR0000008422200], GH [GH00139634], HBG [HBG511468], K [K000922192], L [L0700161], LE [LE00016944, LE00016943], LG [LG0000090028793], M [M-0105602], P [P00344000, P00343998, P00343999, P00344001, P00344002], TUB [TUB003999], W [1889-0283797]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dunal" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum pruinosum subsp. var. var. pilosulum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="pruinosum" subSpecies="var." variety="pilosulum">Solanum pruinosum Dunal var. pilosulum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 59. 1852.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Sudan. Blue Nile: Sennaar, 1831,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Acerbi s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: G-DC [G00144592]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter" authorityYear="1912" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum subuniflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="subuniflorum">Solanum subuniflorum</taxonomicName>
Bitter, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 546. 1912.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Tanzania. Marangu near Mount Kilimanjaro,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G. Volkens 2108</emphasis>
(neotype, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="657 - 670" refId="B117" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2007. Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens. Kew Bulletin 62: 657 - 670" title="Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens." volume="62" year="2007">Edmonds 2007</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 665: BR [BR0000008800091]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum plebeium subsp. var. var. grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="plebeium" subSpecies="var." variety="grossidentatum">Solanum plebeium A.Rich. var. grossidentatum</taxonomicName>
(A.Rich.) Chiov., N. Giourn. Bot. Ital. 26: 159. 1919, as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“grossedentatum”">&quot;grossedentatum&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">Solanum memphiticum</taxonomicName>
Type. Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossidentatum">Solanum grossidentatum</taxonomicName>
A.Rich.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum subsp. var. var. grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" subSpecies="var." variety="grossidentatum">Solanum nigrum L. var. grossidentatum</taxonomicName>
(A.Rich.) De Wild., Pl. Bequaert. 1: 431. 1922, as
<normalizedToken originalValue="“grossedentatum”">&quot;grossedentatum&quot;</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nigrum var. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="nigrum" variety="hirsutum">Solanum nigrum hirsutum</taxonomicName>
Type. Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grossidentatum">Solanum grossidentatum</taxonomicName>
A.Rich.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum subsp. var. var. abyssinicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="memphiticum" subSpecies="var." variety="abyssinicum">Solanum memphiticum J.F.Gmel. var. abyssinicum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Cufod., Bull. Jard. Bot.
<normalizedToken originalValue="État">Etat</normalizedToken>
Bruxelles 33(3): 872. 1963.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">Solanum memphiticum</taxonomicName>
Type. Based on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hirsutum subsp. var. var. abyssinicum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="hirsutum" subSpecies="var." variety="abyssinicum">Solanum hirsutum (Vahl) Dunal var. abyssinicum</taxonomicName>
Dunal
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Locality unknown [
<collectingCountry name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
or
<collectingCountry name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, but most likely
<collectingCountry name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
],
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Herb.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål">Forsskal</normalizedToken>
421
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="657 - 670" refId="B117" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2007. Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens. Kew Bulletin 62: 657 - 670" title="Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens." volume="62" year="2007">Edmonds 2007</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 665: C [C10013456]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Annual or short-lived sprawling perennial herbs to 1.5 m tall, woody and branching at base. Stems spreading to decumbent, terete or occasionally very slightly angled, green, older stems green or straw colour, not markedly hollow; new growth densely viscid-pubescent with simple, spreading, uniseriate, mixed glandular and eglandular trichomes, these 3-10-celled, 0.5-2 mm long, with a terminal single-celled gland if glandular; older stems glabrescent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, (1.5-)2-9 cm long, (0.8-)1.2-5.5 cm wide, elliptic to ovate and widest in the basal third, membranous, concolorous, foul-smelling when crushed; adaxial surfaces moderately viscid-pubescent with a mixture of glandular and eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes 0.5-2 mm long like those of the stems, these denser along the veins; abaxial surfaces densely viscid-pubescent with similar glandular and eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes, these evenly distributed on veins and lamina; base acute, then attenuate and decurrent on to the petiole; margins entire or more often irregularly toothed, the teeth 2-4 mm long, acute; apex acute to acuminate, the tip often blunt and usually somewhat rounded; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, winged from the decurrent leaf base. Inflorescences 1-2.5(-3) cm long, internodal, simple, umbelliform to sub-umbelliform, with (2-)3-5(-8) flowers clustered at the tip, densely viscid-pubescent with mixed glandular and eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.9-2(-2.3) cm long, straight; pedicels 7-9 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base, 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter at the apex, spreading, densely to moderately viscid-pubescent like the inflorescence axis, articulated at the base; pedicel scars clustered at the tip of the inflorescence, the scar from the basal flower spaced 1-2 mm from the rest. Buds globose to ovoid, the corolla exserted more than halfway from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect. Calyx tube 1-2.5 mm long, deeply conical, the lobes 1-1.5(-2) mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, long-triangular, tips rounded, densely viscid-pubescent with mixed glandular and eglandular simple uniseriate trichomes to ca. 0.5 mm long. Corolla (8-)10-12 mm in diameter, white, rotate-stellate to stellate, lobed ca. 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes 4-5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, spreading or reflexed at anthesis, minutely pubescent-papillate abaxially with simple eglandular trichomes ca. 0.2 mm long, these white when dry. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments 0.5-1 mm long, glabrous or occasionally with a few tangled simple uniseriate trichomes adaxially; anthers (2-)2.5-3 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores lengthening to slits with age and drying. Ovary globose, glabrous; style 4-6 mm long, minutely puberulent in the lower 1/4, merely papillate in plants with glabrous filaments, exserted ca. half the length of the anthers; stigma capitate-globose, bright green in live plants, the surface minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 7-10 mm in diameter, black when ripe, the pericarp thin, matte and somewhat translucent; fruiting pedicels 0.8-0.9 cm long, ca. 0.75 mm in diameter at the base and to ca. 2 mm at the apex, somewhat woody, deflexed to spreading (often appearing like spokes of a wheel), dropping off with mature fruits, not persistent; fruiting calyx somewhat accrescent, the tube 2.5-3 mm long, the lobes 2.5-4 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, somewhat spathulate, appressed to spreading, covering ca. 1/2 of the berry. Seeds 10-30 per berry, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, flattened and tear-drop shaped with a subapical hilum, pale brown, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells more or less pentagonal with some sinuate margins. Stone cells 2 per berry, 0.3-0.7 mm in diameter, usually borne near the base of the berry. Chromosome number:
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">2n</emphasis>
=6x=72 (
<bibRefCitation author="Bhiravamurty, PV" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="661 - 666" refId="B23" refString="Bhiravamurty, PV, Rethy, P, 1983. Taximetric studies of the Solanum nigrum L. complex. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B 49: 661 - 666" title="Taximetric studies of the Solanum nigrum L. complex." volume="49" year="1983">Bhiravamurty and Rethy 1983</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" author="Olet, EA" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="472 - 483" refId="B273" refString="Olet, EA, Lye, KA, Stedje, B, 2015. Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Solanum section Solanum in Uganda. Nordic Journal of Botany 33 (4): 472 - 483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" title="Crossing relationships and chromosome numbers of Solanum section Solanum in Uganda." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/njb.00592" volume="33" year="2015">Olet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326051" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218722" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 19" startId="F19">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F.Gmel
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Detail of stem with glandular indumentum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Detail of abaxial leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Glandular trichome
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
Eglandular trichome
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
Inflorescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Flower at anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
Infructescence
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
Seed (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-E, H</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Wilde 8017</emphasis>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F-I</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gilbert 1387</emphasis>
;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
Nijmegen acc. A34570474). Scale bar: 3 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
), 3 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
), 4 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, G</emphasis>
), 0.8 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D-E</emphasis>
), 1.5 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, H</emphasis>
) and 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
). Drawing by L. Smith.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326055" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218723" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F.Gmel
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
Glandular indumentum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Flowers at full anthesis
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
Maturing fruits with long, appressed calyx lobes (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A-B, D</emphasis>
Nijmegen acc. A14750032;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
Nijmegen acc. A34750474). Photos by S. Knapp and G. van der Weerden.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figure
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Distribution of Solanum memphiticum J. F. Gmel." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218724" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">21</figureCitation>
). Distributed from the Arabian Peninsula (Saudia Arabia and Yemen) to Egypt and south in eastern Africa to Kenya and Tanzania, we have only seen a single collection from eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1326057" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.106.21991.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/218724" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F21">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J.F.Gmel.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grows in open areas and along streams in forests and dry areas, also cultivated in eastern Africa; from 800 to 3,000 (-3,500) m elevation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ethiopia: alam
<normalizedToken originalValue="tch’aguar">tch'aguar</normalizedToken>
; Kenya: ap-poinet, isusa, manage, nafu,
<normalizedToken originalValue="ol’">ol'</normalizedToken>
momoit/olmomoi, soiyot, sonja sucha, sujet; Saudi Arabia: gebel soda; Uganda: ekyala
<normalizedToken originalValue="ky’ente">ky'ente</normalizedToken>
, kyalakyente, orushwiga, osiga.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In eastern Africa, leaves are eaten as spinach and berries are said to be edible.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="Euphytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B176" refString="IUCN, 2016. Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2016">IUCN 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widespread species with AOO of 320 km2 (EN) and EOO of 4,489,278 km2 (LC); considering the weedy nature of the species and the large EOO, we suggest a preliminary status of LC (Least Concern; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="T7" captionText="Table 7. Preliminary conservation assessments for the Old World members of the Morelloid clade. For details, see Materials and Methods and individual species treatments. Preliminary assessments are based on EOO (Extent of Occurrence) only (see Materials and Methods) and have been calculated for worldwide ranges for each species. The conservation status of species known to be introduced in the Old World has been assessed considering native range only and is discussed under each species treatments." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2FA7BDE3ED0CDC21CAEAEE383BFAB558" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="2FA7BDE3ED0CDC21CAEAEE383BFAB558">7</tableCitation>
) for the species. Like other members of the group, it is a species of open, disturbed areas, but is less common than
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in eastern Africa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was long confused with
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; both are similarly villous plants with toothed leaves that are sometimes pubescent with glandular trichomes.
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="657 - 670" refId="B117" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2007. Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens. Kew Bulletin 62: 657 - 670" title="Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens." volume="62" year="2007">Edmonds (2007)</bibRefCitation>
clarified not only the differences between the two species, but also the identity and correct name for
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species can be easily distinguished in fruit;
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has characteristic red-orange (or yellow) berries with strongly reflexed calyx lobes, while
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has green or black berries with the calyx lobes somewhat accrescent and covering at least a third of the berry. Fruiting pedicels of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are typically spreading and, in live plants, form a small bicycle spoke-shaped structure, while those of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are deflexed. Live plants of the two species are easy to distinguish: the leaves (glandular trichomes) of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have a strong foetid odour of rotting meat that is markedly different from the slightly pleasant odour of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
In flower,
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its rotate-stellate corolla with small lobes that are strongly reflexed in flower and calyx lobes that extend beyond the corolla sinuses in open flowers. The flowers of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are delicate and only last a short time as compared to other species (the corolla bruises easily). Leaves of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are generally longer and thinner than those of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the base is more decurrent on to the petiole so the free part of the petiole in
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is much shorter than in
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The parental origin of the tetraploid species has not been investigated in detail.
<bibRefCitation author="Jaeger, P-ML" journalOrPublisher="Euphytica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B179" refString="Jaeger, P-ML, 1985. Systematic studies in the genus Solanum L. in Africa. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, 1-272." title="Systematic studies in the genus Solanum L. in Africa. PhD thesis, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, 1 - 272." year="1985">Jaeger (1985)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be part of a more broadly circumscribed
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which included a wide range of fruit colours.
<bibRefCitation author="Manoko, MLK" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" refId="B227" refString="Manoko, MLK, 2007. A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). PhD Thesis, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" title="A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). PhD Thesis, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands," url="http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" year="2007">Manoko (2007)</bibRefCitation>
showed that
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. grossedentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="grossedentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. grossedentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) does not group closely with
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on AFLP data but forms a distinct group related to accessions identified as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tarderemotum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tarderemotum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tarderemotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. chenopodioides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chenopodioides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. chenopodioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. physalifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="physalifolium">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. physalifolium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. tweedianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tweedianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. tweedianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Further molecular work, based on sequence data, will be needed to understand the relationships and parental origins of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but possible diploid parents could be the morphologically closely related
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. sarrachoides" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sarrachoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. sarrachoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nitidibaccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nitidibaccatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nitidibaccatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that both occur in the Old World. Both of these species are glandular and have an enlarged calyx in the fruit, characters shared with
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum memphiticum" order="Centrales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was previously commonly known as
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. grossidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="grossidentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. grossidentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hirsutum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="hirsutum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hirsutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see
<bibRefCitation author="Manoko, MLK" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" refId="B227" refString="Manoko, MLK, 2007. A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). PhD Thesis, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" title="A systematic study of African Solanum L. section Solanum (Solanaceae). PhD Thesis, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands," url="http://dare.ubn.kun.nl/bitstream/2066/30032/1/30032.pdf" year="2007">Manoko 2007</bibRefCitation>
), but
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="657 - 670" refId="B117" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2007. Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens. Kew Bulletin 62: 657 - 670" title="Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens." volume="62" year="2007">Edmonds (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, in her analysis of the morelloid solanums in Pehr
<normalizedToken originalValue="Forsskål’s">Forsskal's</normalizedToken>
herbarium, showed that the correct name for this black-fruited, pubescent plant is
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gmel.
<bibRefCitation author="Cufodontis, G" journalOrPublisher="Sinauer and Associates, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B68" refString="Cufodontis, G, 1963. Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33 (Suppl.): 830-876." title="Enumeratio Plantarum Aethiopiae Spermatophyta (Sequentia). Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'Etat a Bruxelles 33 (Suppl.): 830 - 876." year="1963">Cufodontis (1963)</bibRefCitation>
had used the name earlier, but some confusion occurred due to the later homonym
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mart., that
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="657 - 670" refId="B117" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2007. Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens. Kew Bulletin 62: 657 - 670" title="Forsskal's Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanceae) specimens." volume="62" year="2007">Edmonds (2007)</bibRefCitation>
suggested was synonymous with
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. scabrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="scabrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. scabrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but we place in the synonymy of
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. nigrum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="nigrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nigrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Homonymy is rampant in the morelloid solanums, making name changes like this inevitable; the name
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. memphiticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="memphiticum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. memphiticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now well-established for this species in Africa (e.g.
<bibRefCitation author="Edmonds, JM" editor="Beentje, H" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="105 - 125" refId="B118" refString="Edmonds, JM, 2012. Solanum spp. In: Beentje, H, Ed., Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 105 - 125" title="Solanum spp." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa Solanaceae." year="2012">Edmonds 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected specimens examined. Burundi</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ruyigi</emphasis>
: Musongati, FTEA region: BUR, 10 May 1974,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Reekmans 3419</emphasis>
(EA, MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Democratic Republic of the Congo</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nord-Kivu</emphasis>
: Ruindi, Nov 1937,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lebrun 8380</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Egypt</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">South Sinai</emphasis>
: Wadi El Sheikh, Sinai, 15 Apr 1937,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shabetai s.n.</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eritrea</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anseba</emphasis>
: Geleb, Gheleb-Caropebir, 16 Jan 1893,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terracciano</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pappi 2027</emphasis>
(FT);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Debub</emphasis>
: Adi Ugri-Mai Tacala, 4 Sep 1909,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="tribe" tribe="Bellini">Bellini</taxonomicName>
335
</emphasis>
(FT); Saganeiti, gorge Gona pres Addingofon, 29 Mar 1892,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schweinfurth</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Riva 1319</emphasis>
(FT, K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gash Barka</emphasis>
: Badum, lungo fiume Mareb, 10 Jan 1906,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pappi 6893</emphasis>
(FT); Get Arba, Gret-Arba, 7 Jan 1893,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Terracciano</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pappi 1706</emphasis>
(FT);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maekel</emphasis>
: Asmara, 12 Sep 1912,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baldrati 3536</emphasis>
(FT); Asmara, 2 Aug 1902,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pappi 2099</emphasis>
(EA, MO, P, SI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Semienawi Keyih Bahri</emphasis>
: Nefasit-Maha-bar, 2 Feb 1909,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fiori 1593</emphasis>
(FT);
<taxonomicName genus="Illalia" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Illalia</taxonomicName>
-Scilliki; Assaorta, 28 Mar 1893,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pappi 3601</emphasis>
(FT).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ethiopia. Addis Ababa</emphasis>
: Addis Ababa, 18 Jul 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mooney 9136</emphasis>
(FT, K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Amhara</emphasis>
: c. 15 km S of Debre Sina on the main rd towards Debre Berhan, 22 Nov 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Friis et al. 10115</emphasis>
(K); Dessie, Wollo Prov., 18 Aug 1946,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hall 22</emphasis>
(BM); Wello Prov., Azewagedel mountain, 2 km E of Desse, 11 Apr 1969,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sutherland 167</emphasis>
(MO); Dessie, 26 May 1938,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vatova 2417</emphasis>
(FT);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oromia</emphasis>
: Borena, Mega, presso fortino nuovo, 4 May 1937,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cufodontis 627</emphasis>
(FT, W); Agheremariam-Dilla rd, 3 Dec 1952,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gillett 14586</emphasis>
(EA, FT, K); lower slopes of Mt. Cilalo, nr Asella, 10 Sep 1965,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Wilde</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Wilde-Duyfjes 8017</emphasis>
(K, MO, P);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Southern Nations (SNNP)</emphasis>
: Gurage Mountains, above Butajira towards the village of Ageta on the track towards Endibis, 24 Feb 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Friis et al. 10066</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tigray</emphasis>
: Amba Alaga pass, 9 Oct 1995,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Friis et al. 6640</emphasis>
(K); Bellaka, 8 Nov 1854,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schimper 506</emphasis>
(E, FT, W); Arba Tensesa, 7 Oct 1862,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schimper 523</emphasis>
(BM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Jordan</emphasis>
. East Jordan, Pelit, 30 Apr 1963,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gillett 15973</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Aqaba</emphasis>
: Wadi Rum, 13 Apr 1945,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Davis 8987</emphasis>
(E);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ma’an">Ma'an</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Petra, 28 Dec 1935,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dinsmore 12151</emphasis>
(E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kenya</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Central</emphasis>
: Nyeri, Aberdare National Park, The Ark, 7 Apr 1975,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hepper</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Field 4912</emphasis>
(K); Kiambu, Makuyu, Fort Hall Dist, 26 Jun 1960,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">van Someren 11980</emphasis>
(EA, K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eastern</emphasis>
: Makueni, Chyulu North, 21 May 1938,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bally B-7788</emphasis>
(K); Makueni, Chyulu North, 28 Apr 1938,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bally B-8306</emphasis>
(K); Makueni, Chyulu Hills North, Apr 1938,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">van Someren 7644</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nairobi</emphasis>
: Mathare Valley, between Mathare Police Station and Eastleigh Section One, 11 Sep 1971,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mwangangi</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kasyoki 1797</emphasis>
(EA, K); Nairobi, FTEA region K4, 1942,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Nattrass 341 b</emphasis>
(EA, MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rift Valley</emphasis>
: Kericho, Londiani to Elburgon, Dec 1905,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baker K-346</emphasis>
(EA, K); Nakuru, Lake Naivasha, West shore
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mennel’s">Mennel's</normalizedToken>
Farm, 14 Feb 1971,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gillett 19300</emphasis>
(EA, K);
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glover et al. 181</emphasis>
(EA, K); Kajiado, Olekairtoror Escarpment, 20 mi from Narok on Nairobi rd, 14 Jul 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Glover</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Samuel, 3110</emphasis>
(EA, K); K6 Rift Valley, Suswa volcano, 1 Jun 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phillipson</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bytebier 4785</emphasis>
(MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Western</emphasis>
: Nandi, Kapsoret Forest, 15 Jun 1951,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Williams 240</emphasis>
(EA, K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Saudi Arabia</emphasis>
. Al Mahmoud, 35 km N of Abha, 21 May 1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Boulos</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ads 14150</emphasis>
(E, K); Abha Pass (nr. W. Abha), 25 Oct 1971,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Popov 71 257</emphasis>
(BM);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Asir</emphasis>
: Jebel Sudah, c. 18 km N of Abba, 5 Apr 1979,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Collenette 1269</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Somalia</emphasis>
. Upper Sheikh Kitchen Garden, 1 Dec 1919,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Godman 67</emphasis>
(BM, MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Saaxil</emphasis>
: Ally Ully nr Sheikh, 11 May 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood S/73-65</emphasis>
(K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sudan</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Darfur</emphasis>
: Jebel Marra, Golel, c. 120 km E of Zalingei, 22 Jan 1965,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">de Wilde et al. 5504</emphasis>
(K, MO).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tanzania</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Arusha</emphasis>
: Lake Manyara National Park, Mto ya Ukindu, 29 Nov 1963,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Greenway</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kirrika 11096</emphasis>
(EA, K); Monduli Forest Reserve, T2. Nr Olchoropus Village, 25 Jan 2001,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Simon et al. 720</emphasis>
(MO);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Central</emphasis>
: Kondoa, Great North rd, 11 Jan 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polhill</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paulo 1130</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kagera</emphasis>
: Ngara, Murugwanza, Ibivyaza Bakobwa, Bugufi, 20 Jan 1961,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tanner 5617</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kilimanjaro</emphasis>
: Osirwa Farm, TBL Estates, 26 Jan 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grimshaw 94-148</emphasis>
(K); Ulei, Kwa Sadala, 2 May 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grimshaw 94-470</emphasis>
(K); Moshi, Sanya River, Mar 1928,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haarer 1209</emphasis>
(EA, K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lake</emphasis>
: Ngara, Kirushya, Bugufi, 23 Nov 1959,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tanner 4530</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mbulu</emphasis>
: Pienaars Heights, Great North rd, 120 mi S of Arusha, 5 May 1962,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Polhill</emphasis>
&amp;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paulo 2342</emphasis>
(EA, K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Northern</emphasis>
: Mbulu, Mbulumbul, Block D1, 24 Jun 1944,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Greenway 6952</emphasis>
(EA, K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uganda</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Central</emphasis>
: Masaka, Kasambya, Kigezi, Feb 1948,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Purseglove P-2595</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eastern</emphasis>
: Sironko, Budadiri, Bugishi, Jan 1932,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chandler 405</emphasis>
(K); Serere, at Tira, Jul 1926,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maitland 1290</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Northern</emphasis>
: Zombo, Paidha, 28 Aug 1953,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chancellor 185</emphasis>
(K);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Western</emphasis>
: Kigezi D.F.I, 28 Aug 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Goode G-5 -72</emphasis>
(K); Kasese, Muhokya, Ruwenzori, 25 Dec 1925,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Maitland 1790</emphasis>
(K); Kigezi, Kachwekano Farm, Sep 1949,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Purseglove 3121</emphasis>
(EA, K); Kisoro, Virunga-Kette, Muhavura, Nkanda, 25 Nov 1954,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stauffer 957</emphasis>
(EA, K, P).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Yemen</emphasis>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hadramaut</emphasis>
: Al Mukalla, Arabia, West rd, 6 Sep 1949,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guichard KG/HAD 35</emphasis>
(BM); Kor Seiban, 14 Sep 2002,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Killian et al. YP-3578</emphasis>
(B);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sa’dah">Sa'dah</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Sadah, 1 Jul 1984,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gordon 609 B</emphasis>
(E);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sana’a">Sana'a</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sana’a">Sana'a</normalizedToken>
, 12 Mar 1981,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Miller 3004</emphasis>
(E); 14 Feb 1934,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rathjens s.n.</emphasis>
(BM); Menacha, 7 Mar 1889,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schweinfurth 1476</emphasis>
(BM, GH, K, P); Ar Rowdah nr
<normalizedToken originalValue="San’a">San'a</normalizedToken>
, 23 Feb 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood 72-7</emphasis>
(BM); 10 Oct 1974,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wood Y/74-20</emphasis>
(BM);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ta’izz">Ta'izz</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Jabal Sabir, c. 15 km S of Taizz, 11 Jun 1982,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gordon 11</emphasis>
(E); Jabal Sabir, nr Taiz, 23 Sep 1977,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lavranos 15947</emphasis>
(E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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