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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="02595a40-6c7d-4a04-b25b-b2ab87aabd17" ID-PMC="PMC3174442" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-5" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" ID-PubMed="22171179" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576078" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-5" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" checkinTime="1555332289038" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lorence, David H., Wagner, Warren L., Wood, Kenneth R. &amp; Smith, Alan R." docDate="2011" docId="63688F934D04C4D92CA2DBDCC43BCB2F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 5-51" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602" docTitle="Polystichum kenwoodii Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner 2011, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953" masterDocTitle="New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia" masterLastPageNumber="51" masterPageNumber="5" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1668141299027" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>New pteridophyte species and combinations from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wood, Kenneth R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Alan R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>5</mods:start>
<mods:end>51</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1602</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8556FFB7B7479C4F5D21C54DFFF92953</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576078</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201686" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:63688F934D04C4D92CA2DBDCC43BCB2F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/63688F934D04C4D92CA2DBDCC43BCB2F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
4.
<taxonomicName LSID="63688F93-4D04-C4D9-2CA2-DBDCC43BCB2F" authority="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityName="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2011" class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polystichum kenwoodii" order="Polypodiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kenwoodii" status="sp. nov.">Polystichum kenwoodii Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Polystichum kenwoodii Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner. A blade B stipe and part of rhizome C lower surface of fertile pinnule showing sori and scales D sorus with indusium and scales E rhizome scale F part of rhizome scale, detail of cells G lower surface of sterile pinnule showing scales. Drawn from type collection (Wood 10759) and field images." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9902" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Figs 6</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. A Blechnum pacificum, habit, habit, fertile and sterile fronds (Fatu Hiva, Lorence 6171) B-D Dryopteris macropholis B frond (Ua Huka, Wood 10489, type) C habit, D rhizome and stipe bases (C, D Hiva Oa, Wood 10045) E Polystichum kenwoodii, rhizome and stipe bases (Hiva Oa, Wood 10232) F Polystichum uahukaense, habit (Ua Huka, Wood 10552)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9911" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">14E</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="latin">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Latin.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">A Polytsicho marquisensi E. D. Br. longioribus et angustis rhizomatibus, stipitis squamis 20-35 mm, squamis prope stipitis basin congregates, soris indusiatis differt.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="type">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
Ua Huka: Vaikivi summit region and drainage,
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-8.9">8°54'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-139.51666">139°31'W</geoCoordinate>
, 600 m, 16 June 2004, K. R. Wood 10759 (Holotype PTBG-044161!, PTBG-044162!, PTBG-044163! [3 sheets]; Isotypes BISH!, P!, PAP!, US!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">Terrestrial ferns</emphasis>
;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="14">rhizomes</emphasis>
erect or suberect, 7-20 cm long, 5-15 cm in diameter including bases of stipes (from
<normalizedToken originalValue="collector’s">collector's</normalizedToken>
notes); rhizome scales 20-35
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.5 mm, linear-oblong, concolorous, medium brown, margins entire, cells narrow
<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="15" start="start">linear</pageBreakToken>
, in sinuous files, mixed with slender hairlike scales.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Fronds</emphasis>
clustered; stipes 55-90 cm long, 5-6 mm in diameter medially, 2/5 as long as or equaling length of the blade, adaxially grooved, pale brown, basally densely clothed with reddish brown, linear to linear-oblong scales 10-30
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-3 mm, similar to rhizome scales, stipes distally with progressively smaller and finer scales mixed with matted hairlike scales or glabrescent;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">blades</emphasis>
narrowly ovate to oblong-ovate, 50-83
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
30-32 cm, tripinnate at least in lower pinnae, with 20-28 pinnae on a side; rachises stramineous, moderately to densely scaly with reddish brown hairlike scales to 8 mm long; pinnae linear-oblong, apices long-acuminate, largest pinnae 8-26
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
4.5-7 cm, lowermost2(-3) pinnae pairs slightly reduced, costules adaxially grooved; largest pinnae with up to 32 pairs of pinnules, pinnules deeply incised acro- and basiscopically forming 1-2 free, obovate lobes or blades tripinnate in large fronds, pinnule apices obtuse, tips abruptly acuminate-aristate, both margins serrate-crenate, blades stiffly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, adaxially glabrous except for a few hairlike scales basally, abaxially with whitish or tan hairlike scales with expanded lacerate-ciliate bases on costules and veins; veins forking, scarcely visible adaxially, slightly prominulous abaxially.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Sori</emphasis>
with a peltate
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">indusium</emphasis>
0.5-0.7 mm in diameter, tan, thin and fugacious, with scattered marginal projections, not confluent at maturity.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Spores</emphasis>
dark brown.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/9902" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2011" class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kenwoodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Polystichum kenwoodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">A</emphasis>
blade
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">B</emphasis>
stipe and part of rhizome
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">C</emphasis>
lower surface of fertile pinnule showing sori and scales
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">D</emphasis>
sorus with indusium and scales
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">E</emphasis>
rhizome scale
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">F</emphasis>
part of rhizome scale, detail of cells
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">G</emphasis>
lower surface of sterile pinnule showing scales. Drawn from type collection (Wood 10759) and field images.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Marquesas Islands, known from Ua Huka, Hiva Oa, and Tahuata.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
This new species occurs at 600-884 m elevation in diverse montane wet forest and shrubland dominated by
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Freycinetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Hibiscus tiliaceus</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forest Brown" authorityYear="1935" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="marquesana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Weinmannia marquesana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">marquesana</emphasis>
with other associates including
<taxonomicName authorityName="M. L. Grant ex Fosberg &amp; Sachet" authorityYear="1972" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Alstonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="marquisensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Alstonia marquisensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M. L.Grant
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Boehmeria virgata</emphasis>
(G. Forst.) Guill.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Cheirondendron bastardianum</emphasis>
(Decne.) Frodin
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Crossostylis biflora</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Aulophyllidae" genus="Cyclophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Rugosa" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="barbatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Cyclophyllum barbatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="prolixa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Ficus prolixa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">prolixa, Metrosideros collina, Myrsine grantii</emphasis>
Fosberg &amp; Sachet,
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Lumbricidae" genus="Reynoldsia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="marchionensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Reynoldsia marchionensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
F. Br.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Xyolosma suaveolens</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">pubigera</emphasis>
, and often growing with numerous other pteridophytes.It also occurs in transitional mesic to wet forest with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brack" authorityYear="1854" class="Hexapoda" family="Geometridae" genus="Alsophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tahitensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Alsophila tahitensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. R. Forster &amp; G. Forster" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhizophoraceae" genus="Crossostylis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biflora">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Crossostylis biflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Freycinetia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">, Metrosideros collina</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tectorius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Pandanus tectorius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Forest Brown" authorityYear="1935" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cunoniaceae" genus="Weinmannia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Oxalidales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="marquesana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Weinmannia marquesana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
var.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">marquesana</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2011" class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kenwoodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Polystichum kenwoodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows terrestrially in forest understory or sometimes along boulder-strewn stream beds.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">We take pleasure in naming this new species for its collector Kenneth R. Wood (1953-), whose excellent collections have contributed greatly to our knowledge of the Marquesas flora.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
Proposed IUCN Red List Category:
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Endangered</emphasis>
(EN): B2a, B2b (
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
): B2: total area of occupancy less than 500 km2 (ca. 460 km2); B2a, severely fragmented with only three populations known; b (
<normalizedToken originalValue="i–iii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
), habitat continuing decline inferred. The suitable habitat for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2011" class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kenwoodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Polystichum kenwoodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Ua Huka (ca. 83 km2), Hiva Oa (ca. 315 km2), and Tahuata (ca. 61 km2) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="15" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Marquesas Islands: Hiva Oa:</emphasis>
Hanamenu region, up Hanamenu valley to the drainages below and west of Temetiu,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.266666">9°76'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="0" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-139.0">139°0'W</geoCoordinate>
, 884 m, K. R. Wood 10232 (BISH, P, PAP, PTBG [3 sheets], US).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="15">Tahuata:</emphasis>
Amatea region
<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="16" start="start">,</pageBreakToken>
around Haaoiputeomo satellite dish,
<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.533333">9°92'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="139" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-139.13333">139°8'W</geoCoordinate>
, 884 m, K. R. Wood 10257(BISH, P, PAP, PTBG [3 sheets], US).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="rapense">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Polystichum rapense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
E. D. Br. from Rapa Iti (Austral Islands) resembles this new species but differs in having very dark brown, almost black scales 3-4 mm wide on the rhizome and base of stipe and much smaller, bipinnate fronds (stipes 6-10 cm long, blades 11-14
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
8-10 cm).
<taxonomicName class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="stokesii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Polystichum stokesii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, also from Rapa Iti, has similar dark brown to blackish, lustrous scales on the rhizome and base of stipe and shorter fronds with stipes to 20 cm long and blades to about 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
40 cm compared with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lorence &amp; W. L. Wagner" authorityYear="2011" class="Bryopsida" family="Dryopteridaceae" genus="Polystichum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Polypodiales" pageId="11" pageNumber="16" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="kenwoodii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="16">Polystichum kenwoodii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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