227 lines
25 KiB
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227 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297087" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7dfeadbb-9f0e-4cbe-9c51-2b9d2d4c1925" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905168744" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="633B1085BF16B3866335E60C359C03BC" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Gliridae.819-840.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Graphiurinae Winge 1887" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="7DACEFD3BC5B8C022ED9C034C96FCB52" lastPageNumber="821" masterDocId="7DACEFD3BC5B8C022ED9C034C96FCB52" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Gliridae" masterLastPageNumber="840" masterPageNumber="819" pageNumber="821" updateTime="1716777793370" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B962129B2691EDE615AAF44CFC924396" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="4F924F220BFE3DB446C5CA09BD015B5F">
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<mods:title id="9F3CA26A4271B1D43758B6D5E41919BD">Order Rodentia - Family Gliridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="0A67ADF6E0938976EA34F6E0651B4238">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="59EFFDA23D20F2C0954E0C3C0879A7B9" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="573B2301D0CA9DC5DBA6B2C7906F5435">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="5D796BAA2AF1D6B72CEE80EE3FACC716">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="CCFAB47F9DAB59346F48D199ECA05F62">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="34C5D6D49D83AD49A1A184D29E4D12D5">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="8F822361DCE956F0D7EFEE3FD16141C7">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A78A02BEF3EF8FFF09B7FFD0EDF2098E">
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<mods:title id="E1A9498DB9FC4933DB0589854512DB68">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="18327BFAC17D1C63A12B2896FE94F080">
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<mods:extent id="E1A6204A198B9731E4121F5E2A2133A4" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="241ABBCA78319C60FDD833CE2DB8FBFE">819</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="1114A69ED81A399814474E6A5C377312">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6045F16EA646ACEA945F6AA5461EA0F9" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2ACF94CE01A57BBFE7259B6656B261BA" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="633B1085BF16B3866335E60C359C03BC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11330996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231537012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11330996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:633B1085BF16B3866335E60C359C03BC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/633B1085BF16B3866335E60C359C03BC" lastPageNumber="821" pageNumber="821" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=12500002">
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<subSubSection id="F883C9850D68CF92440D6A085900D233" pageNumber="821" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="35D907AB7BB62F45AEF010B080128E9C" pageNumber="821">
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<taxonomicName id="EE37F8192F5ED874931ABFEF24854795" ID-CoL="JMG" authority="Winge 1887" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="821" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graphiurinae">Graphiurinae Winge 1887</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1AEF634D3DB5281BBBCB203AFF3BB0F0" pageNumber="821" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D0986C138E5B18182A506054C6A8D231" pageNumber="821">
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<treatmentCitation id="9D73CDD3C59C28A22CB48C1D6D11C522" author="Winge" authority="Winge 1887" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="109" pageNumber="821" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graphiurinae" title="Graphiurinae" volumeTitle="E Museo Lundii, Vol. 1" year="1887">
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<taxonomicName id="38B9C984332E5F02E367068DDDA77FC8" ID-CoL="JMG" authority="Winge 1887" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="821" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graphiurinae">
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Graphiurinae
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<bibRefCitation id="FD1621DE2DC2C49F168F505353532244" author="Winge, H." refId="ref391444" refString="Winge, H. 1887. Jordfunde og nulevende Gnavere (Rodentia) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brasilien: Med udsigt over gnavernes indbyrdes slagtskab. E Museo Lundii, 1 (3): 1 - 178." year="1887">Winge 1887</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="09819D4BB123CF8514B89AAD61A16FFB" author="Winge" pageNumber="821" pagination="109" title="Graphiurinae" volumeTitle="E Museo Lundii, Vol. 1" year="1887">E Museo Lundii, Vol. 1: 109</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B5445308EA1EA39D6C3DEDC3AE40E634" pageNumber="821" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="0275C064EC11D3B10DF6207D16F0E23D" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis id="FBF690F6A3F80FE65B4D2A42F11F10E2" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="821">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D363C3CB1C9C91B68E1B8DECAD07F62F" authority="Miller and Gidley 1918" authorityName="Miller and Gidley" authorityYear="1918" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="821" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graphiuridae">
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Graphiuridae
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<bibRefCitation id="92E60BF9956E65FAD3B935BEF0CC05BD" author="Miller, G. S., Jr. & J. W. Gidley" refId="ref242298" refString="Miller, G. S., Jr., and J. W. Gidley. 1918. Synopsis of the supergeneric groups of rodents. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 8: 431 - 448." year="1918">Miller and Gidley 1918</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A6A1081402F5E254F6524B1D96AB1C2F" pageNumber="821" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="3D93C06324A29F2F8FA6A999C674A79A" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis id="F08A2EC4E5885229D91CC158B49A4A98" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="821">Genera:</emphasis>
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1 genus with 14 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9E2E14F72F8D6198AE4A6F83F8701E71" pageNumber="821">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="49732AF3BF39EC23171A4E923704057F" authority="Smuts 1832" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="821" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D91769A9C7EF64EC86891A9803F5D139" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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Smuts 1832
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</taxonomicName>
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(14 species)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6E0E69E28DE12B6D2BE0F978EFE32960" pageNumber="821" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4CFF48E17BC18FAE5A69BCEB0487B413" pageNumber="821">
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<emphasis id="4091A738BCA6185B9FC4DBD2E12DF474" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="821">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Results of
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<bibRefCitation id="AECF8717243395B155D4056B0456F11A" author="Wahlert, J. H. & S. L. Sawitzke & M. E. Holden" refId="ref380160" refString="Wahlert, J. H., S. L. Sawitzke, and M. E. Holden. 1993. Cranial anatomy and relationships of dormice (Rodentia, Myoxidae). American Museum Novitates, 3061: 1 - 32." year="1993">Wahlert et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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identified the
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<taxonomicName id="0BA8F6EE3B08E1807D2EB63DF94D27CE" authorityName="Winge" authorityYear="1887" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graphiurinae">Graphiurinae</taxonomicName>
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as the earliest or most primitive branch of glirids, a position also supported by
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<bibRefCitation id="9E044BEE36245A0F928A7F7DD0146A23" author="Meng, J." refId="ref237167" refString="Meng, J. 1990. The auditory region of Reithroparamys delicatissimus and its systematic implications. American Museum Novitates, 2972: 1 - 35." year="1990">Meng (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="B3BE0EB0BC410291C5424BC51A9DA6DF" author="Yachontov, E. L. & E. G. Potapova" refId="ref396768" refString="Yachontov, E. L., and E. G. Potapova. 1991. On the position of dormice (Gliroidea) in the system of rodents. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, 243: 127 - 147." year="1991">Yachontov and Potapova (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="5554D1A4ADBABEACBCB550824C9FA3A9" author="Hartenberger, J. - L." refId="ref141810" refString="Hartenberger, J. - L. 1994. The evolution of the Gliroidea. Pp. 19 - 33, in Rodent and Lagomorph Families of Asian Origins and Diversification (Y. Tomida, C. k. Li and T. Setoguchi, eds.). National Science Museum Monographs, No. 8, Tokyo, 195 pp." year="1994">Hartenberger (1994)</bibRefCitation>
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considered many aspects of graphiurine morphology to be primitive, and postulated that graphiurines may have been in Africa since the Miocene; late Miocene graphiurines are recorded from
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<collectingCountry id="977E2E9BD9180B3FD60E7B11229CF4A9" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C0AE5443CA7774E90BFD4EBF084ED1EA" author="Mein, P. & M. Pickford & B. Senut" refId="ref236653" refString="Mein, P., M. Pickford and B. Senut. 2000 a. Late Miocene micromammals from the Harasib karst deposits, Namibia. Part 1 -- Large muroids and non-muroid rodents. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 12: 375 - 390." year="2000">
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Mein et al., 2000
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<emphasis id="A96F350F998A1102AEF258D33B5EB646" italics="true" pageNumber="821">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B07654D55F7F9B43E5A4AED1135FF60B" author="Senut, B. & M. Pickford & P. Mein & G. Conroy & J. Van Couvering" refId="ref323714" refString="Senut, B., M. Pickford, P. Mein, G. Conroy, and J. Van Couvering. 1992. Discovery of 12 new Late Cainozoic fossiliferous sites in palaeokarsts of the Otavi Mountains, Namibia. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences (Paris), 314 (ser. II): 727 - 733." year="1992">Senut et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<collectingCountry id="EDA843EB79CB1B1E312033ED6285F7DC" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="59896DAA702836FE03526ECC02964473" author="Denys, C." refId="ref81699" refString="Denys, C. 1990 a. Implications paleoecologiques et paleobiogeographiques de l'etude de rongeurs plio-pleistocenes d'Afrique orientale et australe. Memoirs Institut Science et Terre, Univsite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, 428 pp." year="1990">
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Denys, 1990
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<emphasis id="C9C03895A5AE1247A59026E83C68CE7B" italics="true" pageNumber="821">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="5D849264612EF77FE11BD3E6341B2EBF" author="Vianey-Liaud, M. & J. J. Jaeger" refId="ref371861" refString="Vianey-Liaud, M., and J. J. Jaeger. 1996. A new hypothesis for the origin of African Anomaluridae and Graphiuridae (Rodentia). Paleovertebrata, 25: 349 - 358." year="1996">Vianey-Liaud and Jaeger (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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placed
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<taxonomicName id="D7FA98AED7835E2FD13CE99655504534" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="953E34D1EEF665E79D398639C0C789AD" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its own family; they considered
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<taxonomicName id="656FBE1CB2F3A61E9C88F1C0F6E5CAAD" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gliridae</taxonomicName>
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to be paraphyletic, and hypothesized that
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<taxonomicName id="DA0D0F051CE280CEE29AC31BA9A2C260" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EC14D272439BB9337E4BAB80FEEC6D03" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is closely related to anomalurids (a position not supported by other published works, see discussion under
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<taxonomicName id="773D5E4EFEB9916EA9A55D5E12FA72D2" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gliridae</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="367F94F1051194CDBF96D7284C2D9B76" author="Daams, R. & H. De Bruijn" refId="ref72823" refString="Daams, R., and H. De Bruijn. 1995. A classification of the Gliridae (Rodentia) on the basis of dental morphology. Pp. 3 - 50, in Proceedings of II Conference on Dormice (Rodentia, Myoxidae) (M. G. Filippucci, ed.). Hystrix, n. s., 6 (1 - 2): 1 - 340." year="1995">Daams and de Bruijn (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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postulated that
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<taxonomicName id="B1F84B934C9C95674B5FCFBFB31B9B26" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="16C3F794A8DD6E10BD704398892A5EF5" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a descendant of
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<taxonomicName id="063DE0632BC0815C8FF788A71B6EB715" authorityName="Wagner" authorityYear="1840" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Eliomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="11A1EE9B308F1FA7A9B34BE494D2A6EC" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Eliomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and included both within their Dryomyinae (along with
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<taxonomicName id="6CEC50A472CF916130D79DECC7D93A6D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Dryomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B6D5979B75A49D4934FA47B1EEA973B7" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Dryomys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="854407D74F2DECAE6B70ABF985743B46" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1905" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Glirulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="1DCBE2DC2A21B33FAD3111D20B55C24B" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Glirulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B66AADAF43346D840641A1EFF481BEBC" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="1985" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Chaetocauda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="97853E894B0A9675B08168F630708F5A" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Chaetocauda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Based on the longitudinal orientation of the Hunter-Shreger bands of incisor enamel,
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<bibRefCitation id="503BA52BB36137C6543344E595E173E5" author="Koenigswald, W. von" refId="ref191174" refString="Koenigswald, W. von. 1993. Die Schmelzmuster in den Schneidezahnen der Gliroidea (Gliridae und Seleviniidae, Rodentia, Mammalia) und ihre systematische Bedeutung. Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 58: 92 - 115." year="1993">Koenigswald (1993</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7B6D713BE6D8B736CB832DC55FFA8CF1" author="Koenigswald, W. von" refId="ref191213" refString="Koenigswald, W. von. 1995. Enamel differentiations in myoxid incisors and their systematic significance. Pp. 99 - 107, in Proceedings of II Conference on Dormice (Rodentia, Myoxidae) (M. G. Filippucci, ed.). Hystrix, n. s., 6 (1 - 2): 1 - 340." year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
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) arranged
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<taxonomicName id="1E3639372345FABB12287C68B548DB82" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="874C3498C13CAD53C354DCA0C9493798" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within his derived "Group III" that also contained
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<taxonomicName id="CB85112F98827B53DF6A5721E7427062" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Muscardinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F7A23158704FBD1B5313EFA2989ECBD6" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Muscardinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B7899AD4440AE2490123DF4CA193569B" authorityName="Ognev" authorityYear="1924" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Myomimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="33784E62F6DA38AE9CCD1C8F9EBBE73A" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Myomimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="11F2D36557DB9E1A1E0EDFA02A105928" authorityName="Belosludov and Bazhanov" authorityYear="1939" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Selevinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="DC0308BFADCC8A8BE341E78B39DB4742" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Selevinia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(he did not employ subfamily names to describe his groups). In a phylogenetic analysis based on analysis of mitochondrial genes,
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<bibRefCitation id="A7DF6838B862E24FC55E977EAC1CF108" author="Bentz, S. & C. Montgelard" refId="ref27807" refString="Bentz, S., and C. Montgelard. 1999. Systematic position of the African Dormouse Graphiurus (Rodentia, Gliridae) assessed from cytochrome b and 12 S rRNA mitochondrial genes. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 6 (1): 67 - 83." year="1999">Bentz and Montgelard (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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were unable to resolve the position of
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<taxonomicName id="5C04F42D3CC5ECC779E1F66F565A834D" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="EBC3FC7CC6AAB9609BF350583CB6FE5D" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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within
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<taxonomicName id="4B04CDF6C5CBE8246E632B5D5C93810D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gliridae</taxonomicName>
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, but phylogenetic analyses of DNA nuclear fragments and mitochondrial 12S rRNA sequences reinforced the conclusions of
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA89A39B6F78E63E3F2252664CD87A72" author="Wahlert, J. H. & S. L. Sawitzke & M. E. Holden" refId="ref380160" refString="Wahlert, J. H., S. L. Sawitzke, and M. E. Holden. 1993. Cranial anatomy and relationships of dormice (Rodentia, Myoxidae). American Museum Novitates, 3061: 1 - 32." year="1993">Wahlert et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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|
in which
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7EECABE2A6FD32339698853EB0D28A07" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="D78A1B15C2E4B397BF45C6A7758D9B38" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
constitutes one of the three primary evolutionary lineages in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBFCD18857ACC360B457835E5C913CDC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Gliridae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and is basal to the lineages forming
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1665C6F647D6B05FA4557802F44A72CD" authorityName="Muirhead" authorityYear="1819" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glirinae">Glirinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D0634E95442BB93BD15480F12672D57" authorityName="Lydekker" authorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leithiinae">Leithiinae</taxonomicName>
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|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="24EF27824A6A19D0F4737889DD507EBB" author="Montgelard, C. & C. A. Matthee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref245694" refString="Montgelard, C., C. A. Matthee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. Molecular systematics of dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) and the radiation of Graphiurus in Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, 270: 1947 - 1955." year="2003">Montgelard et al., 2003</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Using molecular-clock estimates,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="FB547CE293871F689B3561F4D38304F6" author="Montgelard, C. & C. A. Matthee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref245694" refString="Montgelard, C., C. A. Matthee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. Molecular systematics of dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) and the radiation of Graphiurus in Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, 270: 1947 - 1955." year="2003">Montgelard et al. (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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|
estimated that the evolutionary radiation of species in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="81E02B934D4A743C098190BEB15C2D36" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="86915556E095E39C33C539EA662E0823" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
began 8-10 million years ago, which predates the oldest fossil
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C4E1208850D78CDEA3E09722983E6EA3" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="2AFB5CA8835C6BDC6123FD45BBB33711" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(about 5 million years old), but is consistent with occurrence of the late Miocene (10-11 million years old) Namibian graphiurine
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AD35B7C1461F78475B695A213F9D6628" authority="(Mein et al., 2000 a)" baseAuthorityName="Mein" baseAuthorityYear="2000" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Otaviglis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis id="1C44F2F412298EAF5378FF5A6B06E829" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Otaviglis</emphasis>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A797241112365ABD83B4C94F4C72A203" author="Mein, P. & M. Pickford & B. Senut" refId="ref236653" refString="Mein, P., M. Pickford and B. Senut. 2000 a. Late Miocene micromammals from the Harasib karst deposits, Namibia. Part 1 -- Large muroids and non-muroid rodents. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 12: 375 - 390." year="2000">
|
|
Mein et al., 2000
|
|
<emphasis id="B5873B7B3D1D53A77BDD44F8355EF9ED" italics="true" pageNumber="821">a</emphasis>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. This age is roughly equivalent to the lower Vallesian of Europe at which time low sea levels may have facilitated extensive faunal interchange between Europe and Africa. Subsequent speciation in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C6AFEA6CFC84B7374069FF91CD1408C9" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="E191A25620EB710A0780AD0BBE45BB59" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
represents "a burst of evolution with rapid divergence from a single ancestral form... driven by novel ecological opportunities...," which is reflected in the strikingly greater number of species in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E0C5118F02A39A7D1005F9E45D67450F" authorityName="Smuts" authorityYear="1832" class="Mammalia" family="Gliridae" genus="Graphiurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="6F2A3B894750DD62FA9CC3374ADBA998" italics="true" pageNumber="821">Graphiurus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
compared with extant Eurasiatic glirid genera, and the short internal branches forming unresolved nodes among the species in the molecular analyses (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BECE0160E9692D1B9220730417AB9F27" author="Montgelard, C. & C. A. Matthee & T. J. Robinson" refId="ref245694" refString="Montgelard, C., C. A. Matthee, and T. J. Robinson. 2003. Molecular systematics of dormice (Rodentia: Gliridae) and the radiation of Graphiurus in Africa. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B, 270: 1947 - 1955." year="2003">Montgelard et al., 2003:1954</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). For synonyms see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6FE6B097FF0F481C3AE0E88AF5F4809B" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |