264 lines
33 KiB
XML
264 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="26FDADBC4A3BFC6E0F47C57AB6D89F55" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Xylosandrus crassiusculus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>983</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>442</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754518" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26FDADBC4A3BFC6E0F47C57AB6D89F55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26FDADBC4A3BFC6E0F47C57AB6D89F55" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Motschulsky, 1866)" baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus crassiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Xylosandrus borealis, 2.0 - 2.2 mm (A, B, I), X. brevis, 2.75 - 2.9 mm (C, D, J), X. compactus, 1.5 - 1.9 mm (E, F, K), and X. crassiusculus, 2.3 - 2.9 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470893" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 93G, H, L</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phloeotrogus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phloeotrogus crassiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">Phloeotrogus crassiusculus</taxonomicName>
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Motschulsky, 1866: 403.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Motschulsky" baseAuthorityYear="1866" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus crassiusculus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassiusculus">Xylosandrus crassiusculus</taxonomicName>
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(Motschulsky):
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 74" refId="B481" refString="Wood, SL, 1977. Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 37: 67 - 74" title="Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="37" year="1977">Wood 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 68.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus semiopacus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">Xyleborus semiopacus</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1878b: 334. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="113 - 128" refId="B476" refString="Wood, SL, 1969. New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 29: 113 - 128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" title="New synonymy and records of Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.17054" volume="29" year="1969">Wood 1969</bibRefCitation>
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: 119.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus semigranosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semigranosus">Xyleborus semigranosus</taxonomicName>
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Blandford, 1896b: 211. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 496.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Dryocoetes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocoetes bengalensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bengalensis">Dryocoetes bengalensis</taxonomicName>
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Stebbing, 1908: 12. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Beeson, CFC" journalOrPublisher="Indian Forester" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="294 - 299" refId="B29" refString="Beeson, CFC, 1915. Notes on some Indian forest beetles. Indian Forester 16: 294 - 299" title="Notes on some Indian forest beetles." volume="16" year="1915">Beeson 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 297.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hagedorn" authorityYear="1908" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus mascarenus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mascarenus">Xyleborus mascarenus</taxonomicName>
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Hagedorn, 1908: 379. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Eggers, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededeelingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="129 - 220" refId="B115" refString="Eggers, H, 1923. Neue indomalayische Borkenkaefer (Ipidae). Zoologische Mededeelingen 7: 129 - 220" title="Neue indomalayische Borkenkaefer (Ipidae)." volume="7" year="1923">Eggers 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 130.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Niisima" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ebriosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ebriosus">Xyleborus ebriosus</taxonomicName>
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Niisima, 1909: 154. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation author="Choo, HY" journalOrPublisher="Seoul National University, Seoul" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B94" refString="Choo, HY, 1983. Taxonomic studies on the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Korea. Doctoral Thesis. Seoul National University, Seoul" title="Taxonomic studies on the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Korea. Doctoral Thesis." year="1983">Choo 1983</bibRefCitation>
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: 98.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus okoumeensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="okoumeensis">Xyleborus okoumeensis</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1935b: 271. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 496.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus declivigranulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="declivigranulatus">Xyleborus declivigranulatus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1936d: 30. Synonymy:
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="469 - 534" refId="B394" refString="Schedl, KE, 1959. A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 111: 469 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" title="A checklist of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera) of Ceylon with descriptions of new species and biological notes." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02874.x" volume="111" year="1959">Schedl 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 496.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Blandford" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus semigranosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semigranosus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus semigranosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="new records">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New records.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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China: Chongqing, Peng Shui, 10.v.2015, Tian-Shang, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea molissima" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molissima">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Castanea molissima</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(RABC, 1); as previous except: Nan Chang, Jiangxi Agric. Univ. orchard, v.2015, Su, T-L., ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Choerospondias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Choerospondias axillaris" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Choerospondias axillaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(RABC, 1); as previous except: Pengshui, 11.viii.2016, Tian-Shang (RABC, 3). Jiangsu, Nanjing, Laoshan National Park, Bacai Road,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="32.09156" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="32.09156">32.09156</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="118.583701" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="118.5837">118.583701</geoCoordinate>
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, 15.viii.2017, Cognato, Li, Gao, ex
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Populus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Populus" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Populus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC, 2). Shanghai, Dongchuan, vii-viii.2017, Gao, ex trap w/ querciverol (MSUC, 4). India: Arunachal Pradesh, Etalin vicinity,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="28.615557">28°36'56"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="95" direction="east" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="95.88917">95°53'21"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m, 12-25.v.2012, L.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Dembický">Dembicky</normalizedToken>
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(ZFMK, 3). Vietnam: Cao Bang,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="22" direction="north" minutes="34.532" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.575533">22°34.532'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="105" direction="east" minutes="52.480" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.874664">105°52.480'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1087 m, 11.iv.2014, VN6, Cognato, Smith, Pham, ex 2 cm diameter branches, pithy, soft wood (MSUC, 1). Dong Nai, Cat Tien N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="11.43771" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="11.43771">11.43771</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="107.42253" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.42253">107.42253</geoCoordinate>
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, 142 m, 21.ii.2017, VN86, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 5 cm diameter branch (MSUC, 3). Ha Tay, Ba Vi N.P. (lake lodge), 196 m, 3-4.vii.2008, J.B. Heppner (FSCA, 1). Kon Tum, Ngoc Linh, 2 km S.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="15.088333">15°5'18"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="107" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="42" value="107.92833">107°55'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1070 m, 7-12.ix.1998, B. Hubley, D.C. Currie, VIET1H95-99 046, ex malaise trap (SEMC, 1). NE region, Lang Son, Mau Son Nat. Park, 13-14.vi.2016, at lights,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="51.001" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.850018">21°51.001'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="106" direction="east" minutes="55.074" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="106.9179">106°55.074'E</geoCoordinate>
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, G.S. Powell (MSUC, 1). Thua Thien-Hue, Bach Ma N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16.22897" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="16.22897">16.22897</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="107.85349" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="107.85349">107.85349</geoCoordinate>
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, 415 m, 15.ii.2017, VN57, A.I. Cognato, T.A. Hoang, ex 5 cm diameter branch; twig (MSUC, 9). Tuyen Quang, Doi Can Tuyen Quang,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21.72740" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.7274">21.72740</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="105.22742" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="105.22742">105.22742</geoCoordinate>
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, 15.iv.2015, R.J. Rabaglia, ex funnel trap (RJRC, 2). Yen Bai, Mau
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A’">A'</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21.88226" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.88226">21.88226</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104.68040" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.6804">104.68040</geoCoordinate>
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, 15.iv.2015, R.J. Rabaglia, ex funnel trap (RJRC, 1); as previous except: Tan Huong,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="21.82410" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.8241">21.82410</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="104.89651" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="104.89651">104.89651</geoCoordinate>
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(RJRC, 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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2.3-2.9 mm long (mean = 2.58 mm; n = 5); 2.17-2.42
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the moderate to large size; elytral disc gradually curving toward declivity, elytra rounded; posterolateral margins of elytra carinate to interstriae 7; declivital face with six striae; interstriae and striae granulate, confused, appearing dull, with erect hair-like setae longer than the width of two interstriae; pronotum as long as wide, pronotum from dorsal view rounded (type 1) and lateral view basic (type 0), summit at midpoint, basal 1/2 smooth, shiny, sparsely minutely punctate; and dense mycangial tuft on the pronotal base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
In temperate and tropical regions around the world. Within the study region recorded from Bhutan, Cambodia, China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu*, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai*, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), India (Andaman Is, Arunachal Pradesh*, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttarakhand, West Bengal), Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam. Also present in South & North Korea. Imported to and established in Europe, North, Central and South America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" author="Kirkendall, LR" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="53 - 62" refId="B231" refString="Kirkendall, LR, Odegaard, F, 2007. Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in Central America (Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Zootaxa 1588: 53 - 62, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" title="Ongoing invasions of old-growth tropical forests: establishment of three incestuous beetle species in Central America (Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1588.1.3" volume="1588" year="2007">
|
||
Kirkendall and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ødegaard">Odegaard</normalizedToken>
|
||
2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pennacchio, F" journalOrPublisher="Redia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="77 - 80" refId="B312" refString="Pennacchio, F, Roversi, PF, Francardi, V, Gatti, E, 2003. Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) a bark beetle new to Europe (Coleoptera Scolytidae). Redia 86: 77 - 80" title="Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) a bark beetle new to Europe (Coleoptera Scolytidae)." volume="86" year="2003">Pennacchio et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1649/072.070.0109" author="Flechtmann, CAH" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="79 - 83" refId="B163" refString="Flechtmann, CAH, Atkinson, TH, 2016. First records of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America, with notes on its distribution and spread in the New World. The Coleopterists Bulletin 70: 79 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1649/072.070.0109" title="First records of Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from South America, with notes on its distribution and spread in the New World." url="https://doi.org/10.1649/072.070.0109" volume="70" year="2016">Flechtmann and Atkinson 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Landi et al. 2016;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.7" author="Gallego, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="431 - 434" refId="B169" refString="Gallego, D, Lencina, JL, Mas, H, Cevero, J, Faccoli, M, 2017. First record of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in the Iberian Peninsula. Zootaxa 2743: 431 - 434, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.7" title="First record of the granulate ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in the Iberian Peninsula." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4273.3.7" volume="2743" year="2017">Gallego et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 68" refId="B175" refString="Gomez, DF, Rabaglia, RJ, Fairbanks, KEO, Hulcr, J, 2018a. North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys 768: 19 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" title="North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" volume="768" year="2018 a">Gomez et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Strongly polyphagous (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dole, SA" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the California of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="451 - 545" refId="B109" refString="Dole, SA, Cognato, AI, 2010. Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Proceedings of the California of Science 61: 451 - 545" title="Revision of Xylosandrus Reitter (Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." volume="61" year="2010">Dole and Cognato 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The basic biology has been described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Sarawak Museum Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="300 - 318" refId="B69" refString="Browne, FG, 1961a. Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak). Sarawak Museum Journal 10: 300 - 318" title="Borer beetles from Bako National Park (Sarawak)." volume="10" year="1961 a">Browne (1961a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 594" refId="B399" refString="Schedl, KE, 1963a. Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung). Revista de Entomologia de Mocambique 5: 1 - 594" title="Scolytidae und Platypodidae Afrikas. Band II. Familie Scolytidae (Fortsetzung), Unterfamilie Ipinae (Fortsetzung)." volume="5" year="1963 a">Schedl (1963a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(both as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eichhoff" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus semiopacus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semiopacus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus semiopacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Integrated Pest Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B326" refString="Ranger, CM, Reding, ME, Schultz, PB, Oliver, JB, Frank, SD, Addesso, KM, Chong, JH, Sampson, B, Werle, C, Gill, S, Krause, C, 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 7: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" title="Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" volume="7" year="2016">Ranger et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
amongst others. Flight activity, and the attraction of flying adults to ethanol has been studied in the southern USA by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11119" author="Reding, ME" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Economic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2017 - 2024" refId="B328" refString="Reding, ME, Schultz, PB, Ranger, CM, Oliver, JB, 2011. Optimizing ethanol-baited traps for monitoring damaging ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental nurseries. Journal of Economic Entomology 104: 2017 - 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11119" title="Optimizing ethanol-baited traps for monitoring damaging ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental nurseries." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EC11119" volume="104" year="2011">Reding et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13134" author="Reding, ME" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Economic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1780 - 1787" refId="B329" refString="Reding, ME, Ranger, CM, Oliver, JB, Schultz, PB, 2013. Monitoring attack and flight activity of Xylosandrus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): The influence of temperature on activity. Journal of Economic Entomology 106: 1780 - 1787, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13134" title="Monitoring attack and flight activity of Xylosandrus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae): The influence of temperature on activity." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13134" volume="106" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), attack densities and adult emergence on various hosts by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12009" author="Mayfield, III AE" journalOrPublisher="Agricultural and Forest Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="227 - 235" refId="B260" refString="Mayfield, III AE, MacKenzie, M, Cannon, P, Oak, S, Horn, S, Hwang, J, Kendra, PE, 2013. Suitability of California bay laurel and other species as hosts for the non-native redbay ambrosia beetle and granulate ambrosia beetle. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 15: 227 - 235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12009" title="Suitability of California bay laurel and other species as hosts for the non-native redbay ambrosia beetle and granulate ambrosia beetle." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/afe.12009" volume="15" year="2013">Mayfield et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and attraction to volatiles from the symbiotic ambrosia fungus by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-0046-x" author="Hulcr, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Chemical Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1374 - 1377" refId="B209" refString="Hulcr, J, Mann, R, Stelinski, LL, 2011. The scent of a partner: ambrosia beetles are attracted to volatiles from their fungal symbiont. Journal of Chemical Ecology 37: 1374 - 1377, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-0046-x" title="The scent of a partner: ambrosia beetles are attracted to volatiles from their fungal symbiont." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-011-0046-x" volume="37" year="2011">Hulcr et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This is a species of economic importance because, like
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. compactus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="compactus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. compactus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it can attack and breed in healthy shoots and twigs. This can result in the introduction of pathogenic fungi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sreedharan, K" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Coffee Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="145 - 148" refId="B448" refString="Sreedharan, K, Balakrishnan, M, Sanuel, S, Bhat, P, 1991. A note on the association of wood boring beetles and a fungus with the death of silver oak trees on coffee plantations. Journal of Coffee Research 21: 145 - 148" title="A note on the association of wood boring beetles and a fungus with the death of silver oak trees on coffee plantations." volume="21" year="1991">Sreedharan et al. 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, MA" journalOrPublisher="Southern Nursery Association Research Conference" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="106 - 112" refId="B106" refString="Davis, MA, Dute, RR, 1997. Fungal associates of the Asian ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus. Southern Nursery Association Research Conference 42: 106 - 112" title="Fungal associates of the Asian ambrosia beetle, Xylosandrus crassiusculus." volume="42" year="1997">Davis and Dute 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It seems to be an infrequent pest in the Oriental and Afrotropical regions, although attacks on transplants have been recorded (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Browne, FG" journalOrPublisher="Clarendon Press, Oxford" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B76" refString="Browne, FG, 1968a. Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees: An Annotated List of the Principal Species Occurring in the British Commonwealth. Clarendon Press, Oxford" title="Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees: An Annotated List of the Principal Species Occurring in the British Commonwealth." year="1968 a">Browne 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is of greater importance in USA, where its ecology and management in plant nurseries is discussed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" author="Ranger, CM" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Integrated Pest Management" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B326" refString="Ranger, CM, Reding, ME, Schultz, PB, Oliver, JB, Frank, SD, Addesso, KM, Chong, JH, Sampson, B, Werle, C, Gill, S, Krause, C, 2016. Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 7: 1 - 9, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" title="Biology, ecology, and management of nonnative ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in ornamental plant nurseries." url="https://doi.org/10.1603/EN11299" volume="7" year="2016">Ranger et al. (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |