171 lines
16 KiB
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171 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297124" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3f0f641c-cd4b-4694-8e47-c47be23ac2a9" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905116760" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="20F5C41167740D38F20D7B42C0E9186B" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Carnivora.532-628.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Ursidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" lastPageNumber="586" masterDocId="E69BF2968277AF6992A8FF32E9D4E7ED" masterDocTitle="Order Carnivora" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="532" pageNumber="586" updateTime="1716792096583" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B567ADB8A7290F1A1A27D75DB8FF645E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="CE1412FC30317DDE430EAF894CAA57EE">
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<mods:title id="FE1B2BC8D31EDDC25F7D159D8F8F9ACB">Order Carnivora</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="BB2B90520D447C91D69E310CAC18EE33" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="BC89CC5B8F5B3BEAF980EDCD4E1D6FAC">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="CE47495B096461D743B5E927F4C2522E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CF8EB0BFD0E9D50BA28B08A85BA1BDA3">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D790596441D8B361E41CEA331E318940">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="B071D4A9DB431C34A54B7904DD0DE62C">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="DBBC875E7D20F25AF630A3DE0647EEAB">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="550242CCA5B5E5A77D9EAEA5B48C3DB0">
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<mods:placeTerm id="450E3138C18A0706AC4490128A3B60AC">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="312E0F52F7D8276FED5B903DC478C9CC">
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<mods:title id="CCDEBDEBD75DC3D085898F1A6B92B76A">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8294543748955C3B6AEE990B62282E07">
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<mods:extent id="2B90FD48184426EDE2E8DC5A9B854A53" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="C1E1DD95128AEBB6F94DE87E7B30912B">532</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="530837C5B406F8E4D43E7E9A00AB0B86">628</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1CD60A0AEBB48EB57EB92084EBD5ECB8">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="898767BE4590D2E0039AFA477777398E" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B333E5151B2959E599B8B7FDA0DB6721" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316519</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="20F5C41167740D38F20D7B42C0E9186B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11344920" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231548035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11344920" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20F5C41167740D38F20D7B42C0E9186B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/20F5C41167740D38F20D7B42C0E9186B" lastPageNumber="586" pageNumber="586" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000939">
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<subSubSection id="82B437F4B2A7E43A46EED83F5DAE3268" pageNumber="586" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="796FCFD208F16196DDB61B90F0B54592" pageNumber="586">
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<taxonomicName id="4E9CEBA43D79F86D2CCAB0AB87BBAAAC" ID-CoL="HQQ" authority="Fischer de Waldheim 1817" authorityName="Fischer de Waldheim" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ursidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7B9B9DF7D9F53AA2A77A62E1F22FDC05" pageNumber="586" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="73432ED1788509083BC0A6D0390FAA09" pageNumber="586">
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<treatmentCitation id="0D275662C25DD05DC1738F5A40216C67" author="Fischer de Waldheim" authority="Fischer de Waldheim 1817" authorityName="Fischer de Waldheim" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" journal="Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" page="372" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="family" title="Ursidae" volume="5" year="1817">
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<taxonomicName id="B29ED1BACF846DE9543542236522E273" ID-CoL="HQQ" authority="Fischer de Waldheim 1817" authorityName="Fischer de Waldheim" authorityYear="1817" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ursidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="19F1F0413814870452E72B4FF3E410EB" author="Fischer de Waldheim" journal="Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscow" pageNumber="586" pagination="372" title="Ursidae" volume="5" year="1817">
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Mem. Soc. Imp. Nat.
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<collectingRegion id="E92847D2C745D7B74402CF3D081D32A6" country="Russia" name="Moscow">Moscow</collectingRegion>
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, 5: 372
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</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="789340CB99AE974B024191B78FEFD8A2" pageNumber="586" type="synonym_list">
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<paragraph id="5FB5B3E6867BAE4A882E1154822E4CEB" pageNumber="586">
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<emphasis id="451344E840B18CB3E76DE4DF5811BC49" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="586">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="44BE7DD053ED03DDB32FE7A315CBFED7" authority="Pocock 1916" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ailuropodidae Pocock 1916</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="DEB30F21870FE9AF2F2908474E3149C7" authority="Gray 1821" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" class="Mammalia" family="Ursinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
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Ursinidae
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<bibRefCitation id="D0FE5747DD376AA6867DB93F288C4174" author="Gray, J. E." refId="ref127912" refString="Gray, J. E. 1821. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals. London Medical Repository, 15 (1): 296 - 310." year="1821">Gray 1821</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A3597E3FCAD8DC01D0E8E2731695AA17" pageNumber="586" type="child_taxa">
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<paragraph id="3C2CB13CF7482EEAF7237C680C9ACB59" pageNumber="586">
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<emphasis id="70CE174979F93BA59AAD7205B5DB7C45" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="586">Genera:</emphasis>
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5 genera with 8 species:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4219D88404486542E304F0409484D4F" pageNumber="586">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="2A2E7819BA1C15E3566B778D4DD2419C" authority="Milne-Edwards 1870" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="74252EDCBE0DC957FCDD4A9617620CEE" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
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Milne-Edwards 1870
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1D42A4E6835247E01DF94E0BEAB88537" pageNumber="586">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="6CDA78612A6D265A672663198FEABB7D" authority="Horsfield 1825" authorityName="Horsfield" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Helarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="25B0A4F781EEEF7A502692779E81F526" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Helarctos</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="E69D78F56B2A8EDA904A7B42D0E5809B" author="Horsfield, T." refId="ref159312" refString="Horsfield, T. 1825. Description of the RIMAU-DAHAN of the inhabitants of Sumatra, a new species of Felis, discovered in the forests of Bencoolen, by Sir T. Stamford Raffles, late Lieutenant Governor of Fort Marlborough, & c., & c., & c. Zoological Journal, 1 (4): 542 - 554." year="1825">Horsfield 1825</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species with 2 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1E46E9645DA9CE061BB9093A8E4B4B31" pageNumber="586">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="5B10DE642BB53EDCB98D35A5AFAE01F6" authority="Meyer 1793" authorityName="Meyer" authorityYear="1793" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Melursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="296B58ACD58092901CC3EDB77F04216D" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Melursus</emphasis>
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Meyer 1793
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species with 2 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="12AE2FD1B210548B94C78C633DF3C09D" pageNumber="586">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="8CD3796CA7F4AC140F8D00D00F289FA4" authority="Gervais 1855" authorityName="Gervais" authorityYear="1855" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Tremarctos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4FBD280D03A51E9CA0AB13419D5BC0E7" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Tremarctos</emphasis>
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Gervais 1855
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</taxonomicName>
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(1 species)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9CE961E0EFBBDA9D95D103BDA9192FC1" pageNumber="586">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="50E560D7325ADE903121AEF6EDD3E70F" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ursus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageNumber="586" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="AB17AB497692FCCD8AE609E4F2489F65" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Ursus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5851BEF4A78BD62BA0D7C606B6D8E833" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213949" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classis, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tenth ed. Vol. 1. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp." year="1758">Linnaeus 1758</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(4 species with 39 subspecies)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F41F240B3F763DE5951ADFF12E8733C7" pageNumber="586" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="F8D287CE8B2DE89D319C2C6BFA077A76" pageNumber="586">
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<emphasis id="EB8ECC7BD4F9CE49C730926152B4E2DC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="586">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="55B14C91F90D72B784AC818AB888A190" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C7048807F566CF235A1A4AA1416B9537" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been placed in a separate family by some; however, morphological and molecular evidence strongly supports the placement of
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<taxonomicName id="72C5286822EECF479799E60BEA540BD5" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="3B7A62AE89520BFB563AB54C86FDCC92" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in this family (
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<bibRefCitation id="03A0CD87EB286DE49B17B64EF3189DF4" author="Chorn, J. & R. S. Hoffmann" refId="ref61731" refString="Chorn, J., and R. S. Hoffmann. 1978. Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mammalian Species, 110: 1 - 6." year="1978">Chorn and Hoffmann, 1978</bibRefCitation>
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; Davis, 1964;
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<bibRefCitation id="178D8B643D53006B41AAC62102901D4C" author="Sarich, V. M." refId="ref317200" refString="Sarich, V. M. 1973. The giant panda is a bear. Nature, 245: 218 - 220." year="1973">Sarich, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="68595EF8E9E30FE99C30EBBA71D1E05D" author="Sarich, V. M." refId="ref317223" refString="Sarich, V. M. 1976. Transferrin. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 33: 165 - 171." year="1976">1976</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="248B3C1AD8BAA9DBAF6F42D361FAE62B" author="Mayr, E." refId="ref232293" refString="Mayr, E. 1986. Uncertainty in science: Is the giant panda a bear or raccoon? Nature, 323: 769 - 771." year="1986">Mayr, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="C55D87E6CC576A3CB16DB6ABC0AC7E31" author="Goldman, D. P. & R. Giri & S. J. O'Brien" refId="ref122531" refString="Goldman, D. P., R. Giri, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Evolution, 43 (2): 282 - 295." year="1989">Goldman et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="84C323AE36F4225D16FDE244FAB8B312" author="Hendey, Q. B." refId="ref147096" refString="Hendey, Q. B. 1980 a. Agriotherium (Mammalia: Ursidae) from Langebaanweg, South Africa, and relationships of the genus. Annals of the South African Museum, 81 (1): 1 - 109." year="1980">
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Hendey, 1980
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<emphasis id="005E077FFC1CDB1BCFFF30A48D44CD27" italics="true" pageNumber="586">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<emphasis id="B64882D6FC61711BD76D355637CD7987" italics="true" pageNumber="586">b</emphasis>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="DBC5631BE82D3C7E546DC3AC67A08733" author="O'Brien, S. J. & W. G. Nash & D. E. Wildt & M. E. Bush & R. E. Benveniste" refId="ref263548" refString="O'Brien, S. J., W. G. Nash, D. E. Wildt, M. E. Bush, and R. E. Benveniste. 1985. A molecular solution to the riddle of the gaint panda's phylogeny. Nature, 317: 140 - 144." year="1985">O'Brien et al., 1985</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8BE14CFB6F4122CBEF40EE53AA12F753" author="Wozencraft, W. C." refId="ref394996" refString="Wozencraft, W. C. 1989 a. The phylogeny of the Recent Carnivora. Pp. 495 - 535, in Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution (J. L. Gittleman, ed.). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 620 pp." year="1989">
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Wozencraft, 1989
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<emphasis id="35BC89C1ECDFCBABEC9BB7D75DCFBA2C" italics="true" pageNumber="586">a</emphasis>
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="7E8A4957B05485538B319FBDC7FB608E" author="Thenius, E." refId="ref351117" refString="Thenius, E. 1979. Zur systematischen und phylogenetischen Stellung des Bambusbaren: Ailuropoda melanoleuca David (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44 (5): 286 - 305." year="1979">Thenius (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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placed
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<taxonomicName id="B2007F2ACC1BAE7B149119D90BBC1D33" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1870" class="Mammalia" family="Ursidae" genus="Ailuropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="9F34D864B567717B616475936D820439" italics="true" pageNumber="586">Ailuropoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the monotypic family
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<taxonomicName id="CC6BE99FCD0C32CF247AD9BA356940FA" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1916" class="Mammalia" family="Ailuropodidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Ailuropodidae</taxonomicName>
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. Morphological studies have supported the monophyly of three subfamilies (Hendey, 1980; Kurtén, 1966;
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<bibRefCitation id="562B4AC3D5595810F0EC791CCADD7852" author="Thenius, E." refId="ref351117" refString="Thenius, E. 1979. Zur systematischen und phylogenetischen Stellung des Bambusbaren: Ailuropoda melanoleuca David (Carnivora, Mammalia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 44 (5): 286 - 305." year="1979">Thenius, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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), although this has not been corroborated by a recent molecular approach (
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<bibRefCitation id="E422940E757BC725A92EA7944F7A7E27" author="Goldman, D. P. & R. Giri & S. J. O'Brien" refId="ref122531" refString="Goldman, D. P., R. Giri, and S. J. O'Brien. 1989. Molecular genetic-distance estimates among the Ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis. Evolution, 43 (2): 282 - 295." year="1989">Goldman et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
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). Subfamilies are not recognized here. Synonyms allocated according to
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<bibRefCitation id="D79F76C388352CD9AB3DF43A8A0AB069" author="McKenna, M. C. & S. K. Bell" refId="ref233772" refString="McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of mammals above the species level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp." year="1997">McKenna and Bell (1997)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |