treatments-xml/data/1B/5B/4F/1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1007/s13127-021-00538-4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9ebd859-33ff-49d4-8b60-929a155ae30b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914587" checkinTime="1643390083388" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Aguado, M. Teresa, Ponz-Segrelles, Guillermo, Glasby, Christopher J., Ribeiro, Rannyele P., Nakamura, Mayuko, Oguchi, Kohei, Omori, Akihito, Kohtsuka, Hisanori, Fisher, Christian, Ise, Yuji, Jimi, Naoto &amp; Miura, Toru" docDate="2022" docId="1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D" docLanguage="en" docName="OrgDiversEvol.22.377-405.pdf" docOrigin="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 22" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13127-021-00538-4" docTitle="Ramisyllis kingghidorahi Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura 2022, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="E7623714FFBA6875FFC0FFBF3D59FFC6" masterDocTitle="Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., a new branching annelid from Japan" masterLastPageNumber="405" masterPageNumber="377" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1657626676623" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., a new branching annelid from Japan</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aguado, M. Teresa</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Ponz-Segrelles, Guillermo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Glasby, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ribeiro, Rannyele P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Nakamura, Mayuko</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Oguchi, Kohei</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Omori, Akihito</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kohtsuka, Hisanori</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fisher, Christian</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ise, Yuji</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Jimi, Naoto</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Miura, Toru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-01-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number>22</mods:number>
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<heading level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,771,1776,1908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[166,771,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,436,1776,1800]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">Ramisyllis kingghidorahi</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[442,499,1776,1800]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Aguado, Ponz-Segrelles,
</emphasis>
Glasby, Ribeiro, Jimi &amp; Miura.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,771,1776,1908]" box="[501,648,1809,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<figureCitation box="[501,648,1809,1834]" captionStart-0="◂" captionStart-1="◂" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="◂" captionStart-4="◂" captionStart-5="◂" captionStart-6="Fig" captionStart-7="Fig" captionStart-8="Fig" captionStart-9="Fig" captionStartId-0="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionStartId-1="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionStartId-2="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionStartId-3="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionStartId-4="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionStartId-5="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionStartId-6="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionStartId-7="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionStartId-8="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionStartId-9="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox-0="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1425,155,1854]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetBox-4="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetBox-5="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetBox-8="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetBox-9="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetId-1="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetId-2="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetId-3="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId-4="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId-5="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId-6="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetId-7="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId-8="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetId-9="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionTargetPageId-3="15" captionTargetPageId-4="17" captionTargetPageId-5="19" captionTargetPageId-6="21" captionTargetPageId-7="22" captionTargetPageId-8="23" captionTargetPageId-9="24" captionText-0="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" captionText-1="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electronmicroscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" captionText-2="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllismulticaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisylliskingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz-Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" captionText-3="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" captionText-4="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" captionText-5="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" captionText-6="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" captionText-7="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" captionText-8="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like modified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" captionText-9="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detachment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" figureDoi-9="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Figures 5–14</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[136,771,1776,1908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5E809913-30EF-43A1-831C-F6CFED9B40E7.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</heading>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,921,154,179]" box="[816,921,154,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,921,154,179]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,921,154,179]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1451,220,378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Species of 
<taxonomicName box="[938,1051,220,244]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[938,1051,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ramisyllis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sister-group related to 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, long anterior tentacular and dorsal cirri (twice long as midbody ones), long proventricle (through 4 segments), stolon stalks similar to other segments in regular branches and proliferation of new branches in intersegmental areas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1016,421,446]" box="[816,1016,421,446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1016,421,446]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1016,421,446]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1452,487,1444]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457302" collectingDate="2019-10-01" collectionCode="ZMUG, MNCNM" collectorName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Miura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka" elevation="15" latitude="37.80475" location="Kohtsuka" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" specimenCode="ZMUG29,568, MNCNM 16.01/19089-90" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[816,949,487,511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: 
<specimenCount box="[955,1026,487,511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">Female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[1035,1179,487,511]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG29,568</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1185,1441,487,511]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">MNCNM 16.01/19089–90</specimenCode>
), samples SA1-SA6, 
<date box="[1016,1133,521,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-10-01">
<collectingDate box="[1016,1133,521,545]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" value="2019-10-01">1 Oct 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1143,1285,519,545]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="37.80475">37°48′17.1″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1296,1448,519,545]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="25.1" value="138.24031">138°14′25.1″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[816,874,554,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation box="[816,874,554,578]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep, coll. 
<collectorName box="[1009,1095,554,578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aguado</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1109,1270,554,578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ponz-Segrelles</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1285,1352,554,578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Miura</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[1367,1447,554,578]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oguchi</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[816,882,587,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Omori</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[912,1010,587,611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kohtsuka</collectorName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1452,487,1444]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus box="[847,1013,621,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
: 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457305" collectionCode="ZMUG, MNCNM, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,569, MNCNM 16.01, SA7-22" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1031,1133,621,645]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paratype</typeStatus>
1: male (
<specimenCode box="[1263,1446,620,645]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,569</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[816,998,654,678]" collectionCode="MNCNM" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">MNCNM 16.01</specimenCode>
/19091–92), samples 
<specimenCode box="[1249,1339,654,678]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA7-22</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457316" collectionCode="ZMUG, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,571, SA28-34" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1354,1451,654,678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
2: male (
<specimenCode box="[917,1089,687,711]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,571</specimenCode>
), samples 
<specimenCode box="[1209,1312,687,711]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA28-34</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457317" collectionCode="ZMUG, MNCNM, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,573, MNCNM 16.01, SA43, 46" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1325,1420,688,712]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
3: non reproductive specimen (
<specimenCode box="[1152,1328,720,745]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,573</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode collectionCode="MNCNM" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">MNCNM 16.01</specimenCode>
/19093), samples 
<specimenCode box="[1066,1129,754,778]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA43</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1139,1169,754,778]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">46</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457312" collectionCode="ZMUG, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,576, SA61-62" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1180,1272,754,778]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
4: male (
<specimenCode collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,576</specimenCode>
), samples 
<specimenCode box="[1025,1129,787,811]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA61-62</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457318" collectionCode="ZMUG, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,576, SA63" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1146,1244,788,812]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
5: non reproductive specimen (
<specimenCode box="[982,1150,820,845]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,576</specimenCode>
), sample 
<specimenCode box="[1253,1317,820,844]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA63</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457322" collectionCode="ZMUG, MNCNM, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,583, MNCNM 16.01, SA85-91" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1330,1423,821,845]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
6: male (
<specimenCode box="[884,1050,854,878]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,583</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1062,1234,854,878]" collectionCode="MNCNM" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">MNCNM 16.01</specimenCode>
/19094–96), sample 
<specimenCode box="[816,917,887,911]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA85-91</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457325" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,585" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[929,1023,888,912]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
7: non reproductive specimen (
<specimenCode collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,585</specimenCode>
), sample 96
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457319" collectionCode="ZMUG, SA" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,586, SA102" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[1031,1122,921,945]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
8: male (
<specimenCode box="[1219,1382,920,945]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,586</specimenCode>
), sample 
<specimenCode box="[857,934,954,978]" collectionCode="SA" country="France" name="Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratiore de Paleontologie" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">SA102</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457309" collectingDate="2019-10-01" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="All" county="Aguado" elevation="15" latitude="37.80475" location="Miura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Aomori" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[945,1038,954,978]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratype</typeStatus>
9: female (
<collectionCode box="[1160,1236,954,978]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">NSMT</collectionCode>
Pol-P-843), sample 220.
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457306" collectingDate="2019-10-01" collectionCode="NSMT" collectorName="All" county="Aguado" elevation="15" latitude="37.80475" location="Miura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Aomori" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName box="[869,903,987,1011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">All</collectorName>
<typeStatus box="[909,1011,988,1012]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">paratypes</typeStatus>
collected on 
<date box="[1151,1289,987,1011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-10-01">
<collectingDate box="[1151,1289,987,1011]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" value="2019-10-01">1st Oct 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1298,1448,986,1011]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="37.80475">37°48′17.1″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[816,984,1019,1045]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="25.1" value="138.24031">138°14′25.1″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[998,1056,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation box="[998,1056,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep, by 
<collectingCounty box="[1172,1262,1020,1044]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aguado</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1276,1446,1020,1044]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ponz-Segrelles</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FCF0FBA13E2DFBF0" box="[816,884,1054,1078]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Miura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Miura</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FCBFFBA13E88FBF0" box="[895,977,1054,1078]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Oguchi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Oguchi</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[988,1059,1054,1078]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Omori</collectingRegion>
&amp; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FB84FBA139F7FBF0" box="[1092,1198,1054,1078]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Kohtsuka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Kohtsuka</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1452,487,1444]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Additional material: 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457321" box="[1078,1365,1087,1111]" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,570" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[1078,1172,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[1188,1357,1087,1111]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,570</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457314" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,572" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[1377,1451,1087,1111]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[823,986,1120,1145]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,572</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457315" box="[1004,1278,1120,1145]" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,574" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[1004,1094,1120,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[1107,1270,1120,1145]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,574</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457301" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,578" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[1288,1359,1120,1145]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,578</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457308" box="[915,1426,1154,1178]" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,579" specimenCount="1">
1 non reproductive specimen (
<specimenCode box="[1249,1417,1154,1178]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,579</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457303" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,578" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[885,1055,1187,1211]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,578</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457313" box="[1075,1365,1187,1211]" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,582" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1">
<specimenCount box="[1075,1171,1187,1211]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[1186,1357,1187,1211]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,582</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457310" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,584" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[1377,1452,1187,1211]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[824,996,1220,1245]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,584</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457323" box="[1017,1289,1220,1245]" collectionCode="ZMUG" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,589" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1">
<specimenCount box="[1017,1092,1220,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<specimenCode box="[1109,1282,1220,1245]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,589</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457320" collectionCode="ZMUG" collectorName="Sex" latitude="29.595" longLatPrecision="73" longitude="29.598" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="ZMUG 29,597" specimenCount="1">
6 specs. (
<collectorName box="[1409,1451,1221,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Sex</collectorName>
not determined, undissected sponges with worms inside) (
<collectionCode box="[823,904,1287,1311]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ZMUG</collectionCode>
29,587, 29,590–94), male stolons (
<collectionCode box="[1283,1364,1287,1311]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ZMUG</collectionCode>
29,595, 29,598), female stolons (
<specimenCode box="[1075,1237,1320,1345]" collectionCode="ZMUG" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/dcif-mx0c" name="Zoologisches Museum der Universitat Gottingen" pageId="12" pageNumber="3">ZMUG 29,597</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457304" collectingDate="2019-10-01" collectorName="All" county="Aguado" elevation="15" latitude="37.80475" location="Miura" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Aomori">
<collectorName box="[1254,1288,1320,1344]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">All</collectorName>
specimens collected on 
<date box="[919,1057,1354,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="2019-10-01">
<collectingDate box="[919,1057,1354,1378]" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" value="2019-10-01">1st Oct 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1067,1216,1353,1378]" degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="17.1" value="37.80475">37°48′17.1″N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1227,1388,1353,1378]" degrees="138" direction="east" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="1" seconds="25.1" value="138.24031">138°14′25.1″E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[1398,1452,1354,1378]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation box="[1398,1452,1354,1378]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep, by 
<collectingCounty box="[912,999,1387,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aguado</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1010,1174,1387,1411]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ponz-Segrelles</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FB60FAD439BDFA45" box="[1184,1252,1387,1411]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Miura" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Miura</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FB2FFAD43819FA45" box="[1263,1344,1387,1411]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Oguchi" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Oguchi</location>
, 
<collectingRegion box="[1354,1425,1387,1411]" country="Japan" name="Aomori" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Omori</collectingRegion>
&amp; 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FCF0FA333EC3FA62" box="[816,922,1420,1444]" county="Aguado" latitude="37.80475" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="138.24031" municipality="Ponz-Segrelles" name="Kohtsuka" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" stateProvince="Aomori">Kohtsuka</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1047,1487,1512]" box="[816,1047,1487,1512]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,1047,1487,1512]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1047,1487,1512]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Comparative material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1458,1554,1911]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName box="[816,1072,1554,1578]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[816,1072,1554,1578]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ramisyllis multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457307" collectionCode="RM" collectorName="Glasby &amp; Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles" county="Channel Island" latitude="-12.553333" location="Seven" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="130.87334" municipality="Darwin Harbour" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" specimenCode="RM 1-7" specimenCount="1">
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB66879FBFDF9AD3924F9EC" box="[1085,1149,1554,1578]" county="Channel Island" latitude="-12.553333" longLatPrecision="129" longitude="130.87334" municipality="Darwin Harbour" name="Seven" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Seven</location>
specimens (
<specimenCode box="[1278,1368,1554,1578]" collectionCode="RM" country="Canada" name="McGill University, Redpath Museum" pageId="12" pageNumber="3" type="Museum">RM 1–7</specimenCode>
, Online Resource 2), 
<collectingMunicipality box="[961,1143,1587,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Darwin Harbour</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[1155,1318,1587,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Channel Island</collectingCounty>
(
<typeStatus box="[1334,1382,1587,1611]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
locality), 
<geoCoordinate box="[868,975,1619,1645]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="33.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="92" value="-12.553333">12°33.2′S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[987,1115,1619,1645]" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="52.4" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" precision="92" value="130.87334">130° 52.4E′</geoCoordinate>
, coll. and identified by 
<collectorName box="[1370,1447,1620,1644]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Glasby</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName box="[816,901,1654,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aguado</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[935,1100,1654,1678]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ponz-Segrelles</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1458,1554,1911]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[847,987,1687,1711]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[847,987,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syllis ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457324" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<specimenCount box="[1000,1119,1687,1711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
University Museum of the University of 
<collectingRegion box="[920,987,1720,1744]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
(UMUTZ-Ann-Pc-95) Found in the “gastral cavity and adjacent parts” of 
<emphasis box="[1125,1452,1754,1778]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Crateromorpha meyeri rugosa</emphasis>
in Sagami Bay (around 
<quantity box="[1074,1143,1787,1811]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
deep). Coll. by K. Aoki and identified by A. 
<bibRefCitation author="Izuka" box="[990,1131,1820,1845]" firstAuthor="Izuka" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 262" part="30" refId="ref16944" refString="Izuka, A. (1912). The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 30 (2), 1 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. ns- 18.446. 109" title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan" type="journal article" year="1912">Izuka (1912)</bibRefCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="12.[816,1458,1554,1911]" lastBlockId="14.[136,770,153,244]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[847,1056,1854,1878]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[847,912,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Syllis</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis box="[969,1056,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3459457311" elevation="42.5" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<specimenCount box="[1078,1216,1854,1878]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
from the 
<collectingCounty pageId="12" pageNumber="13">National Museum of Nature</collectingCounty>
and 
<collectingMunicipality box="[1099,1188,1887,1911]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Science</collectingMunicipality>
of 
<collectingRegion box="[1233,1306,1887,1911]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
(NSMT-Pol S. 1568). 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB4687BFF3CFF263C1DFF77" box="[252,324,153,177]" county="National Museum of Nature" municipality="Science" name="Found" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Tokyo">Found</location>
in “a sponge” at 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B5B4F6CFFB66867FF66F94F3988F98D:962DA8A1FFB4687BFDD5FF263FF9FF74" box="[533,672,153,178]" county="National Museum of Nature" municipality="Science" name="Sagami Bay" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" stateProvince="Tokyo">Sagami Bay</location>
(around 
<quantity box="[136,236,187,211]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">
<elevation box="[136,236,187,211]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="42.5" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="35.0">35–50 m</elevation>
</quantity>
deep), collected and identified by 
<collectorName box="[637,770,187,211]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">M. Imajima</collectorName>
in 2005.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" targetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph blockId="13.[136,771,1680,1808]" lastBlockId="13.[816,1452,1680,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,184,1681,1702]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</emphasis>
Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ramisyllis kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[273,326,1707,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[334,422,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(A, C-H)</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[474,697,1706,1727]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[474,697,1706,1727]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ramisyllismulticaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[706,736,1706,1728]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">(B)</emphasis>
for comparison. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[256,272,1733,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[281,512,1733,1754]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[281,512,1733,1754]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ramisylliskingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[520,572,1733,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Holotype. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[678,693,1733,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[702,716,1734,1755]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from 
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles, G. &amp; Glasby, C. J. &amp; Helm, C. &amp; Beckers, P. &amp; Hammel, J. U. &amp; Ribeiro, R. P. &amp; Aguado, M. T." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
, with permission. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[541,557,1786,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1114,1130,1680,1701]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1213,1228,1706,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1275,1289,1706,1727]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
. Pharynx everted in ventral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[966,984,1733,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1354,1372,1733,1754]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H</emphasis>
Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1272,1288,1759,1780]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1300,1315,1760,1781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">B</emphasis>
, 200 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1401,1417,1759,1781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1429,1445,1760,1781]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">D</emphasis>
, 100 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[891,906,1786,1807]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">E</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[917,931,1786,1807]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">F</emphasis>
, 2 mm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1000,1018,1786,1808]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">G</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1029,1047,1786,1807]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">H</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,251,287,312]" box="[136,251,287,312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading bold="true" box="[136,251,287,312]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,251,287,312]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,771,353,577]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">The name refers to King Ghidorah, the three-headed and two-tailed monster enemy of Godzilla. Both characters were created by Tomoyuki Tanaka based on Japanese mythology and folklore. King Ghidorah is a branching fictitious animal that can regenerate its lost ends. King Ghidorah is assumed to be a male and latinized accordingly.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,394,620,645]" box="[136,394,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading bold="true" box="[136,394,620,645]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,394,620,645]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,771,687,744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Coastal waters of Sado Island, 
<collectingCountry box="[484,549,687,710]" name="Japan" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Japan</collectingCountry>
, around 
<quantity box="[647,703,687,711]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
deep; symbiont of 
<taxonomicName box="[272,398,721,744]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[272,361,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Petrosia</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(pink form).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,220,787,812]" box="[136,220,787,812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading bold="true" box="[136,220,787,812]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,220,787,812]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,772,853,1877]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The sponges were collected on vertical stone walls, slopes, or small caves, usually in lessexposed areaswhere theywere often accompanied by other sponges, encrusting algae, and coralline algae. The sponges measured 
<quantity box="[451,543,953,977]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="cm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5–10 cm</quantity>
in diameter and were usually irregularly round and pink, withmostly smooth surfaces except some areas showing crests, dead and healed areas (
<figureCitation box="[144,219,1053,1078]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
), and some large oscula (
<figureCitation box="[487,565,1053,1077]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
). Immediately after placing the sponges in trays, many very active, fast-swimming male stolons (see description below) left them. After 2–3 h, swimming female stolons (see description below) also left, moving slower than males. Detached stolons, mostly males, shook vigorously (Video S1), as in other syllids (MTA, personal observation). Dissection revealed only one worm specimen per sponge, most of them developing stolons (ten were males, 
<specimenCount box="[211,342,1320,1344]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
), though not all of them showed signs of stolonization (
<specimenCount box="[280,442,1353,1377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
). In sponges containing sexually mature specimens with attached stolons, some fully developed, detached stolons were also found in the sponge canals. All attached and free stolons from the same sponge specimen were of the same sex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[136,772,853,1877]" lastBlockId="14.[816,1451,153,211]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
The anterior worm end, considerably less active than the posterior ends, was always at the inner basal area of the sponge. No pattern was observed in the position or orientation of the branches. The sponges were generally widely occupied, particularly in some areas. Worm branches were quite flexible and elastic, which facilitated fluent movement within the canal system. However, even though some branches could move outside the sponge when needed, worms were not able to abandon the sponge, even when some of their branches were dying. In natural conditions, the posterior ends emerged from the ostia or the oscula only in 
<specimenCount box="[843,992,153,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
. In the laboratory, posterior ends moved on the sponge surface (
<figureCitation box="[1031,1132,187,211]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Fig. 
<pageNumber ambiguity="1" box="[1081,1094,187,211]" fuzzyness="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" score="6.0" value="5">5</pageNumber>
e, f
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="14.[816,939,254,279]" box="[816,939,254,279]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<heading bold="true" box="[816,939,254,279]" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,939,254,279]" pageId="14" pageNumber="5">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[816,1452,320,911]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1055,320,345]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">External morphology</emphasis>
Dendriform branching body with one anterior and multiple posterior ends (
<figureCitation box="[1271,1378,353,377]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
). Random branching asymmetry (
<figureCitation box="[1123,1205,387,411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7h</figureCitation>
). Body subcylindrical, ventrally flattened, mostly translucent (except some yellowish or brownish areas in vivo). 
<typeStatus box="[1190,1290,453,477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity box="[1297,1393,453,477]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.36">0.36 mm</quantity>
wide at proventricle level, without parapodia. Branches always dichotomous, emerging at approximately right angles from intersegmental areas (
<figureCitation box="[1046,1150,553,578]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9a–d</figureCitation>
). Paired branches from same segment not seen. 
<typeStatus box="[1015,1115,587,611]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Holotype</typeStatus>
with first branching point after segment 24, second 4 and 6 segments later on each respective branch (
<figureCitation box="[960,1043,653,678]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
). Number of segments between two contiguous ramifications lacking obvious branching pattern (4–10 segments in 
<typeStatus box="[1017,1110,720,744]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
anterior branches to 10–20 segments between branching points in other regions). Most midbody segments as long as wide (70 µm length) (
<figureCitation captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9a–c, e–f</figureCitation>
), with some areas with much longer segments, 2–3 times as long as regular ones (174 µm; 
<figureCitation box="[1176,1255,853,878]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
), rectangular, yellowish or brownish, with much shorter dorsal cirri (
<figureCitation box="[1361,1439,887,911]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[816,1452,953,1878]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Prostomium rounded, with two pairs of eyes, anterior pair larger than posterior one; antennae articulated, median one slightly longer (8 articles in 
<typeStatus box="[1146,1245,1020,1044]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) than lateral ones (6–7 articles in 
<typeStatus box="[986,1082,1053,1077]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation box="[1104,1216,1053,1077]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 6a–c</figureCitation>
and 7a, c–d). Median antenna placed behind lateral ones (
<figureCitation box="[1214,1297,1087,1111]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
). Palps small, conical, ventrally directed (
<figureCitation box="[1115,1197,1120,1144]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6b</figureCitation>
). Nuchal organs absent (
<figureCitation box="[824,930,1153,1178]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6b, c</figureCitation>
). Tentacular cirri articulated, dorsal ones longer (11 articles in 
<typeStatus box="[967,1061,1187,1211]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) than ventral ones (7 articles in 
<typeStatus pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation box="[890,1001,1220,1244]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6b, c</figureCitation>
). Dorsal surface of segments anterior to proventricle with a transversal band of cilia (
<figureCitation box="[1305,1383,1253,1278]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 6c</figureCitation>
), then with bunches of cilia in proventricular segments (
<figureCitation box="[1357,1443,1287,1311]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10i</figureCitation>
) and with minute crests on midbody segments in 
<specimenCount pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(
<figureCitation box="[877,997,1353,1378]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 10e–g</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[816,1452,953,1878]" lastBlockId="16.[136,772,387,977]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Dorsal cirri usually straight, stretched horizontally in life (
<figureCitation box="[824,903,1420,1444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 7h</figureCitation>
), articulated, with those in segments anterior to first branching point longer (23 articles in 
<typeStatus box="[1211,1305,1453,1477]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) than remaining ones (11–15 articles in 
<typeStatus box="[1101,1195,1487,1511]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation box="[1217,1293,1487,1511]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 5a</figureCitation>
). Anterior dorsal cirri as: 1st long, 2nd short, 3rd short, 4th long, 5th short, 6th long, 7th short, 8th short, and 9th long; remaining dorsal cirri generally with a strong long-short alternation in length (6–11 vs. 3–7 articles) (
<figureCitation box="[1067,1166,1620,1644]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9e, f</figureCitation>
). Longer dorsal cirri wider than short ones (
<figureCitation box="[994,1057,1653,1678]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
). Some midbody branches with long yellowish segments (see above) and dorsal cirri with 1–4 articles lacking clear length alternation (
<figureCitation box="[1235,1312,1720,1744]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="18.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@17.[160,1428,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="◂Fig. 9 Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A–F Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in A–C, much longer with short dorsal cirri in D, E and F Details of cirri alternation in length. A, C, E–F In dorsal view; B and D in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, C, 100 µm B, F, 400 µm D, and 500 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
). Dorsal cirri length and shape symmetrical on each segment, but symmetry occasionally lost (one long and one short dorsal cirrus on same segment) (
<figureCitation box="[1024,1104,1820,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[1074,1104,1820,1844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Dorsal cirri with spiral glands, larger and more remarkable in long ones (
<figureCitation box="[1266,1355,1853,1878]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8a</figureCitation>
, c-e, and 11a, c-f), opening exteriorly through both large and minute pores (joined in perforate plates) (
<figureCitation box="[496,558,420,444]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
d-f). Glandular content bright white in vivo, especially evident in long dorsal cirri (
<figureCitation box="[194,269,487,511]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[241,269,487,511]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
), turning into intense red and massively protruding outside through pores when dying (
<figureCitation box="[552,638,520,544]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="12.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetId="figure-11@11.[160,1427,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="◂Fig. 6 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Anterior region up to first 17 segments, dorsal view. B Prostomium in detail, anterodorsal view (broken antennae on stub). C Prostomium and first segments in detail showing dorsal bands of cilia, dorsal view. D–F Pores on dorsal cirri. Scale bars: 1 mm A, 200 µm B, 300 µm C, 50 µm E, 30 µm D, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914605/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Figs. 
<quantity box="[612,638,520,544]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="6.0">6g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
and 11b, f).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[122,136,145,168]" subCaptionStartIDs="16.[136,165,156,177]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 8 L" targetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph blockId="16.[122,772,145,337]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
◂ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,184,156,177]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8</emphasis>
Light microscope images of living specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ramisyllis kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[270,319,182,203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[324,340,181,202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
Branching point. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[505,520,181,202]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[532,576,181,203]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E–G</emphasis>
Posterior ends showing pygidia. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[253,269,208,230]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[283,299,208,229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,330,208,229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[343,352,208,229]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[591,609,235,256]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
and the digestive tract in 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[206,237,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I.A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[248,264,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[276,291,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
, and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[341,350,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
in dorsal view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[495,510,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[521,537,261,283]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[549,563,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[608,626,261,282]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
in ventral view. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,154,288,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,501,288,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[514,529,288,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">E</emphasis>
, 200 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[617,632,288,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[644,660,288,310]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[673,689,288,309]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">D</emphasis>
, 100 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,150,315,336]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">F</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[161,179,315,336]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">H</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[190,199,315,336]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">I</emphasis>
, and 50 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[312,330,314,336]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">G</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="16.[136,772,387,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Ventral cirri short, unarticulated, digitiform to oval, basally inserted on parapodia, shorter than parapodial lobes, with numerous pores (
<figureCitation box="[385,480,620,644]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[437,480,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="12.0">12g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
). Neuropodia bearing 2–3 simple chaetae (
<figureCitation box="[305,381,653,677]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
d-f), occasionally one (
<figureCitation box="[623,714,653,677]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12h</figureCitation>
), and one pointed acicula (
<figureCitation box="[362,456,687,711]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
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</figureCitation>
). Chaetae tomahawk shaped, bifid distally, prominent subdistal spur and series of denticles between teeth and spur; angle and relative sizes of distal teeth varies slightly along the body (
<figureCitation box="[527,604,787,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
a-f, h).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[136,772,387,977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Pygidial cirri articulated, resembling dorsal cirri of posterior segments (9–10 articles) (
<figureCitation box="[535,653,853,877]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 8e, f</figureCitation>
, and 
<figureCitation box="[714,757,853,877]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">10b</figureCitation>
). Numerous posterior ends regenerating with shorter dorsal and pygidial cirri (
<figureCitation box="[334,424,920,944]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10a</figureCitation>
). Anal openings densely ciliated (
<figureCitation box="[144,262,953,977]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10c, d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[136,771,1013,1904]" lastBlockId="16.[816,1452,153,444]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,329,1013,1038]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
Alimentary canal visible by transparency (
<figureCitation box="[203,330,1046,1071]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8a, c, i</figureCitation>
). Pharynx slender, through 12 segments in 
<typeStatus box="[162,257,1080,1104]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">holotype</typeStatus>
, about one-fourth width of proventricle (
<figureCitation box="[681,767,1080,1104]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 5a</figureCitation>
, 7a). Long, slender, cylindrical, strongly-cuticularized, with no tooth or trepan, partially eversible (
<figureCitation box="[548,663,1146,1170]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 7d–f</figureCitation>
). Pharynx mostly straight, with a curve anterior to proventricle visible when moving (
<figureCitation box="[342,419,1213,1237]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7a</figureCitation>
). Proventricle prominent, barrelshaped, almost as wide as body width, filling coelomic cavity, extending through 4–5 segments (
<quantity box="[558,657,1280,1304]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.191" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.81" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="in" value="16.5" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="15.0">15–18 in</quantity>
<typeStatus box="[666,764,1280,1304]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation box="[144,231,1313,1337]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="10.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[185,1404,155,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@9.[184,1404,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="◂Fig.5 Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. and host sponge Petrosia sp. A Anterior region in dorsal view, prostomium faces down. B Fragment of one specimen. C-F–f Host sponges in their natural habitat. Scale bars: 2 mm A, B, 1 cm C, D and 5 mm E, F" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914603/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 5a</figureCitation>
and 7a). Alimentary canal continuous through all branches. Content visible by transparency as a transparent fluid (
<figureCitation box="[202,282,1380,1404]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8a</figureCitation>
), occasionally with some brownish particles (
<figureCitation box="[144,228,1413,1437]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8c</figureCitation>
). No sponge tissue identified inside. Content of digestive tube moving through peristalsis in vivo, with posterior ends (last 10–20 segments, including anus) internally densely covered by cilia (Video S2) visible by transparency and through anus (
<figureCitation box="[335,454,1546,1571]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="20.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-12@19.[165,1423,154,1854]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="◂Fig. 10 Scanning electron microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., posterior-most regions and epithelium details. A–D Posterior ends. Arrow in C and D points to heavily ciliated anus. E– G Minute crests on the dorsal surface of midbody segments. Arrows point to crests laterally located on the dorsal surface. H Dorsal surface of posterior segments. I Clumps of cilia on dorsal surface of proventricular segments. Arrows pointing to pores in H. Scale bars: 100 µm A, B, I, 50 um C, G, 5 µm D, E,4 µm F, and 3 µm H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914613" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914613/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 10c, d</figureCitation>
). Apair of nephridia per segment at basis of parapodia (Video S3). Each branch with a wide ventral blood vessel visible by transparency (
<figureCitation box="[678,758,1613,1637]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8h</figureCitation>
), ventral to, and wider than digestive tube (
<figureCitation box="[603,678,1646,1671]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8i</figureCitation>
), with a transparent fluid circulating inside and showing peristalsis (Video S4). Incomplete intersegmental anterior and posterior septa delimitate each segment. Digestive tube and ventral blood vessel slightly thinner when going through intersegmental septa (
<figureCitation box="[385,471,1813,1837]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 8h</figureCitation>
). Nerve cord ventral, with multiple ramifications (
<figureCitation box="[395,489,1846,1871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13a</figureCitation>
). Body wall muscles longitudinal, circular ones not seen. External body bifurcation at branching points accompanied by bifurcation of all longitudinal organs (ventral nerve cord, longitudinal muscles, digestive tube, and ventral blood vessel) (
<figureCitation box="[1245,1368,220,244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 13a, b</figureCitation>
), which occupy same relative position in new branches. “Muscular bridge” crossing dorsally over intestine and between ventral nerve cord and ventral blood vessel ventrally to one of three segments coming out from branching point (
<figureCitation box="[1313,1438,353,378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13a, b</figureCitation>
), being delimitated by three Y-shaped intersegmental septa (
<figureCitation box="[824,937,420,444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 11h, i</figureCitation>
; Video S3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[816,1452,513,1105]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[816,1155,514,539]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Reproduction and regeneration</emphasis>
Sexes separate. Reproduction by gemmiparous schizogamy. Numerous stolons of same sex at end of terminal branches. Attached and detached stolons in a given host sponge are consistently of single sex (either male or female). Stalks undistinguishable from internodes (areas between two branching points) and other terminal branches lacking signs of gametogenesis (
<figureCitation box="[1298,1382,713,738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14i</figureCitation>
). Segments from stalk with clear alternation in dorsal cirri length (
<figureCitation box="[824,908,780,804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14i</figureCitation>
). No correlation between number of stalk segments and stolon maturity. Ventral regeneration of stalk pygidium starting before stolon detachment (
<figureCitation box="[1204,1308,847,871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 13h</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[1365,1439,847,871]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<quantity box="[1365,1407,847,871]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="14.0">14g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
). Stalks with recently detached stolons showing stubby endings, still ventrally directed, with signs of stolon attachment dorsally, clearly differing from growing tips of new stolons or of developing branches (
<figureCitation box="[1098,1209,980,1005]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 8b, g</figureCitation>
, and 13f). When dorsal surfaces are repaired, a pair of anal cirri and a new anal opening are developed, followed by regular growth and addition of segments just in front of newly formed pygidium (
<figureCitation box="[1362,1436,1080,1104]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[136,165,1836,1857]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetId="figure-16@22.[151,1436,154,1789]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 12 Scanning microscopy images of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp, parapodium and chaetae details. A–F, H Midbody tomahawk shaped chaetae. G Ventral cirri, arrows point to pores. Scale bars: 5 µm A, C 4 µm B, 20 µm D, 10 µm E, G, and 50 µm F, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914617/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[816,1452,1147,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Stolons acerous, with bilobed anterior end, lacking antennae and palps (
<figureCitation box="[923,1041,1180,1204]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 13c, d</figureCitation>
, and 
<figureCitation box="[1091,1152,1180,1204]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">14a–f</figureCitation>
). Two pairsof well-developed dorsal (posterior) and ventral (anterior) eyes; ventral pair larger than dorsalone (
<figureCitation box="[983,1095,1247,1271]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[1029,1070,1247,1271]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.4" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="g" value="14.0">14g</quantity>
, h
</figureCitation>
). Avestigial digestive tube through males and female’s stolon segments, bubble like in female first segments, very narrow in remaining segments. Mature female and malestolons having dense bundlesoflong paddle-likenatatory chaetae in additionto typical stock neurochaetae, transparent, long, distallypointed (“wing- or leaf-like”) (
<figureCitation box="[1290,1373,1413,1438]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13e</figureCitation>
), developing inmature stolons, usually seenin recently detached ones. Not seen in still attached, non-fully developed stolons.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="16.[816,1452,1147,1904]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
Male stolons similar in size to female stolons, but with considerably longer parapodia and narrower bodies (
<figureCitation box="[824,922,1580,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 13c</figureCitation>
and 
<figureCitation box="[972,1011,1580,1604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">14f</figureCitation>
), with first two pairs of dorsal cirri longer than following ones (
<figureCitation box="[1049,1138,1613,1638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14f</figureCitation>
) and internal oval structures at basis of parapodia (
<figureCitation box="[1052,1136,1647,1671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="23.[136,165,1751,1772]" captionTargetBox="[238,1350,155,1703]" captionTargetId="figure-11@23.[237,1350,154,1703]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig. 13 Internal anatomical details of a branch and scanning microscopy images of stolons. A, B cLSM images of musculature and nervous system immunohistochemical stainings at a branching point, dashed-lined circles mark muscle bridges. C Male stolon. D Head of a male stolon. E Stolon parapodium, arrow points to paddle-like mod- ified chaetae. F Regenerating pygidium, after detachment of stolon. G Male stolon detached. H Stolon attached to the stalk segments. I Posterior segments of male stolon, ventral view, arrows point to oval structures, at the base of parapodia. Scale bars: 250 µm A, B, H, I, 500 µm C, G, 100 µm D, F, and 50 µm E" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914619/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13i</figureCitation>
) (possibly chaetal sacs of the paddle-like chaetae), with first three segments full of yellowish sperm (regionalization) (
<figureCitation box="[1172,1264,1713,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14f</figureCitation>
). Female stolons with marked positive phototaxis when mature and detached (Video S5), all dorsal cirri of about same length, and segments full of oocytes, even in parapodia (
<figureCitation box="[1246,1360,1813,1838]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14a–e</figureCitation>
), pink in detached females, white in not completely developed females (
<figureCitation box="[824,941,1880,1904]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[136,165,1811,1832]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,154,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-16@24.[151,1436,154,1764]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 14 Sexual dimorphism in stolons. A–E Female stolons, dorsal view. F–I Male stolons; arrows in F point to the first three segments, the only ones that contain sperm. G–I Stolons attached to the stalk, detail of pygidium in regeneration on the ventral side before detach- ment of the stolon (arrow in G), ventral view. H Light microscope image showing region of stolon head and pygidium regeneration, ventral view. I Stolon attached, dorsal view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, D, E, F, 100 µm B, G, H, and 200 µm C, I" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914621/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 14c–e</figureCitation>
). Developing larvae or embryos not observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914611" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5914611" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914611/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" startId="18.[122,136,145,168]" subCaptionStartIDs="18.[137,166,156,177]" subCaptionStarts="Fig. 9 S" targetBox="[160,1428,154,1854]" targetPageId="17">
<paragraph blockId="18.[122,771,145,337]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
◂ 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[137,185,156,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9</emphasis>
Scanning electron microscopy images of branches of 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ramisyllis kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[334,390,182,203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[401,443,181,203]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A–F</emphasis>
Midbody branching regions with segments of different morphologies, as long as wide with long dorsal cirri in 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[242,286,234,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A–C</emphasis>
, much longer with short dorsal cirri in 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[663,679,235,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[693,708,235,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[757,771,235,256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
Details of cirri alternation in length. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[472,488,261,282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[500,516,261,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[528,569,261,283]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E–F</emphasis>
In dorsal view; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[717,732,261,282]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,152,288,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
in ventral view. Scale bars: 200 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[485,501,288,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,529,288,310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
, 100 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[616,631,288,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[642,656,288,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">F</emphasis>
, 400 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[749,765,288,309]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D</emphasis>
, and 500 µm 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[249,264,315,336]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">E</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="18.[136,772,387,1078]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis box="[136,532,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,229,387,412]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[244,532,387,411]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">Ramisylliskingghidorahi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[543,693,387,411]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="subSpecies">
n. sp. and 
<taxonomicName box="[669,693,388,411]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[669,693,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">multicaudata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[240,450,420,444]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles" box="[467,763,420,444]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ponz-Segrelles" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Schroeder" box="[136,364,454,478]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schroeder" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1167 - 1175" part="97" refId="ref19476" refString="Schroeder, P. C., Aguado, M. T., Malpartida, A., &amp; Glasby, C. J. (2017). New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97 (5), 1167 - 1175. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531541700039 X" title="New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Schroeder et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
) differ from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[498,603,454,477]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[498,603,454,477]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(except the Red Sea and Imajima’s 2005 Sagami Bay specimens) in living from 0 to 20-m depth inside species of 
<taxonomicName box="[567,656,521,544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[567,656,521,544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
instead of 
<quantity box="[136,270,554,578]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="550.0" valueMax="1000.0" valueMin="100.0">100–1000 m</quantity>
depth inside species of 
<emphasis box="[523,690,554,578]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Crateromorpha</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Izuka" firstAuthor="Izuka" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 262" part="30" refId="ref16944" refString="Izuka, A. (1912). The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan. Journal of the College of Science, Imperial University of Tokyo, 30 (2), 1 - 262. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. ns- 18.446. 109" title="The errantiate Polychaeta of Japan" type="journal article" year="1912">Izuka, 1912</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[206,378,587,611]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Linnean Society London" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="720 - 724" part="14" refId="ref18231" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1879). On a remarkably branched Syllis dredged by H. M. S. Challenger. Journal of the Linnean Society London, 14, 720 - 724. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1879. tb 02356. x" title="On a remarkably branched Syllis dredged by H. M. S. Challenger" type="journal article" year="1879">McIntosh, 1879</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Oka" box="[394,507,587,611]" firstAuthor="Oka" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="462 - 464" part="18" refId="ref18668" refString="Oka, A. (1895). Uber die Knospungsweise bei Syllis ramosa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 18, 462 - 464." title="Uber die Knospungsweise bei Syllis ramosa" type="journal article" year="1895">Oka, 1895</bibRefCitation>
); in having the proliferating area after the parapodia and never replacing it or the dorsal cirri (
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[275,487,654,678]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
) instead of new branches emerging from the parapodium and lacking dorsal cirri as in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[136,240,721,744]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[136,240,721,744]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in lacking two branches emerging from both sides of the same segment, which may occur in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[613,724,754,777]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[613,724,754,777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. XXIII, 
<figureCitation box="[214,289,787,811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
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</figureCitation>
in McIntosh,; 
<figureCitation box="[444,506,787,811]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="6.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[165,1454,144,1888]" captionTargetId="graphics-11@5.[208,1339,157,1850]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="◂Fig.2 Maximum likelihood trees. A Tree obtained when analysing 18S data set. B Tree obtained when analysing 28S data set. C Tree obtained when analysing COI data set. D Tree obtained when analysing 16S data set. Bootstrap support values below nodes. Syllis and Typosyllis species as they were originally described" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914595/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[493,506,787,811]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="2.0">2</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="Oka" box="[539,649,787,811]" firstAuthor="Oka" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="462 - 464" part="18" refId="ref18668" refString="Oka, A. (1895). Uber die Knospungsweise bei Syllis ramosa. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 18, 462 - 464." title="Uber die Knospungsweise bei Syllis ramosa" type="journal article" year="1895">Oka, 1895</bibRefCitation>
); in having simple, robust, tomahawk-shaped chaetae instead of slender, hooked at the tip and a fusion line between shaft and blade in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[167,278,887,911]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[167,278,887,911]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Pl. XVIA; 
<figureCitation box="[422,488,887,911]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[136,165,899,920]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,157,849]" captionTargetId="figure-476@2.[151,1436,154,852]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1 Sampling area in the Sea of Japan. Shukunegi, Sado Island, Japan" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914593/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Fig. 
<quantity box="[475,488,887,911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="1.0">1</quantity>
</figureCitation>
in 
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[528,705,887,911]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" journalOrPublisher="Challenger Reports" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="189 - 208" part="12" refId="ref18288" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1885). Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Reports, 12, 189 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876" type="journal article" year="1885">McIntosh, 1885</bibRefCitation>
); and in newly formed branches acquiring very soon the segment size and cirri length of previous branches instead of showing differences in segments width and smaller and shorter than usual dorsal cirri in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[410,518,1021,1044]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[410,518,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g., Fig. 
<quantity box="[638,693,1020,1044]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.572" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="18.0">18 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation author="Okada" firstAuthor="Okada" journalOrPublisher="Japanese Journal of Zoology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="441 - 490" part="7" refId="ref18738" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1937). La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les syllidiens III). Japanese Journal of Zoology, 7, 441 - 490." title="La stolonisation et les caracteres sexuels du stolon chez les syllidiens polychetes (Etudes sur les syllidiens III)" type="journal article" year="1937">Okada (1937))</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[136,772,1120,1911]" lastBlockId="18.[816,1452,153,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[166,451,1120,1144]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[166,451,1120,1144]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ramisyllis kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[460,523,1121,1144]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
lives inside an undescribed 
<taxonomicName box="[227,319,1154,1177]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[227,319,1154,1177]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sponge and 
<taxonomicName box="[466,646,1154,1178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[466,646,1154,1178]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in another unidentified species of 
<taxonomicName box="[388,477,1188,1211]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[388,477,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(probably 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Lindgren" authorityYear="1897" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis box="[596,685,1188,1211]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrosia</emphasis>
cf. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, pers. comm. Dirk Erpenbeck), in both clearly different ecosystems (costal coral reef 
<emphasis box="[543,573,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vs.</emphasis>
rubble sand with algae, respectively) at different latitudes with different water temperatures. Dorsal cirri are generally longer in 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[248,306,1354,1377]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than in 
<taxonomicName box="[394,566,1354,1378]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[394,566,1354,1378]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, particularly in the anterior end (
<figureCitation box="[279,382,1387,1411]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[136,165,1681,1702]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1633]" captionTargetId="figure-11@13.[151,1436,154,1634]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 7 Stereomicroscopy images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. (A, C-H) and Ramisyllis multicaudata (B) for comparison. A Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. Holotype. B R. multicaudata anterior region, dorsal view; picture modified from Ponz- Segrelles et al. (2021), with permission. C Prostomium and first segments in detail, dorsal view. D Anterolateral view of prostomium with details of palps and pharynx everted. E and F. Pharynx everted in ventral view. G Branching asymmetries in dorsal cirri. H Branching asymmetries in body shape. Scale bars: 1 mm A, B, 200 µm C, D, 100 µm E, F, 2 mm G, H" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914607" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914607/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7a, b</figureCitation>
; Online Resource 11), the proventricle is also longer (4–5 
<emphasis box="[382,411,1421,1444]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">vs.</emphasis>
2–4 segments) (Online Resource 11), stalks are similar to segments in regular branches, while these are narrower with shorter dorsal cirri in 
<taxonomicName class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(as in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[264,374,1521,1544]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[264,374,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and their stolons also slightly differ in the relative length of some features (e.g., dorsal and ventral cirri, Online Resource 12). In 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[556,743,1587,1611]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[556,743,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
the development of a new branch seems to occur just in the intersegmental area, while it was described that in 
<taxonomicName box="[136,310,1687,1711]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[136,310,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it begins in front of the posterior septum (
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[144,356,1720,1744]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[411,598,1720,1744]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[411,598,1720,1744]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[607,667,1721,1744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
intersegmental septa of the two pre-existing segments and the newly formed one can be observed by transparency (
<figureCitation box="[640,756,1787,1811]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11h, i</figureCitation>
); they form a “Y” shape (
<figureCitation box="[384,495,1820,1844]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[136,165,1781,1802]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,154,1734]" captionTargetId="figure-11@21.[151,1436,154,1734]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 11 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp., dorsal cirri, parapodium and segmental septa. A–F Dorsal cirri and spiral glands; arrow points to spiral gland in C. G Midbody parapodium, arrow points to pointed acicula, lateral view. H–I Three intersegmental septa forming a “Y shape,” dorsal view. Scale bars: 200 µm A, B, 50 µm C, F, G, H, I, 20 µm E, and 10 µm D" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914615/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 11h, i</figureCitation>
,; Video S3), and appeared to be reduced as in 
<taxonomicName authority="(Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021)" baseAuthorityName="Ponz-Segrelles" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[350,524,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ponz-Segrelles" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, allowing the thinner digestive tube and ventral blood vessel to pass through them (
<figureCitation box="[1144,1249,153,178]" captionStart="◂" captionStartId="16.[122,136,145,168]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-11@15.[151,1436,154,1846]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="◂Fig. 8 Light microscope images of living specimens of Ramisyllis kingghidorahi n. sp. A Branching point. B, E–G Posterior ends showing pygidia. C, D, H, I Midbody segments in regions of long dorsal cirri. Arrows point to the ventral blood vessel in H and the digestive tract in I.A, D, E, and I in dorsal view. B, C, F and H in ventral view. G In lateral view. Scale bars: 500 µm A, E, 200 µm B, C, D, 100 µm F, H, I, and 50 µm G" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5914609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5914609/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 8h, i</figureCitation>
). Nevertheless, in both species, all longitudinal organs bifurcate in the branching points, new branches show internal muscular bridges crossing between the different organs and the ventral blood vessel is considerably enlarged in comparison with other syllids and similar in diameter to the digestive tube (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles, G. &amp; Glasby, C. J. &amp; Helm, C. &amp; Beckers, P. &amp; Hammel, J. U. &amp; Ribeiro, R. P. &amp; Aguado, M. T." journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[816,1452,153,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The three branching syllids show segmental asymmetry (i.e., segments with pairs of dorsal cirri of different length on each side), which intervenes between regions of symmetry (
<bibRefCitation author="Schroeder" box="[823,1052,487,511]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schroeder" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1167 - 1175" part="97" refId="ref19476" refString="Schroeder, P. C., Aguado, M. T., Malpartida, A., &amp; Glasby, C. J. (2017). New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97 (5), 1167 - 1175. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531541700039 X" title="New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Schroeder et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
) and have been found to show reddish coloration (
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[937,1135,520,544]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Imajima" box="[1149,1303,520,544]" firstAuthor="Imajima" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="219 - 252" part="14" refId="ref16893" refString="Imajima, M. (1966). The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (IV) syllinae (1). Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 14 (3), 219 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 175436" title="The Syllidae (polychaetous annelids) from Japan (IV) syllinae (1)" type="journal article" year="1966">Imajima, 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Read" box="[1316,1436,520,544]" firstAuthor="Read" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Update (NIWA)" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1" part="4" refId="ref19197" refString="Read, G. (2001). Unique branching worm found in New Zealand. Biodiversity Update (NIWA), 4, 1 (only)." title="Unique branching worm found in New Zealand" type="journal article" year="2001">Read, 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The glandular material of dorsal cirri in 
<taxonomicName box="[1274,1452,553,577]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[1274,1452,553,577]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
changes from bright white into red colour when the animals start dying (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles" box="[949,1244,620,644]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ponz-Segrelles" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
), and we observed a similar phenomenon in 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" box="[1093,1276,653,677]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis box="[1093,1276,653,677]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1284,1344,654,677]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with this material protruding through the dorsal cirri pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[816,1452,153,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The precise behaviour of female stolons once detached was not determined in 
<taxonomicName box="[1065,1239,753,777]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicaudata">
<emphasis box="[1065,1239,753,777]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. multicaudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although the presence of paddle chaetae suggested enhanced swimming ability (
<bibRefCitation author="Ponz-Segrelles" box="[857,1139,820,844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ponz-Segrelles" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="900 - 916" part="282" refId="ref18971" refString="Ponz-Segrelles, G., Glasby, C. J., Helm, C., Beckers, P., Hammel, J. U., Ribeiro, R. P., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2021). Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae). Journal of Morphology, 282 (6), 900 - 916. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 21356" title="Integrative anatomical study of the branched annelid Ramisyllis multicaudata (Annelida, Syllidae)" type="journal article" year="2021">Ponz-Segrelles et al., 2021</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Schroeder" box="[1152,1380,820,844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Schroeder" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1167 - 1175" part="97" refId="ref19476" refString="Schroeder, P. C., Aguado, M. T., Malpartida, A., &amp; Glasby, C. J. (2017). New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97 (5), 1167 - 1175. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531541700039 X" title="New observations on reproduction in the branching polychaetes, Ramisyllis multicaudata and Syllis ramosa (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae)" type="journal article" year="2017">Schroeder et al., 2017</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<taxonomicName authority="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura, 2022" authorityName="Aguado &amp; Ponz-Segrelles &amp; Glasby &amp; Ribeiro &amp; Nakamura &amp; Oguchi &amp; Omori &amp; Kohtsuka &amp; Fisher &amp; Ise &amp; Jimi &amp; Miura" authorityYear="2022" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kingghidorahi" status="n. sp.">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">R. kingghidorahi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[974,1033,854,877]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, female stolons showed a clear positive phototaxis (Video S5) which, together with the paddle-like natatory chaetae, suggests that they leave the sponges for spawning. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[933,1079,953,977]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[933,1079,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Syllis ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the 
<collectingCountry box="[1187,1309,953,977]" name="Philippines" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Philippines</collectingCountry>
<typeStatus box="[1316,1362,954,978]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
locality might be viviparous (
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[1046,1219,987,1011]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" journalOrPublisher="Challenger Reports" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="189 - 208" part="12" refId="ref18288" refString="McIntosh, W. C. (1885). Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger Reports, 12, 189 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the Annelida Polychaeta collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876" type="journal article" year="1885">McIntosh, 1885</bibRefCitation>
), but this was neither confirmed for the 
<typeStatus box="[1009,1055,1021,1045]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
material by 
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[1190,1403,1020,1044]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
, nor for the two species of 
<emphasis box="[1053,1172,1053,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName box="[1053,1169,1053,1077]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Ramisyllis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="18.[816,1452,153,1611]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Previous reports of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[1058,1165,1087,1111]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[1058,1165,1087,1111]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could represent more than one branching species (
<bibRefCitation author="Glasby" box="[1072,1280,1120,1144]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Glasby" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="481 - 497" part="164" refId="ref16136" refString="Glasby, C. J., Schroeder, P. C., &amp; Aguado, M. T. (2012). Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 164, 481 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00800. x" title="Branching out: A remarkable new branching syllid (Annelida) living in a Petrosia sponge (Porifera: Demospongiae)" type="journal article" year="2012">Glasby et al., 2012</bibRefCitation>
), including, for instance, the Red Sea specimen inhabiting a shallow water silicious sponge. Indeed, in agreement with Leslie Harris (pers. comm.), we suggest that a picture by Danièle Heitz of a 
<taxonomicName box="[835,924,1254,1277]" class="Demospongiae" family="Petrosiidae" genus="Petrosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Haplosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[835,924,1254,1277]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Petrosia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Red Sea (Al Birk) with syllid branches emerging from one osculum (https://nomadica.jimdofree. com/vers-marins/annélides/ramisyllis-multicaudata/) likely corresponds to an undescribed species of 
<taxonomicName box="[1280,1394,1353,1377]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Ramisyllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1280,1394,1353,1377]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ramisyllis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The specimen from Sagami Bay identified by Imajima in 2005 shows differences in chaetal morphology, compared with the three currently known branching species and, thus, might also be an undescribed species. The report of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="McIntosh" authorityYear="1879" box="[1291,1394,1487,1511]" class="Polychaeta" family="Syllidae" genus="Syllis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Phyllodocida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="ramosa">
<emphasis box="[1291,1394,1487,1511]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">S. ramosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the southern coast of 
<collectingRegion box="[1042,1085,1520,1544]" country="South Korea" name="Jeju" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Jeju</collectingRegion>
Island in 
<collectingCountry box="[1189,1322,1520,1544]" name="South Korea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Lee" box="[1336,1443,1520,1544]" firstAuthor="Lee" journalOrPublisher="Ewha Research Repository" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" publicationUrl="https://dspace.ewha.ac.kr/handle/2015.oak/194291" refId="ref17679" refString="Lee, J. (1992). R 3 IJ WLljMmOi I (N ̿ Em?, Uae &quot;) D DZG 분 E = M &quot; n [Doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University]. Ewha Research Repository. https: // dspace. ewha. ac. kr / handle / 2015. oak / 194291" title="R 3 IJ WLljMmOi I (N ̿ Em?, Uae &quot;) D DZG 분 E = M &quot; n [Doctoral dissertation, Ewha Womans University]" type="url" year="1992">Lee, 1992</bibRefCitation>
) is herein considered as dubious, since it was found on mollusc shells and had compound chaetae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>