295 lines
36 KiB
XML
295 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="BCEBB3DF361B99A029BBBFF5B4F37692" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5040.4.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5531757" ID-ZooBank="310C2BAC-958A-4F78-BF7C-5D60946721B2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1632750588380" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Caleb, John T. D." docDate="2021" docId="1B3187DAFFBDFFA03FC9FDFAFED9FB12" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5040.4.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5040 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="545" masterDocId="E708FFA2FFBBFFA63F5EFD6DFFD9FFDD" masterDocTitle="On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: V. Genera Megamyrmaekion Reuss, 1834, Sosticus Chamberlin, 1922 and Gaviphosa gen. nov. (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)" masterLastPageNumber="564" masterPageNumber="539" pageNumber="545" updateTime="1699415734194" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D37613F7C0DDB19109AF2C2EBB258815">On the taxonomic validity of Indian ground spiders: V. Genera Megamyrmaekion Reuss, 1834, Sosticus Chamberlin, 1922 and Gaviphosa gen. nov. (Araneae: Gnaphosidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="08B1F7BF402B41D834F18A6564499C19" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="EE2D76A51363C2017356EF7D3B96F18D">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9096B1BBB62A0CB5152001F7A0DA24D2">Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India. pradeepmspala @ rediffmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0884 - 5625</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4767004437DB47AF40A2838E946A7798" type="email">pradeepmspala@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="28E5CD5C70CFDA44103B53FD9A176BCB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="25622CC0EAE34085969CF542375BDCA7">Caleb, John T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9D9950DBADFC754BF67A959464816F19">Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India. caleb 87 woodgate @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9471 - 9467</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="05EB0E6CA5B642EA83C6CEA7EF206345" type="email">caleb87woodgate@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="4114E0C3ECED44BD2F6BCDB21EF9E6A0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0B42808D02F8AD478D1F1088F00C4E5C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4590611210185E5210CD0BCAF88BD707">2021-09-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="335870610644675D86BCC6472EC16980">5040</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03FC9FDFAFD54FF6C" ID-CoL="72VW7" authority="Reuss, 1834" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,653,151,178]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatum">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FDFAFD54FF6C" bold="true" box="[151,653,151,178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FDFAFE2DFF6F" bold="true" box="[151,500,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Megamyrmaekion caudatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03EA4FDFAFD54FF6C" author="Reuss, A." box="[506,653,151,177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="195 - 276" refId="ref10332" refString="Reuss, A. (1834) Zoologische Miscellen. Museum Senckenbergianum, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, 1, 195 - 276." type="journal article" year="1834">Reuss, 1834</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03FC9FDD6FECDFF0B" blockId="6.[151,653,151,214]" box="[151,276,187,214]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
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<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBDFFA03FC9FDD6FECDFF0B" box="[151,276,187,214]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 25–31" captionStart-1="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId-0="7.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,264,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox-0="[200,1387,187,1867]" captionTargetBox-1="[157,1431,186,1699]" captionTargetId-0="figure-17@7.[194,1393,181,1871]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1703]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionText-0="FIGURES 25–31. Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss, 1834, types of Megamyrmaekion ashae Tikader & Gajbe, 1977. 25 paratype female habitus, dorsal view; 26 allotype male habitus, dorsal view; 27 eyes of paratype female, dorsal view; 28 eyes of allotype male, dorsal view; 29 epigyne of paratype female, ventral view; 30–31 labels from type tubes. Scale bars: 25–26, 2 mm; 27–28, 0.5 mm; 29, 0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURES 32–37. Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss, 1834, types of Megamyrmaekion ashae Tikader & Gajbe, 1977. 32–33 allotype male left pedipalp (32 ventral view, 33 retrolateral view); 34–35 enlarged view of retrolateral tibial apophysis of allotype male (34 ventral view, 35 retrolateral view); 36–37 genitalia of holotype female (36 epigyne, ventral view, 37 vulva, dorsal view). Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PS, primary spermatheca; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS, secondary spermatheca; TP, tegular process. Arrow indicates basal process of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 32–33, 0.5 mm; 34–37, 0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531777" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531779" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5531777/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5531779/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Figs 25–37</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03FC9FC6DFDB4FEC5" ID-CoL="72VW7" authority="Reuss, 1834: 212" authorityName="Reuss" authorityPageNumber="212" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,621,256,280]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatum">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FC6DFE61FEC5" box="[151,440,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Megamyrmaekion caudatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03EE3FC6DFDB4FEC5" author="Reuss, A." box="[445,621,256,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="195 - 276" refId="ref10332" refString="Reuss, A. (1834) Zoologische Miscellen. Museum Senckenbergianum, Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der beschreibenden Naturgeschichte, 1, 195 - 276." type="journal article" year="1834">Reuss, 1834: 212</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, plate 18, fig. 12 (juvenile).
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<treatmentCitation id="123910DDFFBDFFA03CD6FC6DFBF0FEC5" author="Levy, G." box="[904,1065,256,280]" page="442" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03CD6FC6DFBF0FEC5" author="Levy, G." box="[904,1065,256,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="427 - 452" refId="ref9985" refString="Levy, G. (1999) Spiders of six uncommon drassodine genera (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 45, 427 - 452." type="journal article" year="1999">Levy 1999: 442</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, figs 26, 30–31 (
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, not
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03A4BFC6DFAF3FEC5" box="[1301,1322,256,280]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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); 2009: 14, figs 29–32 (
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).
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<treatmentCitation id="123910DDFFBDFFA03E34FC73FD88FEEB" author="Zamani, A. & Mirshamsi, O. & Dolejs, P. & Marusik, Y. M. & Esyunin, S. L. & Hula, V. & Ponel, P." box="[362,593,286,310]" page="61" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" year="2017">
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03E34FC73FD88FEEB" author="Zamani, A. & Mirshamsi, O. & Dolejs, P. & Marusik, Y. M. & Esyunin, S. L. & Hula, V. & Ponel, P." box="[362,593,286,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="55 - 71" refId="ref10934" refString="Zamani, A., Mirshamsi, O., Dolejs, P., Marusik, Y. M., Esyunin, S. L., Hula, V. & Ponel, P. (2017) New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), part IV. Acta Arachnologica, 66, 55 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 66.55" type="journal article" year="2017">
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Zamani
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03EE3FC72FE28FEEB" box="[445,497,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">et al.</emphasis>
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2017: 61
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 2D–F (
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03D91FC73FD3FFEEB" box="[719,742,286,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03DBBFC73FD2CFEEB" box="[741,757,286,310]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03FC9FC53FB30FE88" blockId="6.[151,1436,255,402]" box="[151,1257,317,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FC53FEF3FE88" box="[151,298,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Dyction reussi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03E71FC50FDC1FE88" author="Walckenaer, C. A." box="[303,536,317,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref10842" refString="Walckenaer, C. A. (1837) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Apteres. Tome premier. Roret, Paris, 682 pp., pls. 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61095" type="book chapter" year="1837">Walckenaer, 1837: 380</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03D76FC50FDE1FE88" box="[552,568,317,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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) (for complete list of references, see
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03CEDFC50FB3CFE88" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[947,1253,317,341]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" refId="ref10889" refString="World Spider Catalog (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 12 August 2021) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2021">World Spider Catalog (2021))</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03FC9FC31FDE0FE4F" blockId="6.[151,1436,255,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B38811E2FFBDFFA03FC9FC31FDE0FE4F" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
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<treatmentCitation id="123910DDFFBDFFA03FC9FC31FD78FEAE" author="Tikader, B. K. & Gajbe, U. A." box="[151,673,347,372]" page="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" year="1977">
|
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<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03FC9FC31FD78FEAE" ID-CoL="6R887" authority="Tikader & Gajbe, 1977: 16" authorityName="Tikader & Gajbe" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,673,347,372]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashae">
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<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FC31FE57FEA9" box="[151,398,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Megamyrmaekion ashae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03ECDFC31FD78FEAE" author="Tikader, B. K. & Gajbe, U. A." box="[403,673,347,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="13 - 22" refId="ref10786" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Gajbe, U. A. (1977) Studies on some spiders of the genera Scopodes Chamberlin, Megamyrmecion Reuss, Scotophaeus Simon and Liodrassus Chamberlin (family: Gnaphosidae) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 13 - 22." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader & Gajbe, 1977: 16</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 2A–E (
|
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03C42FC31FCEAFEA9" box="[796,819,348,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03C6DFC31FC9AFEA9" box="[819,835,348,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
|
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<treatmentCitation id="123910DDFFBDFFA03C0BFC31FBCDFEA9" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[853,1044,348,372]" page="372" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" year="1982">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03C0BFC31FBCDFEA9" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[853,1044,348,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="295 - 536" refId="ref10742" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1982). Part 2. Family Gnaphosidae. In: The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 295 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1982">Tikader, 1982: 372</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 181–186 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03BEEFC31FB1EFEA9" box="[1200,1223,348,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03B99FC31FB0EFEA9" box="[1223,1239,348,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
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).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="123910DDFFBDFFA03BB7FC31FA41FEAE" author="Gajbe, U. A." box="[1257,1432,347,372]" page="464" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" year="2007">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03BB7FC31FA41FEAE" author="Gajbe, U. A." box="[1257,1432,347,372]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" refId="ref9903" refString="Gajbe, U. A. (2007) Araneae: Arachnida. In: Fauna of Madhya Pradesh (including Chhattisgarh). State Fauna Series. Vol. 15. Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, pp. 419 - 540." type="book" year="2007">Gajbe, 2007: 464</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 109–114 (
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||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03E05FC17FEABFE4F" box="[347,370,378,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03E2CFC17FE5BFE4F" box="[370,386,378,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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).
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03ECBFC17FDE0FE4F" bold="true" box="[405,569,378,402]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">New synonymy</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBDFFA03FC9FCACFC50FC9E" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03FC9FCACFE41FD9B" blockId="6.[151,1437,448,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FCACFE39FE06" bold="true" box="[151,480,448,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
|
||
Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03E32FCACFE00FE06" authorityName="Tikader & Gajbe" authorityYear="1977" box="[364,473,448,475]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03E32FCACFE00FE06" bold="true" box="[364,473,448,475]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. ashae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="23F03C91FFBDFFA03EB4FCADFF12FDFF" collectingDate="1974-11-03" collectorName="U. A. Gajbe & Kolkata" elevation="550" latitude="18.539444" location="Range Hill" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.84695" municipality="Pune" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03EB4FCADFD8BFE07" box="[490,594,448,474]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03D03FCACFDABFE06" box="[605,626,449,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03DE2FCACFCC9FE06" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[700,784,449,475]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">INDIA</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="515CF82EFFBDFFA03C43FCADFC74FE07" box="[797,941,448,474]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7343ACB6FFBDFFA03CE5FCACFC2AFE06" box="[955,1011,449,475]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Pune</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(=Poona):
|
||
<location id="96476017FFBDFFA03B29FCACFB2CFE07" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1B3187DAFFBDFFA03FC9FDFAFED9FB12:96476017FFBDFFA03B29FCACFB2CFE07" box="[1143,1269,448,475]" latitude="18.539444" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.84695" municipality="Pune" name="Range Hill" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" stateProvince="Maharashtra">Range Hill</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AC500BFFBDFFA03A59FCACFA4EFE06" box="[1287,1431,449,475]" degrees="18" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" precision="15" seconds="22" value="18.539444">18°32’22’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F6AC500BFFBDFFA03FC9FC89FEFDFE22" box="[151,292,484,511]" degrees="73" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" precision="15" seconds="49" value="73.84695">73°50’49’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="54609B29FFBDFFA03E62FC89FE5CFE22" box="[316,389,484,511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" unit="m" value="550.0">
|
||
<elevation id="18B5D1FFFFBDFFA03E62FC89FE5CFE22" box="[316,389,484,511]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<collectorName id="3E6D531AFFBDFFA03E9DFC88FD9FFE23" box="[451,582,484,511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">U.A. Gajbe</collectorName>
|
||
leg.,
|
||
<date id="E726100CFFBDFFA03DD4FC88FD27FE22" box="[650,766,485,511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" value="1974-11-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F762E9E4FFBDFFA03DD4FC88FD27FE22" box="[650,766,485,511]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" value="1974-11-03">3.XI.1974</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, NZC-ZSI,
|
||
<collectorName id="3E6D531AFFBDFFA03CD6FC89FC38FE23" box="[904,993,484,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Kolkata</collectorName>
|
||
(no register number specified), examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="23F03C91FFBDFFA03F88FF64FC72FDFF" box="[214,939,520,547]" collectingDate="1974-11-03" collectorName="U. A. Gajbe & Kolkata" elevation="550" latitude="18.539444" location="Range Hill" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.84695" municipality="Pune" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03F88FF64FE9AFDFE" box="[214,323,521,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03E14FF64FE53FDFE" box="[330,394,521,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, possibly with same data as holotype, examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="23F03C91FFBDFFA03CEDFF65FE4DFD9B" collectingDate="1975-03-12" collectorName="U. A. Gajbe & Kolkata" elevation="550" latitude="18.539444" location="Range Hill" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.84695" municipality="Pune" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="allotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03CEDFF65FBCCFDFF" box="[947,1045,520,546]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03B42FF64FB90FDFE" box="[1052,1097,521,547]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, same data as holotype except
|
||
<date id="E726100CFFBDFFA03FC9FF41FEC1FD9A" box="[151,280,556,583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" value="1975-03-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F762E9E4FFBDFFA03FC9FF41FEC1FD9A" box="[151,280,556,583]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" value="1975-03-12">12.III.1975</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, examined
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03F99FF3DFC50FC9E" blockId="6.[151,1437,448,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03F99FF3DFDE9FDB6" bold="true" box="[199,560,592,619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Justification of the synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
Examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03C45FF3CFC8FFDB6" box="[795,854,593,619]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of this species reveals that it shares the features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03FC9FF18FEF2FD53" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1834" box="[151,299,628,654]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03FC9FF18FEF2FD53" box="[151,299,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. caudatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: broad retrolateral tibial apophysis with a basal perpendicular process, prolaterally oriented embolus with narrow pointed apex, apico-retrolaterally originating broad median apophysis, short tegular process lying in close proximity of embolic base, epigyne with roughly trapezoid median depression with sclerotised rim and coned protuberances and vulva with elongate, obliquely oriented primary and globular secondary spermathecae (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBDFFA03FC9FE69FF37FCC2" box="[151,238,772,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 25–31" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1894,1918]" captionTargetBox="[200,1387,187,1867]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[194,1393,181,1871]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25–31. Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss, 1834, types of Megamyrmaekion ashae Tikader & Gajbe, 1977. 25 paratype female habitus, dorsal view; 26 allotype male habitus, dorsal view; 27 eyes of paratype female, dorsal view; 28 eyes of allotype male, dorsal view; 29 epigyne of paratype female, ventral view; 30–31 labels from type tubes. Scale bars: 25–26, 2 mm; 27–28, 0.5 mm; 29, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531777" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531777/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Figs 29</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0BA32A49FFBDFFA03FA5FE68FE98FCC2" box="[251,321,773,799]" captionStart="FIGURES 32–37" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,186,1699]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[151,1436,181,1703]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 32–37. Megamyrmaekion caudatum Reuss, 1834, types of Megamyrmaekion ashae Tikader & Gajbe, 1977. 32–33 allotype male left pedipalp (32 ventral view, 33 retrolateral view); 34–35 enlarged view of retrolateral tibial apophysis of allotype male (34 ventral view, 35 retrolateral view); 36–37 genitalia of holotype female (36 epigyne, ventral view, 37 vulva, dorsal view). Abbreviations: E, embolus; MA, median apophysis; PS, primary spermatheca; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; SS, secondary spermatheca; TP, tegular process. Arrow indicates basal process of retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 32–33, 0.5 mm; 34–37, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5531779" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5531779/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">32–37</figureCitation>
|
||
with Levy 2009: figs 29–32 and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03D9EFE69FC42FCC2" author="Zamani, A. & Mirshamsi, O. & Dolejs, P. & Marusik, Y. M. & Esyunin, S. L. & Hula, V. & Ponel, P." box="[704,923,772,799]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="55 - 71" refId="ref10934" refString="Zamani, A., Mirshamsi, O., Dolejs, P., Marusik, Y. M., Esyunin, S. L., Hula, V. & Ponel, P. (2017) New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), part IV. Acta Arachnologica, 66, 55 - 71. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 66.55" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Zamani
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03C40FE68FC8EFCC3" box="[798,855,772,798]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2E–F). Based on these observations, we propose to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03E27FE44FE39FC9F" authorityName="Tikader & Gajbe" authorityYear="1977" box="[377,480,808,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03E27FE44FE39FC9F" box="[377,480,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. ashae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03DB1FE44FC5BFC9F" authorityName="Reuss" authorityYear="1834" box="[751,898,808,834]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03DB1FE44FC5BFC9F" box="[751,898,808,834]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. caudatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBDFFA03F99FE20FAB4FB5A" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03F99FE20FAB4FB5A" blockId="6.[151,1437,448,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03F99FE20FEE2FCBA" bold="true" box="[199,315,845,871]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The ZSI collection has two glass tubes with ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03C14FE20FC6BFCBB" authorityName="Tikader & Gajbe" authorityYear="1977" box="[842,946,844,870]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03C14FE20FC6BFCBB" box="[842,946,844,870]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. ashae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’. One tube labeled as ‘paratype’ (5016/18) contains three, instead of
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03EEAFE1CFDE8FC57" box="[436,561,880,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="female">two female</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03DE4FE1DFC6EFC56" author="Tikader, B. K. & Gajbe, U. A." box="[698,951,880,907]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="13 - 22" refId="ref10786" refString="Tikader, B. K. & Gajbe, U. A. (1977) Studies on some spiders of the genera Scopodes Chamberlin, Megamyrmecion Reuss, Scotophaeus Simon and Liodrassus Chamberlin (family: Gnaphosidae) from India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 73, 13 - 22." type="journal article" year="1977">Tikader & Gajbe 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in fairly good condition, with broken legs. Epigyne of
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03E49FEF8FE76FC73" box="[279,431,916,943]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
found dissected and kept in a micro-vial inside this tube.Another tube labeled as ‘allotype’ (5017/18) contains
|
||
<specimenCount id="859EFD45FFBDFFA03E2AFED4FE03FC0F" box="[372,474,952,979]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
specimen in good condition, with one of its legs being broken. Both pedipalps were found removed and kept inside this tube. There was no tube labeled as ‘holotype’ for this species in the collection. Both
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03F8AF96CFEEDFBC6" box="[212,308,1025,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03E37F96DFE1AFBC7" box="[361,451,1024,1050]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
labels mention the collecting date as ‘
|
||
<date id="E726100CFFBDFFA03C39F96CFC3AFBC6" box="[871,995,1025,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" value="1974-11-03">3/11/1974</date>
|
||
’.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03CACF96DFB41FBC6" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[1010,1176,1024,1051]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="295 - 536" refId="ref10742" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1982). Part 2. Family Gnaphosidae. In: The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 295 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1982">Tikader (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
redescribed ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03A71F96CFA4CFBC7" authorityName="Tikader & Gajbe" authorityYear="1977" box="[1327,1429,1024,1050]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Megamyrmaekion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ashae">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03A71F96CFA4CFBC7" box="[1327,1429,1024,1050]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">M. ashae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03FA1F949FEB8FBE3" box="[255,353,1060,1086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female and
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03EB6F949FD9BFBE3" box="[488,578,1060,1086]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="allotype">allotype</typeStatus>
|
||
male. Since
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03D91F949FCAFFBE2" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[719,886,1060,1087]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="295 - 536" refId="ref10742" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1982). Part 2. Family Gnaphosidae. In: The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 295 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1982">Tikader (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the vulva of this species, we presumed the female with removed epigyne found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03DECF924FCCBFBBE" box="[690,786,1097,1123]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
tube as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03CC1F925FBDDFBBF" box="[927,1028,1096,1122]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which might be mixed up with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03FC9F900FEDCFB5A" box="[151,261,1133,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, possibly by Tikader.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03EA7F901FD78FB5A" author="Tikader, B. K." box="[505,673,1132,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" pagination="295 - 536" refId="ref10742" refString="Tikader, B. K. (1982). Part 2. Family Gnaphosidae. In: The fauna of India. Spiders: Araneae. Vol. II. Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. 295 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1982">Tikader (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also provided a registration number for the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4C23886EFFBDFFA03BD0F901FB29FB5B" box="[1166,1264,1132,1158]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(5015/18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DB826547FFBDFFA03F99F9FDFED9FB12" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="932736CCFFBDFFA03F99F9FDFED9FB12" blockId="6.[151,1437,448,1231]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="A1ECEADEFFBDFFA03F99F9FDFEB8FB77" bold="true" box="[199,353,1168,1194]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03E38F9FDFE64FB77" box="[358,445,1168,1194]" name="Algeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03E99F9FCFDD4FB76" box="[455,525,1169,1195]" name="Egypt" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54984D4FFFBDFFA03D49F9FDFD88FB77" authority="Sankaran & Caleb, 2021" authorityName="Sankaran & Caleb" authorityYear="2021" box="[535,593,1168,1194]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="India" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="539" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">India</taxonomicName>
|
||
(new record),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03DACF9FCFCFBFB76" box="[754,802,1169,1195]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03C72F9FDFCB4FB77" box="[812,877,1168,1194]" name="Israel" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03C29F9FDFC62FB77" box="[887,955,1168,1194]" name="Libya" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Libya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB8F765CFFBDFFA03C9BF9FDFBC1FB77" box="[965,1048,1168,1194]" name="Tunisia" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Tunisia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7094B3DFFBDFFA03B7BF9FDFA80FB76" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[1061,1369,1168,1195]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" refId="ref10889" refString="World Spider Catalog (2021) World Spider Catalog. Version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed 12 August 2021) https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2021">World Spider Catalog 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |