333 lines
38 KiB
XML
333 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="E930FC3276EA22E2D98A822350320B62" ID-ISSN="0003-0090" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630276700656" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="TEDFORD R. H., WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E." docDate="2009" docId="173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966" docLanguage="en" docName="B325.pdf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (325)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743.3:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleId="2B34016C1EBFE58B07368F9517618743" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.journal_article.0cover.type1" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Leptocyon douglassi TEDFORD R. H. & WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E. 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="EB0DFFD6FFDB0709FFD7770AFFEFFFB9" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)" masterLastPageNumber="218" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1699210124599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="A1FF02BAC4D6C5EC6B4085361B61B216" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5261DB9AAFFF4868BB2577DAB3741D56">
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<mods:title id="89200409897A738B9BD1C6751B78D337">Phylogenetic Systematics Of The North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="41186CFCA74DBE89ED99CEC0E1D764F3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="30639CD51B81F65FB7CC81E0D3A06105">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2200EC7D643FC6B77DF05ACBC771073F">TEDFORD R. H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D69F5D235035BBE3790004F438F16192">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5768F619F6BBAC4ED4F84B1EF46C808B">WANG X.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="D2378EC0FE270266770AC3BF02F5849E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9DCA32F1AFD3617A06D8C81273B3A997">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="08CB77792D977CA9CBEFFA53CFD1330E">TAYLOR B. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EF38C5CE41D1327766615A9FD6722342">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9250869F91E38A8672E2F4CE19448394">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CE523ED3E0CB7851A101A9EB6F7888A4">
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<mods:date id="7423D1CF6842A36F14DFAABEF73271F7">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D88713245C6AD58A8C393BC3E0976061">2009-09-03</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="974F48B3A2863F36D3A74F7C1CA3C79E" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="3CFD97A59E1387F30D9F1E0B553FCC9B">2009</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B92A016BF5F325C30F16A18880AC52D6">325</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="60D0C6D46494102BDEABB6E657640A11">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="699878C4E50C09626381EBC1A0B5EDC3" type="ISSN">0003-0090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5463593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5463593" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FFC9071BFF10711CFDAEF9F0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFC9071BFF10711CFDAEF9F0" blockId="18.[199,582,1557,1610]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="C46A81D4FFC9071BFF10711CFDAEF9F0" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFC9071BFF10711CFE40F995" authority="TEDFORD R. H. & WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E., 2009" authorityName="TEDFORD R. H. & WANG X. & TAYLOR B. E." authorityYear="2009" box="[199,431,1557,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglassi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFC9071BFF10711CFE40F995" bold="true" box="[199,431,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Leptocyon douglassi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B6DA57D1FFC9071BFE68711DFDA9F995" box="[447,582,1558,1580]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFFC9071BFF1B713EFED3F9F3" box="[204,316,1588,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[150,188,1064,1083]" captionTargetBox="[130,1225,210,1034]" captionTargetId="figure-234@18.[130,1225,210,1034]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 5. Log-ratio diagram comparing the means of the cheek tooth dimensions (appendix 3) of four early occurring species of Leptocyon against a primitive borophagine, Archaeocyon pavidus. Gray bars extending from the means of the standard are observed ranges (light) and ±1 S (dark) of the mean of the sample used." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figures 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFFC9071BFE9D713EFE7BF9F3" box="[330,404,1588,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[152,190,1579,1598]" captionText="Fig. 6. A–B. Leptocyon douglassi, early Arikareean, Montana. Ramus, CMNH 1264. A. Occlusal view. B. Lateral view. C–G. Leptocyon douglassi, early Arikareean, Montana. C–E. Type maxillary and associated ramus, NMNH 19931. C. Occlusal view, reversed. D. Occlusal view. E. Lateral view. F–G. Ramus, F:AM 54196. F. Occlusal view. G. Lateral view. H–J. Leptocyon mollis, Arikareean, Oregon. Type skull, UCMP 90. H. Lateral view, reversed (P2 and postorbital process restored from opposite side). I. Palatal view, reversed. J. Dorsal view, reversed. The longer (upper) scale is for A, C, D, and F, and the shorter (lower) one is for the rest." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">6A–G</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="07A62A3DFFC9071BFE76713FFE5EF9F3" box="[417,433,1589,1610]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[150,188,913,932]" captionTargetBox="[130,1225,210,883]" captionTargetId="figure-284@20.[130,1225,210,883]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 7. Graphic comparison of the length of the m1 and m2 of species of Leptocyon, Vulpes, Metalopex, and Urocyon. The horizontal bar is the observed range, the small rectangle represents 1 S from the mean, the vertical line is the mean, and the size of the sample is the number in parentheses." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">7</figureCitation>
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; appendix 3
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FFC9071BFF57716BFD81F9CC" box="[128,622,1633,1653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFC9071BFF57716BFD81F9CC" blockId="18.[128,622,1633,1653]" box="[128,622,1633,1653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="BF8D1196FFC9071BFF57716BFD81F9CC" box="[128,622,1633,1653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitation id="1E3C10A9FFC9071BFF57716BFD85F9CC" author="Macdonald, J. R." box="[128,618,1633,1653]" page="55" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1970">
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFC9071BFF57716BFD85F9CC" authority=": Macdonald, 1970: 55" authorityName=": Macdonald" authorityPageNumber="55" authorityYear="1970" box="[128,618,1633,1653]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nothocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geismarianus">
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<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFC9071BFF57716BFE96F9CD" box="[128,377,1633,1653]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Nothocyon geismarianus</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FFC9071BFE5F7168FD85F9CC" author="Macdonald, J. R." box="[392,618,1634,1653]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref128559" refString="Macdonald, J. R. 1970. Review of the Miocene Wounded Knee faunas of southwestern South Dakota. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Science 8: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1970">Macdonald, 1970: 55</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D7876533FFC9071CFF4C7185FDF2F966" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFC9071BFF4C7185FBF5FABE" blockId="18.[128,654,1678,1759]" lastBlockId="18.[701,1228,1206,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFFC9071BFF4C7185FF35F91D" box="[155,218,1679,1700]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFC9071BFF247185FEBDF91D" box="[243,338,1679,1700]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
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19931 (fig. 6C–E), cast AMNH 129685, partial palate with P4–M2 and left ramus with c and p2–m2 from the Toston Formation (early Arikareean), 2
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<quantity id="58659B5DFFC9071BFD6A73DEFCFFFB53" box="[701,784,1236,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 miles</quantity>
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southeast of Canyon Ferry, Lewis and Clark County,
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<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFC9071BFC7273F8FBFAFABE" box="[933,1045,1266,1287]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Montana</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFC9071BFD0E7205FC74FA22" blockId="18.[701,1228,1206,1759]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Etymology: Named for Earl Douglass whose pioneering studies of the fossil mammals of
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<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFC9071BFCFE7241FC79FAD9" box="[809,918,1355,1376]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Montana</collectingRegion>
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initiated modern knowledge of the Neogene faunas of the northern Rocky Mountains.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFC9071DFD0E72A9FEA9FB8E" blockId="18.[701,1228,1206,1759]" lastBlockId="20.[128,654,1028,1438]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<materialsCitation id="2FF53CE5FFC9071BFD0E72A9FBDDF97B" collectionCode="NMNH, AMNH" county="Clark County" location="Canyon Ferry" municipality="Toston Formation" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="NMNH 19106, AMNH 129684" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Montana">
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Referred Material: From the
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<typeStatus id="4026881AFFC9071BFB8672AEFB6CFA00" box="[1105,1155,1444,1465]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
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area,
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<collectingMunicipality id="7F46ACC2FFC9071BFD6A72CBFC75FA6E" box="[701,922,1473,1495]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Toston Formation</collectingMunicipality>
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(early Arikareean),
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<location id="9A426063FFC9071BFB4572CBFCD6FA4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966:9A426063FFC9071BFB4572CBFCD6FA4A" county="Clark County" municipality="Toston Formation" name="Canyon Ferry" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Montana">Canyon Ferry</location>
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,
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<location id="9A426063FFC9071BFC9E72D4FC62FA4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966:9A426063FFC9071BFC9E72D4FC62FA4D" box="[841,909,1502,1524]" county="Clark County" municipality="Toston Formation" name="Lewis" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Montana">Lewis</location>
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and
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<collectingCounty id="76434E34FFC9071BFC0772D4FB96FA4A" box="[976,1145,1502,1524]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Clark County</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFC9071BFB5E72D4FD1BF9A8" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Montana</collectingRegion>
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:
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FFC9071BFCD372F6FC5DF9A8" box="[772,946,1531,1553]" collectionCode="NMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="Museum">NMNH 19106</specimenCode>
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(cast
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<specimenCode id="CF3B9EC3FFC9071BFBD772F1FB50F9A8" box="[1024,1215,1531,1553]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">AMNH 129684</specimenCode>
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), fragments of immature skull and jaw including right partial ramus with p2 unerupted, dp3–dp4 and m2 unerupted, and left detached unworn m1.
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<location id="9A426063FFC9071BFC7F717BFC37F93F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966:9A426063FFC9071BFC7F717BFC37F93F" box="[936,984,1649,1670]" county="Clark County" municipality="Toston Formation" name="One" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Montana">One</location>
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mile east of
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<location id="9A426063FFC9071BFBB8717BFCEDF91D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:173487AEFFC9071CFF10711CFDF2F966:9A426063FFC9071BFBB8717BFCEDF91D" county="Clark County" municipality="Toston Formation" name="Canyon Ferry" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Montana">Canyon Ferry</location>
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: CMNH 1264, right and left mandibular rami with c–m3 (fig. 6A–B)
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</materialsCitation>
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; and CMNH 1300, left ramus with i3 root, c–p3 alveoli, p4–m2, and m3 alveolus, Earl Douglass Collection, 1902.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="CBE26630FFCF071DFF41749BFBEDFC60" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[150,188,913,932]" targetBox="[130,1225,210,883]" targetPageId="20">
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||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFF41749BFBEDFC60" blockId="20.[128,1228,913,986]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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||
Fig. 7. Graphic comparison of the length of the m1 and m2 of species of
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<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFC587498FC16FC1D" authorityName="Matthew" authorityYear="1918" box="[911,1017,914,932]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFC587498FC16FC1D" box="[911,1017,914,932]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptocyon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFBD1749BFBA5FC1C" authorityName=": Macdonald" authorityYear="1948" box="[1030,1098,913,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Vulpes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFBD1749BFBA5FC1C" box="[1030,1098,913,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Vulpes</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFB80749BFB2AFC1C" authorityName="Tedford and Wang" authorityYear="2008" box="[1111,1221,913,933]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Metalopex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFB80749BFB2AFC1C" box="[1111,1221,913,933]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Metalopex</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, and
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||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFF7974A7FEEAFC06" authorityName="Baird" authorityYear="1858" box="[174,261,941,959]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Urocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFF7974A7FEEAFC06" box="[174,261,941,959]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Urocyon</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. The horizontal bar is the observed range, the small rectangle represents 1 S from the mean, the vertical line is the mean, and the size of the sample is the number in parentheses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFF4A734AFD63FB52" blockId="20.[128,654,1028,1438]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
White Sulfur Springs (early Arikareean), Meagher County,
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||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFCF071DFEBE7355FE36FBCD" box="[361,473,1119,1140]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Montana</collectingRegion>
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||
: F:AM 54196 (fig. 6F–G), left ramus with c broken and p1 alveolus, p2–m3 from deposits considered temporally equivalent to the Gering Formation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FFCF071DFF0A73DFFD67FB52" author="Schultz, C. B. & C. H. Falkenbach" box="[221,648,1237,1259]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="69 - 198" refId="ref131205" refString="Schultz, C. B., and C. H. Falkenbach. 1949. Promerycochoerinae: a new subfamily of oreodonts. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 93 (3): 69 - 198." type="journal article" year="1949">Schultz and Falkenbach (1949: 145)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFF4A73F9FCB5FB8E" blockId="20.[128,654,1028,1438]" lastBlockId="20.[701,1228,1028,1439]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Wounded Knee–Sharps Fauna, Sharps Formation (early Arikareean),
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||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFCF071DFE25721BFF75FAFD" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
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||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFF727225FF14FAFD" box="[165,251,1327,1348]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
9371, left maxillary fragment with P4–M1 from
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFEEC7247FE7EFADB" box="[315,401,1357,1378]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
locality 1955 and referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFED07260FDF0FA39" authorityName=": Macdonald" authorityYear="1970" box="[263,543,1386,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Nothocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geismarianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFED07260FDF0FA39" box="[263,543,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Nothocyon geismarianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FB0C4B49FFCF071DFD877261FE8EFA27" author="Macdonald, J. R." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref128559" refString="Macdonald, J. R. 1970. Review of the Miocene Wounded Knee faunas of southwestern South Dakota. Bulletin of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History Science 8: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1970">Macdonald (1970: 55)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; and
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFE647282FDE6FA24" box="[435,521,1416,1437]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
9298, left maxillary fragment with M1 from
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFBA2730EFB24FBA0" box="[1141,1227,1028,1049]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
|
||
locality 1980.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFD0C734AFB4FFAB1" blockId="20.[701,1228,1028,1439]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFD0C734AFCDEFBEC" box="[731,817,1088,1109]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
locality V6377, Haystack 8, L-2, Turtle Cove Member, John Day Formation, between the Picture Gorge Ignimbrite and Deep Creek Tuff (29–28 Ma, early Arikareean):
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCF071DFCD873BDFC8AFB75" box="[783,869,1207,1228]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2fxn-eays" name="University of California Museum of Paleontology" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="University or college">UCMP</collectionCode>
|
||
79365, anterior part of skull lacking canines and incisors, P1 alveolus, P2 roots, left P3, left and right P4, M1–M2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFD0E721BFBF1FAFC" blockId="20.[701,1228,1028,1439]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Distribution: Early Arikareean of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFCF071DFBBA721BFB28FA9F" box="[1133,1223,1297,1318]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFCF071DFD6A7225FCC2FAFD" box="[701,813,1327,1348]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Montana</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="5D59F85AFFCF071DFCB87225FBF4FAFC" box="[879,1051,1327,1349]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071CFD0E7247FDEBFE6D" blockId="20.[701,1228,1028,1439]" lastBlockId="21.[93,620,211,1759]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFCB97244FB87FADA" box="[878,1128,1356,1379]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglassi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFCB97244FB87FADA" box="[878,1128,1356,1379]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptocyon douglassi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other Arikareean species by its derived p3 lacking posterior cusp, m2 with long talonid (.90% of trigonid length), and absence of m2 paraconid. Additionally, it differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF39761AFE83FE9F" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[238,364,271,294]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF39761AFE83FE9F" box="[238,364,271,294]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size and relatively narrower and lower crowned premolars; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF2A7641FE98FEE6" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[253,375,330,352]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF2A7641FE98FEE6" box="[253,375,330,352]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. gregorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in averaging smaller in size, M2 having metaconule, and P4 of greater width with stronger protocone; and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF7A76A8FECFFE01" box="[173,288,417,440]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF7A76A8FECFFE01" box="[173,288,417,440]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its smaller size and proportionally smaller M1 and M2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="FC862AB6FFCF071DFF5772FFFF76F9B0" box="[128,153,1525,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFF5772FFFF76F9B0" blockId="20.[128,153,1525,1545]" box="[128,153,1525,1545]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">+</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<caption id="CBE26630FFCF071DFF4F7121FE0AF967" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[152,190,1579,1598]">
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCF071DFF4F7121FE0AF967" blockId="20.[128,1229,1578,1758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
Fig. 6. A–B.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFEF97126FE13F987" box="[302,508,1578,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglassi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFEF97126FE13F987" box="[302,508,1578,1598]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptocyon douglassi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, early Arikareean, Montana. Ramus, CMNH 1264.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFBCD7121FBC3F987" bold="true" box="[1050,1068,1579,1598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Occlusal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFF57714CFF7FF9E0" bold="true" box="[128,144,1606,1625]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFE96714FFE9DF9E1" bold="true" box="[321,370,1605,1624]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C–G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFE51714CFDB3F9E0" box="[390,604,1605,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="douglassi">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFE51714CFDB3F9E0" box="[390,604,1605,1625]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptocyon douglassi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, early Arikareean, Montana.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFC78714FFC32F9E1" bold="true" box="[943,989,1605,1624]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Type maxillary and associated ramus, NMNH 19931.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFE26716AFDECF9CA" bold="true" box="[497,515,1632,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Occlusal view, reversed.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFCCB716AFCC0F9CA" bold="true" box="[796,815,1632,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Occlusal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFC36716AFC1EF9CA" bold="true" box="[993,1009,1632,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFB40716AFB2BF9CA" bold="true" box="[1175,1220,1632,1651]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F–G</emphasis>
|
||
. Ramus, F:AM 54196.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFEB07171FE99F937" bold="true" box="[359,374,1659,1678]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Occlusal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFDCB7170FDC0F934" bold="true" box="[540,559,1658,1677]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFD1F7171FD19F937" bold="true" box="[712,758,1659,1678]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H–J</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCF071DFCD57171FBDCF937" authority=", Arikareean" authorityName="Arikareean" box="[770,1075,1658,1678]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFCD57171FC40F937" box="[770,943,1658,1678]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptocyon mollis</emphasis>
|
||
, Arikareean
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Oregon. Type skull, UCMP 90.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFEE9719FFEBDF911" bold="true" box="[318,338,1685,1704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view, reversed (P2 and postorbital process restored from opposite side).
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFB6C719FFB2BF911" bold="true" box="[1211,1220,1685,1704]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Palatal view, reversed.
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCF071DFEA571BAFE90F97A" bold="true" box="[370,383,1712,1731]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">J</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view, reversed. The longer (upper) scale is for A, C, D, and F, and the shorter (lower) one is for the rest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F2236B8FFCE071CFFAE76D7FDF2F966" blockId="21.[93,620,211,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
Description and Comparison: The p2–p4 are widely spaced, elongate, slender, and moderately tall crowned. The lower premolars of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFEC7753CFEACFDF2" box="[272,323,566,587]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
ramus (
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCE071CFE79753FFDFFFDF3" box="[430,528,565,586]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
19931) and those of a referred ramus (F:
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCE071CFDE27559FD84FDD1" box="[565,619,595,616]" country="Australia" name="Australian Museum" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">AM</collectionCode>
|
||
54196) have stronger anterior cingular cusps than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFE807584FE65FD1A" box="[343,394,654,675]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFD867584FF5AFD79" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFD867584FF5AFD79" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. gregorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF2475A1FE9EFD78" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[243,369,682,705]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF2475A1FE9EFD78" box="[243,369,682,705]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare figs. 6A–E with 11A–E and 8A–C). The anterior cusp is noticeably stronger on p3 and p4, and even the p2 of F:AM 54196 shows a small but distinct anterior cusp. Prominent anterior cingular cusp on the premolars is shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF7F7451FED3FCC9" authorityName="Scott" authorityYear="1890" box="[168,316,859,880]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Hesperocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF7F7451FED3FCC9" box="[168,316,859,880]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Hesperocyon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF8A747DFEEAFC34" box="[93,261,887,909]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Borophaginae">Borophaginae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, the loss of a posterior cusp on P3 is a derived feature of this early
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF3874B9FE2AFC71" box="[239,453,946,968]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF3874B9FE88FC71" box="[239,359,947,968]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Leptocyon</emphasis>
|
||
species.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The P4 of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFF8A74DAFF60FC5C" box="[93,143,976,997]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="F98CAE7DFFCE071CFF7074DAFEE8FC5C" box="[167,263,976,997]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/142r-0w94" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="Museum">NMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
19931) is transversely thick with a large protocone and a weak parastylar shelf, similar to that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFE247300FDCAFBA6" box="[499,549,1034,1055]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFD867301FF4FFB87" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFD867301FF4FFB87" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF377322FEB0FB87" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[224,351,1063,1086]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF377322FEB0FB87" box="[224,351,1063,1086]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike the slender upper carnassial of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFE84734FFE3CFBE3" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[339,467,1093,1114]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFE84734FFE3CFBE3" box="[339,467,1093,1114]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. gregorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The M1 is proportionally smaller than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFE2E7369FD84FBC1" box="[505,619,1121,1144]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFE2E7369FD84FBC1" box="[505,619,1121,1144]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5) but morphologically similar with an extremely low-crowned paracone and metacone, strong labial cingulum, and a strong parastyle. The M2 is also proportionally smaller than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFE9773FFFE9DFAB3" box="[320,370,1269,1290]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFEAD73FFFE31FAB2" box="[378,478,1268,1291]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFEAD73FFFE31FAB2" box="[378,478,1268,1291]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. mollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(fig. 5), but it is morphologically similar with an extremely low-crowned paracone and metacone, strong labial cingulum, and a strong parastyle. The M2 is also proportionally smaller than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFE92728DFE98FA25" box="[325,375,1415,1436]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
and has a very lowcrowned paracone and metacone, a welldeveloped protocone, and a strongly recurved talon. The m1 is slender with a strong metaconid and a somewhat more basinlike talonid than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFE737110FDC9F996" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[420,550,1562,1583]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFE737110FDC9F996" box="[420,550,1562,1583]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. gregorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The elongate m2 with a very long talonid contrasts with the shorter talonid length of the m
|
||
<quantity id="58659B5DFFCE071CFF74717BFF24F93E" box="[163,203,1649,1671]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFF057178FEA4F93E" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[210,331,1650,1671]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gregorii">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFF057178FEA4F93E" box="[210,331,1650,1671]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. gregorii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFE507178FDECF931" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[391,515,1649,1672]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFE507178FDECF931" box="[391,515,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The m2 has a relatively large subequal protoconid and metaconid but lacks the distinct paraconid present in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4026881AFFCE071CFEEE71C0FE84F966" box="[313,363,1738,1759]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="589D4D3BFFCE071CFE4071C0FDF9F966" baseAuthorityName="Matthew" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[407,534,1736,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Canidae" genus="Leptocyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vulpinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADE9EAAAFFCE071CFE4071C0FDF9F966" box="[407,534,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">L. vulpinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |