184 lines
13 KiB
XML
184 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" ID-GBIF-Dataset="58b3b015-a919-456b-9175-f96878341e31" ID-PMC="PMC3497256" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-239-1" ID-PubMed="23226711" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-239-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 239" ModsDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres ( Cyamon and Trikentrion)" checkinTime="1451248578713" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Soest, Rob van, Carballo, Jose Luis & Hooper, John" docDate="2012" docId="E7FBD2A13C44081CF0D92CA349D94C9B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 239: 1-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 239" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734" docTitle="Cyamon arguinense Soest, Carballo & Hooper, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="3639FF9B0F54FFEACF6A573ADC3CDF3D" masterDocTitle="Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1668154678110" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Polyaxone monaxonids: revision of raspailiid sponges with polyactine megascleres (Cyamon and Trikentrion)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Soest, Rob van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Carballo, Jose Luis</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hooper, John</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>239</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.239.3734</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-239-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037774" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0024C5CC-3BBE-4043-93C7-22F2766B7E13" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7FBD2A13C44081CF0D92CA349D94C9B" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0024C5CC-3BBE-4043-93C7-22F2766B7E13" class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 5, 6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Type specimen: HolotypeZMA Por. 06723, encrusting a stone, preserved in alcohol.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Type locality: Mauritania, off Banc
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Arguin">d'Arguin</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="19.0833">19.0833°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-16.4167">16.4167°W</geoCoordinate>
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, on sandstone ridge, dredged, 12-18 m, coll. R.W.M. van Soest & J.J. Vermeulen, Mauritania II Exped. Stat. 49, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–06–">-06-</normalizedToken>
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1988.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Thin crust, (Fig. 6A) hispid surface. Color red (alive), dirty white (alcohol). Consistency soft, easily damaged, size 2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.5 cm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-3 mm.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Skeleton: columnar bundles of megascleres issuing from a basal layer of polyactines. Columns consist of a single long subtylostyle sheathed in a tight bundle of fusiform centrotylote styles; bundles separate, interconnected only near the substratum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Spicules of three types: subtylostyles (assumed to be homologues of the long thin styles), centrotylote styles (assumed homologues of the short thin styles), polyactines (short thick styles apparently lacking).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Long thin (subtylo-)styles (Fig. 6B, B1) with prominent heads, and bluntly rounded pointed ends, 1229
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–1482.1–">-1482.1-</normalizedToken>
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1668
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–13.9–">-13.9-</normalizedToken>
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18
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Short thin styles, fusiform, centrotylote (Fig. 6C, C1), tyle slightly excentric, rounded end tapering, 244
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–521.5–">-521.5-</normalizedToken>
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719
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.4–">-6.4-</normalizedToken>
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9
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Polyactines, (Fig. 6D) predominantly four-claded, (a few five-claded forms were observed), basal cladus with coarse recurved spines, lateral cladi entirely smooth, basal cladus 51
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–58.6–">-58.6-</normalizedToken>
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69
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.5–">-6.5-</normalizedToken>
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8, lateral cladi 31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–55.7–">-55.7-</normalizedToken>
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78
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–6.1–">-6.1-</normalizedToken>
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8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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The name is an adjective referring to the type locality: the Mauritanian nature reserve Banc
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Arguin">d'Arguin</normalizedToken>
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, one of the richest faunal areas of the west coasts of Africa (cf.
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<bibRefCitation pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Wolff et al. 1993</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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(Fig. 5). So far known only from the sandstone ridges of coastal flats of the Banc
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’">d'</normalizedToken>
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Arguin, Mauritania, West Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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In shallow-water (12-18 m), highly sedimented environments, in the company of many other sand dwelling sponges such as
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Ciocalypta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ciocalypta" order="Suberitida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Ciocalypta</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polymastia" order="Polymastiida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Polymastia</taxonomicName>
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(cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Van Soest, RWM" editor="Wolff, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="95 - 106" title="Distribution of sponges on the Mauritanian continental shelf." volume="258" volumeTitle="Ecological Studies in the Coastal Waters of Mauritania." year="1993">Van Soest 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: Pl. I fig. a).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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The single spined cladus of the polyactine spicules is an alleged feature of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Trikentrion" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trikentrion" order="Axinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Trikentrion</taxonomicName>
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, but in all other characters (growth form, monaxone spicules and skeletal arrangement) this is a typical
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon" order="Axinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cyamon</taxonomicName>
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. It reminds strongly of Indian Ocean
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
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, with which it shares the shape and up
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<pageBreakToken pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">per</pageBreakToken>
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length of the subtylostyles, the lack of differentiated long and short thick styles, and the size and single cladus spination of the polyactines. Differences are the predominantly five-claded polyactines and the shape and size of the stylote spicules in
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quinqueradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quinqueradiatum">Cyamon quinqueradiatum</taxonomicName>
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. Long subtylostyles with prominent heads are shared with Indian Ocean
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon quadriradiatum" order="Axinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="quadriradiatum">Cyamon quadriradiatum</taxonomicName>
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but that species has all the cladi of the polyactines densely spined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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The new species was collected in the same dredge sample as
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon amphipolyactinum" order="Axinellida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amphipolyactinum">Cyamon amphipolyactinum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (see above), but on a different sandstone flake (these provide hard substratum for sponges that would otherwise be buried in the sand). The two species differ sharply in the shape, size and ornamentation of the polyactines as well as in the shape and size of the styles.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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6.
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<taxonomicName class="Demospongiae" family="Raspailiidae" genus="Cyamon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyamon arguinense" order="Axinellida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arguinense">Cyamon arguinense</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., holotype ZMA Por. 06723, A shape (arrow) encrusting a fragment of sandstone (scale 1 cm) B subtylostyle B1 details of apices of subtylostyle C short thin centrotylote style C1 details of apices and middle part of short thin centrotylote style D polyactines.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |