265 lines
36 KiB
XML
265 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="B345A4FA7F6CCD17BD17220CEC4791C9" ID-CLB-Dataset="4705" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2642.1.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b4cfe27f-245d-40e2-8e3b-7b59463cfa77" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5304589" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629701113728" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Xiao-Xiao, Zhang, Feng & Zhu, Ming-Sheng" docDate="2010" docId="03CA4C5BFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FD99F49D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02642p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2642 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2642.1.6" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pronoides Schenkel 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="60" masterDocId="FFF33423FFE1FFFCFFFE114DFFF1F302" masterDocTitle="A review of the Asian orb weaving spider genus Pronoides (Araneae: Araneidae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1699134958808" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B72592B8B517748DF82FAA2021AAF0F9">A review of the Asian orb weaving spider genus Pronoides (Araneae: Araneidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3633A6645DC29989FB88041DACA825BB">Zhang, Xiao-Xiao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="39468998B5BEC1C44E0EB019C060A060">Zhang, Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4E062785C30CBCC56A4A34F24E53F68F">Zhu, Ming-Sheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AC5863D953961BDCBB9E1F46AA7025DF">Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="F37EB79E312DFC8221E6FE89752B9B23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="224F05829DCC44AC15AF7DB4921BA2CC">
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<mods:date id="86ECE540333E890ABD60E2928C0C3AEF">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA6E7BB04A0350E554E6BD41F9D810C6">2010-10-12</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="261A0A274D51BC34B8ED996952A713CC">2642</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CA4C5BFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FD99F49D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5311727" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185159647" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5311727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA4C5BFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FD99F49D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA4C5BFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FD99F49D" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C379AEC6FFE0FFFDFF6913D0FE23F1B5" box="[151,466,669,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FE23F1B5" blockId="1.[151,466,669,695]" box="[151,466,669,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0944A21FFE0FFFDFF6913D0FE23F1B5" bold="true" box="[151,466,669,695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FE23F1B5" ID-CoL="6WTJ" ID-ENA="2337786" authority="Schenkel, 1936" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,466,669,695]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FE23F1B5" bold="true" box="[151,466,669,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF6913D0FEE0F1B5" bold="true" box="[151,273,669,695]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFEE613D0FE23F1B5" author="Schenkel, E." box="[280,466,669,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref4966" refString="Schenkel, E. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Araneae gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Exped. Arkiv For Zoology, 29 (A 1), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1936">Schenkel, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C379AEC6FFE0FFFDFF6913A8FAF5F1FE" box="[151,1284,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF6913A8FAF5F1FE" blockId="1.[151,1284,741,796]" box="[151,1284,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB73DA63FFE0FFFDFF6913A8FAF5F1FE" box="[151,1284,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DB5CFFE0FFFDFF6913A8FE17F1FE" author="Schenkel, E." box="[151,486,741,764]" page="119" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="1936">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF6913A8FE17F1FE" ID-CoL="6WTJ" authority="Schenkel, 1936: 119" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,486,741,764]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF6913A8FEF5F1FE" box="[151,260,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFEF413A8FE17F1FE" author="Schenkel, E." box="[266,486,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref4966" refString="Schenkel, E. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Araneae gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Exped. Arkiv For Zoology, 29 (A 1), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1936">Schenkel, 1936: 119</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DB5CFFE0FFFDFE0C13A8FD3EF1FE" author="Yin, C. M. & Wang, J. F. & Zhu, M. S. & Xie, L. P. & Peng, X. J. & Bao, Y. H." box="[498,719,741,764]" page="100" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFE0C13A8FD3EF1FE" author="Yin, C. M. & Wang, J. F. & Zhu, M. S. & Xie, L. P. & Peng, X. J. & Bao, Y. H." box="[498,719,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5343" refString="Yin, C. M., Wang, J. F., Zhu, M. S., Xie, L. P., Peng, X. J. & Bao, Y. H. (1997) Fauna Sinica: Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae. Science Press, Beijing, 460 pp." type="book" year="1997">
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Yin
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFDE113A8FDA5F1FE" box="[543,596,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
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, 1997: 100
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DB5CFFE0FFFDFD2413A8FBEEF1FE" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J." box="[730,1055,741,764]" page="309" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFD2413A8FBEEF1FE" author="Song, D. X. & Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J." box="[730,1055,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5016" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei Science and Technology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 309</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AC2DB5CFFE0FFFDFBD413A8FAF1F1FE" author="Tanikawa, A." box="[1066,1280,741,764]" page="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFBD413A8FAF1F1FE" author="Tanikawa, A." box="[1066,1280,741,764]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refId="ref5194" refString="Tanikawa, A. (2007) An identification guide to the Japanese spiders of the families Araneidae, Nephilidae and Tetragnathidae. Arachnological Society of Japan, Tokyo, 121 pp." type="book" year="2007">Tanikawa, 2007: 89</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379AEC6FFE0FFFDFF691249FD4BF01E" box="[151,698,772,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF691249FD4BF01E" blockId="1.[151,1284,741,796]" box="[151,698,772,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF691249FEDAF01E" bold="true" box="[151,299,772,796]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
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<typeStatus id="54D843EFFFE0FFFDFF691249FF3EF01E" box="[151,207,772,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFECF1248FD43F01E" ID-CoL="4MT9K" authority="Schenkel, 1936" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[305,690,773,796]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFECF1248FDF6F01E" box="[305,519,773,796]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides brunneus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFDF01248FD43F01E" author="Schenkel, E." box="[526,690,773,796]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref4966" refString="Schenkel, E. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Araneae gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Exped. Arkiv For Zoology, 29 (A 1), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1936">Schenkel, 1936</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C379AEC6FFE0FFFDFF691207FD9CF626" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF691207FABBF0D6" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF691207FEE6F066" bold="true" box="[151,279,842,868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFEE01207FE64F061" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[286,405,842,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFEE01207FE64F061" box="[286,405,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be recognized by the following characters: carapace about 1.2 times longer than its width; female, juvenile and adult, abdomen with a pair of obvious anterior humps dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFAFB123DFAABF088" box="[1285,1370,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,213,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-175@3.[151,1436,194,1711]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Pronoides brunneus Schenkel, 1936, 1–4, female. 1. Body, dorsal; 2. Epigynum, ventral; 3. Vulva, dorsal; 4. Cephalic region, frontal; 5–9, male. 5. Endites, labium and coxa I, ventral; 6. Femur I, prolateral; 7. Left male palp, expanded; 8. Same, retrolateral; 9. Same, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 1, 1.0mm; 2–3, 7–9, 0.2mm; 4, 6, 0.5mm; 5, 0.25mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304591/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFA95123DFA7DF088" box="[1387,1420,880,906]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="5.[151,272,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1435,285,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[151,1436,269,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Pronoides sutaiensis n. sp., 10–12, female. 10. Body, dorsal; 11. Epigynum, ventral; 12. Vulva, dorsal; 13–16, male. 13. Left male palp, prolateral; 14. Same, expanded; 15. Same, retrolateral; 16. Femur I, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 10, 1.0mm; 11–15, 0.2mm; 16, 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">10</figureCitation>
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); epigynal plate with a depression on each lateral side (
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<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFCF712D8FCADF0AD" box="[777,860,917,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,213,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-175@3.[151,1436,194,1711]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Pronoides brunneus Schenkel, 1936, 1–4, female. 1. Body, dorsal; 2. Epigynum, ventral; 3. Vulva, dorsal; 4. Cephalic region, frontal; 5–9, male. 5. Endites, labium and coxa I, ventral; 6. Femur I, prolateral; 7. Left male palp, expanded; 8. Same, retrolateral; 9. Same, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 1, 1.0mm; 2–3, 7–9, 0.2mm; 4, 6, 0.5mm; 5, 0.25mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304591/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFC9612D8FC76F0AD" box="[872,903,917,943]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="5.[151,272,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1435,285,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[151,1436,269,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Pronoides sutaiensis n. sp., 10–12, female. 10. Body, dorsal; 11. Epigynum, ventral; 12. Vulva, dorsal; 13–16, male. 13. Left male palp, prolateral; 14. Same, expanded; 15. Same, retrolateral; 16. Femur I, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 10, 1.0mm; 11–15, 0.2mm; 16, 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">11</figureCitation>
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); male femora I with more than six prolateral macrosetae (
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<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFED512F7FE8FF0D6" box="[299,382,954,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,213,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-175@3.[151,1436,194,1711]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Pronoides brunneus Schenkel, 1936, 1–4, female. 1. Body, dorsal; 2. Epigynum, ventral; 3. Vulva, dorsal; 4. Cephalic region, frontal; 5–9, male. 5. Endites, labium and coxa I, ventral; 6. Femur I, prolateral; 7. Left male palp, expanded; 8. Same, retrolateral; 9. Same, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 1, 1.0mm; 2–3, 7–9, 0.2mm; 4, 6, 0.5mm; 5, 0.25mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304591/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFE7412F7FE5BF0D6" box="[394,426,954,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="5.[151,272,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1435,285,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[151,1436,269,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Pronoides sutaiensis n. sp., 10–12, female. 10. Body, dorsal; 11. Epigynum, ventral; 12. Vulva, dorsal; 13–16, male. 13. Left male palp, prolateral; 14. Same, expanded; 15. Same, retrolateral; 16. Femur I, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 10, 1.0mm; 11–15, 0.2mm; 16, 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">16</figureCitation>
|
||
); palpal embolus strongly curved and L-shaped in prolateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFB4312F7FAE1F0D6" box="[1213,1296,954,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–9" captionStartId="3.[151,272,1733,1757]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,213,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-175@3.[151,1436,194,1711]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1–9. Pronoides brunneus Schenkel, 1936, 1–4, female. 1. Body, dorsal; 2. Epigynum, ventral; 3. Vulva, dorsal; 4. Cephalic region, frontal; 5–9, male. 5. Endites, labium and coxa I, ventral; 6. Femur I, prolateral; 7. Left male palp, expanded; 8. Same, retrolateral; 9. Same, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 1, 1.0mm; 2–3, 7–9, 0.2mm; 4, 6, 0.5mm; 5, 0.25mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304591" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304591/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1358E1C8FFE0FFFDFAE212F7FACDF0D6" box="[1308,1340,954,980]" captionStart="FIGURES 10–16" captionStartId="5.[151,272,1915,1939]" captionTargetBox="[158,1435,285,1880]" captionTargetId="figure-118@5.[151,1436,269,1895]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 10–16. Pronoides sutaiensis n. sp., 10–12, female. 10. Body, dorsal; 11. Epigynum, ventral; 12. Vulva, dorsal; 13–16, male. 13. Left male palp, prolateral; 14. Same, expanded; 15. Same, retrolateral; 16. Femur I, prolateral. C = conductor; E = embolus; M = median apophysis; TA = terminal apophysis. Scale bars: 10, 1.0mm; 11–15, 0.2mm; 16, 0.5mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5304593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5304593/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B12ADFDDEF78D" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF3B12ADFECEF0FB" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[197,319,992,1017]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF3B12ADFECEF0FB" box="[197,319,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE1E12ADFCEAF0F8" authority="Keyserling, 1881" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1881" box="[480,795,992,1018]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE1E12ADFDB5F0FB" box="[480,580,992,1017]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronous</emphasis>
|
||
Keyserling,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B50A8FFE0FFFDFD1E12ADFCEAF0F8" box="[736,795,992,1018]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.77774" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1881.0">1881</quantity>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the arrangement of eyes, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: the PMEs are far from the PLEs, while the PMEs are near to PLEs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF4B1567FEE6F741" authorityName="Keyserling" authorityYear="1881" box="[181,279,1066,1091]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF4B1567FEE6F741" box="[181,279,1066,1091]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronous</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFED81567FE26F746" author="Schenkel, E." box="[294,471,1066,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref4966" refString="Schenkel, E. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Araneae gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Exped. Arkiv For Zoology, 29 (A 1), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1936">Schenkel 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFE1D1567FDAEF746" author="Levi, H. W." box="[483,607,1066,1092]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="153 - 213" refId="ref4706" refString="Levi, H. W. (1995) Orb-weaving spiders Actinosoma, Spilasma, Micrepeira, Pronous, and four new genera (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 154, 153 - 213." type="journal article" year="1995">Levi 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the fourth legs are shorter than the first legs, while the fourth legs are longer than the first legs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE12151DFD1EF768" authority="(Levi 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[492,751,1104,1130]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE12151DFDA0F76B" box="[492,593,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFD9D151DFD17F768" author="Levi, H. W." box="[611,742,1104,1130]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="153 - 213" refId="ref4706" refString="Levi, H. W. (1995) Orb-weaving spiders Actinosoma, Spilasma, Micrepeira, Pronous, and four new genera (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 154, 153 - 213." type="journal article" year="1995">Levi 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; epigynum with scape, while a scape is absent from the epigynum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFECD1538FDDAF78D" authority="(Levi 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Levi" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[307,555,1141,1167]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronous" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFECD1538FE64F78C" box="[307,405,1141,1166]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronous</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFE5B1538FDD3F78D" author="Levi, H. W." box="[421,546,1141,1167]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="153 - 213" refId="ref4706" refString="Levi, H. W. (1995) Orb-weaving spiders Actinosoma, Spilasma, Micrepeira, Pronous, and four new genera (Araneae: Araneidae). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 154, 153 - 213." type="journal article" year="1995">Levi 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B15D6FD9CF626" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF3B15D6FECDF7B6" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[197,316,1179,1204]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF3B15D6FECDF7B6" box="[197,316,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE2615D6FD1DF7B6" authority="Thorell, 1890" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[472,748,1178,1204]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE2615D6FDB4F7B6" box="[472,581,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFDB315D7FD1DF7B6" author="Thorell, T." box="[589,748,1178,1204]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 419" refId="ref5227" refString="Thorell, T. (1890) Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. IV; 1. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 28, 1 - 419." type="journal article" year="1890">
|
||
Thorell,
|
||
<quantity id="4C9B50A8FFE0FFFDFD4C15D7FD1DF7B6" box="[690,748,1178,1204]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8006" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="in" value="1890.0">1890</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in body shape, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: abdomen longer than wide, while abdomen wider than long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFB49158DFAD4F7DB" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[1207,1317,1216,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFB49158DFAD4F7DB" box="[1207,1317,1216,1241]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; epigynal scape longer than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE4215A8FDD8F7FC" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[444,553,1253,1278]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE4215A8FDD8F7FC" box="[444,553,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; male femora I with more than six prolateral macrosetae, while with two or three prolateral macrosetae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE041446FD96F626" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[506,615,1291,1316]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE041446FD96F626" box="[506,615,1291,1316]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C379AEC6FFE0FFFDFF3B1462FD99F49D" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B1462FD65F506" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF3B1462FE91F64B" bold="true" box="[197,352,1327,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace yellow brown, pear-shaped, longer than wide. Cephalic region raised. Both eye rows recurved, posterior eye row wider than anterior one. MOA trapezoidal, wider than long, narrower in front than in back; PMEs largest. Clypeal height is larger than AME diameter. Labium wider than long. Sternum shield-shaped, longer than wide. Legs strong, with a few macrosetae. Leg formula: 1243. Abdomen longer than wide, with a pair of anterior humps dorsally in females. Epigynal scape short and ligulate. Spermathecae one pair, large and spherical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B175DFBB9F54D" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Male smaller, abdominal dorsum lacking a pair of anterior humps. Palpal patella with two long macrosetae; conductor membranous, median apophysis large, with a distal hook.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B1717FD22F598" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF3B1717FE9AF576" bold="true" box="[197,363,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Composition.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE0B1716FD9DF576" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[501,620,1627,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE0B1716FD9DF576" box="[501,620,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprises two species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFC741716FB21F576" authority="Schenkel, 1936" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[906,1232,1626,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFC741716FBE5F576" box="[906,1044,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. brunneus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFBE21717FB21F576" author="Schenkel, E." box="[1052,1232,1626,1652]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 314" refId="ref4966" refString="Schenkel, E. (1936) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, unter Leitung von Dr Sven Hedin und Prof. Su Ping-chang. Araneae gesammelt vom schwedischen Artz der Exped. Arkiv For Zoology, 29 (A 1), 1 - 314." type="journal article" year="1936">Schenkel, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFAF51716FA6DF576" authority="Zhang & Zhang & Zhu, 2010" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Zhu" authorityYear="2010" box="[1291,1436,1627,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sutaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFAF51716FA6DF576" box="[1291,1436,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">P. sutaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF691732FF28F59B" bold="true" box="[151,217,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2249C24FFE0FFFDFF691732FF28F59B" box="[151,217,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, both distributed in the eastern Palaearctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BDCFD4DFFE0FFFDFF3B17E8FD99F49D" blockId="1.[151,1436,842,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFF3B17E8FCBBF5BD" authority="Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006" authorityName="Song, Zhang & Zhu" authorityYear="2006" box="[197,842,1701,1727]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampliabdominis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFF3B17E8FDF4F5BC" box="[197,517,1701,1726]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides ampliabdominis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFDF017E8FCBBF5BD" author="Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. & Zhu, M. S." box="[526,842,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="656 - 690" refId="ref5096" refString="Song, D. X., Zhang, J. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2006) Araneae. In Li, Z. Z. & Jin, D. C. (eds.), Insects from Fanjingshan Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 656 - 690." type="book chapter" year="2006">Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described based on a single female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D843EFFFE0FFFDFACD17E8FA6AF5BD" box="[1331,1435,1701,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collected from Fanjing Mountains,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A733AFFFE0FFFDFDB71787FCDBF5E6" box="[585,810,1738,1764]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F374BDDDFFE0FFFDFCC61787FC75F5E6" box="[824,900,1738,1764]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
. To date, no male has been found. After reexamining the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54D843EFFFE0FFFDFE5617BDFDE3F408" box="[424,530,1776,1802]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(deposited in MHBU,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A733AFFFE0FFFDFCD217BDFC1FF408" box="[812,1006,1776,1802]" country="China" name="Hebei" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Hebei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
), we found its abdomen wider than long, a short epigynal scape with lateral rim, and in particular, legs I and II with extremely long prolateral tarsal claws. All of these characters conform to the diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFC451676FBDCF456" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[955,1069,1851,1876]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFC451676FBDCF456" box="[955,1069,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFB901676FB1AF456" authorityName="Schenkel" authorityYear="1936" box="[1134,1259,1851,1876]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Pronoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFB901676FB1AF456" box="[1134,1259,1851,1876]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Pronoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We therefore transfer this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFE53162DFDEDF47B" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[429,540,1888,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFE53162DFDEDF47B" box="[429,540,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and form a new combination,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6386CEFFE0FFFDFC66162DFEE8F49D" authority="(Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006)" authorityName="Zhang & Zhang & Zhu" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Song, Zhang & Zhu" baseAuthorityYear="2006" class="Arachnida" family="Araneidae" genus="Cnodalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ampliabdominis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFC66162DFB20F47B" box="[920,1233,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Cnodalia ampliabdominis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF280BCFFE0FFFDFB1C162DFEE0F49D" author="Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. & Zhu, M. S." pageId="1" pageNumber="60" pagination="656 - 690" refId="ref5096" refString="Song, D. X., Zhang, J. X. & Zhu, M. S. (2006) Araneae. In Li, Z. Z. & Jin, D. C. (eds.), Insects from Fanjingshan Landscape. Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House, Guiyang, pp. 656 - 690." type="book chapter" year="2006">Song, Zhang & Zhu, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B917215FFFE0FFFDFEDE16C8FE5CF49D" bold="true" box="[288,429,1925,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2249C24FFE0FFFDFEDE16C8FE56F49D" box="[288,423,1925,1951]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">new comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see note below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |