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<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494315" ID-ISSN="1982-0224" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494315" approvalRequired="17" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="12" approvalRequired_for_treatments="5" checkinTime="1630369566044" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Menezes, Naércio A." docDate="2006" docId="03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21" docLanguage="en" docName="NeotropIchthyol.2006.38.pdf" docOrigin="Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (4)" docSource="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en" docStyle="DocumentStyle:85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5.4:NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleId="85A40B78B715C4497F837D9D78407CE5" docStyleName="NeotropIchthyol.2003-2013.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Acestrocephalus maculosus Menezes 2006, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="394" masterDocId="FF8C262626745A428D19FFEA4E3DFFB1" masterDocTitle="Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)" masterLastPageNumber="400" masterPageNumber="385" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" updateTime="1651004225761" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Description of five new species of Acestrocephalus Eigenmann and redescription of A. sardina and A. boehlkei (Characiformes: Characidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Menezes, Naércio A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Neotropical Ichthyology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2006-12-31</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>385</mods:start>
<mods:end>400</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S1679-62252006000400002&amp;lng=en&amp;tlng=en</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1590/S1679-62252006000400002</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1982-0224</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5418787</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6494315" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6494315" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="393" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[255,704,833,889]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,704,833,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName authority="Menezes, 2006" authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[255,561,833,857]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[255,561,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Acestrocephalus maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[574,704,834,857]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<figureCitation box="[445,514,866,889]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[158,196,733,756]" captionTargetBox="[161,1484,191,717]" captionTargetId="figure-440@8.[161,1484,191,717]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 10. Acestrocephalus maculosus, MZUSP 53974, holotype, 79 mm SL, immature female, córrego Água Parada, rio Tocantins drainage." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418807/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Fig.10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="393" startId="8.[839,903,832,855]">
<paragraph blockId="8.[839,1482,831,983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[839,947,832,855]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Table 10.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<emphasis box="[1169,1482,831,855]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1169,1478,831,855]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">Acestrocephalus maculosus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Standard length is expressed in mm; measurements through head are percentages of standard length; last four entries are percentages of head length. Specimens are from: MZUSP 53974, 90162, MNRJ 12714, 12657.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="393" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,802,929,1210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1996-05" collectionCode="T" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" location="Peixe" municipality="Agua Parada" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" specimenCode="MZUSP 53974, 79" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,259,929,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<typeStatus box="[158,255,929,950]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[267,419,929,950]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">MZUSP 53974</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[432,456,929,950]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">79</specimenCode>
mm SL, immature female,
<collectingCountry box="[735,797,929,950]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[158,219,958,979]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Goiás</collectingRegion>
:
<collectingCounty box="[231,308,958,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Minaçu</collectingCounty>
, córrego
<collectingMunicipality box="[405,535,958,979]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Água Parada</collectingMunicipality>
, tributary of rio do
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21:8EC3B993267C5A4A8FFCFC544D23FC62" box="[741,798,958,979]" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" municipality="Agua Parada" name="Peixe" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="Goias">Peixe</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21:8EC3B993267C5A4A8D87FC314F11FC41" box="[158,300,987,1008]" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" municipality="Agua Parada" name="Serra da Mesa" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="Goias">Serra da Mesa</location>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21:8EC3B993267C5A4A8C2FFC314F41FC41" box="[310,380,987,1008]" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" municipality="Agua Parada" name="Miguel" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="Goias">Miguel</location>
<collectionCode box="[387,403,987,1008]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">T</collectionCode>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21:8EC3B993267C5A4A8C85FC314C3DFC41" box="[412,512,987,1008]" country="Brazil" county="Minacu" municipality="Agua Parada" name="Rodrigues" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="Goias">Rodrigues</location>
et al.,
<date box="[579,681,987,1008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1996-05">
<collectingDate box="[579,681,987,1008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1996-05">May 1996</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<table box="[842,1479,1006,1541]" gridcols="6" gridrows="22" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" rowsContinueIn="10.[164,795,1444,1979]">
<tr box="[842,1479,1006,1025]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1006,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Characters</th>
<th box="[1180,1257,1006,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Holotype</th>
<th box="[1269,1284,1006,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">N</th>
<th box="[1296,1379,1006,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Range</th>
<th box="[1392,1479,1006,1025]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Mean SD</th>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1031,1050]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th box="[842,1140,1031,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Standard length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1031,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">79.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1031,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1031,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">42.3-79.0</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1056,1075]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1056,1075]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Body depth</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1056,1075]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">29.7</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1056,1075]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1056,1075]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">27.2-29.7</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1056,1075]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">28.4</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1056,1075]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1080,1099]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1080,1099]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Snout to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1080,1099]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">54.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1080,1099]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1080,1099]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">52.7-55.5</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1080,1099]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">54.4</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1080,1099]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1105,1124]" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1105,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Snout to pectoral-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1105,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">31.6</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1105,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1105,1124]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">31.3-32.1</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1105,1124]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">31.4</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1105,1124]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.1</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1129,1148]" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1129,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Snout to pelvic-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1129,1148]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">46.3</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1129,1148]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1129,1148]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">45.4-46.3</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1129,1148]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">46.0</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1129,1148]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1154,1173]" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1154,1173]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Snout to anal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1154,1173]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">61.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1154,1173]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1154,1173]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">59.3-61.4</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1154,1173]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">60.3</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1154,1173]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.8</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1178,1197]" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1178,1197]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Caudal peduncle depth</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1178,1197]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">8.8</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1178,1197]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1178,1197]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">8.0-9.3</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1178,1197]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">8.7</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1178,1197]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1203,1222]" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1203,1222]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Caudal peduncle length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1203,1222]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">11.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1203,1222]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1203,1222]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">11.0-12.5</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1203,1222]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">11.6</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1203,1222]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1227,1246]" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1227,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Pectoral-fin length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1227,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">17.3</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1227,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1227,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">17.2-18.5</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1227,1246]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">17.7</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1227,1246]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1252,1271]" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1252,1271]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Pelvic-fin length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1252,1271]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">15.2</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1252,1271]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1252,1271]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">15.2-16.7</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1252,1271]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">15.7</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1252,1271]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1276,1295]" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1276,1295]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Dorsal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1276,1295]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">12.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1276,1295]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1276,1295]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">11.3-12.5</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1276,1295]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">12.0</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1276,1295]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.4</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1301,1320]" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1301,1320]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Dorsal-fin height</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1301,1320]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">25.3</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1301,1320]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1301,1320]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">24.3-26.2</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1301,1320]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">25.1</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1301,1320]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1326,1345]" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1326,1345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Anal-fin base length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1326,1345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">30.7</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1326,1345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1326,1345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">30.7-33.7</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1326,1345]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">31.6</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1326,1345]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1350,1369]" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1350,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Anal-fin height</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1350,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">16.9</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1350,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1350,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">16.3-19.6</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1350,1369]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">18.0</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1350,1369]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1374,1393]" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1374,1393]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Eye to dorsal-fin origin</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1374,1393]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">38.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1374,1393]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1374,1393]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">37.5-38.8</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1374,1393]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">38.2</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1374,1393]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.5</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1399,1418]" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1399,1418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Dorsal-fin origin to caudal-fin base</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1399,1418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">50.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1399,1418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1399,1418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">47.7-51.3</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1399,1418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">49.5</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1399,1418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1424,1443]" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1424,1443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Head length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1424,1443]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">33.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1424,1443]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1424,1443]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">31.5-33.1</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1424,1443]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">32.7</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1424,1443]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1448,1467]" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1448,1467]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Horizontal eye diameter</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1448,1467]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">29.6</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1448,1467]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1448,1467]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">29.1-31.7</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1448,1467]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">30.5</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1448,1467]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1473,1492]" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1473,1492]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Snout length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1473,1492]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">28.0</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1473,1492]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1473,1492]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">27.7-28.8</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1473,1492]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">28.2</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1473,1492]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.2</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1497,1516]" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1497,1516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Least interorbital width</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1497,1516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">19.2</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1497,1516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1497,1516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">19.2-21.0</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1497,1516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">19.8</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1497,1516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr box="[842,1479,1522,1541]" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<th box="[842,1140,1522,1541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Upper jaw length</th>
<td box="[1180,1257,1522,1541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">65.4</td>
<td box="[1269,1284,1522,1541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">6</td>
<td box="[1296,1379,1522,1541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">63.5-66.4</td>
<td box="[1392,1435,1522,1541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">65.0</td>
<td box="[1452,1479,1522,1541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">0.9</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,802,929,1210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<materialsCitation box="[158,798,1016,1037]" collectionCode="MZUSP" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" specimenCode="MZUSP 90162, 1" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,268,1016,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<typeStatus box="[158,264,1016,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode box="[278,431,1016,1037]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">MZUSP 90162</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[444,456,1016,1037]" collectionCode="MZUSP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[471,543,1016,1037]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="72.0">72 mm</quantity>
SL, taken with
<typeStatus box="[709,798,1016,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">holotype</typeStatus>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1985-10-17" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="G. W. Nunan &amp; D. F. Moraes Jr." country="Brazil" location="rio Palmeira" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" specimenCode="MNRJ 12714, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Goias" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[158,291,1045,1066]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">MNRJ 12714</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[300,312,1045,1066]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[323,409,1045,1066]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2299999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="42.3">42.3 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry box="[453,515,1045,1066]" name="Brazil" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[524,585,1045,1066]" country="Brazil" name="Goias" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Goiás</collectingRegion>
: Uruaçu,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B55E5E267C5A4B8DE6FCAB4AD7FC21:8EC3B993267C5A4A8FBDFBFF4D20FB9B" box="[676,797,1045,1066]" country="Brazil" name="rio Palmeira" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" stateProvince="Goias">rio Palmeira</location>
, left bank tributary of rio
<collectingRegion box="[420,522,1073,1094]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
, upper rio
<collectingRegion box="[637,732,1073,1094]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
basin,
<collectorName box="[158,277,1102,1123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">G.W. Nunan</collectorName>
and
<collectorName box="[324,476,1102,1123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">D.F. Moraes Jr.</collectorName>
,
<date box="[486,653,1102,1123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1985-10-17">
<collectingDate box="[486,653,1102,1123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1985-10-17">17 October 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1985-10-08" collectionCode="MNRJ" collectorName="G. W. Nunan &amp; D. F. Moraes Jr" country="Brazil" location="Maranhao" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" specimenCode="MNRJ 12657, 3" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maranhao" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode box="[663,797,1102,1123]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">MNRJ 12657</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode box="[158,171,1131,1152]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">3</specimenCode>
,
<quantity box="[182,282,1131,1152]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="4.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="53.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="44.0">44-62 mm</quantity>
SL, Niquelândia: rio do Peixe, right bank tributary of rio
<collectingRegion box="[192,293,1160,1181]" country="Brazil" name="Maranhao" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Maranhão</collectingRegion>
, upper
<collectingRegion box="[365,459,1160,1181]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
basin,
<collectorName box="[530,648,1160,1181]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">G.W. Nunan</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName pageId="8" pageNumber="393">D.F. Moraes Jr</collectorName>
,
<date box="[189,357,1189,1210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1985-10-08">
<collectingDate box="[189,357,1189,1210]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" value="1985-10-08">08 October 1985</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="393" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,801,1249,1753]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,276,1249,1273]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[283,582,1249,1273]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis box="[283,582,1249,1273]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Acestrocephalus maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a dark blotch at the humeral region, a character shared only with
<taxonomicName box="[680,800,1281,1305]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehlkei">
<emphasis box="[680,800,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. boehlkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[204,338,1313,1337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
<emphasis box="[204,338,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. stigmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In the diagnosis of
<taxonomicName box="[562,684,1313,1337]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boehlkei">
<emphasis box="[562,684,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. boehlkei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the differences among these species are discussed.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Acestrocephalus maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be easily distinguished from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[634,767,1377,1401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
<emphasis box="[634,767,1377,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. stigmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the number of anal-fin rays (25-27
<emphasis box="[517,539,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">vs</emphasis>
29-31), and total number of gill-rakers (7-8
<emphasis box="[361,383,1442,1465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">vs</emphasis>
5-6). See
<tableCitation box="[498,589,1442,1465]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="6.[839,902,208,231]" captionText="Table 4. Frequency distribution of branched anal-fin rays in the species of Acestrocephalus." pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Tables 4</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation box="[644,660,1442,1465]" captionStart="Table 9" captionStartId="7.[831,894,1662,1685]" captionText="Table 9. Frequency distribution of total number of gill rakers in the species of Acestrocephalus." pageId="8" pageNumber="393">9</tableCitation>
. The general structure of the pseudotympanum of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[557,701,1473,1497]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis box="[557,701,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[716,793,1474,1497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
) is quite peculiar and different from that of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[611,743,1505,1529]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
<emphasis box="[611,743,1505,1529]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. stigmatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Fig. 5d</figureCitation>
) and all the other species of
<taxonomicName box="[509,687,1537,1561]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[509,687,1537,1561]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined (
<figureCitation box="[166,384,1570,1593]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Figs. 5a, b, e, f and g</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[429,569,1569,1593]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis box="[429,569,1569,1593]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the muscular hiatus is very reduced as the result of the great development of the
<emphasis box="[158,368,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">obliquus superioris</emphasis>
muscle covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder. As a consequence, the opening anterior to first pleural rib, this and the second pleural rib as well as the
<emphasis box="[158,359,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">obliquus inferioris</emphasis>
muscle are not visible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,802,1794,1977]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[158,299,1794,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometrics of
<typeStatus box="[504,598,1794,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus box="[649,752,1794,1817]" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">paratypes</typeStatus>
presented in table 10. Body relatively small (SL=
<quantity box="[653,789,1826,1849]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0649999999999995" metricValueMax="7.9" metricValueMin="4.2299999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="60.65" valueMax="79.0" valueMin="42.3">42.3-79 mm</quantity>
). Body form, dorsal and ventral body profiles, shape of snout and mouth and extension of maxilla as in
<taxonomicName box="[600,711,1889,1913]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[600,711,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[158,802,1794,1977]" lastBlockId="9.[151,794,737,1400]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="394" pageId="8" pageNumber="393">
Dorsal-fin rays ii,
<quantity box="[383,423,1922,1945]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="8" pageNumber="393" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
all specimens, n=6, including
<typeStatus pageId="8" pageNumber="393">holotype</typeStatus>
. Posterior most ray unbranched, n=6. Adipose fin present. Anal-fin rays iv,27 (iv or v, usually iv unbranched, branched rays mean=26.5, range 25-27, n=6, posterior ray split to its base and counted as 1). Moderately developed anterior anal-fin lobe including anterior unbranched rays and first 6-7 branched rays. No hooks on anterior rays of two sexually mature males (MZUSP 90162, 92 mm SL and MNRJ 12657, 62 mm SL). Pectoral-fin rays i,14 (anterior branched ray i, n=6) branched rays mean=14, range 13-15, n=6. Posterior tips of longest pectoral-fin rays reaching scarcely beyond pelvic-fin origin. Pelvic-fin rays i,7, n=6. No hooks on pelvic–fin rays of sexually mature males. Distal tips of longest pelvic-fin rays extending slightly beyond posterior border of anus, falling short of origin of anal fin. Principal caudal-fin ray count 10/9, n=6.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5418809" box="[151,1443,644,668]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418809/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="394" startId="9.[151,190,645,668]" targetBox="[151,1473,191,627]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1443,644,668]" box="[151,1443,644,668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,225,645,668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Fig. 11</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authority=", MNRJ" authorityName="MNRJ" box="[237,605,644,668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stigmatus">
<emphasis box="[237,522,644,668]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Acestrocephalus stigmatus</emphasis>
, MNRJ
</taxonomicName>
24997, paratype, 82 mm SL, mature female, rio das Mortes, rio Araguaia basin.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,794,737,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Lateral line complete, perforated scales 73 (mean=72.5, range 71-73, n=6. Scale rows above lateral line 14, n=6. Scale rows below lateral line 12, n=6. Scale rows around caudal peduncle 23, n=6.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,794,737,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
Shape, size and arrangement of premaxillary, maxillary and dentary teeth as in
<taxonomicName box="[352,464,960,984]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sardina">
<emphasis box="[352,464,960,984]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">A. sardina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Outer row small conical teeth on premaxilla 9 (mean=8.5, range 7-9, n=6). Maxillary teeth 35 (mean=37, range 35-40, n=6), possibly increasing in number with an increase in standard length although no clear evidence detected from data taken from
<typeStatus box="[564,610,1089,1112]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">type</typeStatus>
series. Posterior dentary teeth 24 (mean=25.5, range 35-40, n=6), also probably increasing in number ontogenetically. Inner row dentary teeth 12 (mean=12.8, range 12-14, n=6).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,794,737,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Vertebrae 41 (mean 40.2, range 39-41, n=6). Total number of gill-rakers on first gill-arch 7 (mean=7.5, range 7-8, n=6).</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,794,737,1400]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis box="[189,404,1280,1304]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Obliquus superioris</emphasis>
muscle greatly developed, reducing muscular hiatus of pseudotympanum to small slit and completely covering cavity anterior to first pleural rib, this, second pleural rib and
<emphasis box="[357,557,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">obliquus inferioris</emphasis>
muscle (
<figureCitation box="[652,730,1377,1400]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[158,196,664,687]" captionTargetBox="[178,1468,197,653]" captionTargetId="figure-228@4.[158,1482,191,663]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig. 5. Schematic drawings of external view of muscles covering the anterior portion of the swim bladder inA – Acestrocephalus sardina (MZUSP 29241); B – A. boehlkei (MZUSP 38699); C – A.maculosus (MNRJ 12657); D – A. stigmatus (MZUSP 10422); E – A. nigrifasciatus (MCP 30420); F – A. acutus (MNRJ 17612); G – A. pallidus (MZUSP 73471).Anterior towards left; 1 plr (first pleural rib); 2 plr (second pleural rib); os (obliquus superioris); ls (lateralis superficialis); oi (obliquus inferioris). Not drawn to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418799" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418799/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Fig. 5c</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,794,1441,1976]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,335,1441,1464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Body color light brown to pale yellow, head and trunk profusely covered with dark chromatophores. Chromatophores on head mostly concentrated dorsally, as well as snout, anterior border of lower jaw, maxilla, circumorbital bones and opercle. Dark chromatophores especially abundant along free edge of scales in both dorsal and anterior ventral parts of trunk. Dark irregularly shaped blotch at humeral region, slightly longer than deep. Dark lateral stripe extending from posterior part of humeral dark blotch to caudal peduncle joining oblong dark blotch at caudal-fin base, dark color extending to bases of middle caudal-fin rays. Lateral body stripe wider from dorsal-fin origin to adipose-fin origin, narrower from dorsal-fin origin anteriorly to humeral blotch and on caudal peduncle. Mental area of lower jaw with diffuse dark blotch. Dorsal-fin origin with black spot extending to base of first unbranched dorsal-fin ray. Fins pale with scattered dark chromatophores more abundant on dorsal and caudal fins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="394" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="9.[831,1474,728,784]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,974,728,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[978,1270,728,752]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="393" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[978,1155,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Acestrocephalus</emphasis>
maculosus
</taxonomicName>
is known only from tributaries of the upper
<collectingRegion box="[1081,1186,761,784]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation box="[1200,1265,761,784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="5.[831,870,571,594]" captionTargetBox="[831,1470,194,549]" captionTargetId="figure-823@5.[831,1474,194,549]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 8. Map of northern and central South America showing the geographic distribution of the species of Acestrocephalus. Some symbols may represent more than one locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5418803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5418803/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="394" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="9.[831,1474,824,912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[831,961,825,848]" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">Etymology.</emphasis>
The species name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Menezes" authorityYear="2006" box="[1166,1280,824,848]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Characidae" genus="Acestrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Characiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="394" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosus">
<emphasis box="[1166,1280,824,848]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="394">maculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, adjective, comes from Latin meaning spotted. It is in reference to the dark spots and stripes on the body of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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