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<mods:title id="4C50DFB6E55655E48A86942C020E5898">SEM study of species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Kirchenpaueriidae), with an annotated checklist of the species of the genus</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4F48A862E5278EB" ID-CoL="75D9P" authority="Hartlaub, 1904" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,576,151,178]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4F48A862E5278EB" bold="true" box="[151,576,151,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4F48A862D6E78E8" bold="true" box="[151,380,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5E08A892E5278EB" author="Hartlaub" box="[387,576,152,178]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899 (Zoologie), 7, 1 - 19, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1904">Hartlaub, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282B7C36D4F48ACF2EAC78AD" box="[151,702,222,244]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4F48ACF2E3878AD" authority="Hartlaub, 1904: 16" authorityName="Hartlaub" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,554,222,244]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Halopterididae" genus="Schizotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4F48ACF2D7678AD" box="[151,356,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Schizotricha bifurca</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D5098ACF2E3878AD" author="Hartlaub" box="[362,554,222,244]" page="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1904">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5098ACF2E1778AD" author="Hartlaub" box="[362,517,222,244]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899 (Zoologie), 7, 1 - 19, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1904">Hartlaub, 1904</bibRefCitation>
: 16
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, pl. 3 fig. 48.
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<paragraph id="8BD436D0282B7C36D4F48AEC2E817909" blockId="32.[151,1436,222,490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282B7C36D4F48AEC2E817909" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4F48AEC2D49794A" ID-CoL="75D9P" box="[151,347,253,275]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4F48AEC2D49794A" box="[151,347,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D5168AEC2E56794A" author="Stechow" box="[373,580,253,275]" page="852" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1919">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5168AEC2E1D794A" author="Stechow" box="[373,527,253,275]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der Hydroidenforschung. Munchener medizinischen Wochenschrift, 30, 852 - 853." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
: 852
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; 1920: 40 (32); Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D7E68AEF2FA7794A" box="[901,949,253,275]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">et al</emphasis>
., 1997: 345349, figs 1, 13a;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D0978AEF2DEE796B" author="Pena" page="179" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D0978AEF2DDA796B" author="Pena" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1998) Oswaldella vervoorti spec. nov. (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), a new benthic hydroid from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 232, 175 - 180." type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 179
</treatmentCitation>
; 1999: 214;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D6E28B0C2FE4796B" author="Pena" box="[641,1014,284,306]" page="36" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D6E28B0C2FDC796B" author="Pena" box="[641,974,284,306]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1998) On two new species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Bransfield Strait (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 20, 33 - 40. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 003000050273" type="journal article" year="1998">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1998</bibRefCitation>
: 36
</treatmentCitation>
; 2004: 816818, fig. 1;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D0968B0C2D9A7909" author="Pena" page="85" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D0968B0C2D707909" author="Pena" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Marques, A. C. (1999) Phylogenetic analysis of the Antarctic genus Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Hydrozoa, Leptomedusae, Kirchenpaueriidae). Contributions to Zoology, 68, 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="1999">Peña Cantero &amp; Marques, 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 85
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D5F08B2A2E9F7909" author="Pena" box="[403,653,314,336]" page="858" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5F08B2A2E4C7909" author="Pena" box="[403,606,314,336]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2012) Filling biodiversity gaps: benthic hydroids from the Bellingshausen Sea (Antarctica). Polar Biology, 35, 851 - 865. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 011 - 1130 - y" type="journal article" year="2012">Peña Cantero, 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 858
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7B11FE282B7C36D4F48B4B2E4679D7" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4A78B482D947936" ID-CoL="75D9P" box="[196,390,345,367]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4A78B482D947936" box="[196,390,345,367]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D5C38B4B2EE47936" author="Naumov" box="[416,758,345,367]" page="98" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5C38B4B2EDD7936" author="Naumov" box="[416,719,345,367]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Naumov, D. V. &amp; Stepanjants, S. D. (1962) Hydroida (Thecaphora) collected by the Soviet Antarctic Expedition on the M / V ' Ob' in antarctic and subantarctic waters. Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 1955 - 1958, 1, Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 1 (9), 68 - 106." type="journal article" year="1962">Naumov &amp; Stepanjants, 1962</bibRefCitation>
: 98
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D7628B482FF87936" author="Stepanjants" box="[769,1002,345,367]" page="112" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D7628B482FAA7936" author="Stepanjants" box="[769,952,345,367]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological Results of the Soviet Antarctic Expeditions, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), pp. 1 - 200, pls. 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants, 1979</bibRefCitation>
: 112
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 21 fig. 4;
<treatmentCitation id="0ACA10C1282B7C36D01A8B4829387936" author="Blanco" box="[1145,1322,345,367]" page="43" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D01A8B4829167936" author="Blanco" box="[1145,1284,345,367]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Blanco, O. M. (1984) Contribucion al conocimiento de hidrozoos antarticos y subantarticos. Contribuciones del Instituto antartico argentino, 294, 1 - 53, pls. 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1984">Blanco, 1984</bibRefCitation>
: 43
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 39 figs 89, 90, pl. 40 figs 9193, pl. 41 fig. 94.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282B7C36D4F48B86295779B3" blockId="32.[151,1436,222,490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
Not
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4A58B872D9979F5" ID-CoL="75D9P" box="[198,395,406,428]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bifurca">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4A58B872D9979F5" box="[198,395,406,428]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella bifurca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5C68B862E3F79F5" author="Totton" box="[421,557,406,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Totton, A. K. (1930) Coelenterata. Part V. Hydroida. Natural History Report, British Antarctic (' Terra Nova') Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 5 (5), 131 - 252, pls. 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1930">Totton, 1930</bibRefCitation>
: 208, fig. 50 (=
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D6BE8B8728E779F5" ID-CoL="6TCJN" authority="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1996" authorityName="Pena Cantero &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1996" box="[733,1269,406,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tottoni">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D6BE8B872F8E79F4" box="[733,924,406,429]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella tottoni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D7C58B8628E779F5" author="Pena" box="[934,1269,406,428]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1996) On two new species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919: O. terranovae spec. nov. and O. tottoni spec. nov. (Cnidaria Hydrozoa) (Notes on Antarctic hydroids, III). Zoologische Mededelingen, 70, 135 - 143." type="journal article" year="1996">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D1688B862CEF7992" author="Pena" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (1991) Hydrozoa Calyptoblastea del area del Arco de Escocia (Antartica) recogidos durante la campana ' Antartida 8611 '. Unpublished Tesis de Licenciatura, University of Valencia, Spain, 233, pls. 69." type="journal article" year="1991">Peña Cantero, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 175179, pl. 32;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5A18BA72F6A7992" author="Pena" box="[450,888,437,459]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Garcia Carrascosa, A. M. (1994) Hidrozoos de la campana ' Antartida 8611 '. In: Castellvi, J. (Ed.), Actas del Cuarto Simposio Espanol de Estudios Antarticos. CICYT, Madrid, pp. 117 - 140." type="book chapter" year="1994">Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 125126, fig. 8df; 1995: 101104, fig. 45AE (=
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D4A48BC52F2F79B3" ID-CoL="6TCJF" authority="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997" authorityName="Pena Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort" authorityYear="1997" box="[199,829,468,490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4A48BC52D9F79B3" box="[199,397,468,490]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Oswaldella grandis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D5F78BC42F2F79B3" author="Pena" box="[404,829,468,490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L., Svoboda, A. &amp; Vervoort, W. (1997) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from recent antarctic expeditions with R. V. ' Polarstern', with the description of eight new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 119, 339 - 388. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1997. tb 00140. x" type="journal article" year="1997">Peña Cantero, Svoboda &amp; Vervoort, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
);
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D72C8BC52FCF79B3" author="Millard" box="[847,989,468,490]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Millard, N. A. H. (1977) Hydroids from the Kerguelen and Crozet shelves, collected by the cruise MD. 03 of the Marion- Dufresne. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (1), 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1977">Millard, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 40, fig. 12ac (=?
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D0C28BC4290679B3" box="[1185,1300,469,490]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Ventromma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D0C28BC4290679B3" box="[1185,1300,469,490]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Ventromma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4F488072CE97A76" bold="true" box="[151,251,534,559]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Ecology.</emphasis>
Deep-water species, found at depths from
<quantity id="4C939B35282B7C36D68288062F947A77" box="[737,902,534,559]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.76" metricValueMax="16.1" metricValueMin="3.42" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" unit="m" value="976.0" valueMax="1610.0" valueMin="342.0">342 to 1610 m</quantity>
(
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).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D16E880729867A76" box="[1293,1428,534,559]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Gonothecae</emphasis>
: November (
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D578882B2DD37A0A" author="Hartlaub" box="[283,449,570,595]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899 (Zoologie), 7, 1 - 19, pls. 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="1904">Hartlaub 1904</bibRefCitation>
), January (
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) and February (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D081882D29007A0A" box="[1250,1298,570,595]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">et al</emphasis>
. 1997;
<bibRefCitation id="EFFA4B21282B7C36D106882A2DAB7A2E" author="Pena" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. &amp; Vervoort, W. (2004) Species of Oswaldella Stechow, 1919 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Kirchenpaueriidae) from US Antarctic expeditions, with the description of three new species. Journal of Natural History, 38, 805 - 861. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293021000045154" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero &amp; Vervoort 2004</bibRefCitation>
). Basibiont of other hydroids (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C371655B282B7C36D4A488932F287ABA" pageId="32" pageNumber="433" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BD436D0282B7C36D4A488932F287ABA" blockId="32.[151,1436,534,739]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D4A488932D727AC2" bold="true" box="[199,352,642,667]" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Distribution.</emphasis>
Circum-Antarctic (
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).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D7A98895286C7AC3" box="[970,1150,643,667]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
West
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D06A8892286C7AC3" box="[1033,1150,643,666]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="441" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282B7C36D06A8892286C7AC3" box="[1033,1150,643,666]" name="Antarctica" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: the Bellingshausen Sea (
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) and the Weddell Sea (Peña Cantero
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D69488B62F387AE6" box="[759,810,678,703]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">et al</emphasis>
. 1997).
<emphasis id="B91FEAC2282B7C36D7EF88B6282E7AE7" box="[908,1084,679,702]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">
East
<taxonomicName id="4C6B4D53282B7C36D7A488B6282E7AE7" box="[967,1084,679,702]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Kirchenpaueriidae" genus="Oswaldella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="441" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="F37C7640282B7C36D7A488B6282E7AE7" box="[967,1084,679,702]" name="Antarctica" pageId="32" pageNumber="433">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
: the Balleny Islands, the Ross Sea, and off Victoria Land (
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).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>