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<document id="744873FD70E0556EBA55F26E603D212E" ID-CLB-Dataset="21282" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2015.1091099" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a61c3d84-bf86-420e-b8f3-18fc805c901a" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990441" ID-ZooBank="FDF059DC-5D4C-4B85-80F5-841D020C307D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1597772103698" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Cupello, Mario &amp; Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z." docDate="2015" docId="039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.50.15-16.943-969.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 50" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Gromphas jardim Cupello" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="953" masterDocId="FFA2E979BC542A4D1709FFE4360EFFA2" masterDocTitle="A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)" masterLastPageNumber="969" masterPageNumber="943" pageNumber="946" updateTime="1698844722418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="03D3C8D5EC2C146F14D56E5F2A9D85EE">A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brullé, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="78E6E0F21C7D890CE6DE05E131C8BCA1">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E553B8D1B50DCB63DD6BF6801F1C7189">Departamento de Entomologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E24DBF27F28D4B6AB81FCA2D78FCE53E">Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6F2CF0EF4292EA286D27BDE27AB6F79E">Departamento de Biologia e Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil; &amp; Fellow of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC572A4E165CFB68349EFB07" ID-CoL="6KSH6" authority="Cupello" authorityName="Cupello" box="[341,656,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E165CFB683423FB07" bold="true" box="[341,557,1164,1189]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" reason="3">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
Cupello
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and Vaz-de-Mello sp. nov.
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<heading id="D0C5977BBC572A4E154CFB4B34D0FB6A" box="[581,734,1198,1224]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" reason="2">
(
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC572A4E1544FB4B34D8FB6A" box="[589,726,1198,1224]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStart-6="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionStartId-1="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionStartId-2="5.[160,225,1589,1612]" captionStartId-3="6.[160,225,837,860]" captionStartId-4="10.[160,225,1281,1304]" captionStartId-5="16.[160,225,923,946]" captionStartId-6="17.[160,225,794,817]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1153,147,799]" captionTargetBox-4="[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetBox-5="[163,1153,142,892]" captionTargetBox-6="[163,1153,142,763]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[163,1153,142,806]" captionTargetId-4="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetId-5="figure@16.[163,1153,142,892]" captionTargetId-6="figure@17.[163,1153,142,763]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="10" captionTargetPageId-5="16" captionTargetPageId-6="17" captionText-0="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." captionText-1="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." captionText-2="Figure 3. Lateral view of pronotum. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (B) Gromphas amazonica. Note that the granulation extends much more posteriorly in G. jardim, reaching the pronotal posterior margin, than in G. amazonica, wherein the granulation is absent or rudimentary in posterolateral region after lateral fossa." captionText-3="Figure 4. Male paratype of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. and its labels (braces ‘{’ joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d’Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text)." captionText-4="Figure 5. Updated distribution of the six species of Gromphas." captionText-5="Figure 6. Phylogeny of Gromphas. Above: Cladogram showing the phylogenetic relationship of the species of Gromphas and the evolution of their characters. Black circles indicate uncontroverted synapormorphies; white circles with black margin, controverted synapomorphies; red circles, ambiguous uncontroverted synapomorphies; and white circles with red margin, ambiguous controverted synapomorphies. Below: Support values given for each clade are decay index (above branch) and bootstrap (below branch)." captionText-6="Figure 7. Metepisterna. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov.: gromphas is unique among the Phanaeini by not showing any trace of a metepisternal tab (MTab) covering the epipleural margin, a synapomorphy of this genus. (B) Oruscatus davus: Both species of Oruscatus have a small but evident MTab (indicated by red arrow). (C) Bolbites onitoides: The MTab of Bolbites is strongly developed and the dorsal margin of metepisternum is highly curved. This is the same form seen in the rest of Phanaeina and is a synapomorphy of this taxon. (D) Dichotomius fissus (Harold, 1867): MTab in a non-Phanaeini. This structure is present also in a series of other Coprini, as well as in at least some Oniticellini and Onitini." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990447" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990451" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990455" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990459" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3990447/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3990451/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3990455/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3990459/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">
Figures 1 
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7
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)
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<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17A9FB073782FB59" box="[160,396,1251,1275]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
: 
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, fig. 49,50; 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC572A4E1455FB0736D5FABC" author="Hamel-Leigue AC &amp; Herzog SK &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Larsen TH &amp; Gill BD &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Spector S" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref15324" refString="Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana. 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">Hamel-Leigue et al., 2009: 61</bibRefCitation>
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(part), 49 (part), fig. 14 (part), figs 27,28.
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<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17A9FACD379AFAE3" box="[160,404,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
: 
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(all the fifth paragraph of 
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Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion 
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section).
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: 
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<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC572A4E161EFA2D3774FA43" box="[279,378,1481,1505]" name="Bolivia" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">BOLÍVIA</collectingCountry>
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: 
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: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9BA6DBC572A4E16C7FA2D3414FA43" box="[462,538,1481,1505]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Moxos</collectingMunicipality>
, 
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15°08 
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S, 65°18 
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W
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, 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1367FA2D36E6F9A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">C. Hamel</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1617FA0F379BF9A1" box="[286,405,1515,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">T. Vidaurre</collectorName>
cols. 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E16D9FA0F37D3F9A1" box="[464,477,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">–</emphasis>
male (
<collectionCode id="ED23B8D2BC572A4E152CFA0F348BF9A1" box="[549,645,1515,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">OUMNH</collectionCode>
) [
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E159EFA0F34AEF9A1" box="[663,672,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">“</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC572A4E15A8FA0F34F3F9A1" box="[673,765,1515,1539]" country="Bolivia" name="BOLIVIA" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">BOLIVIA</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E140CFA0F3536F9A1" box="[773,824,1515,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Beni</collectorName>
, Rio Ichiguita, 
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC572A4E14DCFA0F322FF9A1" box="[981,1057,1515,1539]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" type="generic">
<quantity id="4CCA8DF2BC572A4E14DCFA0F3210F9A1" box="[981,1054,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" unit="m" value="155.0">
<elevation id="001FC724BC572A4E14DCFA0F3210F9A1" box="[981,1054,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</elevation>
</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0646D0BC572A4E1322FA0F36F5F984" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" precision="925" value="-15.133333">
15º08 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E1362FA0F327FF9A1" bold="true" box="[1131,1137,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">ʹ</emphasis>
S 65º18 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17E9F9EA36E8F984" bold="true" box="[224,230,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">ʹ</emphasis>
O
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8C06D7BC572A4E160FF9EA377CF984" box="[262,370,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" value="2005-05-20">
<collectingDate id="EFC8FF3FBC572A4E160FF9EA377CF984" box="[262,370,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" value="2005-05-20">20.v.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1677F9EA3418F984" box="[382,534,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Sabana. Trap.</collectorName>
cebo heces humano. prep./col.: 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1481F9EA35FEF984" box="[904,1008,1550,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">C. Hamel</collectorName>
, T. Vidaurre 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E137DF9EA3273F984" box="[1140,1149,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">”</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17A9F9D536A7F9EB" box="[160,169,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">“</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC572A4E17A0F9D53434F9EB" authority="Brulle, 1834" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1834" box="[169,570,1585,1609]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17A0F9D53793F9EB" box="[169,413,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Gromphas lacordairei</emphasis>
Brullé, 1834
</taxonomicName>
det. 
<determinerName id="7E51CCD3BC572A4E158CF9D5352EF9EB" box="[645,800,1585,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">A. C. Hamel.</determinerName>
OUMNH-2006-097 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E14F2F9D5320AF9EB" box="[1019,1028,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">”</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E1312F9D5322AF9EB" box="[1051,1060,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">“</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E132DF9D53258F9EB" box="[1060,1110,1585,1609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Trap</collectorName>
7 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E137DF9D53273F9EB" box="[1140,1149,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">”</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17A9F9B736A7F9C9" box="[160,169,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">“</emphasis>
HOLOTIPO 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E1629F9B73727F9C9" box="[288,297,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">”</emphasis>
, 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E1633F9B7374DF9C9" box="[314,323,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">“</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC572A4E164AF9B737CEF9C9" box="[323,448,1619,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC572A4E16C4F9B73480F9C9" box="[461,654,1619,1643]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E16C4F9B73480F9C9" box="[461,654,1619,1643]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275417EBC572A4E1590F9B734FAF9C9" box="[665,756,1619,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E15F4F9B7355DF9C9" box="[765,851,1619,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Cupello</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1470F9B73205F9C9" box="[889,1035,1619,1643]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Vaz-de-Mello</collectorName>
des. 2014 
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC572A4E17A9F99236BAF92C" box="[160,180,1654,1678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E17BDF99236B3F92C" box="[180,189,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">”</emphasis>
] (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC572A4E17DDF9923775F92C" box="[212,379,1654,1678]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">
Figure 1A 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC572A4E1648F9923740F92C" box="[321,334,1654,1678]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">–</emphasis>
D, F
</figureCitation>
). 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC572A4E1699F99237F1F92C" box="[400,511,1654,1678]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946">Aedeagus</collectorName>
extracted and genital capsule glued in a triangular label and internal sac placed in a microvial with glycerine, all pinned with the 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC572A4E14D9F97D3239F913" box="[976,1079,1689,1713]" pageId="3" pageNumber="946" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D709FBC502A4917A9F9CE321CF9D9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="947" startId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" targetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC502A4917A9F9CE321CF9D9" blockId="4.[160,1157,1577,1659]" pageId="4" pageNumber="947">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC502A4917A9F9CE36F5F9E3" bold="true" box="[160,251,1578,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="947">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC502A49160DF9CD37A2F9E2" box="[260,428,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="947" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC502A49160DF9CD37A2F9E2" box="[260,428,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="947">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275417EBC502A4916BDF9CE340CF9E3" box="[436,514,1578,1601]" pageId="4" pageNumber="947" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC502A491517F9CD3425F9E2" box="[542,555,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="947">–</emphasis>
D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D709FBC512A4817A9FC413567FC55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" startId="5.[160,225,933,956]" targetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC512A4817A9FC413567FC55" blockId="5.[160,1156,932,1015]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A4817A9FC4136F4FC1E" bold="true" box="[160,250,933,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Protibia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC512A481678FC403417FC19" box="[369,537,932,955]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A481678FC403417FC19" box="[369,537,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275417EBC512A481516FC413463FC1E" box="[543,621,933,956]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D709FBC512A4817A9F9D13795F906" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990447/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" startId="5.[160,225,1589,1612]" targetBox="[163,1153,1108,1558]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC512A4817A9F9D13795F906" blockId="5.[160,1155,1588,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A4817A9F9D136F3F9EE" bold="true" box="[160,253,1589,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Lateral view of pronotum. (A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC512A481536F9D034E7F9E9" box="[575,745,1588,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A481536F9D034E7F9E9" box="[575,745,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275417EBC512A4815FAF9D1354DF9EE" box="[755,835,1589,1612]" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC512A481479F9D0324BF9E9" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[880,1093,1588,1611]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A481479F9D0324BF9E9" box="[880,1093,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">Gromphas amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Note that the granulation extends much more posteriorly in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC512A4815D2F9B63538F9CB" box="[731,822,1618,1641]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A4815D2F9B63538F9CB" box="[731,822,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching the pronotal posterior margin, than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC512A481641F98B37C0F924" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[328,462,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="948" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC512A481641F98B37C0F924" box="[328,462,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="948">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, wherein the granulation is absent or rudimentary in posterolateral region after lateral fossa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D709FBC522A4B17A9FCA1341FFC35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" startId="6.[160,225,837,860]" targetBox="[164,1153,147,799]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9FCA1341FFC35" blockId="6.[160,1156,836,919]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B17A9FCA136F5FCFE" bold="true" box="[160,251,837,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Male paratype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC522A4B16BCFCA03453FCF9" box="[437,605,836,859]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B16BCFCA03453FCF9" box="[437,605,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A275417EBC522A4B156DFCA134BCFCFE" box="[612,690,837,860]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and its labels (braces 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B149BFCA13599FCFE" box="[914,919,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">‘</emphasis>
{
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1497FCA135ADFCFE" box="[926,931,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">’</emphasis>
joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B146CFC863564FCDB" box="[869,874,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">’</emphasis>
Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9FC3536F0FB7E" blockId="6.[160,1156,977,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B17A9FC353583FC4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865440" box="[160,909,977,1001]" collectingDate="2008-10-10" collectorName="Caceres" country="Brazil" location="MATO GROSSO" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC522A4B17A9FC35371CFC4B" box="[160,274,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1617FC35377BFC4B" bold="true" box="[286,373,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC522A4B1617FC35377BFC4B" box="[286,373,977,1001]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC522A4B168CFC353436FC4B" box="[389,568,977,1001]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">MATO GROSSO</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B154DFC353491FC4B" box="[580,671,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Cáceres</collectorName>
, 
<date id="FF8C06D7BC522A4B15A2FC35357EFC4B" box="[683,880,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" value="2008-10-10">
<collectingDate id="EFC8FF3FBC522A4B15A2FC35357EFC4B" box="[683,880,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" value="2008-10-10">10 October 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, E
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B1485FC3535F5FC4B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865404" box="[908,1019,977,1001]" collectingDate="2008-10-10" collectorName="Silva" country="Brazil" isTailEnumeration="true" location="MATO GROSSO" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
. 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B1490FC3535C3FC4B" box="[921,973,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Silva</collectorName>
col
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B14F2FC35374AFB8C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865402" collectionCode="CEMT" country="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso" typeStatus="paratype">
. 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1301FC35321BFC4B" box="[1032,1045,977,1001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">–</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC522A4B1316FC35328DFC4B" box="[1055,1155,977,1001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23B8D2BC522A4B17ACFC1036E4FBAE" box="[165,234,1012,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">CEMT</collectionCode>
; specimen identified in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC522A4B1516FC1035A6FBAE" author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[543,936,1012,1036]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref14473" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa. 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 463 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1315FC173227FBA9" box="[1052,1065,1011,1035]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">–</emphasis>
464) as 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC522A4B17A9FBF23735FB8C" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[160,315,1046,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B17A9FBF23735FB8C" box="[160,315,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B165BFBF236F3FBF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865412" collectingDate="2005-05-19" country="Bolivia" elevation="155" latitude="-15.133333" location="Rio Ichiguita" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="-65.3" municipality="Moxos" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B165BFBF237B8FB8C" bold="true" box="[338,438,1046,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC522A4B165BFBF237B8FB8C" box="[338,438,1046,1070]" name="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">BOLÍVIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC522A4B16CFFBF237F3FB8C" box="[454,509,1046,1070]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">BENI</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9BA6DBC522A4B1503FBF23459FB8C" box="[522,599,1046,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Moxos</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EED76CCBC522A4B156DFBF234F9FB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC522A4B156DFBF234F9FB8C" box="[612,759,1046,1070]" country="Bolivia" latitude="-15.133333" longLatPrecision="1286" longitude="-65.3" municipality="Moxos" name="Rio Ichiguita" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" stateProvince="Beni">Río Ichiguita</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CCA8DF2BC522A4B140DFBF2355EFB8C" box="[772,848,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" unit="m" value="155.0">
<elevation id="001FC724BC522A4B140DFBF2355EFB8C" box="[772,848,1046,1070]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" unit="m" value="155.0">155 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0646D0BC522A4B1457FBF235BAFB8C" box="[862,948,1046,1070]" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" precision="925" value="-15.133333">
15°08 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1496FBF235ABFB8C" box="[927,933,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">’</emphasis>
S
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0646D0BC522A4B14C8FBF2322FFB8C" box="[961,1057,1046,1070]" degrees="65" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" precision="925" value="-65.3">
65°18 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B130BFBF23206FB8C" bold="true" box="[1026,1032,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">ʹ</emphasis>
W
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="FF8C06D7BC522A4B1327FBF236D4FBF3" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" value="2005-05-19">
<collectingDate id="EFC8FF3FBC522A4B1327FBF236D4FBF3" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" value="2005-05-19">19 May 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
, C
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B1606FBDD37BEFBF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865357" box="[271,432,1081,1105]" country="Bolivia" location="Hamel" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EED76CCBC522A4B1606FBDD3756FBF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC522A4B1606FBDD3756FBF3" box="[271,344,1081,1105]" country="Bolivia" name="Hamel" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" stateProvince="Beni">Hamel</location>
and T
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B16C8FBDD3450FBF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865382" box="[449,606,1081,1105]" country="Bolivia" location="Vidaurre" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="8EED76CCBC522A4B16C8FBDD342FFBF3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC522A4B16C8FBDD342FFBF3" box="[449,545,1081,1105]" country="Bolivia" name="Vidaurre" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" stateProvince="Beni">Vidaurre</location>
cols
</materialsCitation>
. 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1579FBDD3473FBF3" box="[624,637,1081,1105]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">–</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B1582FBDD328EFBF3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865318" box="[651,1152,1081,1105]" collectionCode="MNRJ, OUMNH" country="Bolivia" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC522A4B1582FBDD34FAFBF3" box="[651,756,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23B8D2BC522A4B1401FBDD3542FBF3" box="[776,844,1081,1105]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">MNRJ</collectionCode>
) and 
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC522A4B1493FBDD320DFBF3" box="[922,1027,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23B8D2BC522A4B131EFBDD3274FBF3" box="[1047,1146,1081,1105]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">OUMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC522A4B17A9FBB836F4FB7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865476" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Territory &amp; Yuracare &amp; Juacares Indians &amp; de Cochabamba &amp; Alcide &amp; Orbigny" country="Bolivia" location="Cortillera de Cochabamba" municipality="Cordillera de Cochabamba" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Cochabamba" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC522A4B17A9FBB83745FBD6" box="[160,331,1116,1140]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">COCHABAMBA</collectingRegion>
: 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B1652FBB837B2FBD6" box="[347,444,1116,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Territory</collectorName>
of the 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B1528FBB8348AFBD6" box="[545,644,1116,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Yuracaré</collectorName>
people (
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B15FFFBBF34F1FBD1" box="[758,767,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">“</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B1409FBB835CEFBD6" box="[768,960,1116,1140]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Juacares Indians</collectorName>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B14C9FBBF35C7FBD1" box="[960,969,1115,1139]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">”</emphasis>
), north side of the 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9BA6DBC522A4B17C6FB9A340FFB34" box="[207,513,1150,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
Cordillera 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B164CFB9A340FFB34" box="[325,513,1150,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">de Cochabamba</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
(
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B151BFB9A3415FB34" box="[530,539,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">“</emphasis>
<location id="8EED76CCBC522A4B1512FB9A3549FB34" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC522A4B1512FB9A3549FB34" box="[539,839,1150,1174]" country="Bolivia" municipality="Cordillera de Cochabamba" name="Cortillera de Cochabamba" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" stateProvince="Cochabamba">
Cortillera 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B1585FB9A3549FB34" box="[652,839,1150,1174]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">de Cochabamba</collectorName>
</location>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B144EFB9A355EFB34" box="[839,848,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">”</emphasis>
), without date and collector (probably collected by 
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B16D5FB45342CFB1B" box="[476,546,1185,1209]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Alcide</collectorName>
d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1535FB45344CFB1B" box="[572,578,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">’</emphasis>
<collectorName id="26C745C1BC522A4B154BFB453490FB1B" box="[578,670,1185,1209]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Orbigny</collectorName>
in 1832; see comments below) 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B1315FB453227FB1B" box="[1052,1065,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">–</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D34EB9EBC522A4B133DFB45328DFB1B" box="[1076,1155,1185,1209]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="ED23B8D2BC522A4B17AFFB2036FAFB7E" box="[166,244,1220,1244]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">BMNH</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328739CBC522A4B17A9FAF4347CFA74" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9FAF43713FA8B" blockId="6.[160,1156,1296,1494]" box="[160,285,1296,1321]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC522A4B17A9FAF43713FA8B" box="[160,285,1296,1321]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B17A9FAF43713FA8B" bold="true" box="[160,285,1296,1321]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" reason="3">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9FAD7347CFA74" blockId="6.[160,1156,1296,1494]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
The specific name, a noun in apposition, is a patronym honouring Arlindo da Silva Jardim (
<date id="FF8C06D7BC522A4B17F3FAB23774FACC" box="[250,378,1366,1390]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" value="1923" valueMax="2014">
1923 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B163BFAB23731FACC" box="[306,319,1366,1390]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">–</emphasis>
2014
</date>
), Brazilian aviator and grandfather of the first author. Having grown up in the small, rural village of Dom Viçoso, 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC522A4B15AFFA9D3537FA33" box="[678,825,1401,1425]" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
, Arlindo Jardim achieved his childhood dream and flew professionally worldwide for over four decades. He will remain as a source of inspiration for MC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328739CBC522A4417A9F9EE357AFB8E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="952" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9F9EE3728F981" blockId="6.[160,294,1546,1571]" box="[160,294,1546,1571]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC522A4B17A9F9EE3728F981" box="[160,294,1546,1571]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B17A9F9EE3728F981" bold="true" box="[160,294,1546,1571]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC522A4B17A9F9DB3546F91D" blockId="6.[160,1156,1599,1727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC522A4B17A9F9DB36E9F9F5" box="[160,231,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="949">Colour</emphasis>
. Anterior region of clypeus black; remainder of head and pronotum with dark olive green and copper metallic reflections. Elytra, metasternum, ventral surface of legs and pygidium dark olive green with metallic sheen and silky appearance. Ventrites entirely black or black with week metallic green reflections.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FF6A3215FEAC" blockId="7.[160,1155,142,270]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FF6A36D3FF04" box="[160,221,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Head.</emphasis>
Margin of clypeus with four lobes (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A156AFF6A34CBFF04" box="[611,709,142,166]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
) and distinctly upturned. Genae and frons completely granulate, including region adjacent to eyes (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1415FF55358DFF6B" box="[796,899,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
). Cephalic projection a raised carina with converging sides and emarginate apex in major specimens (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1302FF303279FF4E" box="[1035,1143,212,236]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 1G</figureCitation>
); apex narrower than distance between apices of apical lobes of clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A14A3FF123201FEAC" box="[938,1039,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FECA3733FE51" blockId="7.[160,1155,302,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FECA36FFFEE4" box="[160,241,302,326]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Thorax.</emphasis>
Pronotum convex; lateral region with dense granulation reaching the posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A160BFEB5377EFECB" box="[258,368,337,361]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral view of pronotum. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (B) Gromphas amazonica. Note that the granulation extends much more posteriorly in G. jardim, reaching the pronotal posterior margin, than in G. amazonica, wherein the granulation is absent or rudimentary in posterolateral region after lateral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990447/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
), density of granulation decreasing posteromedially; posteromedian region smooth or with strongly effaced granulation (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A140DFE973594FE29" box="[772,922,371,395]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figures 1A, E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A14A3FE9735B6FE29" box="[938,952,371,395]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[164,1153,147,799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1153,142,806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Male paratype of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. and its labels (braces ‘{’ joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d’Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">4</figureCitation>
); posterior fossae apparent only as two very shallow and sometimes only weakly indicated impressions removed from the pronotal posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A15A4FE5D352CFE73" box="[685,802,441,465]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figures 1E</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1439FE5D3530FE73" box="[816,830,441,465]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[164,1153,147,799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1153,142,806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Male paratype of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. and its labels (braces ‘{’ joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d’Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">4</figureCitation>
). Posterior margin of pronotum rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17C9FE1A34C8FDF9" blockId="7.[160,1155,302,603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Mesosternum with dense pilosity. Metasternum with fine and sparse punctation at centre. Anteromedian angle of metasternum convex and with globose apex; area in front of anteromedian angle with evident setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FD6535C6FC0C" blockId="7.[160,1157,641,1046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FD6536D7FD3B" box="[160,217,641,665]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Legs.</emphasis>
Protibia slightly narrower in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1451FD6535B6FD3B" box="[856,952,641,665]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 2</figureCitation>
); in ventral view, longitudinal carina simple in both sexes (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1583FD4734F2FD19" box="[650,764,675,699]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
). Space between protibial lateral teeth deeper in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A1589FD2234ECFD7C" box="[640,738,710,734]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Protibial spur with apex strongly expanded and curved downward (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A154CFD0D34A4FCA3" box="[581,682,745,769]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Inner apical angle of protibia with a tuft of setae longer and denser in males than in females; in males, tubercle of inner apical angle developed as a short and tapered spur independent of apical tuft of setae (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A17FAFCB53757FCCB" box="[243,345,849,873]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). Apical protarsomere with a long, distal spiniform prolongation. Mesotarsi and metatarsi with apical tarsomere slightly curved at apex. Metatibia very broad and robust. Metatibial spur with apex distinctly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FC5D320DFBB4" blockId="7.[160,1157,641,1046]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FC5D36D3FC73" box="[160,221,953,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Elytra</emphasis>
. Striae very fine and, especially striae 1 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A15BBFC5C34B1FC72" box="[690,703,952,976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">–</emphasis>
4, carinulate from base to half or apical two-thirds of elytra. Sutural margin glossy and only sparsely punctate; basal half of sutural margin with sheen extending laterally onto first or second interstria.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FBD23782FB31" blockId="7.[160,1155,1078,1171]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FBD23707FBEC" box="[160,265,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Abdomen</emphasis>
. Pygidium lacking basal margin and with irregular sculpture. Groove of propygidium extending to base of pygidium. Abdominal sternites microsculptured and sparsely punctuated.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FB573263FB4C" blockId="7.[160,1155,1203,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FB57371EFB69" box="[160,272,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Aedeagus.</emphasis>
Apex of phallobase, in ventral view, with membranous area expanded triangularly in the middle (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A16DAFB32344EFB4C" box="[467,576,1238,1262]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 1C</figureCitation>
). Medial sclerite only slightly curved, almost flat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FAC63576FA99" blockId="7.[160,1156,1314,1373]" box="[160,888,1314,1339]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC532A4A17A9FAC63576FA99" box="[160,888,1314,1339]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FAC63576FA99" bold="true" box="[160,888,1314,1339]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" reason="3">Measurements (four specimens: two males and two females)</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FAA1328AFAFF" blockId="7.[160,1156,1314,1373]" box="[160,1156,1349,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FAA136B2FAFF" bold="true" box="[160,188,1349,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">TL</emphasis>
: AV: 15.2; 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC532A4A1639FAA13759FAFF" box="[304,343,1349,1373]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">MX</collectingCountry>
: 16.3; MN: 13.9. 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A1502FAA13426FAFF" bold="true" box="[523,552,1349,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">PL</emphasis>
: AV: 12.3; 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC532A4A1595FAA134CDFAFF" box="[668,707,1349,1373]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">MX</collectingCountry>
: 13; MN: 11.7. 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A146DFAA13585FAFF" bold="true" box="[868,907,1349,1373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">PW</emphasis>
: AV: 8.5; 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC532A4A14F8FAA13216FAFF" box="[1009,1048,1349,1373]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">MX</collectingCountry>
: 9; MN: 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4A17A9FA7534ECFA08" blockId="7.[160,1157,1425,1727]" box="[160,738,1425,1450]" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC532A4A17A9FA7534ECFA08" box="[160,738,1425,1450]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9FA7534ECFA08" bold="true" box="[160,738,1425,1450]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" reason="3">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC532A4517A9FA51345CFD73" blockId="7.[160,1157,1425,1727]" lastBlockId="8.[160,1157,142,1726]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="951" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">
At a first glance, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4A1675FA5137E4FA6F" box="[380,490,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A1675FA5137E4FA6F" box="[380,490,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles superficially 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4A141AFA5135BBFA6F" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[787,949,1461,1485]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A141AFA5135BBFA6F" box="[787,949,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, to a lesser degree, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4A160EFA333770FA4D" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[263,382,1495,1519]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A160EFA333770FA4D" box="[263,382,1495,1519]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and, in fact, has been confused with these species both in collections and recent publications. Deposited at the BMNH, the oldest specimen known to us bears four labels with different identifications (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC532A4A149CF9F935F5F997" box="[917,1019,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[164,1153,147,799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1153,142,806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Male paratype of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. and its labels (braces ‘{’ joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d’Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">Figure 4</figureCitation>
): an older, which by the calligraphy we assign to Charles O. Waterhouse, former curator of entomology at the BMNH, has written 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A1561F986357DF9D8" box="[616,883,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">‘Gormphas amazonicus</emphasis>
Bates 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A14B3F98635CEF9D8" box="[954,960,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">’</emphasis>
, while the other two more modern labels identify that specimen, respectively, as 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4A14A6F9613243F93F" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[943,1101,1669,1693]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A14A6F9613243F93F" box="[943,1101,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17A9F94336A8F91D" box="[160,166,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">‘</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4A17AFF94337F9F91D" authority="Brulle, 1834" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1834" box="[166,503,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A17AFF9433745F91D" box="[166,331,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
Brullé, 1834
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A16FEF94337F3F91D" bold="true" box="[503,509,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">ʹ</emphasis>
, an unavailable name referring to 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC532A4514ECF9433764FF04" authority="Burmeister, 1874" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="951" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="950" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairii">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC532A4A14ECF943328DF91D" box="[997,1155,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="950">G. lacordairii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A4517A9FF6A3764FF04" author="Burmeister H" box="[160,362,142,166]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="120 - 133" refId="ref14332" refString="Burmeister H. 1874. Lamellicornia Argentina. Entomol Zeitung. 35: 120 - 133." type="journal article" year="1874">Burmeister, 1874</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45156FFF6A34D5FF04" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[614,731,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45156FFF6A34D5FF04" box="[614,731,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see more in Cupello and Vaz-de- Mello 2013). The fourth label has handwritten the word 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451437FF5535B4FF6B" box="[830,954,177,201]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">‘Coproides’</emphasis>
, but the remaining information is effaced and completely unreadable. d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451449FF373548FF49" box="[832,838,211,235]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">’</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A45144FFF303206FF4E" author="Olsoufieff G" box="[838,1032,211,236]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="4 - 201" refId="ref14554" refString="d ' Olsoufieff G. 1924. Les Phanaeides (Coleoptera - Lamellicornia), famille Scarabaeidae - tr. Coprini Insecta. 13: 4 - 201." type="journal article" year="1924">Olsoufieff (1924)</bibRefCitation>
examined a specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451669FF12340DFEAC" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[352,515,246,270]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451669FF12340DFEAC" box="[352,515,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Muséum national d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451452FF12356FFEAC" box="[859,865,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">’</emphasis>
Histoire naturelle, Paris, labelled 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451604FEFD378EFE93" box="[269,384,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">‘coproides</emphasis>
Dej. Cayenne (coll. Mniszech) 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4515F4FEFD350DFE93" box="[765,771,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">’</emphasis>
and probably the unavailable name 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517E5FEDF376BFEF1" box="[236,357,315,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">‘coproides’</emphasis>
was used before the description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451428FED835CEFEF6" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[801,960,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451428FED835CEFEF6" box="[801,960,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A4514F8FED8328AFEF6" author="Bates HW" box="[1009,1156,316,340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="173 - 180" refId="ref14066" refString="Bates HW. 1870. On a new genus and some new species of Copridae (Coleoptera-Lamellicornia). Trans R Entomol Soc Lond. 18: 173 - 180." type="journal article" year="1870">Bates (1870)</bibRefCitation>
as a name 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45162DFEBA3787FED4" box="[292,393,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">in litteris</emphasis>
to refer to this species. The three specimens found in OUMNH, in turn, including the 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5C2A4516A5FE653419FE3B" box="[428,535,385,409]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, are part of a large series of dung beetles recently collected in 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5C2A45163DFE40378FFE1E" box="[308,385,420,444]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and the basis for the works of 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A4515F4FE403223FE1E" author="Hamel-Leigue A &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Herzog SK" box="[765,1069,420,444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref15271" refString="Hamel-Leigue A, Mann DJ, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Herzog SK. 2006. Hacia um inventario de los escarbajos peloteros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Bolivia: primera compilacion de los generos y especies registrados para el pais. Rev Bol Ecol Conserv Amb. 20: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2006">Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A451334FE403278FE1E" author="Hamel-Leigue AC &amp; Herzog SK &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Larsen TH &amp; Gill BD &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Spector S" box="[1085,1142,420,444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref15324" refString="Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana. 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
); they were identified and illustrated in these publications as 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45148EFE223583FE7C" box="[903,909,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">‘</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451484FE223276FE7C" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1834" box="[909,1144,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451484FE223226FE7C" box="[909,1064,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
Brullé
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451371FE223270FE7C" box="[1144,1150,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">’</emphasis>
. The geographical distribution and probably the other information present for 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517A9FDEF36A8FD81" box="[160,166,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">‘</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517AFFDE83784FD86" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1834" box="[166,394,524,548]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lacordairei">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517AFFDE83730FD86" box="[166,318,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. lacordairei</emphasis>
Brullé
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451683FDEF379EFD81" box="[394,400,523,547]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">’</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A4516B1FDE834E8FD86" author="Hamel-Leigue A &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ &amp; Herzog SK" box="[440,742,524,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref15271" refString="Hamel-Leigue A, Mann DJ, Vaz-de-Mello FZ, Herzog SK. 2006. Hacia um inventario de los escarbajos peloteros (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) de Bolivia: primera compilacion de los generos y especies registrados para el pais. Rev Bol Ecol Conserv Amb. 20: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2006">Hamel-Leigue et al. (2006</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A4515FCFDE83520FD86" author="Hamel-Leigue AC &amp; Herzog SK &amp; Mann DJ &amp; Larsen TH &amp; Gill BD &amp; Edmonds WD &amp; Spector S" box="[757,814,524,548]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="43 - 95" refId="ref15324" refString="Hamel-Leigue AC, Herzog SK, Mann DJ, Larsen TH, Gill BD, Edmonds WD, Spector S. 2009. Distribucion e historia natural de escarabajos coprofagos de la tribu Phanaeini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) en Bolivia. Kempffiana. 5: 43 - 95." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
) have mixed data belonging in fact to 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45162DFDCA379CFDE4" box="[292,402,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45162DFDCA379CFDE4" box="[292,402,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4516D3FDCA345FFDE4" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[474,593,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4516D3FDCA345FFDE4" box="[474,593,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Similarly, as said in the Introduction of the present work, in 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5C2A45167AFDB5350EFDCB" author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[371,768,593,617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref14473" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa. 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello (2013)</bibRefCitation>
, we provisionally identified the specimen (now 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5C2A451656FD9737C6FD29" box="[351,456,627,651]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
) from Cáceres as a 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4515B1FD973559FD29" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[696,855,627,651]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4515B1FD973559FD29" box="[696,855,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Now, in possession of a greater number of specimens, the differences between 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45145BFD723244FD0C" box="[850,1098,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45145BFD7235CCFD0C" box="[850,962,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">G. jardim</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4514DDFD723244FD0C" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[980,1098,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517A9FD5D3731FD73" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[160,319,697,721]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517A9FD5D3731FD73" box="[160,319,697,721]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
became much clearer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5C2A4517C9FD3F327EFC61" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517C9FD3F3784FD51" box="[192,394,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517C9FD3F3784FD51" box="[192,394,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Gromphas jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares only with 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451562FD3F359DFD51" box="[619,915,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451562FD3F3503FD51" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[619,781,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">G. amazonica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451417FD3F359DFD51" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[798,915,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4514D1FD3F325FFD51" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[984,1105,731,755]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4514D1FD3F325FFD51" box="[984,1105,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the characters: genae and frons granulated adjacent to eyes (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A451478FD1A35EDFCB4" box="[881,995,766,790]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
), absence of pronotal prominence, protibiae narrower in males than in females (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A4514D3FCC53230FC9B" box="[986,1086,801,825]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 2</figureCitation>
), and protibial spur expanded at apex (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A45153CFCA73499FCF9" box="[565,663,835,859]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 2</figureCitation>
); only with 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451423FCA735C7FCF9" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[810,969,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451423FCA735C7FCF9" box="[810,969,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451303FCA7371FFCDC" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451303FCA73271FCF9" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[1034,1151,835,859]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517A9FC82371FFCDC" box="[160,273,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">G. jardim</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
shares the character margin of clypeus with four lobes (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A4514F6FC82327BFCDC" box="[1023,1141,870,894]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
). Probably this last characteristic, which is an apomorphy shared by them (see the phylogenetic analysis below), was the main cause for the past misidentifications.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5C2A4517C9FC2A34DFFB59" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
Yet 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517FBFC2A3751FC44" box="[242,351,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517FBFC2A3751FC44" box="[242,351,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily differentiated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4515CEFC2A3532FC44" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[711,828,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4515CEFC2A3532FC44" box="[711,828,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having metatibial spur distinctly curved apically (straight in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45157FFC1534E1FBAB" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[630,751,1009,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45157FFC1534E1FBAB" box="[630,751,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), posterior margin of pronotum rounded (projected at middle in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451541FBF734CFFB89" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[584,705,1043,1067]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451541FBF734CFFB89" box="[584,705,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), elytral striae carinulate (simple in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517A9FBD23719FBEC" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[160,279,1078,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517A9FBD23719FBEC" box="[160,279,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and metasternum and sutural margin of elytra with fine and sparse punctation (dense punctation in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451542FBBD34C8FBD3" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[587,710,1113,1137]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451542FBBD34C8FBD3" box="[587,710,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); furthermore, pronotal hump and sutural margin of elytra raised are present in major specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4514D1FB9F3240FB31" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[984,1102,1147,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4514D1FB9F3240FB31" box="[984,1102,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45162AFB7A379CFB14" box="[291,402,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45162AFB7A379CFB14" box="[291,402,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A4516A0FB7A3411FB14" box="[425,543,1182,1206]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 1B</figureCitation>
). On the other hand, the medial sclerite of the internal sac of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451669FB2537C0FB7B" box="[352,462,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451669FB2537C0FB7B" box="[352,462,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451416FB253599FB7B" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[799,919,1217,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451416FB253599FB7B" box="[799,919,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and no significant difference between them was found ({fig. 59}).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5C2A4417C9FAE235FDFDE4" blockId="8.[160,1157,142,1726]" lastBlockId="9.[160,1156,142,894]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="952" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
From 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451601FAE23428FABC" box="[264,550,1286,1310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451601FAE237A7FABC" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[264,425,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">G. amazonica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4516B3FAE23428FABC" box="[442,550,1286,1310]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">G. jardim</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is differentiated most easily by the shape of the apical tubercle of male protibia, which, although much more developed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451312FACD328DFAE3" box="[1051,1155,1321,1345]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451312FACD328DFAE3" box="[1051,1155,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than the tiny and almost imperceptible tubercle of the other four species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517A9FA8A371BFA24" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[160,277,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517A9FA8A371BFA24" box="[160,277,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is still much smaller than that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4515B9FA8A3543FA24" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[688,845,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4515B9FA8A3543FA24" box="[688,845,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451472FA8A35EAFA24" box="[891,996,1390,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451472FA8A35EAFA24" box="[891,996,1390,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the tubercle has the shape of a tapered spur and is separated from the apical tuft of setae, which rests adjacent to the spur (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A45154BFA5734C2FA69" box="[578,716,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[160,225,933,956]" captionTargetBox="[178,1148,161,902]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,142,902]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 2. Protibia of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A, B) Male protibia: (A) Ventral view, (B) Dorsal view. Red arrow indicates apical tubercle modified in a tapered spur. (C) Female protibia. Note that the apical tuft of setae is much denser and longer in male than in female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990445/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 2A,B</figureCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451401FA5735A6FA69" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[776,936,1459,1483]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451401FA5735A6FA69" box="[776,936,1459,1483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the spur is long, laterally flattened and curved and has the tuft of setae on its dorsal surface as a row of setae. The shape of the cephalic projection of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451423FA1D359AF9B3" box="[810,916,1529,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451423FA1D359AF9B3" box="[810,916,1529,1553]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4517A9F9FF3718F991" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[160,278,1563,1587]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4517A9F9FF3718F991" box="[160,278,1563,1587]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. it is narrower than the distance between the apices of the apical lobes of clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5C2A451678F9DA37D1F9F4" box="[369,479,1598,1622]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[160,225,1578,1601]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1546]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[163,1153,142,1546]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 1. Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (A–D) Holotype. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Lateral view. (C) Aedeagus. From left to right, dorsal, lateral and ventral views. (D) Labels. (E) Female paratype from Bolivia. (F) Dorsal view of head (holotype). (G) Frontal view of cephalic projection (male paratype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990443" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990443/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">Figure 1F</figureCitation>
), while that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A45159FF9DA353DF9F4" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[662,819,1598,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A45159FF9DA353DF9F4" box="[662,819,1598,1622]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the equivalent width of that distance. Other differences between 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4515B8F985352FF9DB" box="[689,801,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4515B8F985352FF9DB" box="[689,801,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A451467F985321DF9DB" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[878,1043,1633,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A451467F985321DF9DB" box="[878,1043,1633,1657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are: the colour, which is dark olive green and has metallic reflections in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5C2A4514D1F9673249F93E" box="[984,1095,1667,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="951" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5C2A4514D1F9673249F93E" box="[984,1095,1667,1692]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="951">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but black, dark blue, dark green or reddish-brown and never has metallic reflections in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4417B6FF6A3755FF04" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[191,347,142,166]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417B6FF6A3755FF04" box="[191,347,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and the pronotal granulation, which penetrates more the posterior portion of the pronotum and, in lateral view, reaches the posterior margin in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4417A9FF303705FF4E" box="[160,267,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FF303705FF4E" box="[160,267,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5D2A441617FF30379CFF4E" box="[286,402,212,236]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral view of pronotum. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (B) Gromphas amazonica. Note that the granulation extends much more posteriorly in G. jardim, reaching the pronotal posterior margin, than in G. amazonica, wherein the granulation is absent or rudimentary in posterolateral region after lateral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Figure 3A</figureCitation>
), whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44153EFF3034D8FF4E" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[567,726,212,236]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44153EFF3034D8FF4E" box="[567,726,212,236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the granulation is restricted to the anterior portion of the pronotum and never reaches the posterior margin (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5D2A4417A1FEFD3712FE93" box="[168,284,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[160,225,1589,1612]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[163,1153,1108,1558]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Lateral view of pronotum. (A) Gromphas jardim sp. nov. (B) Gromphas amazonica. Note that the granulation extends much more posteriorly in G. jardim, reaching the pronotal posterior margin, than in G. amazonica, wherein the granulation is absent or rudimentary in posterolateral region after lateral fossa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990447" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990447/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Figure 3B</figureCitation>
). The form of the granules of the head and pronotum is also distinct between the two species, being wider and flattened in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A441457FED8320EFEF6" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[862,1024,316,340]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441457FED8320EFEF6" box="[862,1024,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and more rounded and smaller in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4416D0FEBA3447FED4" box="[473,585,350,374]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4416D0FEBA3447FED4" box="[473,585,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(this second form is very similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4417A9FE653716FE3B" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[160,280,385,409]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FE653716FE3B" box="[160,280,385,409]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Finally, the longitudinal carina of the ventral surface of protibia is simple in both sexes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4416C6FE403432FE1E" box="[463,572,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4416C6FE403432FE1E" box="[463,572,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resembling 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4415D7FE40358EFE1E" baseAuthorityName="Perty" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[734,896,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeruginosa">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4415D7FE40358EFE1E" box="[734,896,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. aeruginosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4414CCFE403247FE1E" authorityName="Waterhouse" authorityYear="1891" box="[965,1097,420,444]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lemoinei">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414CCFE403247FE1E" box="[965,1097,420,444]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. lemoinei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but is distinct to that of 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44169EFE2234B9FE7C" box="[407,695,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44169EFE223438FE7C" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[407,566,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">G. amazonica</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44154DFE2234B9FE7C" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[580,695,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">G. inermis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4415FFFE223563FE7C" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[758,877,454,478]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4415FFFE223563FE7C" box="[758,877,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. dichroa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which, in males, has a row of tubercles on its basal half and, in females, is simple. The constant presence of the posterior pronotal fossae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44155EFDE834CAFD86" box="[599,708,524,548]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44155EFDE834CAFD86" box="[599,708,524,548]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also distinguishes this species from 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4417A9FDCA371AFDE4" authorityName="Harold" authorityYear="1869" box="[160,276,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FDCA371AFDE4" box="[160,276,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. inermis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44165CFDCA37FAFDE4" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[341,500,558,582]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44165CFDCA37FAFDE4" box="[341,500,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which these fossae are usually absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5D2A4417C9FDB537D1FCDC" blockId="9.[160,1156,142,894]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
The spiniform projection at the apex of apical protarsomere was not observed in one of the three females of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4416A2FD97341EFD29" box="[427,528,627,651]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4416A2FD97341EFD29" box="[427,528,627,651]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined by us, and we believe that this is due to the wear, as happens in some 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4416D1FD72347EFD0C" authorityName=": Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello" authorityYear="2013" box="[472,624,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amazonica">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4416D1FD72347EFD0C" box="[472,624,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. amazonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the only other species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A4414A2FD723212FD0C" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[939,1052,662,686]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414A2FD723212FD0C" box="[939,1052,662,686]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has this kind of apical protarsomere (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5D2A44152BFD5D3582FD73" author="Cupello M &amp; Vaz-de-Mello FZ" box="[546,908,697,721]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref14473" refString="Cupello M, Vaz-de-Mello FZ. 2013. Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa. 3722: 439 - 482." type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello and Vaz-de-Mello 2013</bibRefCitation>
). On the other hand, the nature of the posterior pronotal fossae varies: in the two males observed, the fossae are clearly marked and easily visible to the naked eye, whereas those of the three females are much less marked and almost imperceptible. Whether this is a case of individual or sexual variation is difficult to say until the examination of a larger number of specimens of both sexes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5D2A4417A9FC4F37B5FC66" blockId="9.[160,1156,939,1068]" box="[160,443,939,964]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC5D2A4417A9FC4F37B5FC66" box="[160,443,939,964]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FC4F37B5FC66" bold="true" box="[160,443,939,964]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" reason="3">Geographic distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5D2A4417A9FC2B357AFB8E" blockId="9.[160,1156,939,1068]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5D2A4417A9FC2B35B3FC45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865369" box="[160,957,975,999]" location="South Brazilian" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rondonia">
Brazilian subregion: 
<location id="8EED76CCBC5D2A44169EFC2B3446FC45" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC5D2A44169EFC2B3446FC45" box="[407,584,975,999]" name="South Brazilian" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" stateProvince="Rondonia">South Brazilian</location>
dominion: 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A4415D5FC2B35B3FC45" box="[732,957,975,999]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Rondônia province</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5D2A4414D8FC2B3762FBAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865378" country="Brazil" location="MATO GROSSO" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mato Grosso">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414D8FC2B3229FC45" bold="true" box="[977,1063,975,999]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5D2A4414D8FC2B3229FC45" box="[977,1063,975,999]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A441337FC2B370CFBAB" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">MATO GROSSO</collectingRegion>
: Cáceres
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5D2A441677FC153487FBAB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865307" box="[382,649,1009,1033]" country="Bolivia" location="BENI" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441677FC1537EEFBAB" bold="true" box="[382,480,1009,1033]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5D2A441677FC1537EEFBAB" box="[382,480,1009,1033]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">BOLÍVIA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A4416FCFC153425FBAB" box="[501,555,1009,1033]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">BENI</collectingRegion>
: Moxos
</materialsCitation>
. 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A441592FC15354AFBAB" box="[667,836,1009,1033]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">COCHABAMBA</collectingRegion>
: 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44145CFC153554FBAB" box="[853,858,1009,1033]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
Territory of the Yuracaré people, north side of the Cordillera de 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A441569FBF034FAFB8E" box="[608,756,1044,1068]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4415FDFBF034F4FB8E" box="[756,762,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5D2A441400FBF03569FB8E" box="[777,871,1044,1068]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,142,1250]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 5. Updated distribution of the six species of Gromphas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990451" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990451/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Figure 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328739CBC5D2A4717A9FBBD34F5F90F" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="953" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5D2A4417A9FBBD3710FBD0" blockId="9.[160,1156,1113,1727]" box="[160,286,1113,1138]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC5D2A4417A9FBBD3710FBD0" box="[160,286,1113,1138]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FBBD3710FBD0" bold="true" box="[160,286,1113,1138]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" reason="3">Comments</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5D2A4717A9FB99355EFA6A" blockId="9.[160,1156,1113,1727]" lastBlockId="10.[160,1155,1386,1480]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="953" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">
While the 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5D2A441611FB993770FB37" box="[280,382,1149,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the three female 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5D2A44158CFB9934FBFB37" box="[645,757,1149,1173]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A441417FB99358BFB37" box="[798,901,1149,1173]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441417FB99358BFB37" box="[798,901,1149,1173]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected in the 21st century and have label information detailed enough to permit an easy understanding of their origin, the male 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5D2A441539FB26349BFB78" box="[560,661,1218,1242]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
is much older and has a puzzling history. Only one of the five labels attached to this specimen before our work has information about its provenance (
<figureCitation id="13093C92BC5D2A4416D6FAE33431FABD" box="[479,575,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[160,225,837,860]" captionTargetBox="[164,1153,147,799]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1153,142,806]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Male paratype of Gromphas jardim sp. nov. and its labels (braces ‘{’ joining two sides of a same label). We believe that the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d’Orbigny was the collector of this specimen in 1832 (see the text)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990449" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990449/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Figure 4</figureCitation>
). This label is circular and has 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414A3FAE335BEFABD" box="[938,944,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5D2A4414B9FAE335F5FABD" box="[944,1019,1287,1311]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414F2FAE3320FFABD" box="[1019,1025,1287,1311]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
written on one side and 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441644FACE375DFAE0" box="[333,339,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
46/76 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44169DFACE3794FAE0" bold="true" box="[404,410,1322,1346]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">ʹ</emphasis>
, on the other side. According to Max Barclay (pers. comm.), 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FAA836A8FAC6" box="[160,166,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
<date id="FF8C06D7BC5D2A4417AFFAA93709FAC7" box="[166,263,1356,1381]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" value="1846" valueMax="1876">
1846 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417D7FAA836E5FAC6" box="[222,235,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">–</emphasis>
76
</date>
refers to a collection, all with the same data, acquired in 1846 and including 325 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A44160AFA8B378FFA25" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[259,385,1391,1415]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Coleoptera</taxonomicName>
and 250 Lepidoptera 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441588FA8B3489FA25" box="[641,647,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
, and these collecting data are 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414F2FA8B320FFA25" box="[1019,1025,1391,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
Territory of Juacares Indians (north side of the Cortillera (
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4415B6FA7634D5FA08" box="[703,731,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">sic</emphasis>
) de 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A44141CFA7635A0FA08" box="[789,942,1426,1450]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
) 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414BAFA7635B7FA08" box="[947,953,1426,1450]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
. We believe that 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417A9FA5036A8FA6E" box="[160,166,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">‘</emphasis>
Juacares Indians 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44166AFA503767FA6E" box="[355,361,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
refers to the Yuracaré, an indigenous people resident on the north side of the Cordillera de 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A4416CAFA333452FA4D" box="[451,604,1495,1519]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
, in the department of 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5D2A44146EFA33320EFA4D" box="[871,1024,1495,1519]" country="Bolivia" name="Cochabamba" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Cochabamba</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5D2A441304FA333255FA4D" box="[1037,1115,1495,1519]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
. To our knowledge, the only European naturalist who crossed this remote region before 1846 was the French zoologist and explorer Alcide d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441434F9F8354DF996" box="[829,835,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
Orbigny (
<date id="FF8C06D7BC5D2A4414BCF9F93236F997" box="[949,1080,1564,1589]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" value="1802" valueMax="1857">
1802 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4414E6F9F835F2F996" box="[1007,1020,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">–</emphasis>
1857
</date>
), who visited a Yuracaré village on 
<date id="FF8C06D7BC5D2A44150CF9DB34ACF9F5" box="[517,674,1599,1623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" value="1832-05-28">May 28 1832</date>
and stayed there for 4 days (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5D2A44131FF9DB36D6F9D8" author="Papavero N" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" refId="ref15799" refString="Papavero N. 1971. Essays on the history of Neotropical dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. I. Sao Paulo: Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo." type="book" year="1971">Papavero 1971</bibRefCitation>
). Indeed, d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441668F9863769F9D8" box="[353,359,1634,1658]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
Orbigny described and illustrated in detail this people in his great work 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4417ECF9613487F93F" box="[229,649,1668,1693]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">Voyage dans l’ Amérique Méridionale</emphasis>
(d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A4415A5F96034BCF93E" box="[684,690,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">’</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5D2A4415BBF961355DF93F" author="Orbigny A" box="[690,851,1669,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" refId="ref14618" refString="d ' Orbigny A. 1835 - 1847. Voyage dans l ' Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique Orientale de l ' Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, et 1833 par Alcide d ' Orbigny. 9 vols. Paris: P. Bertrand and Strasbourg: Ve. Levrault [The Yuracare people is detailed in Vol. 4 (1839) L' Homme Americain (de l ' Amerique Meridionale), considere sous ses rapports physiologiques et moraux, and illustrated on plates 17 of ' partie historique ' and 11 of ' coutumes et usages ' of the Vol. 8 (1847) Atlas historique, geographique, geologique, paleontologique et botanique]." type="journal volume" year="1835">
Orbigny 
<date id="FF8C06D7BC5D2A441412F961355DF93F" box="[795,851,1669,1693]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" value="1835" valueMax="1847">1835</date>
</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A44145BF9603551F93E" box="[850,863,1668,1692]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">–</emphasis>
1847). So we believe he was the probable collector of the male 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5D2A441582F94334FEF91D" box="[651,752,1703,1727]" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5D2A441428F9433583F91D" box="[801,909,1703,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="952" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5D2A441428F9433583F91D" box="[801,909,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="952">G. jardim</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. This finding is also interesting because, if correct, it indicates that not all insects collected by Alcide d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4717A6FA6936BBFA07" box="[175,181,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">’</emphasis>
Orbigny are deposited in the Muséum National d 
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4715F9FA6934F8FA07" box="[752,758,1421,1445]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">’</emphasis>
Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5E2A471318FA69326EFA07" box="[1041,1120,1421,1445]" name="France" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">France</collectingCountry>
, as suggested by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5E2A471641FA54345CFA6A" author="Horn W &amp; Kahle I" box="[328,594,1456,1480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" pagination="161 - 296" refId="ref15457" refString="Horn W, Kahle I. 1936. Uber entomologische sammlungen (ein beitrag zur geschichte der entomomuseologie). Teil II. Entomol Beihefte Berlin-Dahlem. 3: 161 - 296. pl. XII-XXVI." type="journal article" year="1936">Horn and Kahle (1936)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA35DE6BC5E2A47159BFA543545FA6A" author="Evenhuis NL" box="[658,843,1456,1480]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" refId="ref15048" refString="Evenhuis NL. 1997. Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758 - 1930). Vol. II. Leiden: Backhuys." type="book" year="1997">Evenhuis (1997)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D709FBC5E2A4717A9FAE5351BFABA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3990451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3990451" box="[160,789,1280,1304]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3990451/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" startId="10.[160,225,1281,1304]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1250]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5E2A4717A9FAE5351BFABA" blockId="10.[160,789,1280,1304]" box="[160,789,1280,1304]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4717A9FAE536F2FABA" bold="true" box="[160,252,1281,1304]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Updated distribution of the six species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5E2A4715A4FAE43501FAB5" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1837" box="[685,783,1280,1303]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4715A4FAE43501FAB5" box="[685,783,1280,1303]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">Gromphas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5E2A4717A9F9EE3717F981" blockId="10.[160,1155,1546,1709]" box="[160,281,1546,1571]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">
<heading id="D0C5977BBC5E2A4717A9F9EE3717F981" box="[160,281,1546,1571]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4717A9F9EE3717F981" bold="true" box="[160,281,1546,1571]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" reason="3">Bionomics</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D2017BC5E2A4717A9F9C934F5F90F" blockId="10.[160,1155,1546,1709]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5E2A4717A9F9C9355DF9CA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865333" country="Bolivia" location="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EED76CCBC5E2A4717A9F9C936C7F9E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC5E2A4717A9F9C936C7F9E7" box="[160,201,1581,1605]" country="Bolivia" name="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" stateProvince="Beni">The</location>
label data indicate that the 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5E2A471500F9C93463F9E7" box="[521,621,1581,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the two 
<typeStatus id="54899EB5BC5E2A47140FF9C9357AF9E7" box="[774,884,1581,1605]" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49F6EEF5BC5E2A4714B1F9C935E5F9E7" box="[952,1003,1581,1605]" country="Bolivia" name="Beni" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">Beni</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3256087BC5E2A4714FFF9C9324CF9E7" box="[1014,1090,1581,1605]" name="Bolivia" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingMethod id="52735800BC5E2A471345F9C9376CF9CA" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">were collected in traps</collectingMethod>
baited with human faeces in open habitats
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5E2A471454F9B43241F929" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865444" country="Bolivia" location="These" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EED76CCBC5E2A471454F9B43590F9CA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC5E2A471454F9B43590F9CA" box="[861,926,1616,1640]" country="Bolivia" name="These" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" stateProvince="Beni">These</location>
specimens also had some unidentified phoretic mites attached to their legs, especially to the metatarsi
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B5A2A4ABC5E2A471353F99737A9F90F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2831865464" country="Bolivia" location="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Beni" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="8EED76CCBC5E2A471353F997328DF929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B9101BC572A47165CFB6834F5F90F:8EED76CCBC5E2A471353F997328DF929" box="[1114,1155,1651,1675]" country="Bolivia" name="The" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" stateProvince="Beni">The</location>
recorded months for 
<taxonomicName id="4C325B94BC5E2A47169DF97137A9F90F" box="[404,423,1685,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="953" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jardim">
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A47169DF97137A9F90F" box="[404,423,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">G</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
<emphasis id="B946FC05BC5E2A4716AEF97137F7F90F" box="[423,505,1685,1709]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="953">. jardim</emphasis>
are May and October.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>