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<document id="0689DFB0707AD1FB0A49C4FA55584897" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="abeb2b02-dcf3-4e2f-b265-cb6c308e8b59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="240714" ID-ZooBank="E71FDC0A-1211-480F-89A6-2F8BEB304592" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461001786693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rochefort, Sabrina &amp; Wheeler, Terry A." docDate="2015" docId="039B87F18B02C61DFF616633B994033A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p240.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parapiophila atrifrons Melander &amp; Spuler" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="FFA2FF898B01C61EFFF66411B96B055C" masterDocTitle="Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine" masterLastPageNumber="240" masterPageNumber="229" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1698564871332" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="561868F41E2A27B91B3F33C1BC7C474B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="42AA990B408405045892812C1F88DDA8">Diversity of Piophilidae (Diptera) in northern Canada and description of a new Holarctic species of Parapiophila McAlpine</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="B07DBDF5C9D5D23B8219AAD3068045E5">Rochefort, Sabrina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04F93490631799CD2B844E428DBF916C">Wheeler, Terry A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2BD2DA941FCADBC4CA63D72FE08AA71A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7C3BA2FE7AE83DEA4EC399FA6726AC4E">3925</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D2B31498C64FE0EB31C27C3C8927BE7B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3925.2.5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="83C8FCEC657B054D03C2DA7006286C96" type="GBIF-Dataset">abeb2b02-dcf3-4e2f-b265-cb6c308e8b59</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039B87F18B02C61DFF616633B994033A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6098354" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598583" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6098354" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87F18B02C61DFF616633B994033A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87F18B02C61DFF616633B994033A" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<subSubSection id="C328656C8B02C61DFF616633BBDE0760" box="[151,693,546,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF616633BBDE0760" blockId="3.[151,693,546,572]" box="[151,693,546,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<heading id="D0C5818B8B02C61DFF616633BBDE0760" bold="true" box="[151,693,546,572]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFF616633BBDE0760" authority="Melander &amp; Spuler" authorityName="Melander &amp; Spuler" box="[151,693,546,572]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF616633BBDE0760" bold="true" box="[151,693,546,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF616633B8CE0760" bold="true" box="[151,421,546,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
(Melander &amp; Spuler)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328656C8B02C61DFF616678BD2007C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF616678BD2007C1" blockId="3.[151,1192,617,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211C98B02C61DFF616678BD2007C1" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFF616678BB110723" authority="Melander &amp; Spuler, 1917: 66" authorityName="Melander &amp; Spuler" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,634,617,639]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Piophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF616678B8270723" box="[151,332,617,639]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Piophila atrifrons</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310F68B02C61DFEA46678BB110723" author="Melander" box="[338,634,617,639]" page="66" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" year="1917">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFEA46678BB3C0723" author="Melander" box="[338,599,617,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Melander, A. L. &amp; Spuler, A. (1917) The dipterous families Sepsidae and Piophilidae. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 143, 97 pp." type="book" year="1917">Melander &amp; Spuler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 66
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFD7E6678BBDE0723" box="[648,693,617,639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32576778B02C61DFCE26678BD730723" box="[788,1048,617,639]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">United States of America</collectingCountry>
. Idaho: Troy).
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFF616699BB4A07C2" ID-CoL="BYM4" authority="Duda, 1924: 174" authorityName="Duda" authorityPageNumber="174" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,545,648,670]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF616699B81907C2" box="[151,370,648,670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Allopiophila calceata</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310F68B02C61DFE816699BB4A07C2" author="Duda" box="[375,545,648,670]" page="174" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFE816699B89A07C2" author="Duda" box="[375,497,648,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Duda, O. (1924) Revision der europaischen u. gronlandischen sowie einiger sudostasiat. Arten der Gattung Piophila Fallen (Dipteren). Konowia, 3, 97 - 113, 153 - 203." type="journal article" year="1924">Duda, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 174
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFDD86699BB3007C2" box="[558,603,648,670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">type</typeStatus>
locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32576778B02C61DFD4D6699BA6407C2" box="[699,783,648,670]" name="Sweden" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Sweden</collectingCountry>
: Gällivare and Abisko),
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFBF06699BD2007C1" bold="true" box="[1030,1099,648,669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">syn. n.</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328656C8B02C61DFF6166DBBA4D015F" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF6166DBBB5D0677" blockId="3.[151,1437,714,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF6166DBB89107BF" bold="true" box="[151,506,714,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">NBP/NIS material examined.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D34FD6E8B02C61DFDF266DABB5F07BE" box="[516,564,715,739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="generic">9 ♂</specimenCount>
, 9 ♀ from the following sites: Manitoba: Churchill; Northwest Territories: Norman Wells; Nunavut:
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFE2366FFBB3A065B" box="[469,593,750,775]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="237" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">Kugluktuk</taxonomicName>
; Ontario: Moosonee; Quebec: Schefferville (
<date id="FF8C10278B02C61DFB8C66FFBDB9065B" box="[1146,1234,750,775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" value="1952-06">vi.1952</date>
, 1962;
<date id="FF8C10278B02C61DFACF66FFBCF3065B" box="[1337,1432,750,775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" value="2010-07">vii.2010</date>
,
<date id="FF8C10278B02C61DFF616703B8720677" box="[151,281,786,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" value="2011-06" valueMax="2011-07-31" valueMin="2011-06-00">vi–vii.2011</date>
;
<date id="FF8C10278B02C61DFED36703B8E10677" box="[293,394,786,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" value="1952-08">viii.1952</date>
) (
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFE546702B88B0677" box="[418,480,787,811]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/y2kv-9w3k" name="Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">CNC</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFE1D6702BB400677" box="[491,555,787,811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">LEM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF316727BA4D015F" blockId="3.[151,1437,714,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF316727B8920613" bold="true" box="[199,505,822,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Other material examined</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFDFC6727BBEB0613" box="[522,640,822,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFDFC6727BBEB0613" bold="true" box="[522,640,822,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Lectotype</emphasis>
</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFD5C6726BA420613" box="[682,809,823,847]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Piophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFD5C6726BA420613" box="[682,809,823,847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<specimenCount id="9D34FD6E8B02C61DFCCD6726BA0C0612" box="[827,871,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="generic">1 ♂</specimenCount>
labelled Troy, Idaho,
<date id="FF8C10278B02C61DFB916727BDAE0613" box="[1127,1221,822,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" value="2008-06-14">14.vi.08</date>
,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFB256726BC5E0613" box="[1235,1333,823,847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFAC96727B99D062F" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Piophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">Piophila atrifrons</taxonomicName>
M-S, Lectoholotype
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFE13674ABB0A062F" box="[485,609,858,883]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Piophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">P. atrifrons</taxonomicName>
, d. G Steyskal 1963,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFCBB674ABAD6062F" box="[845,957,859,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFC32674BB9DD06CB" authority="Melander, Spuler, 1917: 66" authorityName="Melander, Spuler" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1917" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Piophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
Piophila atrifrons
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFB78674BBCF3062F" author="Melander" box="[1166,1432,858,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Melander, A. L. &amp; Spuler, A. (1917) The dipterous families Sepsidae and Piophilidae. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 143, 97 pp." type="book" year="1917">Melander, Spuler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 66
</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFF10676FB8FB06CB" author="Steyskal" box="[230,400,894,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1964) Notes on North American Piophilidae II (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 66, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1964">Steyskal, 1964</bibRefCitation>
: 177, det. A Ozerov, 2002 (
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFD3A676EBA4806CB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[716,803,895,919]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">USNM</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFCC1676FB84406E7" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFCC1676FBA8006CB" box="[823,1003,894,919]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="F32576778B02C61DFC0E676FBCFC06CB" box="[1016,1431,894,919]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</collectingCountry>
. Washington:
</emphasis>
Oroville,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFE5B67B2BB6406E7" box="[429,527,931,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
M.-S.,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFD9867B3BA6206E7" box="[622,777,930,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFCEC67B3BD2206E7" author="Melander" box="[794,1097,930,955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Melander, A. L. &amp; Spuler, A. (1917) The dipterous families Sepsidae and Piophilidae. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 143, 97 pp." type="book" year="1917">Melander et Spuler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 66, det. A.L. Ozerov 2003,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFF6167D6B9830683" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[151,232,967,991]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">USNM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFF0467D6B8430682" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" box="[242,296,967,990]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" name="Ministry of Natural Resources" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">ENT</collectionCode>
0 1071201, (1 ♀,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFE0C67D6BB3B0683" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[506,592,967,991]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">USNM</collectionCode>
); Oroville,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFD2267D6BA670683" box="[724,780,967,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Type</typeStatus>
M.-S.,
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFC9167D7BD690683" box="[871,1026,966,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFBE667D7BC530683" author="Melander" box="[1040,1336,966,991]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Melander, A. L. &amp; Spuler, A. (1917) The dipterous families Sepsidae and Piophilidae. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 143, 97 pp." type="book" year="1917">Melander et Spuler, 1917</bibRefCitation>
: 66, det. A.L. Ozerov 2003,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFE8767FAB8A9015F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[369,450,1003,1027]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">USNM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFE3E67FAB895015E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" box="[456,510,1003,1026]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13589" name="Ministry of Natural Resources" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">ENT</collectionCode>
0 1071192, (1 ♀,
<collectionCode id="ED23AE228B02C61DFD3267FABA71015F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[708,794,1003,1027]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328656C8B02C61DFF31601FB994033A" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF31601FBB350133" blockId="3.[151,1437,714,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF31601FB824017B" bold="true" box="[199,335,1038,1063]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Comments.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFEA9601FBB0D017B" box="[351,614,1038,1063]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFEA9601FBB0D017B" box="[351,614,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in northern
<collectingCountry id="F32576778B02C61DFC48601FBD79017B" box="[958,1042,1038,1063]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Canada</collectingCountry>
and the northern
<collectingCountry id="F32576778B02C61DFB0B601FBCF7017B" box="[1277,1436,1038,1063]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">United States</collectingCountry>
(Washington, Idaho, Maine) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFE1C6023BA7B0117" author="Melander" box="[490,784,1074,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Melander, A. L. &amp; Spuler, A. (1917) The dipterous families Sepsidae and Piophilidae. Washington Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 143, 97 pp." type="book" year="1917">Melander &amp; Spuler 1917</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFCE96023BABC0117" author="McAlpine" box="[799,983,1074,1099]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1977) A revised classification of the Piophilidae, including ' Neottiophilidae' and ' Thyreophoridae' (Diptera: Schizophora). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 103, 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 109103 fv" type="journal article" year="1977">McAlpine 1977</bibRefCitation>
). It is also known from the Palaearctic region (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFF1B6047B8C80133" author="McAlpine" box="[237,419,1110,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1977) A revised classification of the Piophilidae, including ' Neottiophilidae' and ' Thyreophoridae' (Diptera: Schizophora). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 103, 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 109103 fv" type="journal article" year="1977">McAlpine 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFE586046BB380133" author="Ozerov" box="[430,595,1110,1135]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Ozerov, A. L. (2004 b) Fauna Europaea: Piophilidae. Fauna Europaea version 1.0. Available from: http: // www. faunaeur. org (accessed 20 June 2014)" type="journal article" year="2004" yearSuffix="b">Ozerov 2004b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF31606BBD1400D3" blockId="3.[151,1437,714,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFF31606BB81D01CF" author="Steyskal" box="[199,374,1146,1171]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1964) Notes on North American Piophilidae II (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 66, 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1964">Steyskal (1964)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFDD5606ABA7E01CF" box="[547,789,1147,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFDD5606ABA7E01CF" box="[547,789,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Allopiophila calceata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFBB2606ABC2A01CF" box="[1092,1345,1147,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFBB2606ABC2A01CF" box="[1092,1345,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but that examination of more specimens would be required. We examined
<specimenCount id="9D34FD6E8B02C61DFC7B608FBD5E01EB" box="[909,1077,1182,1207]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" type="generic">185 specimens</specimenCount>
of both species from CNC and LEM. The only reliable difference between
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFD7260D2BA690187" box="[644,770,1219,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFD7260D2BA690187" box="[644,770,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFCCE60D2BADE0187" box="[824,949,1219,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFCCE60D2BADE0187" box="[824,949,1219,1243]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the shape of the tip of the pregonite: one round and one pointed tip in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFE2960F6BB3701A3" box="[479,604,1255,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFE2960F6BB3701A3" box="[479,604,1255,1279]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; two pointed tips in
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFCB160F6BDFF01A3" authority="McAlpine 1977" authorityName="McAlpine" authorityYear="1977" box="[839,1172,1254,1279]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFCB160F6BAAE01A2" box="[839,965,1254,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFC2360F7BDE701A3" author="McAlpine" box="[981,1164,1254,1279]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="McAlpine, J. F. (1977) A revised classification of the Piophilidae, including ' Neottiophilidae' and ' Thyreophoridae' (Diptera: Schizophora). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 103, 1 - 66. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 109103 fv" type="journal article" year="1977">McAlpine 1977</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The male genitalia are otherwise identical, and the minor difference in the pregonite may not be enough to justify two species.
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFF61613FBBA7001B" authority="Melander &amp; Spuler" authorityName="Melander &amp; Spuler" box="[151,716,1326,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFF61613FB8D2001A" box="[151,441,1326,1350]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila nitidissima</emphasis>
(Melander &amp; Spuler)
</taxonomicName>
has variation in the shape of the pregonite tip (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B168B02C61DFACA613FB9B80037" author="Steyskal" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" refString="Steyskal, G. C. (1975) The North American species of Piophila subgenus Allopiophila with black forecoxa (Diptera: Piophilidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 77, 212 - 213." type="journal article" year="1975">Steyskal 1975</bibRefCitation>
). There is variation in the colour of the fore tibia in some specimens, but such variation is seen in multiple species of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFEFB6167B8C900D2" box="[269,418,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFEFB6167B8C900D2" box="[269,418,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">Parapiophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFE1F6166BBA800D3" authority="Fallen" authorityName="Fallen" box="[489,707,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFE1F6166BB0B00D2" box="[489,608,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. vulgaris</emphasis>
(Fallén)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFD386166BAB000D3" authority="Holmgren" authorityName="Holmgren" box="[718,987,1398,1423]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulviceps">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFD386166BA2600D2" box="[718,845,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. fulviceps</emphasis>
(Holmgren)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFC106166BD0400D2" box="[998,1135,1398,1422]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kugluktuk">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFC106166BD0400D2" box="[998,1135,1398,1422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. kugluktuk</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36E78B02C61DFF31618AB994033A" blockId="3.[151,1437,714,1639]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">
In addition to morphological evidence, there was almost no divergence in DNA barcodes (658 bp of CO1) between five specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFE3361AEBB29008B" box="[453,578,1471,1495]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFE3361AEBB29008B" box="[453,578,1471,1495]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFD8161AEBB9E008A" box="[631,757,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFD8161AEBB9E008A" box="[631,757,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Ontario, Quebec and the Northwest Territories in LEM (Barcode of Life Database numbers: BOLD LYMAA315–14, 316–14, 319–14, 320–14, 321–14) identified by S. Rochefort based on morphological characters and compared with
<typeStatus id="548988458B02C61DFC896216BAD10343" box="[895,954,1543,1567]" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">types</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFC176216BD350343" box="[993,1118,1543,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFC176216BD350343" box="[993,1118,1543,1567]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and original descriptions of both species. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, we consider
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFBFE623ABDE2031F" box="[1032,1161,1579,1603]" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Allopiophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calceata">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFBFE623ABDE2031F" box="[1032,1161,1579,1603]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">A. calceata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D648B02C61DFA71623AB993033B" class="Insecta" family="Piophilidae" genus="Parapiophila" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrifrons">
<emphasis id="B946EAF58B02C61DFA71623AB993033B" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="232">P. atrifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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