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<mods:title id="2139E09A2AC20B67DAA0AF8AF80486D8">A taxonomic revision of Anthothela (Octocorallia: Scleraxonia: Anthothelidae) and related genera, with the addition of new taxa, using morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0C581973EDBFF2AFF4BE7DF7E4ADA38" bold="true" box="[151,865,1015,1042]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDBFF2AFF4BE7DF7FA8DA38" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,643,1015,1042]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE7DF7CEADA3B" bold="true" box="[151,449,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Victorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE0DE7D07F50DA38" author="Nutting" box="[465,635,1016,1042]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFF43E0327C69DA19" box="[159,322,1050,1075]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 120" captionStart-1="FIGURE 121" captionStart-2="FIGURE 122" captionStart-3="FIGURE 123" captionStart-4="FIGURE 124" captionStart-5="FIGURE 125" captionStart-6="FIGURE 126" captionStartId-0="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionStartId-1="156.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionStartId-2="157.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionStartId-3="158.[151,250,1303,1325]" captionStartId-4="159.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionStartId-5="160.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionStartId-6="162.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetBox-1="[167,1410,193,1907]" captionTargetBox-2="[165,1396,193,1931]" captionTargetBox-3="[154,1427,193,1272]" captionTargetBox-4="[188,1397,553,1946]" captionTargetBox-5="[161,1432,183,1685]" captionTargetBox-6="[211,1417,187,1944]" captionTargetId-0="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetId-1="figure@156.[167,1410,193,1916]" captionTargetId-2="figure@157.[165,1407,193,1941]" captionTargetId-3="figure@158.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetId-4="figure@159.[172,1414,553,1954]" captionTargetId-5="figure@160.[153,1437,183,1702]" captionTargetId-6="figure@162.[169,1432,187,1954]" captionTargetPageId-0="155" captionTargetPageId-1="156" captionTargetPageId-2="157" captionTargetPageId-3="158" captionTargetPageId-4="159" captionTargetPageId-5="160" captionTargetPageId-6="162" captionText-0="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." captionText-1="FIGURE 121. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites." captionText-2="FIGURE 122. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Polyp head; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." captionText-3="FIGURE 123. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Pinnule, tentacle and point sclerites in situ; B. Pinnule sclerites." captionText-4="FIGURE 124. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Calyx." captionText-5="FIGURE 125. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cortex sclerites; B. Colony surface with channels." captionText-6="FIGURE 126. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Medulla (a. more heavily tuberculate spindle)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/842533/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/842535/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/842537/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/842539/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/842541/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Figs. 120–126</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDBFF2AFF4BE04A7F30DA52" ID-CoL="85YS9" authority="Nutting, 1911: 15" authorityName="Nutting" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,539,1122,1144]" class="Anthozoa" family="Victorgorgiidae" genus="Suberia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE04A7C4ADA52" box="[151,353,1122,1144]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Suberia macrocalyx</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFEBBE04A7CDDDA52" author="Nutting" box="[359,502,1122,1144]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting, 1911</bibRefCitation>
: 15
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, Pl. III 
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a, Pl. XI 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFCCBE04A7E7ADA52" box="[791,849,1122,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
a–c.
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE0AA7CABDABD" box="[151,384,1153,1175]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Semperina macrocalyx</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE53E0A97F0ADABD" author="Nutting" box="[399,545,1153,1175]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting, 1911</bibRefCitation>
)
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: 
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFDE8E0A97FF7DABD" author="Kukenthal" box="[564,732,1153,1175]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Kukenthal, W. (1916) System und stammesgeschichte der Scleraxioner und der ursprung der Holaxonier. Zooligischer Anzeiger, 47 (6), 170 - 183." type="journal article" year="1916">Kükenthal 1916</bibRefCitation>
: 174
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; 1919: 51, 57; 1924: 22; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3EDBFF2AFBCAE0A9786BDABD" author="Thomson" box="[1046,1344,1153,1175]" page="192" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFBCAE0A97827DABD" author="Thomson" box="[1046,1292,1153,1175]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227." type="journal article" year="1931">Thomson &amp; Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 192
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, Pl. XIV 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFF1BE0887C28DA9C" box="[199,259,1184,1206]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1981,2003]" captionTargetBox="[176,1399,193,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[172,1399,193,1938]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 3. Sclerite forms found in the points, calyx and cortex of Anthothela and Ƒictorgorgia species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842295/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
, Pl. XXIV 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFEAAE0887C98DA9C" box="[374,435,1184,1206]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1972,1994]" captionTargetBox="[201,1389,202,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[172,1395,193,1918]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret (a. sclerites with slightly more developed tips)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842301/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
; 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3EDBFF2AFE62E0887F41DA9C" author="Stiasny" box="[446,618,1184,1206]" page="35" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE62E0887F6EDA9C" author="Stiasny" box="[446,581,1184,1206]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny 1937</bibRefCitation>
: 35
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, 119, Pl. IV 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFD35E0887E18DA9C" box="[745,819,1184,1206]" captionStart="FIGURE 34" captionStartId="58.[151,250,1918,1940]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,194,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[151,1435,193,1897]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURE 34. Anthothela tropicalis Bayer, 1961, holotype, sclerites: Point and collaret." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842357/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
, Textfigure J.
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDBFF2AFF4BE0967F03DAFE" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,552,1214,1236]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE0967CAADAFE" box="[151,385,1214,1236]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Anthothela macrocalyx</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE53E0967F0BDAFE" author="Nutting" box="[399,544,1214,1236]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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: 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310EA3EDBFF2AFDEEE0967E20DAFE" author="Verseveldt" box="[562,779,1214,1236]" page="170" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" year="1942">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFDEEE0967FF2DAFE" author="Verseveldt" box="[562,729,1214,1236]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1942) Further studies on Octocorallia. Zoologische Mededelingen, 24, 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1942">Verseveldt 1942</bibRefCitation>
: 170
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, 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFCC9E0967E78DAFE" box="[789,851,1214,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,185,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1435,185,1720]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 5. Anthothela grandiflora (Sars, 1856), holotype: A. Terminal polyp bunch (a. fully retracted polyp); B. Partly retracted polyp; C. Cross-section of decalcified medulla; D. Cross-section of medulla." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842299/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDBFF2AFF4BE0F57E2CDB38" blockId="154.[151,1436,1122,1298]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDBFF2AFF4BE0F57F5CDAD9" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,631,1245,1267]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Iciligorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE0F57CB2DAD9" box="[151,409,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Iciligorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE1EE0F57F44DAD9" author="Nutting" box="[450,623,1245,1267]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting, 1911</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
: van Ofwegen 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFCBEE0F67E9ADAD9" box="[866,945,1245,1267]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">et al.</emphasis>
<date id="FF8C103B3EDBFF2AFC0EE0F5796FDAD9" box="[978,1092,1245,1267]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" value="2000" valueMax="2007">2000–2007</date>
http://www.marinespecies.org/ aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id= 
<date id="FF8C103B3EDBFF2AFE38E0D47F19DB38" box="[484,562,1276,1298]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" value="76-01-29">290176</date>
accessed 
<date id="FF8C103B3EDBFF2AFD44E0D57E29DB38" box="[664,770,1276,1298]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" value="2017-05">May 2017</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703EDBFF2AFF4BE1167E7ADB54" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDBFF2AFF4BE1167E7ADB54" blockId="154.[151,1437,1342,2018]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CA63EDBFF2AFF4BE1167E7ADB54" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586203843" collectingDate="1899-07-17" collectionCode="ZMA, COEL" country="Indonesia" elevation="1165" latitude="1.975" location="Manado" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="125.158" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" specimenCode="COEL 3280" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Celebes" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF4BE1167FD8DB7D" bold="true" box="[151,755,1342,1367]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
Material examined. 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFE52E1167CD4DB7D" box="[398,511,1342,1367]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3EDBFF2AFDD3E1167F7BDB7D" box="[527,592,1342,1367]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">ZMA</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB949E803EDBFF2AFD87E1167FC4DB7D" box="[603,751,1342,1367]" collectionCode="COEL" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<collectionCode id="ED23AE3E3EDBFF2AFD87E1167F81DB7D" box="[603,682,1342,1367]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">COEL</collectionCode>
3280
</specimenCode>
,
</emphasis>
near 
<location id="8EED60203EDBFF2AFCE5E1167EB3DB7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87ED3EDBFF13FF4BE7DF7C1BDF57:8EED60203EDBFF2AFCE5E1167EB3DB7D" box="[825,920,1342,1367]" country="Indonesia" latitude="1.975" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="125.158" name="Manado" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" stateProvince="Celebes">Manado</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8193EDBFF2AFC7BE1167928DB7D" box="[935,1027,1342,1367]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Celebes</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3EDBFF2AFBCDE11679AADB7D" box="[1041,1153,1342,1367]" name="Indonesia" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDBFF2AFB53E116784DDB7D" authority="Expedition" authorityName="Expedition" box="[1167,1382,1342,1367]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Siboga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFB53E11679F6DB7D" box="[1167,1245,1342,1367]" italics="true" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Siboga</emphasis>
Expedition
</taxonomicName>
, stn. 122, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3EDBFF2AFF13E14D7C1BDB54" box="[207,304,1381,1406]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" precision="55" value="1.975">1.975°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE06503C3EDBFF2AFEE7E14D7C9EDB54" box="[315,437,1381,1406]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" precision="55" value="125.158">125.158°E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 1264– 
<elevation id="001FD1C83EDBFF2AFD90E14D7F89DB57" box="[588,674,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.165" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="1165.0">
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDBFF2AFD90E14D7F89DB57" box="[588,674,1381,1406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.165" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="m" value="1165.0">1165 m</quantity>
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate id="EFC8E9D33EDBFF2AFD72E14E7E66DB54" box="[686,845,1378,1406]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" value="1899-07-17">
<date id="FF8C103B3EDBFF2AFD72E14E7E66DB54" box="[686,845,1378,1406]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" value="1899-07-17">17th July 1899</date>
</collectingDate>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703EDBFF11FF1BE1A17F9BDBFB" lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDBFF2AFF1BE1A17C70DB88" blockId="154.[151,1437,1342,2018]" box="[199,347,1417,1442]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF1BE1A17C70DB88" bold="true" box="[199,347,1417,1442]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDBFF2AFF1BE18578B6D8CC" blockId="154.[151,1437,1342,2018]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDBFF2AFF1BE1857C42DBEC" bold="true" box="[199,361,1453,1478]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Colony form:</emphasis>
In his description, Nutting describes the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFC9DE1857E88DBEC" box="[833,931,1453,1478]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
as an incomplete specimen consisting of an “erect stem with short scattered branches” that is 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDBFF2AFD11E1F97E00DBC3" box="[717,811,1489,1514]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
in length (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFC74E1F9796BDBC0" author="Nutting" box="[936,1088,1489,1514]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Nutting, C. C. (1911) The Gorgonacea of the Siboga Expedition. VIII. The scleraxonia. Siboga - Expeditie, 13 b, 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1911">Nutting 1911</bibRefCitation>
) (reproduced here 
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFAC5E1F97851DBC0" box="[1305,1402,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
A). Two fragments of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFE51E1DD7CC4D824" box="[397,495,1525,1550]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
were examined for this study, one of which can be confidently located on the figure of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFF3DE2317C68D818" box="[225,323,1561,1586]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by its substantial bifurcation (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFD41E2317E2BD818" box="[669,768,1561,1586]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
C). It can therefore be deduced that the exposed medulla is part of a substantial branch. The other fragment is a piece of branch or stem which cannot be reliably positioned on the figure of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFE93E2497C9AD850" box="[335,433,1633,1658]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFE63E2497F0AD850" box="[447,545,1633,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
B). Unfortunately, these two fragments are in a very poor condition with a single remaining partially attached polyp between them plus two detached polyp heads. Nevertheless, by combining an examination of these fragments with Nutting’s original description and the subsequent descriptions and figures of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDBFF2AFF63E2E57C0AD8CC" box="[191,289,1741,1766]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFE96E2E57CC6D8CC" author="Stiasny" box="[330,493,1741,1766]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EDBFF2AFDFFE2E57FC1D8CC" author="Verseveldt" box="[547,746,1741,1766]" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1942) Further studies on Octocorallia. Zoologische Mededelingen, 24, 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1942">Verseveldt (1942)</bibRefCitation>
it is possible to provide a reasonably complete re-description.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDBFF2BFF1BE2D97EC4DF36" blockId="154.[151,1437,1342,2018]" lastBlockId="155.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="155" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">
The original colony clearly had at least one main branch with a few short side branches, although they appear to be broken in places and the holdfast is missing (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDBFF2AFD1BE33D7E0DD904" box="[711,806,1813,1838]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="154" pageNumber="155">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
A). Nutting states that the main “stem” diameter is 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDBFF2AFA80E33E78B6D907" box="[1372,1437,1814,1838]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="154" pageNumber="155" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
and this is confirmed here. It appears from Nutting’s figure that there are some anastomoses present in the colony, with possibly two loops identifiable. However, considering Nutting and Stiasny do not mention any anastomoses, and Verseveldt specifically says “there are no anastomoses” the colony loops are considered an artefact of the figure. According to Nutting there were six branches emanating from all sides of the main branch and the calyces were present on all available parts of the colony. Nutting states that “the calyces are irregularly distributed on three sides of the proximal parts of the stem and branches and on all sides of the distal parts of the colony”. However, Stiasny and Verseveldt both refute this, finding calyces and polyps on all sides throughout the colony. The fragments examined here have remnants of calyces spread evenly along and on all sides of the branches with up to 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDAFF2BFF4BE52C7DF3DF36" box="[151,216,260,285]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
between them, although they are often closer than that (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDAFF2BFC91E52C7E85DF36" box="[845,942,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
B, C).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733EDAFF2BFF4BE39A7CFAD9CD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" targetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" targetPageId="155">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDAFF2BFF4BE39A7CFAD9CD" blockId="155.[151,1436,1970,2023]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDAFF2BFF4BE39A7C18D9E2" bold="true" box="[151,307,1970,1992]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">FIGURE 120.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDAFF2BFEE3E39B7FDBD9E2" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[319,752,1970,1992]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDAFF2BFEE3E39B7F6BD9E2" box="[319,576,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDAFF2BFD21E39A7E4BD9E2" bold="true" box="[765,864,1970,1992]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EDAFF2BFD21E39A7E4BD9E2" box="[765,864,1970,1992]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B–C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733EDDFF2CFF4BE3877FE3D9C9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" targetBox="[167,1410,193,1907]" targetPageId="156">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDDFF2CFF4BE3877FE3D9C9" blockId="156.[151,1436,1967,2019]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDDFF2CFF4BE3877C04D9EF" bold="true" box="[151,303,1967,1989]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 121.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDDFF2CFEEBE3987FF0D9EF" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[311,731,1967,1989]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDDFF2CFEEBE3987F1FD9EF" box="[311,564,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EDDFF2CFD38E3877E68D9EF" box="[740,835,1967,1989]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDDFF2CFD38E3877E68D9EF" bold="true" box="[740,835,1967,1989]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733EDCFF2DFF4BE3947873D9F8" box="[151,1368,1980,2003]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842533/files/figure.png" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" targetBox="[165,1396,193,1931]" targetPageId="157">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDCFF2DFF4BE3947873D9F8" blockId="157.[151,1368,1980,2003]" box="[151,1368,1980,2003]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDCFF2DFF4BE3947C07D9F8" bold="true" box="[151,300,1980,2002]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">FIGURE 122.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDCFF2DFEEEE3967FE4D9F8" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[306,719,1980,2003]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDCFF2DFEEEE3967F06D9F8" box="[306,557,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EDCFF2DFD0AE3947E19D9F8" box="[726,818,1980,2002]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDCFF2DFD0AE3947E19D9F8" bold="true" box="[726,818,1980,2002]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype: A. Polyp head; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733EDFFF2EFF4BE13F7C6EDB66" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842535/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" targetBox="[154,1427,193,1272]" targetPageId="158">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2EFF4BE13F7C6EDB66" blockId="158.[151,1436,1303,1356]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFF4BE13F7C07DB07" bold="true" box="[151,300,1303,1325]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">FIGURE 123.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDFFF2EFEEFE1317FF9DB07" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[307,722,1303,1326]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFEEFE1317F05DB07" box="[307,558,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFD05E13F7E1DDB07" bold="true" box="[729,822,1303,1325]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EDFFF2EFD05E13F7E1DDB07" box="[729,822,1303,1325]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype: A. Pinnule, tentacle and point sclerites in situ; B. Pinnule sclerites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2EFF1BE15C780DDBFE" blockId="158.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
In its original condition, the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDFFF2EFDCEE15B7F5FDBA6" box="[530,628,1395,1420]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
had intact branch tips where, according to Nutting, the calyces “form definite clumps or clusters with the individual calyces averaging about 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDFFF2EFC0BE1BF791BDB85" box="[983,1072,1431,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
apart”. There is a small clump present on one of the fragments examined here, with two or three calyces crowded together (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDFFF2EFB79E193782DDBFE" box="[1189,1286,1467,1492]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
C).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2EFF1BE1F77C25D836" blockId="158.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFF1BE1F77C0FDBD2" bold="true" box="[199,292,1503,1528]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Colour:</emphasis>
Nutting mentions the colour as “very light yellowish brown”. The 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDFFF2EFBCAE1F77953DBD2" box="[1046,1144,1503,1528]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
fragments are now cream in alcohol.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2EFF1BE20F7C9AD932" blockId="158.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFF1BE20F7C92D86A" bold="true" box="[199,441,1575,1600]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Calyces and polyps:</emphasis>
There are many calyces remaining on the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EDFFF2EFC75E20F7920D86A" box="[937,1035,1575,1600]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
fragments but they are fragile and easily damaged with many of them already heavily impacted. Those in better condition are conical to cylindrical, usually 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EDFFF2EFF32E2587C61D8AD" box="[238,330,1648,1672]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="158" pageNumber="159" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
high and 
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wide, with a thin layer of sclerites arranged longitudinally to obliquely on their side walls (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDFFF2EFEC1E2BB7CA9D886" box="[285,386,1683,1708]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
D). There is some tendency towards an 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFC8AE2BD7EFED886" box="[854,981,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">en chevron</emphasis>
arrangement of the calyx sclerites and Nutting states this is more pronounced around the calyx lip where the sclerites form “eight angular points around the margin”. Some hint of an 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFE2AE2F57F5FD8DE" box="[502,628,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">en chevron</emphasis>
arrangement was also visible in the sclerites at the base of the calyx figured here (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDFFF2EFEF2E2D77CBBD932" box="[302,400,1791,1816]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2EFF1BE30B7C42D9E6" blockId="158.[151,1437,1395,2032]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
The single remaining polyp on the fragments is partially retracted such that the head rests on the calyx lip (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDFFF2EFAB3E30B7DE8D94A" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
E). It projects approximately 
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above the calyx and is 
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wide. Nutting states that most of the polyps are partly retracted like this and specifically that the “polyps are retractile”. The polyp head is covered in sclerites arranged in a collaret and points and has sclerites which are particularly large and dense arranged along the tentacle rachis (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDFFF2EFF35E39B7C62D9E6" box="[233,329,1971,1996]" captionStart="FIGURE 120" captionStartId="155.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,337,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@155.[151,1435,337,1949]" captionTargetPageId="155" captionText="FIGURE 120. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Nutting's colony figure; B – C. Colony fragments; D. Calyx; E. Polyp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842529/files/figure.png" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Fig. 120</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDFFF2FFF1BE3FF7CE9DF4E" blockId="158.[151,1437,1395,2032]" lastBlockId="159.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="159" lastPageNumber="160" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDFFF2EFF1BE3FF7CE1D9DA" bold="true" box="[199,458,2007,2032]" pageId="158" pageNumber="159">Medulla and Cortex:</emphasis>
The medulla is made up of tightly packed, longitudinally arranged sclerites and is surrounded by an easily detached cortex approximately 
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thick (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDEFF2FFC11E4BF7904DE9A" box="[973,1071,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[167,1410,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 121. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
A). The medulla and cortex are separated by parallel, longitudinal canals which join and anastomose so as to form a boundary space with attachments between the cortex and medulla only occurring occasionally. In Verseveldt’s paper (1942) he described the boundary canals in cross-section as “usually much flattened, on the cortex-side they are flat, on the medullaside they are rounder. Their height in a radial direction amounts to 
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, sometimes to 
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; the breadth is 
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”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDEFF2FFF1BE5477FE3DFDF" blockId="159.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
Additionally, there is a cluster of 3 large, conspicuous coelenteric canals penetrating the centre of the medulla in the two fragments examined, with 2 or 3 other smaller and less distinct canals on the edge of the centre cluster (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EDEFF2FFF43E59F7C29DFFA" box="[159,258,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[167,1410,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 121. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
A). The larger canals range from 
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in diameter and do not appear to significantly differ in diameter throughout the two fragments examined.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733EDEFF2FFF4BE3907963D9E4" box="[151,1096,1976,1998]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842537/files/figure.png" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" targetBox="[188,1397,553,1946]" targetPageId="159">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EDEFF2FFF4BE3907963D9E4" blockId="159.[151,1096,1976,1998]" box="[151,1096,1976,1998]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDEFF2FFF4BE3907C07D9E4" bold="true" box="[151,300,1976,1998]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">FIGURE 124.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EDEFF2FFEEEE3917FE4D9E4" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[306,719,1976,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="159" pageNumber="160" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDEFF2FFEEEE3917F06D9E4" box="[306,557,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EDEFF2FFD0AE3907E19D9E4" bold="true" box="[726,818,1976,1998]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EDEFF2FFD0AE3907E19D9E4" box="[726,818,1976,1998]" pageId="159" pageNumber="160">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype, sclerites: Calyx.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF4D66733EE1FF10FF4BE28E7DDCD8F0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842539/files/figure.png" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" targetBox="[161,1432,183,1685]" targetPageId="160">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE1FF10FF4BE28E7DDCD8F0" blockId="160.[151,1436,1702,1754]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE1FF10FF4BE28E7C1AD896" bold="true" box="[151,305,1702,1724]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">FIGURE 125.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE1FF10FEE7E28F7FCED896" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[315,741,1702,1724]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE1FF10FEE7E28F7F11D896" box="[315,570,1702,1724]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE1FF10FD2CE28E7E7AD896" bold="true" box="[752,849,1702,1724]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE1FF10FD2CE28E7E7AD896" box="[752,849,1702,1724]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">n. comb.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype: A. Cortex sclerites; B. Colony surface with channels.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE1FF10FF1BE32B7FE9D9E4" blockId="160.[151,1436,1794,2035]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
For those polyps positioned along the branches, the polyp cavities terminate abruptly at the medulla with an almost flat base visible at the base of the empty calyces. Due to the scarcity of remaining material, the arrangement of the canals at the tip of the branches was not investigated. Verseveldt bemoaned his inability to thoroughly investigate the canal system of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EE1FF10FDF7E3457FBBD9AC" box="[555,656,1901,1926]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, particularly that near the terminal polyps, and finishes with “In my opinion it will depend on the behaviour of the medullary canals with regard to the terminal zooids, whether for 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE1FF10FF4BE39D7C32D9E4" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,281,1973,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="160" pageNumber="161" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE1FF10FF4BE39D7C32D9E4" box="[151,281,1973,1998]" italics="true" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">macrocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
quite a new genus must be assumed.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE1FF11FF1BE3F27CC1DC70" blockId="160.[151,1436,1794,2035]" lastBlockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastPageId="161" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE1FF10FF1BE3F27C1ED9D9" bold="true" box="[199,309,2010,2035]" pageId="160" pageNumber="161">Sclerites:</emphasis>
Unfortunately the remaining polyp does not provide a good example of the arrangement of the sclerites on the polyp head with many sclerites dislodged and damaged. However, both 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EE0FF11FBA2E4BF78B7DE9A" author="Thomson" box="[1150,1436,151,176]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227." type="journal article" year="1931">Thomson &amp; Dean (1931)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EE0FF11FF1AE4937CA5DEFE" author="Verseveldt" box="[198,398,187,212]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refString="Verseveldt, J. (1942) Further studies on Octocorallia. Zoologische Mededelingen, 24, 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1942">Verseveldt (1942)</bibRefCitation>
describe a ring of approximately 6–10 sclerites arranged transversely forming a collaret and similar sclerites arranged 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FE1EE4C87F6ADEDD" box="[450,577,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">en chevron</emphasis>
to longitudinally forming eight distinct points. These sclerites are mostly simple sticks and spindles with a relatively sparse covering of tubercles, and range from 
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long (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FAB3E52A7DE8DF14" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[167,1410,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 121. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
B). Mixed with these in the distal region of the points (and crossing over into the tentacle rachis) are large, clubbed, warty sclerites (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FE18E5617F02DF4B" box="[452,553,329,354]" captionStart="FIGURE 121" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[167,1410,193,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[167,1410,193,1916]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 121. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cross-section of axis; B. Point and collaret sclerites; C. Clubbed point and tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842531/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 121</figureCitation>
C) arranged with their blunt clubbed ends towards the top of the points. Verseveldt specifically mentions that some sclerites from the points are “strong and club-shaped. I have not succeeded in finding the curious, thick and club-shaped spicules drawn by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EE0FF11FC3FE5B87D85DFE6" author="Thomson" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refString="Thomson, J. A. &amp; Dean, L. M. I. (1931) The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea. Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 d, 1 - 227." type="journal article" year="1931">Thomson &amp; Dean (1931, pl. XXIV fig. 6)</bibRefCitation>
and by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3EE0FF11FED4E59B7F78DFE6" author="Stiasny" box="[264,595,435,460]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Die Gorgonacea der Siboga Expedition. Supplement II, Revision der Scleraxonia mit ausschluss der Melitodidae und Coralliidae Siboga Expedition Monograph, 13 b (8), 1 - 138." type="journal article" year="1937" yearSuffix="b">Stiasny (1937, Text fig. Ja, b)</bibRefCitation>
anywhere either in cortex or medulla, they only occur in the anthocodiae.” These club-shaped sclerites have sparse, distinctly projecting, tall, conical tubercles. Very few of these clubbed sclerites were sampled here but those examined were approximately 
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long. Verseveldt stated that “most of them are 
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long, but shorter ones also occur (
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); the club-shaped end is 
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thick, without processes.”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE64C7FACDD05" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
Sclerites on the tentacle rachis are arranged longitudinally and are mostly short, fat rods with few, low tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FED0E6A07C46DC8B" box="[268,365,648,673]" captionStart="FIGURE 122" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[165,1396,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[165,1407,193,1941]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 122. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Polyp head; B. Tentacle rachis sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842533/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 122</figureCitation>
A, B). The larger, bulkier rods are white and opaque, and clearly visible on the tentacle rachis. Some of the rods are slightly clubbed with a clump of tubercles at one end of the sclerites, and they basically lie longitudinally with the tuberculate head placed towards the end of the tentacles. Sclerite length grades continuously from 
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with most of the bulky rods between 
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. The shorter sclerites are usually placed closer to the tip of the tentacles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FDD8E73E7F4FDD05" box="[516,612,790,815]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 123. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Pinnule, tentacle and point sclerites in situ; B. Pinnule sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842535/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE71278AFDDCA" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
Many short, simple sticks and spindles and flat rods are crowded in the pinnules, all arranged longitudinally, and ranging from 
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long (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FD97E7757F81DD5C" box="[587,682,861,886]" captionStart="FIGURE 123" captionStartId="158.[151,250,1303,1325]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,193,1272]" captionTargetId="figure@158.[151,1435,193,1288]" captionTargetPageId="158" captionText="FIGURE 123. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Pinnule, tentacle and point sclerites in situ; B. Pinnule sclerites." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842535/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 123</figureCitation>
A, B). There are only very sparse tubercles on these sclerites with a tendency for some of the sclerites to have very slightly clubbed or expanded tips, with the tips arranged distally in the pinnules. There were no true 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FDDAE78C7F55DD97" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[518,638,932,957]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs detected in the small sample available for examination. It may be that they are rare and were not sampled or it may be there are no 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FCACE7EF7EC3DDCA" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[880,1000,967,992]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs in the tentacles of this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE7C47FB5DA2E" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,670,1003,1028]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">No sclerites were detected in the pharynx.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE0267810DAF2" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
The calyx has only a single layer of sclerites arranged in indistinct 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FC6DE0277900DA0D" box="[945,1067,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">en chevron</emphasis>
arrangements up the wall. These sclerites are all straight sticks and spindles, some slightly thicker, with simple tubercles and short spines arranged haphazardly on the sclerites with no tendency for distinct asymmetry or clumping (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FB96E07D7985DA44" box="[1098,1198,1109,1134]" captionStart="FIGURE 124" captionStartId="159.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[188,1397,553,1946]" captionTargetId="figure@159.[172,1414,553,1954]" captionTargetPageId="159" captionText="FIGURE 124. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Calyx." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842537/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 124</figureCitation>
). Length varies from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EE0FF11FF4BE0517C15DABB" box="[151,318,1145,1170]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.67" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.67 mm</quantity>
. Sclerites from the cortex are very similar (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FCF0E0517EA6DAB8" box="[812,909,1145,1170]" captionStart="FIGURE 125" captionStartId="160.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,183,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@160.[153,1437,183,1702]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="FIGURE 125. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cortex sclerites; B. Colony surface with channels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842539/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
A). They are arranged longitudinally along the branch in a thin layer and are usually 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EE0FF11FD90E0B47FDADA9E" box="[588,753,1180,1205]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" metricValueMax="6.7" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="0.51" valueMax="0.67" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.67 mm</quantity>
long although some smaller sclerites are present. There are faint longitudinal corrugations in the cortex, presumably mapping the boundary canals below (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FB66E0977830DAF2" box="[1210,1307,1215,1240]" captionStart="FIGURE 125" captionStartId="160.[151,250,1702,1724]" captionTargetBox="[161,1432,183,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@160.[153,1437,183,1702]" captionTargetPageId="160" captionText="FIGURE 125. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype: A. Cortex sclerites; B. Colony surface with channels." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842539/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 125</figureCitation>
B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE0CB78BDDBA0" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
When magnified in transmitted light, most of the sclerites from the medulla are brown with a fibrous appearance. Similar to the calyx and surface, they are mostly straight sticks and spindles but many of them are smoother with very few tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FDC6E1027F57DB69" box="[538,636,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 126" captionStartId="162.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[211,1417,187,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@162.[169,1432,187,1954]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIGURE 126. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Medulla (a. more heavily tuberculate spindle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842541/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 126</figureCitation>
). There are also some with numerous tubercles (
<figureCitation id="13092A7E3EE0FF11FB4AE10279DFDB69" box="[1174,1268,1322,1347]" captionStart="FIGURE 126" captionStartId="162.[151,250,1976,1998]" captionTargetBox="[211,1417,187,1944]" captionTargetId="figure@162.[169,1432,187,1954]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="FIGURE 126. Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx (Nutting, 1911) n. comb., holotype, sclerites: Medulla (a. more heavily tuberculate spindle)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842541/files/figure.png" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Fig. 126</figureCitation>
a) but these are not as common, and there are some fused and branched sclerites as well. Length ranges from 
<quantity id="4CCA9B1E3EE0FF11FB33E16678BCDB4C" box="[1263,1431,1358,1382]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.85" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="2.7" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" unit="mm" value="0.585" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.27">0.27–0.90 mm</quantity>
, although, as is often the case with medulla sclerites, the longer sclerites may be underrepresented due to breakage.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE1BC7F9BDBFB" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Sclerites are all transparent under transmitted light except the bulky sclerites in the tentacles and points and most medulla sclerites, which tend to be brown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703EE0FF11FF1BE1F37CDCD83D" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE1F37F45DBDE" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,622,1499,1524]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FF1BE1F37C49DBDE" bold="true" box="[199,354,1499,1524]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Distribution:</emphasis>
Indonesian archipelago
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE1D77CDCD83D" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[199,503,1535,1560]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FF1BE1D77C32D832" bold="true" box="[199,281,1535,1560]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Depth:</emphasis>
1264–1165 metres.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32865703EE0FF13FF1BE20A7C1BDF57" lastPageId="163" lastPageNumber="164" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE20A7EF9D97D" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FF1BE20A7C16D811" bold="true" box="[199,317,1570,1595]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Remarks:</emphasis>
The state of the 
<typeStatus id="548988593EE0FF11FE27E20A7F76D811" box="[507,605,1570,1595]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is such that any decisions on the status of this species must be made with some caution. It is clear this species should not stay in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FC79E26E790BD875" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[933,1056,1606,1631]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FC79E26E790BD875" box="[933,1056,1606,1631]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Anthothela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to the colony growth form, presence of large coelenteric canals in the medulla and the lack of sclerites in the pharynx. All of these characteristics plus the general form and arrangement of the sclerites indicate a placement in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FB0FE2A6784CD88F" box="[1235,1383,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FB0FE2A67848D88F" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[1235,1379,1678,1701]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Victorgorgia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The main caveat however, is the apparent absence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FD13E2987E6CD8E3" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[719,839,1712,1737]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs in the tentacles. These particular sclerites are common in other 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FEB2E2FD7CD1D8C6" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[366,506,1749,1772]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FEB2E2FD7CD1D8C6" box="[366,506,1749,1772]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Victorgorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species so the lack of them in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FCA3E2FD7909D8C7" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[895,1058,1748,1773]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FCA3E2FD7909D8C7" box="[895,1058,1748,1773]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">V. macrocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE0FF11FBF3E2FC79B1D8C7" box="[1071,1178,1748,1773]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FBF3E2FC79B1D8C7" bold="true" box="[1071,1178,1748,1773]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
introduces a level of uncertainty to the reassignment. Given the limited material available for examination it is possible that the 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FF4BE3337C24D91E" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,271,1819,1844]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs are present but in small numbers and were simply missed during this necessarily limited analysis. The species is placed in 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE0FF11FE74E3177F1FD97C" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[424,564,1855,1878]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="161" pageNumber="162" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE0FF11FE74E3177F1FD97C" box="[424,564,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Victorgorgia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
until new material can be examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE0FF11FF1BE3497C1CD9CF" blockId="161.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">
This specimen is from deep waters off the coast of 
<collectingCountry id="F325766B3EE0FF11FD20E3497E46D950" box="[764,877,1889,1914]" name="Indonesia" pageId="161" pageNumber="162">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. There has been very little sampling of this habitat and very little chance to collect more of this species. Additionally, the degree of connectivity of this area with other deep-sea areas is largely unknown thus the likelihood of recording this species in other places is, at this stage, unpredictable.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4D66733EE3FF12FF4BE3907DDBD9C7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/842541/files/figure.png" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" targetBox="[211,1417,187,1944]" targetPageId="162">
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE3FF12FF4BE3907DDBD9C7" blockId="162.[151,1435,1976,2029]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE3FF12FF4BE3907C05D9E4" bold="true" box="[151,302,1976,1998]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">FIGURE 126.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE3FF12FEEBE3917FF0D9E4" authority="(Nutting, 1911)" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[311,731,1976,1998]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="162" pageNumber="163" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE3FF12FEEBE3917F18D9E4" box="[311,563,1976,1998]" italics="true" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">Ƒictorgorgia macrocalyx</emphasis>
(Nutting, 1911)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE3FF12FD38E3907E68D9E4" box="[740,835,1976,1998]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE3FF12FD38E3907E68D9E4" bold="true" box="[740,835,1976,1998]" pageId="162" pageNumber="163">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, sclerites: Medulla (a. more heavily tuberculate spindle).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE2FF13FF1BE4BF7841DF3D" blockId="163.[151,1436,151,381]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
The presence of bulky, short rods on the tentacle rachis of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FC48E4B1791CDE9A" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[916,1079,151,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="macrocalyx" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FC48E4B1791CDE9A" box="[916,1079,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. macrocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FB9FE4BF7984DE9A" box="[1091,1199,151,176]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FB9FE4BF7984DE9A" bold="true" box="[1091,1199,151,176]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the main feature distinguishing this species from most of the others in 
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FCDCE4937EBFDEF8" box="[768,916,187,210]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FCDCE4937EBBDEF8" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[768,912,187,210]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Victorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Victorgorgia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
The most similar species is 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FB00E4937800DEF9" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1244,1323,186,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Rhizoxenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alba" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FB00E4937800DEF9" box="[1244,1323,186,211]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FAE8E49278B7DEF9" box="[1332,1436,186,211]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FAE8E49278B7DEF9" bold="true" box="[1332,1436,186,211]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
which has few 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FE9FE4F47C90DEDF" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[323,443,220,245]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs, similar thick rods on the tentacles and bulky clubs in the points. The differences between the two species are specified in the Remarks section in the description of 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FBEDE4D77955DF3D" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[1073,1150,254,279]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Rhizoxenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alba" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FBEDE4D77955DF3D" box="[1073,1150,254,279]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. alba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FB59E4D679C0DF3D" box="[1157,1259,254,279]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FB59E4D679C0DF3D" bold="true" box="[1157,1259,254,279]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(page 140)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3EE2FF13FF1BE5097C1BDF57" blockId="163.[151,1436,151,381]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FF1BE5097C70DF13" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[199,347,288,313]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FF1BE5097C70DF13" box="[199,347,288,313]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. josephinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FE4CE5097F26DF12" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Studer" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[400,525,289,312]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="argentea" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FE4CE5097F26DF12" box="[400,525,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. argentea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FDC8E5087F52DF13" box="[532,633,288,313]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FDC8E5087F52DF13" bold="true" box="[532,633,288,313]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. comb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
have many 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FD23E5087E5CDF13" authorityName="Lopez-Gonzalez &amp; Briand" authorityYear="2002" box="[767,887,288,313]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="josephinae">josephinae</taxonomicName>
clubs in the tentacles, 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FBAEE50979C3DF12" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[1138,1256,289,312]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="eminens" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FBAEE50979C3DF12" box="[1138,1256,289,312]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. eminens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FB33E5087806DF13" box="[1263,1325,288,313]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FB33E5087806DF13" bold="true" box="[1263,1325,288,313]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
lacks any large, bulky sclerites in the points or the tentacles and 
<taxonomicName id="4C324D783EE2FF13FD20E56C7E42DF71" authority="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore &amp; Alderslade &amp; Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[764,873,322,347]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Fictorgorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="nyahae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FD20E56C7E42DF71" box="[764,873,322,347]" italics="true" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">V. nyahae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923EE2FF13FCACE56A7E84DF71" box="[880,943,322,347]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B946EAE93EE2FF13FCACE56A7E84DF71" bold="true" box="[880,943,322,347]" pageId="163" pageNumber="164">n. sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has sharply tipped thorn clubs in the points and tentacles.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>