126 lines
15 KiB
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126 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document id="1176E37A671D9E60FD7D84D0593A49CB" ID-CLB-Dataset="32506" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4304.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b9bd2c4-7dee-46a3-a36d-80077b88a78b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="842289" ID-ZooBank="3D557C94-0783-4C39-80C3-9C321DA94800" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502687522877" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moore, Kirrily M., Alderslade, Philip & Miller, Karen J." docDate="2017" docId="039B87ED3E36FFC7FF4BE7877C0CD929" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4304.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4304 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Williamsium Moore & Alderslade & Miller 2017, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="2540CBA5-F386-4C40-B302-92EE309C0385" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="120" masterDocId="FFA2FF953E41FFB0FFDCE4287D2BDE2A" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Anthothela (Octocorallia: Scleraxonia: Anthothelidae) and related genera, with the addition of new taxa, using morphological and molecular data" masterLastPageNumber="212" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="120" updateTime="1698466576984" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="B9999D43E9FDD5785C9F5282DCA6C2E4" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F1E24DF31E276C84F9B1AE19C30F6841">
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<mods:title id="0AA879849BD636B8003EFB6B9E0E026E">A taxonomic revision of Anthothela (Octocorallia: Scleraxonia: Anthothelidae) and related genera, with the addition of new taxa, using morphological and molecular data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EA63BDF39ED432ED872B75F70D0726A4">Moore, Kirrily M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="99A454EF0082FF1B1EEF0D1CCCCAD9A7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="871C268C9E5C9998C2603196D06902B4">Alderslade, Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="984F3BCAD52884427B71D8A83905D457" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9D2D9DD171D1130B915A9347E9ABEE3D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AFA87D77C131569D4D56F0653894C85D">Miller, Karen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="F58E5695A766545CA1760CD7222F0844">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="82A588C3785956C64B774FA727E38A12">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="35BA8C102E411E0E5F1951E49A1FF382">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="66F53EF9D9DB785E35AB7AF0178E5B33">4304</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="A1FF8EC08CB7C71F05DC69731B814235" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4304.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039B87ED3E36FFC7FF4BE7877C0CD929" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6015377" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132631040" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6015377" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2540CBA5-F386-4C40-B302-92EE309C0385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87ED3E36FFC7FF4BE7877C0CD929" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<subSubSection id="C32865703E36FFC7FF4BE7877E5CDDC1" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF4BE7877E21DDE0" blockId="119.[151,887,943,1003]" box="[151,778,943,970]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<heading id="D0C581973E36FFC7FF4BE7877E21DDE0" bold="true" box="[151,778,943,970]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF4BE7877E21DDE0" bold="true" box="[151,778,943,970]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FF4BE7877C1ADDE3" ID-CoL="84VQR" authority="Moore & Alderslade & Miller, 2017" authorityName="Moore & Alderslade & Miller" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,305,943,969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Williamsium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF4BE7877C1ADDE3" bold="true" box="[151,305,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Williamsium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E36FFC7FEE4E7987C8DDDE0" box="[312,422,944,970]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Moore, Alderslade & Miller
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF4BE7FA7E5CDDC1" blockId="119.[151,887,943,1003]" box="[151,887,978,1003]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">http://zoobank.org/2540CBA5-F386-4C40-B302-92EE309C0385</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32865703E36FFC7FF4BE0327E9EDACD" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF4BE0327E9EDACD" blockId="119.[151,1436,1050,1795]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF4BE0327C38DA19" bold="true" box="[151,275,1050,1075]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Monomorphic scleraxonians which form arborescent colonies with a single, short main stem; simple, sparse branching basically in one plane; anastomoses absent; medulla without large, well-defined coelenteric canals, separated from the cortex by a ring of boundary canals; polyps sparse, retractile into tall calyces on all sides of branches but restricted to the distal half of the branches; sclerites predominately short, flat rods arranged transversely in the tentacle rachis, transverse scales in pinnules, small tuberculate rods in the neck and pharynx, and tuberculate sticks and spindles in the points, calyx, cortex and medulla.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32865703E36FFC7FF1BE0DA7F94DB05" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF1BE0DA7EF8DB21" blockId="119.[151,1436,1050,1795]" box="[199,979,1266,1291]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF1BE0DA7C4FDB21" bold="true" box="[199,356,1266,1291]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Type species:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FEB7E0DA7E3EDB21" authority="Thomson, 1916" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1916" box="[363,789,1266,1291]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parviflora">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FEB7E0DA7F74DB21" box="[363,607,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Anthothela parviflora</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E36FFC7FDB9E0DA7E3EDB21" author="Thomson" box="[613,789,1266,1291]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Thomson, J. S. (1916) South African Gorgonacea. Manchester Memoirs, 61 (1), 1 - 56." type="journal article" year="1916">Thomson, 1916</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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here designated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF1BE13F7F94DB05" blockId="119.[151,1436,1050,1795]" box="[199,703,1302,1327]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FF01E13E7CDCDB05" authorityName="Moore & Alderslade & Miller" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Thomson" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[221,503,1302,1327]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Williamsium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="parviflorum" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF01E13E7CDCDB05" box="[221,503,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Williamsium parviflorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27557923E36FFC7FE21E13F7F94DB05" box="[509,703,1302,1327]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32865703E36FFC7FF1BE1127965D8BD" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF1BE1127965D8BD" blockId="119.[151,1436,1050,1795]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF1BE1127C16DB79" bold="true" box="[199,317,1338,1363]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The genus is placed tentatively in the family
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FC94E1127ECCDB79" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1916" box="[840,999,1338,1363]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Anthothelidae</taxonomicName>
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with the knowledge that the family as currently recognised (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E36FFC7FE49E1767F92DB5D" author="Williams" box="[405,697,1374,1399]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Williams, G. C. & Cairns, S. D. (2015) Octocoral Research Centre: Systematic list of the valid octocoral genera. Available from: http: // researcharchive. calacademy. org / research / izg / OCTOCLASS. htm (accessed 21 Juune 2017)." type="journal article" year="2015">Williams & Cairns 2015</bibRefCitation>
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) is polyphyletic (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B0A3E36FFC7FC57E1767998DB5D" author="Cairns" box="[907,1203,1374,1399]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Wirshing, H. H. (2015) Phylogenetic reconstruction of scleraxonian octocorals supports the resurrection of the family Spongiodermidae (Cnidaria, Alcyonacea). Invertebrate Systematics, 29, 345 - 368. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IS 14063" type="journal article" year="2015">Cairns & Wirshing 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). Of the recognised scleraxonian families with an unconsolidated axis, the lack of well-defined coelenteric canals in the medulla and the presence of pharynx sclerites excludes it from Victorgorgiidae n. fam.; the lack of radiate capstans among the cortex sclerites excludes it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FDC5E1E27FC9DBC9" authorityName="Wright & Studer" authorityYear="1889" box="[537,738,1482,1507]" class="Anthozoa" family="Spongiodermidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Spongiodermidae</taxonomicName>
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; the lack of fused spindles in the medulla excludes it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FF4BE1C67C6ED82D" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,325,1518,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Subergorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Subergorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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; monomorphic polyps exclude it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FCC9E1C67E9FD82D" authorityName="Kükenthal" authorityYear="1916" box="[789,948,1518,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Paragorgiidae</taxonomicName>
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; and the distinct ring of boundary canals excludes it from
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FE85E23A7CF9D801" box="[345,466,1554,1579]" class="Anthozoa" family="Briareidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Briareidae</taxonomicName>
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. The boundary canals, prominent calyces and sclerites, and mainly tuberculate sticks and spindles in a collaret and point arrangement place it within the current diagnosis for
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FB5EE21E780ED865" authorityName="Broch" authorityYear="1916" box="[1154,1317,1590,1615]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Anthothelidae</taxonomicName>
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. However, given that the arrangement and shape of the sclerites in the tentacles differ significantly from those found in
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D783E36FFC7FF4BE2567C39D8BD" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1879" box="[151,274,1662,1687]" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF4BE2567C39D8BD" box="[151,274,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Anthothela</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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specimens it is likely that this genus will need reassignment in the future.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32865703E36FFC7FF1BE28A7C0CD929" pageId="119" pageNumber="120" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B8D36FB3E36FFC7FF1BE28A7C0CD929" blockId="119.[151,1436,1050,1795]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">
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<emphasis id="B946EAE93E36FFC7FF1BE28A7C7AD891" bold="true" box="[199,337,1698,1723]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">Etymology:</emphasis>
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This genus is named in honour of Dr Gary Williams in recognition of the extensive research conducted by him on octocorals from the waters around
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<collectingCountry id="F325766B3E36FFC7FCCCE2EE7E88D8F5" box="[784,931,1734,1759]" name="South Africa" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, including a redescription of the
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<typeStatus id="548988593E36FFC7FAC8E2EF786FD8F5" box="[1300,1348,1735,1759]" pageId="119" pageNumber="120">type</typeStatus>
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species of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |