346 lines
40 KiB
XML
346 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="F960673B687ADFC9828D908A4647A808">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="DFFC3D72D5071ECB546819852CEBB14E">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="3BD0D405B166811D0830567E309A58C6">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="C907DA84D26E4EFBCBA30766069EB029">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. & brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168750FFFAFF1EF7651145F8E8" authority="(Leymerie, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Leymerie" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[151,619,1887,1914]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcassense">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878750FFFAFF1EF76512A1F8E8" bold="true" box="[151,399,1887,1914]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Seraphs carcassense</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648750FFFAFE28F75A114CF8E8" author="Leymerie, M. A." box="[417,610,1888,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" pagination="339 - 373" refId="ref37538" refString="Leymerie, M. A. (1846) Memoire sur le Terrain a Nummulites (Epicretace) des Corbieres et de la Montage Noire. Vol. 1. Part 2. P. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 339 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1846">Leymerie, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8B8D36958750FFFAFF1EF7BE1226F80C" blockId="10.[151,619,1887,1950]" box="[151,264,1924,1950]" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">
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<figureCitation id="13092A108750FFFAFF1EF7BE1226F80C" box="[151,264,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1766,1790]" captionTargetBox="[240,1350,188,1732]" captionTargetId="figure-19@8.[226,1361,181,1742]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Seraphs Montfort, 1810. A. Seraphs andersoni (Dickerson, 1917), holotype, CAS Department of Geology 434, length 38 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 9, fig. 5). B. Seraphs belemnitus (Palmer, 1953), PRI 29236, length 48.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 6, figs. 12–14). C. Seraphs caracassense (Leymerie, 1846), BMNH G50180, length 51.3mm (Jung 1974, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11). D. Seraphs chilophorus (Cossmann, 1889), MNHN A28779, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 29 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 15A, B, D). E. Seraphs hernandoensis (Mansfield, 1937), holotype, USNM 495948, length 31.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 9, figs. 7–9). F. Seraphs kaindraperi new sp., holotype, USNM 135098, length 50.6 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 5, figs. 3, 4). G. Seraphs leukoleptus Jung, 1974, neotype, MNHN A28781, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 27.6 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 11F, H, I). H. Seraphs mayeri Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H16579, length 21.4 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 8, figs. 16–18)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026787" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026787/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Figure 4C</figureCitation>
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1846
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168750FFFAFF58F7F21100F872" authority="Leymerie" authorityName="Leymerie" authorityYear="1846" box="[209,558,1992,2016]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcassense">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878750FFFAFF58F7F212ECF872" box="[209,450,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Terebellum carcassense</emphasis>
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Leymerie
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</taxonomicName>
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, p. 33, pl. XVI, no. 9. =
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168750FFFAFCB9F7F2163DF872" authority="Leymerie" authorityName="Leymerie" authorityYear="1846" box="[816,1299,1992,2017]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcassense" subGenus="Terebellum">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878750FFFAFCB9F7F2108EF872" box="[816,928,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Terebellum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B946EA878750FFFAFC39F7F2170EF872" box="[944,1056,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">Terebellum</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B946EA878750FFFAFBB9F7F31787F872" box="[1072,1193,1993,2016]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="411">carcassense</emphasis>
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Leymerie
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848750FFFBFAA4F7F213D1FF3D" author="Jung, P." lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="412" page="17" pageId="10" pageNumber="411" year="1974">
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, p. 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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. =
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFEABF0AD11B6FF3D" authority="Leymerie" authorityName="Leymerie" box="[290,664,151,175]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcassonense">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFEABF0AD1100FF3C" box="[290,558,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Terebellum carcassonense</emphasis>
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Leymerie
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFD3BF0AD104CFF3D" author="Jung, P." box="[690,866,151,175]" page="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD3BF0AD1030FF3D" author="Jung, P." box="[690,798,151,175]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFCE7F0AD171AFF3D" author="Eames, F. E." box="[878,1076,150,175]" page="73" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFCE7F0AD10C1FF3C" author="Eames, F. E." box="[878,1007,150,174]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 73
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</treatmentCitation>
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. =
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFBDEF0AD13CCFF5F" authority="Leymerie" authorityName="Leymerie" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcasensis">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFBDEF0AD166BFF3C" box="[1111,1349,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Terebellum carcasensis</emphasis>
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Leymerie
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFF75F08F1294FF5F" author="Eames, F. E." box="[252,442,181,205]" page="73" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFF75F08F1254FF5F" author="Eames, F. E." box="[252,378,181,205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 73
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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. =
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFE50F08F101FFF5F" authority="Leymerie" authorityName="Leymerie" authorityYear="1846" box="[473,817,181,205]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcassense">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFE50F08F11E7FF5F" box="[473,713,181,205]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Terebellum carcassense</emphasis>
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Leymerie
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</taxonomicName>
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—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFCC2F08F176EFF5F" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[843,1088,181,205]" page="36" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1896">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFCC2F08F172EFF5F" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[843,1024,181,205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 163" refId="ref34308" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1896) Description des Faunes Tertiaires de la Venetie Monographie des Fossiles Eoceniques de Ronca. Annales de Geologie et de Paleontologie, 21, 1 - 163." type="journal article" year="1896">de Gregorio 1896</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 36
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFBC3F08C1627FF5F" author="Eames, F. E." box="[1098,1289,181,205]" page="73" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1952">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFBC3F08C17E7FF5F" author="Eames, F. E." box="[1098,1225,181,205]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 73
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFA9AF08C13CCFF7E" author="Jung, P." page="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFA9AF08C1651FF5F" author="Jung, P." box="[1299,1407,181,206]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 4, figs. 10, 11.
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|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF1EF0C9172FFE98" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,298]" box="[151,1025,242,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8751FFFBFF1EF0C9172FFE98" box="[151,1025,242,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFF1EF0C91290FE99" authority="Mayer" authorityName="Mayer" box="[151,446,243,267]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oliviforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF1EF0C91258FE99" box="[151,374,243,267]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Terebellum oliviforme</emphasis>
|
||
Mayer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFE51F0C911E2FE98" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[472,716,242,267]" page="25" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1880">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFE51F0C911A3FE99" author="de Gregorio, A." box="[472,653,243,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" refId="ref34236" refString="de Gregorio, A. (1880) Fauna di S. Giovanni Ilarione (Parisiano). Part 1. Cefalopodi e Gasteropodi. Montaina, Palermo, 106 pp." type="book" year="1880">de Gregorio 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 25
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848751FFFBFD5FF0C910AEFE99" author="Jung, P." box="[726,896,243,267]" page="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD5FF0C9106FFE99" author="Jung, P." box="[726,833,243,267]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 17
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, pl. 4, fig. 5.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF1EF12B11BEFEBB" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,298]" box="[151,656,273,298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFF1EF12B127FFEBB" authority="(Seraphs)" box="[151,337,273,297]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Seraphs">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF1EF12B13C7FEBB" box="[151,233,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Seraphs</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF71F12B1264FEBB" box="[248,330,273,297]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Seraphs</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFEF2F12812C3FEBB" author="Jung, P." box="[379,493,273,298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl. 5, figs. 1, 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328651E8751FFFBFF1EF16210A0FE28" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF1EF16211FDFE04" blockId="11.[151,1437,343,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF1EF162126BFEE3" bold="true" box="[151,325,343,370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
We designate
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFE6FF16D11BDFEE3" author="Leymerie, M. A." box="[486,659,343,369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="339 - 373" refId="ref37538" refString="Leymerie, M. A. (1846) Memoire sur le Terrain a Nummulites (Epicretace) des Corbieres et de la Montage Noire. Vol. 1. Part 2. P. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 339 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1846">Leymerie 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 33, pl. XVI, no. 9 as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548988378751FFFBFC45F16D1718FEE3" box="[972,1078,343,369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548988378751FFFBFBFBF16D17F7FEE3" box="[1138,1241,343,369]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measures
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B708751FFFBFAC7F16D16B3FEE0" box="[1358,1437,343,370]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="58.0">58 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length, with a width of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCA9B708751FFFBFE30F1461126FE04" box="[441,520,380,406]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD9FF14111E8FE04" author="Leymerie, M. A." box="[534,710,379,406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="339 - 373" refId="ref37538" refString="Leymerie, M. A. (1846) Memoire sur le Terrain a Nummulites (Epicretace) des Corbieres et de la Montage Noire. Vol. 1. Part 2. P. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 339 - 373." type="book chapter" year="1846">Leymerie 1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF4EF19A10A0FE28" blockId="11.[151,1437,343,838]" box="[199,910,415,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88751FFFBFF4EF19A10A4FE28" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081316" box="[199,906,415,442]" country="France" location="Montagne Noire" municipality="Carcassonne" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF4EF19A1248FE2B" bold="true" box="[199,358,415,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548988378751FFFBFF4EF19A122CFE28" box="[199,258,416,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="8EED604E8751FFFBFEE5F19A1106FE2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838750FFFBFF1EF76510B2FCD7:8EED604E8751FFFBFEE5F19A1106FE2B" box="[364,552,415,442]" country="France" municipality="Carcassonne" name="Montagne Noire" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Montagne Noire</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE9ACEF8751FFFBFDBAF19A11EDFE28" box="[563,707,416,442]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Carcassonne</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFD47F19A1034FE28" box="[718,794,416,442]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
[Eocene]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328651E8751FFFBFF4EF1F912EFFD90" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF4EF1F912EFFD90" blockId="11.[151,1437,343,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF4EF1F9126CFE4F" bold="true" box="[199,322,451,477]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The shell is smooth and ovate. The spire is moderately high and blunted. The columella is straight, and the aperture is narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328651E8751FFFBFF4EF23116AAFD24" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF4EF23116AAFD24" blockId="11.[151,1437,343,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF4EF231124FFDB7" bold="true" box="[199,353,523,549]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
EOCENE—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFE7BF231117AFDB7" box="[498,596,523,549]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFE7BF231117AFDB7" box="[498,596,523,549]" name="Pakistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Bhagothoro Hill,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778751FFFBFCA9F2311078FDB7" box="[800,854,523,549]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Sind</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Laki Beds (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFC6AF2361772FDB4" author="Jung, P." box="[995,1116,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Zinda Pir (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFB61F236164CFDB4" author="Jung, P." box="[1256,1378,524,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFAFCF2361275FDD8" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Republic of Georgia</emphasis>
|
||
Akhaltsikhe (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFE7DF20A1143FDD8" author="Jung, P." box="[500,621,560,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFDF6F20A1181FDDB" box="[639,687,560,585]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFDF6F20A1181FDDB" box="[639,687,560,585]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Iran</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Transcaspia or northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFC4BF2151728FDDB" box="[962,1030,559,585]" name="Iran" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Persia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFB9DF20A178CFDD8" author="Eames, F. E." box="[1044,1186,559,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFB3DF20A17DAFDD8" box="[1204,1268,560,586]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFB3DF20A17DAFDD8" box="[1204,1268,560,586]" name="Spain" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFA8BF20A16BEFDD8" author="Eames, F. E." box="[1282,1424,559,586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF1EF2691235FDFF" box="[151,283,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFF1EF2691235FDFF" box="[151,283,595,621]" name="Switzerland" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFEA1F26E1298FDFC" author="Eames, F. E." box="[296,438,595,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFE41F26912D5FDFF" box="[456,507,595,621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFE41F26912D5FDFF" box="[456,507,595,621]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD81F26E11B8FDFC" author="Eames, F. E." box="[520,662,595,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFD21F26E11D7FDFF" box="[680,761,596,621]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFD21F26E11D7FDFF" box="[680,761,596,621]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFC8FF26E10BDFDFC" author="Eames, F. E." box="[774,915,595,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Bartonian/Lutetian—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFB1CF26E17DBFDFC" box="[1173,1269,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFB1CF26E17DBFDFC" box="[1173,1269,596,622]" name="Armenia" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Armenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFA8BF26E16BEFDFC" author="Eames, F. E." box="[1282,1424,595,622]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Bartonian—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFEABF24D127BFD03" box="[290,341,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFEABF24D127BFD03" box="[290,341,631,657]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFEE1F24212D2FD00" author="Eames, F. E." box="[360,508,631,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Lutetian—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFD04F24211F0FD03" box="[653,734,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFD04F24211F0FD03" box="[653,734,632,657]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD79F24210AAFD00" author="Eames, F. E." box="[752,900,631,658]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFC15F24D10E1FD03" box="[924,975,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFC15F24D10E1FD03" box="[924,975,631,657]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The Bavarian Alps and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFB7DF24D16B2FD03" box="[1268,1436,631,657]" name="Bahrein Island" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Bahrein Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFF16F2A61200FD24" author="Eames, F. E." box="[159,302,667,694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Ypresian—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFE36F2A6113EFD27" box="[447,528,668,693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFE36F2A6113EFD27" box="[447,528,668,693]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFD97F2A61180FD24" author="Eames, F. E." box="[542,686,667,694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref34832" refString="Eames, F. E. (1952) A contribution to the study of the Eocene in Western Pakistan and Western India C. The description of the Scaphopoda and Gastropoda from standard sections in the Rakhi Nala and Zinda Pir areas of the Western Piunjab and in the Kohat District. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 236, 1 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rstb. 1952.0001" type="journal article" year="1952">Eames 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). PALEOCENE—Thanetian—
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFB83F2A61775FD27" box="[1034,1115,668,693]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32576058751FFFBFB83F2A61775FD27" box="[1034,1115,668,693]" name="France" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Carcassonne (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFB77F2A61659FD24" author="Jung, P." box="[1278,1399,668,694]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C328651E8751FFFBFF4EF2FA10B2FCD7" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8D36958751FFFBFF4EF2FA10B2FCD7" blockId="11.[151,1437,343,838]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF4EF2FA1215FD48" bold="true" box="[199,315,704,730]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
One of the earliest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFD94F2851159FD4B" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[541,631,703,729]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFD94F2851159FD4B" box="[541,631,703,729]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Seraphs</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, arising during the Thanetian,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFC5CF2FA1740FD4B" box="[981,1134,704,730]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcasense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFC5CF2FA1740FD4B" box="[981,1134,704,730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. carcasense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the current candidate to link the Palaeocene west African
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFD85F2DE1145FD6F" baseAuthorityName="Vincent" baseAuthorityYear="1913" box="[524,619,740,766]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFD85F2DE1145FD6F" box="[524,619,740,766]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. minus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the later
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFC8AF2D91073FD6F" authorityName="Montfort" authorityYear="1810" box="[771,861,739,765]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFC8AF2D91073FD6F" box="[771,861,739,765]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">Seraphs</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
radiations complex during the Eocene. While sharing similarities with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFEF3F33212CAFCB3" baseAuthorityName="Brander" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[378,484,776,802]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sopitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFEF3F33212CAFCB3" box="[378,484,776,802]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. sopitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with which it has been synonymised (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648751FFFBFC7EF3321741FCB0" author="Jung, P." box="[1015,1135,776,802]" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the fossil records indicate that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168751FFFBFF41F3161271FCD7" box="[200,351,812,838]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="412" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="carcasense">
|
||
<emphasis id="B946EA878751FFFBFF41F3161271FCD7" box="[200,351,812,838]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="412">S. carcasense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
precedes that species, which arose in the Ypresian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |