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<mods:title id="D6D92D101185987612B5F0AA418D777F">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="064F0C264B91CAD563F2AB497F943EF9">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFF1EF2B3114FFD31" authority="(Merian, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Merian" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[151,609,649,676]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="procerus">
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<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF2B3128EFD36" bold="true" box="[151,416,649,676]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Paraseraphs procerus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFE26F2B31177FD31" author="Merian, R. R." box="[431,601,649,675]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="63 - 64" refId="ref39158" refString="Merian, R. R. (1844) Versteinerungen von Jamaika und Antigua. Bericht uber die Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 6, 63 - 64." type="journal article" year="1844">Merian, 1844</bibRefCitation>
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<figureCitation id="13092A108747FFEDFF1EF2941224FD5A" box="[151,266,686,712]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,188,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[213,1374,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 810). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 1618). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 1213). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 57). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026795/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Figure 7G</figureCitation>
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1844
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<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF5BF2C81283FC98" box="[210,429,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum procerum</emphasis>
Merian
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, p. 64.
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, p. 39
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, p. 517
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFB8FF2C813C0FCBB" authority="Merian" authorityName="Merian" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="procerum" subGenus="Terebellum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFB8FF2C81758FC98" box="[1030,1142,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFB0EF2C817D9FC98" box="[1159,1271,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFA81F2C91644FC98" box="[1288,1386,755,778]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">procerum</emphasis>
Merian
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, p. 192
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 25, figs. 5 to 7.
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, p. 39
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFC0CF32B1798FCBB" authority="Merian" authorityName="Merian" box="[901,1206,785,809]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="procerus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFC0CF32B174BFCBB" box="[901,1125,785,809]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Paraseraphs procerus</emphasis>
Merian
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, p. 39
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, pl. 10, figs. 11 &amp; 12, pl. 12, figs. 1 to 7, tf. 28. =
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<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFD1CF30A104AFCD5" box="[661,868,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum procerus</emphasis>
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, p. 4
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168747FFEDFF1EF3741124FCF4" authority="Trechmann" authorityName="Trechmann" box="[151,522,846,870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subdistortum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF37412BCFCF4" box="[151,402,846,870]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Terebellum subdistortum</emphasis>
Trechmann
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, p. 192
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFC93F37510ABFCF4" author="Jung, P." box="[794,901,846,871]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 39
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<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF3AF1268FC3C" bold="true" box="[151,326,916,943]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Type material.</emphasis>
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H14347. The type measures
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in length with a width of
<quantity id="4CCA9B708747FFEDFB78F3AE1678FC3D" box="[1265,1366,916,943]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" unit="mm" value="16.4">16.4 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFAEFF3AF13FDFC41" author="Jung, P." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF3E71043FC65" blockId="29.[151,1437,916,1375]" box="[199,877,988,1015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88747FFEDFF4EF3E71044FC65" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081331" box="[199,874,988,1015]" country="Jamaica" location="Yellow Limestone Group" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF3E71248FC64" bold="true" box="[199,358,988,1015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<typeStatus id="548988378747FFEDFF4EF3E7122CFC65" box="[199,258,989,1015]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E8747FFEDFEE2F3E611A7FC65" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838747FFEDFF1EF2B312C0FACD:8EED604E8747FFEDFEE2F3E611A7FC65" box="[363,649,988,1015]" country="Jamaica" name="Yellow Limestone Group" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Yellow Limestone Group</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFD1CF3E611C1FC64" box="[661,751,988,1014]" name="Jamaica" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
[Lutetian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF4EF43A10DBFBAC" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF43A10DBFBAC" blockId="29.[151,1437,916,1375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF43A126CFB88" bold="true" box="[199,322,1024,1050]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is elongated and has a moderately acute apex. The spire has three to four whorls and is slightly dorso-ventrally convex. The columella is slightly twisted at the base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF4EF47213CEFA85" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF47213CEFA85" blockId="29.[151,1437,916,1375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF472124FFBF0" bold="true" box="[199,353,1096,1122]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Distribution.</emphasis>
EOCENE—Priabonian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFD01F47311CBFBF0" box="[648,741,1097,1122]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFD01F47311CBFBF0" box="[648,741,1097,1122]" name="Panama" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Panama</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Gatuncillo Formation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFC66F472178DFBF1" author="Woodring, W. P." box="[1007,1187,1096,1123]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="147 - 239" refId="ref43358" refString="Woodring, W. P. (1959) Geology and paleontology of Canal zone and adjoining parts of Panama: descriptions of tertiary mollusks (Gastropods: Vermetidae to Thaididae). Geological Survey Professional Paper, 306 - B, 147 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / pp 306 B" type="book chapter" year="1959">Woodring 1959</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFB39F4731609FBF1" author="Jung, P." box="[1200,1319,1097,1123]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFABAF4721205FB15" author="Tripati, A. &amp; Zachos, J." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="4 - 14" refId="ref42554" refString="Tripati, A. &amp; Zachos, J. (2002) Late Eocene tropical sea surface temperatures: A perspective from Panama. Paleoceanography, 17 (3), 4 - 1 - 4 - 14 https: // doi. org / 10.1029 / 2000 PA 000605" type="journal article" year="2002">Tripati &amp; Zachos 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFEB5F45712B5FB14" box="[316,411,1133,1158]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFEB5F45712B5FB14" box="[316,411,1133,1158]" name="Jamaica" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Claremont Formation of Claremont, St.Ann (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFC1FF4571720FB15" author="Jung, P." box="[918,1038,1133,1159]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFBA9F457177DFB15" box="[1056,1107,1133,1159]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFBA9F457177DFB15" box="[1056,1107,1133,1159]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">USA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778747FFEDFBD0F4561784FB14" box="[1113,1194,1132,1158]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Florida</collectingRegion>
Crystal River Formation, Taylor County (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFEF6F4AB12D9FB39" author="Jung, P." box="[383,503,1169,1195]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFD83F4AB1181FB38" box="[522,687,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Lesser Antilles</emphasis>
St Bartholomew Formation of St Bartholomew Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFA9EF4AB16BEFB39" author="Jung, P." box="[1303,1424,1169,1195]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF1EF48E13D9FB5C" box="[151,247,1204,1230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFF1EF48E13D9FB5C" box="[151,247,1204,1230]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Boca de Serpiente formation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFDC1F48E11F4FB5D" author="Rutsch, R. F." box="[584,730,1204,1231]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="517 - 520" refId="ref41288" refString="Rutsch, R. F. (1939) Terebratulina kugleri, n. sp., from the Eocene of Soldado Rock. Journal of Paleontology, 13, 517 - 520." type="journal article" year="1939">Rutsch 1939</bibRefCitation>
). Lutetian/Bartonian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFC55F48F1715FB5C" box="[988,1083,1205,1230]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFC55F48F1715FB5C" box="[988,1083,1205,1230]" name="Jamaica" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Yellow Limestone Group (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFAEFF48F13FDFB61" author="Jung, P." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF61F4E3120CFB60" box="[232,290,1241,1266]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058747FFEDFF61F4E3120CFB60" box="[232,290,1241,1266]" name="Haiti" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Haiti</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Plaisance Limestone (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFDABF4E311B3FB61" author="Jung, P." box="[546,669,1241,1267]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFD3BF4E311DCFB61" box="[690,754,1241,1267]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Spain</emphasis>
Santa Maria Formation Manresa, Barcelona Province (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFAEFF4E313FDFA85" author="Jung, P." pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8747FFEDFF4EF51B12C0FACD" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958747FFEDFF4EF51B12C0FACD" blockId="29.[151,1437,916,1375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">
<emphasis id="B946EA878747FFEDFF4EF51B1215FAA9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1313,1339]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430">Remarks.</emphasis>
Known from internal casts and poor quality material, the taxon is variable in the slenderness and angle of the spire (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648747FFEDFEE1F57F12CFFACD" author="Jung, P." box="[360,481,1349,1375]" pageId="29" pageNumber="430" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>