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<document id="9A1BB36144C4FAF13A3B48CDB57C1538" ID-CLB-Dataset="5563" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4990.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6a6dd89d-6b74-47ed-ba8e-71b526355b69" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5026777" ID-ZooBank="70610FEE-4497-4804-817C-CEC2D66DDBFE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1624542810433" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Maxwell, Stephen J., Rymer, Tasmin L. &amp; Congdon, Bradley C." docDate="2021" docId="039B87838746FFECFF1EF1A81613FB8D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4990.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4990 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraseraphs erraticus Cooper" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="429" masterDocId="FFA2FFFB875AFFF0FF89F03A132EFF92" masterDocTitle="Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)" masterLastPageNumber="453" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="429" updateTime="1699020302559" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="215B3D51594A6BE3A895C9353F6FC1D9">Resolving phylogenetic and classical nomenclature: A revision of Seraphsidae Jung, 1974 (Gastropoda: Neostromboidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6FD8275E8ECF89F09B4B90B1D07934EF">Maxwell, Stephen J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54ADDA7331EA30EC5DA9D80A03287937">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Stephen. maxwell @ my. jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4328 - 6171</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="460920845CD05E32049E5F70A6FE8062">Rymer, Tasmin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DD36FB8A900E1D6C00965D41CC74EDB">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Tamsin. rymer @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9963 - 6345</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D57631778BD90B4877DE5A4C983AF753">Congdon, Bradley C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40D6CB47A1D77FC57A66F9D4F92577FF">College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia. &amp; brad. congdon @ jcu. edu. au; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8751 - 0892</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="039B87838746FFECFF1EF1A81613FB8D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088714" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183411044" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5088714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838746FFECFF1EF1A81613FB8D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87838746FFECFF1EF1A81613FB8D" lastPageNumber="429" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF1EF1A8114EFE3E" box="[151,608,402,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFF1EF1A8114EFE3E" authority="(Cooper, 1894)" authorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[151,608,402,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erraticus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF1EF1A8114EFE3E" bold="true" box="[151,608,402,429]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF1EF1A8128CFE3F" bold="true" box="[151,418,402,429]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Paraseraphs erraticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFE38F1A81176FE3E" author="Cooper, J. G." box="[433,600,402,428]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref33419" refString="Cooper, J. G. (1894) Catalogue of Californian Fossils (Parts II, III, IV and V). California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin, No. 4, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 21546" type="book chapter" year="1894">Cooper, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF1EF18D1224FE43" box="[151,266,439,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF1EF18D1224FE43" blockId="28.[151,608,402,465]" box="[151,266,439,465]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<figureCitation id="13092A108746FFECFF1EF18D1224FE43" box="[151,266,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1652,1676]" captionTargetBox="[229,1357,188,1617]" captionTargetId="figure-19@26.[213,1374,181,1628]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 7. Paraseraphs Jung, 1974. A. Paraseraphs ameri (Abbass, 1967), Holotype, EMC, Gastropod Section, G363, incomplete (Abbass 1967, p. 61, pl. VIII, fig. 6). B. Paraseraphs armoricensis (Cossmann, 1897), Dumas Collection, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). C. Paraseraphs cantamessae Maxwell et al., 2018a, holotype, USNM 135097A, length 56.9 mm (Maxwell et al. 2018a, fig. 1). D. Paraseraphs erraticus (Cooper, 1894)), UCMP 15820, length 26.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 8–10). E. Paraseraphs placitus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H14491, length 22.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 16–18). F. Paraseraphs praecedens Caze et al., 2010, holotype, MNHN A05707, Collection de Paleontologie, Paris, length 19 mm (Caze et al. 2010, figs. 29E, F). G. Paraseraphs procerus (Merian, 1844), holotype, NMB H14374, length 71.8 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 12, figs. 1, 2). H. Paraseraphs propedistortus (de Gregorio, 1880), NMB H14509, length 53.2 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 11, figs. 12–13). I. Paraseraphs tetanus Jung, 1974, holotype, NMB H15409, length 28.7 mm (Jung 1974, pl. 10, figs. 5–7). J) Paraseraphs texanopsis Garvie, 2013, Texas Natural Science Centre, UT(Austin), NPL46617, length 53.3 mm (Garvie 2013, pl. 1, figs. 10, 11)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5026795" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5026795/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Figure 7D</figureCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF1EF1C11605FDFD" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF1EF1C1118AFDC3" blockId="28.[151,1437,507,624]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8746FFECFF1EF1C1118AFDC3" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
1894
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFF59F1C612F0FD81" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" box="[208,478,507,531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Cylichnidae" genus="Tornatina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cephalaspidea" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erratica">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF59F1C612A2FD81" box="[208,396,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Tornatina erratica</emphasis>
Cooper
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, p. 4.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFD92F1C611E8FD81" author="Jung, P." box="[539,710,507,532]" page="41" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFD92F1C611A8FD81" author="Jung, P." box="[539,646,507,532]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 41
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFD6DF1C1173EFD81" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" box="[740,1040,507,531]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erraticum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFD6DF1C11091FD81" box="[740,959,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Terebellum erraticum</emphasis>
Cooper
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFBA3F1C117FAFD81" author="Jung, P." box="[1066,1236,507,531]" page="41" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFBA3F1C117BAFD81" author="Jung, P." box="[1066,1172,507,531]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 41
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFB7AF1C1123CFDA0" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erratica">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFB7AF1C116B3FD81" box="[1267,1437,507,531]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Seraphs erratica</emphasis>
Cooper
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFEA5F22012F4FDA0" author="Jung, P." box="[300,474,538,562]" page="41" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFEA5F22012B6FDA0" author="Jung, P." box="[300,408,538,562]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 41
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. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFE72F220102FFDA0" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" box="[507,769,538,562]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Seraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erraticus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFE72F2201181FDA3" box="[507,687,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Seraphs erraticus</emphasis>
Cooper
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFC93F22010D5FDA0" author="Effinger, W. L." box="[794,1019,538,562]" page="381" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1938">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFC93F2201082FDA0" author="Effinger, W. L." box="[794,940,538,562]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="355 - 390" refId="ref34912" refString="Effinger, W. L. (1938) The Griens Ranch Fauna (Oligocene) of Western Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 12, 355 - 390." type="journal article" year="1938">Effinger 1938</bibRefCitation>
, p. 381
</treatmentCitation>
. =
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFB95F220167DFDA0" authority="Cooper" authorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1052,1363,538,562]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erraticus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFB95F220162EFDA3" box="[1052,1280,538,562]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Paraseraphs erraticus</emphasis>
Cooper
</taxonomicName>
—
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFAE4F2201215FDC3" author="Jung, P." page="41" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFAE4F22013D2FDC3" author="Jung, P." pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 41
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. 12, figs. 8–16, pl. 13, figs. 1–3.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF1EF26D1605FDFD" blockId="28.[151,1437,507,624]" box="[151,1323,599,624]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2211BB8746FFECFF1EF26D1605FDFD" box="[151,1323,599,624]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
1939
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFF59F26D1120FDFD" authority="Vokes" authorityName="Vokes" authorityYear="1939" box="[208,526,599,623]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Terebellum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californicum">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF59F26D12E6FDFD" box="[208,456,599,623]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Terebellum californicum</emphasis>
Vokes
</taxonomicName>
, p. 157, pl. 20, figs. 7, 8, 11.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFCBCF26210CEFDFD" author="Jung, P." box="[821,992,599,624]" page="41" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1974">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFCBCF262108EFDFD" author="Jung, P." box="[821,928,599,624]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
, p. 41
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="0A9310848746FFECFC63F2621609FDFD" author="Hanna, D. &amp; Hertlein, L. G." box="[1002,1319,599,623]" page="394" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" year="1949">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFC63F26217F5FDFD" author="Hanna, D. &amp; Hertlein, L. G." box="[1002,1243,599,623]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="392 - 394" refId="ref36105" refString="Hanna, D. &amp; Hertlein, L. G. (1949) Two new species of Gastropods from the Middle Eocene of California. Journal of Paleontology, 23, 392 - 394." type="journal article" year="1949">Hanna &amp; Hertlein 1949</bibRefCitation>
, p. 394
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF1EF2A7126BFD25" bold="true" box="[151,325,669,695]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="548988378746FFECFEC5F2A7129BFD25" box="[332,437,669,695]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
—
<specimenCode id="DB949EEE8746FFECFE58F2A71115FD25" box="[465,571,669,695]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="Museum">CAS 608</specimenCode>
. The length is
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and width approximately
<quantity id="4CCA9B708746FFECFBE1F2A71790FD2A" box="[1128,1214,669,696]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFB45F2A7164DFD25" author="Cooper, J. G." box="[1228,1379,669,695]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref33419" refString="Cooper, J. G. (1894) Catalogue of Californian Fossils (Parts II, III, IV and V). California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin, No. 4, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 21546" type="book chapter" year="1894">Cooper 1894</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF4EF2FB170EFD4E" blockId="28.[151,1437,669,1056]" box="[199,1056,705,732]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<materialsCitation id="3B5A3CC88746FFECFF4EF2FB1732FD4E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320081351" box="[199,1052,705,732]" country="United States of America" county="San Diego County" location="Rose Canyon" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF4EF2FB1248FD49" bold="true" box="[199,358,705,731]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<typeStatus id="548988378746FFECFF4EF2FB122CFD49" box="[199,258,705,731]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="8EED604E8746FFECFEE5F2F8112BFD49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039B87838746FFECFF1EF1A81613FB8D:8EED604E8746FFECFEE5F2F8112BFD49" box="[364,517,705,732]" country="United States of America" county="San Diego County" name="Rose Canyon" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" stateProvince="California">Rose Canyon</location>
,
<collectingCounty id="62EC4E198746FFECFD99F2FB11CFFD49" box="[528,737,705,731]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">San Diego County</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFD65F2FB104EFD49" box="[748,864,705,731]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32576058746FFECFCE2F2FB108FFD49" box="[875,929,705,731]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">USA</collectingCountry>
[Lutetian]
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF4EF2DF1145FCD5" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF4EF2DF1145FCD5" blockId="28.[151,1437,669,1056]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF4EF2DF126CFD6D" bold="true" box="[199,322,741,767]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
The shell is moderately slender, the surface of the shell is smooth and the spire moderately high. The sutures of prior whorls are visible within the canal. The labrum is not thickened and the suture is indistinct. The columella is bent backward near the base.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF4EF36B11BBFC45" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF4EF36B11BBFC45" blockId="28.[151,1437,669,1056]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF4EF36B124FFCF9" bold="true" box="[199,353,849,875]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Distribution.</emphasis>
EOCENE—
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFE7CF3681106FCFE" box="[501,552,850,876]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058746FFECFE7CF3681106FCFE" box="[501,552,850,876]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">USA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Rose Canyon, San Diego County,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFC4AF36B171BFCF9" box="[963,1077,849,875]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFBCFF36B17EDFCF9" author="Jung, P." box="[1094,1219,849,875]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Lutetian/Bartoni- an—
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF47F34C122FFC02" box="[206,257,886,912]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058746FFECFF47F34C122FFC02" box="[206,257,886,912]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">USA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFE81F34F1254FC1D" box="[264,378,885,911]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
Media Creek area, Kern County,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFD7AF34F104BFC1D" box="[755,869,885,911]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
(‘Mallory’ in
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFB8AF34C1755FC1D" author="Jung, P." box="[1027,1147,885,912]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFB07F34F17C0FC1D" box="[1166,1262,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058746FFECFB07F34F17C0FC1D" box="[1166,1262,885,911]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Boca de Serpiente Formation of Soldado Rock (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFD90F3A311BAFC21" author="Jung, P." box="[537,660,921,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
). Lutetian—
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFCABF3A0107BFC26" box="[802,853,922,948]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<collectingCountry id="F32576058746FFECFCABF3A0107BFC26" box="[802,853,922,948]" name="United States of America" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">USA</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
Kern County,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFC77F3A3175EFC21" box="[1022,1136,921,947]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFBF6F3A316BEFC21" author="Hanna, D. &amp; Hertlein, L. G." box="[1151,1424,921,947]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="392 - 394" refId="ref36105" refString="Hanna, D. &amp; Hertlein, L. G. (1949) Two new species of Gastropods from the Middle Eocene of California. Journal of Paleontology, 23, 392 - 394." type="journal article" year="1949">Hanna &amp; Hertlein 1949</bibRefCitation>
). Domengine Beds,
<collectingRegion id="49F6F8778746FFECFEEEF38712F7FC45" box="[359,473,957,983]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">California</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFE6EF38711A6FC45" author="Effinger, W. L." box="[487,648,957,983]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="355 - 390" refId="ref34912" refString="Effinger, W. L. (1938) The Griens Ranch Fauna (Oligocene) of Western Washington. Journal of Paleontology, 12, 355 - 390." type="journal article" year="1938">Effinger 1938</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C328651E8746FFECFF4EF3DB1613FB8D" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8D36958746FFECFF4EF3DB1613FB8D" blockId="28.[151,1437,669,1056]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFF4EF3DB1215FC69" bold="true" box="[199,315,993,1019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="548988378746FFECFEFAF3DB12FBFC69" box="[371,469,993,1019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFE70F3D81006FC69" authority="(Cooper, 1894)" authorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityName="Cooper" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[505,808,993,1019]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erraticus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFE70F3D81156FC69" box="[505,632,994,1019]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">P. erraticus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFD0FF3DB100EFC69" author="Cooper, J. G." box="[646,800,993,1019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref33419" refString="Cooper, J. G. (1894) Catalogue of Californian Fossils (Parts II, III, IV and V). California State Mining Bureau, Bulletin, No. 4, 1 - 65. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 21546" type="book chapter" year="1894">Cooper, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is an incomplete shell lacking the base (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFB6EF3DB164EFC69" author="Jung, P." box="[1255,1376,993,1019]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
). It is comparable to
<taxonomicName id="4C324D168746FFECFEB7F43C11ABFB8D" authority="(Vokes, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Vokes" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[318,645,1029,1055]" class="Gastropoda" family="Seraphsidae" genus="Paraseraphs" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="californicus">
<emphasis id="B946EA878746FFECFEB7F43C12F1FB8D" box="[318,479,1029,1055]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="429">P. californicus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFE64F43F1153FB8D" author="Vokes, H. E." box="[493,637,1029,1055]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 246" refId="ref42882" refString="Vokes, H. E. (1939) Molluscan faunas of the Domengine and Arroyo Hondo formations of the California Eocene. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 18, 1 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1749 - 6632.1939. tb 55368. x" type="journal article" year="1939">Vokes, 1939</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and they are herein considered the same species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA34B648746FFECFB3EF43F161EFB8D" author="Jung, P." box="[1207,1328,1029,1055]" pageId="28" pageNumber="429" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref36677" refString="Jung, P. (1974) A revision of the family Seraphsidae (Gastropoda: Strombacea). Palaeontographica Americana, 8, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1974">Jung 1974</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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