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<mods:title id="59A980E6A600D262D37E5C2CE4DA4E48">Taxonomy and ecology of genus Phlogophora Treitschke, 1825 (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) in Indian Himalaya with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542E8E3D56B0FEA9B251FF54" ID-CoL="4GHJH" authority="Leech, 1900" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,627,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">
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<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56B0FEA9B1FAFF57" bold="true" box="[151,472,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Phlogophora subpurpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D57F8FEA9B251FF54" author="Leech, J. H." box="[479,627,151,177]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" pagination="9 - 162" refId="ref20763" refString="Leech, J. H. (1900) Heterocera of Northern China, Japan, and Corea. Part III. Transactions of the Society of London, I, 9 - 162." type="journal article" year="1900">Leech, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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[
<figureCitation id="130105E2542E8E3D56B9FE85B13EFF30" box="[158,284,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 11–18" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1874,1898]" captionTargetBox="[190,1391,209,1821]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1436,181,1850]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11–18. Habitus images of Phlogophora spp. 11. Phlogophora albovittata (Moore, 1867); 12. Phlogophora pectinata (Warren, 1888); 13. Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900 (dorsal); 14. Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900 (ventral); 15. Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore, 1882); 16. Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson, 1894); 17. Phlogophora striatovirens (Moore, 1867); 18. Phlogophora discisignata (Moore, 1867)*. *Image procured from Dr Péter Gyulai, Hungary, through personal correspondence." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756738" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756738/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Fig. 13, 14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130105E2542E8E3D570FFE85B153FF30" box="[296,369,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–46" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[346,1236,194,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-19@17.[339,1247,181,1867]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 39–46. Male genitalia images of Phlogophora spp. 39–40. Phlogophora pectinata (Warren, 1888), Uttarakhand, Gen. prep. WHLEP_133; 41–42. Phlogophora subpurpurea Leech, 1900, Uttarakhand, Gen. prep. AS/CK31/3/03.VI.18/8; 43–44. Phlogophora calamistrata (Moore, 1882), Sikkim, Gen. prep. KB/DZ19/1/24.XI.19/11; 45–46. Phlogophora plumbeola (Hampson, 1894), Uttarakhand, Gen. prep. GLA_4.2." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5756746" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5756746/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">41, 42</figureCitation>
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<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56B0FF3EB186FEFD" box="[151,420,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Phlogophora subpurpurea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D578DFF3EB208FEFD" author="Leech, J. H." box="[426,554,256,280]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" pagination="9 - 162" refId="ref20763" refString="Leech, J. H. (1900) Heterocera of Northern China, Japan, and Corea. Part III. Transactions of the Society of London, I, 9 - 162." type="journal article" year="1900">Leech, 1900</bibRefCitation>
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,
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D5413FF3EB2F9FEF2" box="[564,731,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Trans. Ent. Soc.,</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D54C5FEC1B2D9FEF2" bold="true" box="[738,763,255,279]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">48</emphasis>
: 71.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56B0FF20B46CFED3" blockId="18.[151,1102,255,341]" box="[151,1102,286,310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542E8E3D56B0FF20B226FED3" authority="(Leech)" baseAuthorityName="Leech" box="[151,516,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Trigonophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56B0FF20B189FED3" box="[151,427,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Trigonophora subpurpurea</emphasis>
(Leech)
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D542AFF21B292FED3" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[525,688,286,310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" refId="ref20294" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1908) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Volume VII. Order of the Trustees, London, 709 + 28 pp." type="book" year="1908">Hampson, 1908</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D549DFF21B3D6FED3" box="[698,1012,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Cat. Lepid. Phalaenae Br. Mus</emphasis>
.,
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D5220FF20B436FED3" bold="true" box="[1031,1044,286,310]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">7</emphasis>
: 490.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542E8E3D56B0FF03B390FEB0" box="[151,946,317,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56B0FF03B390FEB0" blockId="18.[151,1102,255,341]" box="[151,946,317,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542E8E3D56B0FF03B1CEFEB0" authority="Leech" authorityName="Leech" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,492,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subpurpurea">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56B0FF03B186FEB0" box="[151,420,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Phlogophora subpurpurea</emphasis>
Leech
</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D57D3FF03B286FEB0" author="Yoshimoto, H." box="[500,676,317,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" pagination="95 - 139" refId="ref21754" refString="Yoshimoto, H. (1994) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14, pp. 95 - 139." type="journal article" year="1994">Yoshimoto, 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D5489FF00B2E0FEB0" box="[686,706,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">in</emphasis>
Haruta,
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D553DFF00B37BFEB0" box="[794,857,318,341]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542E8E3D553DFF00B377FEB0" box="[794,853,318,341]" class="Insecta" family="Tineidae" genus="Tinea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tinea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D5578FF03B35AFEB0" bold="true" box="[863,888,317,341]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">14</emphasis>
: 110.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542E8E3D56B0FFBDB247FDB7" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56B0FFBDB2A9FE78" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" box="[151,651,386,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542E8E3D56B0FFBDB2A9FE78" box="[151,651,386,413]" country="China" location="Sichuan" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56B0FFBDB11BFE78" bold="true" box="[151,313,387,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<typeStatus id="5481A7C5542E8E3D56B0FFBDB0F0FE78" box="[151,210,387,413]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Ta-Chien-lu [
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542E8E3D57F3FFBDB23EFE78" box="[468,540,387,413]" name="China" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542E8E3D540FFFBCB2A7FE78" box="[552,645,386,413]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
]
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FF99B435FE03" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56E0FF99B19AFE24" bold="true" box="[199,440,423,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Material examined:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542E8E3D57E4FF99B431FE03" collectingDate="2016-08-30" collectorName="A. K. Sanyal" country="India" elevation="2258" latitude="31.78847" location="Shakti" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.49486" municipality="Great Himalayan National Park" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542E8E3D57E4FF99B223FE24" box="[451,513,423,449]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">India</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542E8E3D5436FF99B21DFE27" box="[529,575,423,450]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542E8E3D5475FF99B305FE24" box="[594,807,423,449]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
, Dist. Kullu,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D542E8E3D55ECFF99B51CFE24" box="[971,1342,423,449]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Great Himalayan National Park</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542E8E3D5369FF99B5BAFE24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B:8EE54FBC542E8E3D5369FF99B5BAFE24" box="[1358,1432,423,449]" country="India" latitude="31.78847" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.49486" municipality="Great Himalayan National Park" name="Shakti" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Shakti</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D56B0FFF5B10BFE03" box="[151,297,459,486]" degrees="31.78847" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="31.78847">31.78847° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D5712FFF5B1F3FE03" box="[309,465,459,486]" degrees="077.49486" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="77.49486">077.49486° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D57FAFFF5B216FE03" box="[477,564,459,486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.258" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="2258.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542E8E3D57FAFFF5B216FE03" box="[477,564,459,486]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.258" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="2258.0">2258 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542E8E3D5467FFF5B2C1FE00" box="[576,739,459,486]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2016-08-30">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542E8E3D5467FFF5B2C1FE00" box="[576,739,459,486]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2016-08-30">30. VIII. 2016</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26CF7CB1542E8E3D5502FFF5B397FE00" box="[805,949,459,486]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">A. K. Sanyal</collectorName>
&amp; team
</materialsCitation>
;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FFD1B247FDB7" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542E8E3D56E0FFD1B116FDC8" collectingDate="2012-07-15" elevation="3200" latitude="31.12172" location="Changsil" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.99303" municipality="Govind Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542E8E3D56E0FFD1B0D3FDEF" box="[199,241,495,522]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542E8E3D56D9FFD1B1A9FDEC" box="[254,395,495,521]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
, Dist. Uttarkashi,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D542E8E3D5473FFD1B3A0FDEC" box="[596,898,495,521]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Govind Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542E8E3D55ABFFD1B3D0FDEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B:8EE54FBC542E8E3D55ABFFD1B3D0FDEC" box="[908,1010,495,521]" latitude="31.12172" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.99303" municipality="Govind Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Changsil" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Changsil</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D55DAFFD1B4ADFDEF" box="[1021,1167,495,522]" degrees="31.12172" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="31.12172">31.12172° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D52BDFFD1B517FDEF" box="[1178,1333,495,522]" degrees="077.99303" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="77.99303">077.99303° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D5366FFD1B5B5FDEF" box="[1345,1431,495,522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="3200.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542E8E3D5366FFD1B5B5FDEF" box="[1345,1431,495,522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542E8E3D56B0FC2DB116FDC8" box="[151,308,531,558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2012-07-15">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542E8E3D56B0FC2DB116FDC8" box="[151,308,531,558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2012-07-15">15. VII. 2012</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B52133A542E8E3D5767FC2DB221FDB4" collectingDate="2018-07-03" collectorName="A. K. Sanyal" elevation="3065" latitude="29.92711" location="Vayman" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.38988" municipality="Askot Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
<specimenCount id="9D3CD2EE542E8E3D5767FC2DB1A0FDCB" box="[320,386,531,558]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, Dist. Pithoragarh,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BE1831D542E8E3D5479FC2DB35CFDC8" box="[606,894,531,557]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Askot Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EE54FBC542E8E3D55ADFC2AB3CBFDCB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0393A871542E8E3D56B0FEA9B43AFB8B:8EE54FBC542E8E3D55ADFC2AB3CBFDCB" box="[906,1001,532,558]" latitude="29.92711" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="80.38988" municipality="Askot Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Vayman" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">Vayman</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D55D2FC2DB4AAFDCB" box="[1013,1160,531,558]" degrees="29.92711" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="29.92711">29.92711° N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE0E7FA0542E8E3D52B3FC2DB510FDCB" box="[1172,1330,531,558]" degrees="080.38988" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" precision="1" value="80.38988">080.38988° E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D5318FC2DB5B5FDCB" box="[1343,1431,531,558]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.065" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="3065.0">
<elevation id="0017FE54542E8E3D5318FC2DB5B5FDCB" box="[1343,1431,531,558]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.065" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="3065.0">3065 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FF843FA7542E8E3D56B0FC09B113FDB4" box="[151,305,567,594]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2018-07-03">
<collectingDate id="EFC0C64F542E8E3D56B0FC09B113FDB4" box="[151,305,567,594]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" value="2018-07-03">03. VII. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
; coll.
<collectorName id="26CF7CB1542E8E3D5754FC09B221FDB4" box="[371,515,567,594]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">A. K. Sanyal</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
&amp; team.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542E8E3D56E0FC65B3F5FC70" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FC65B428FCCC" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56E0FC65B166FD90" bold="true" box="[199,324,603,629]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Wing expanse: Male:
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D5463FC65B2E2FD93" box="[580,704,603,630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="59.0" valueMax="60.0" valueMin="58.0">58–60 mm</quantity>
, female:
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D550FFC65B387FD93" box="[808,933,603,630]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.6" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="47.0" valueMax="48.0" valueMin="46.0">46–48 mm</quantity>
. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A62E4542E8E3D520EFC62B4F5FD90" baseAuthorityName="Draudt" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[1065,1239,603,629]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Phlogophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meticulodina">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D520EFC62B4F5FD90" box="[1065,1239,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">P. meticulodina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but easily distinguishable by the scarlet red coloration of underside of palpi, thorax and abdomen; forewing much darker, rufous brown with purplish suffusion, markings dark chocolate brown; orbicular, reniform and lower half of postmedial line marked with purplish white; a narrow silvery-grey line originating from a same coloured apical patch along outer margin which becomes obsolete in the middle. Hindwing pale brown with flesh coloured tinge; outer margin greyish; underside of both wings crimson red with prominent postmedial lines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FD0DB3F5FC70" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56E0FD0DB15FFCA8" bold="true" box="[199,381,819,845]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
Uncus hook shaped; valva apically narrow, medio ventrally broadened; basal plate of harpe moderately sclerotised; clasper long, blunt, round-tipped; ampulla very small, less sclerotised; in aedeagus, carina region with a thumb like sclerotised plate; vesica without any scobination.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3204AEC542E8E3D56E0FDA1B43AFB8B" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FDA1B2EEFC38" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56E0FDA1B190FC5C" bold="true" box="[199,434,927,953]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F32D59F7542E8E3D574EFDA1B18FFC5C" box="[361,429,927,953]" name="India" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">India</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542E8E3D579FFDA1B2A5FC5C" box="[440,647,927,953]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49FED785542E8E3D54B6FDA1B339FC5C" box="[657,795,927,953]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D550EFDA1B3FAFC5C" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[809,984,927,953]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" refId="ref20294" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1908) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum, Volume VII. Order of the Trustees, London, 709 + 28 pp." type="book" year="1908">Hampson 1908</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D55CDFDA1B466FC5C" bold="true" box="[1002,1092,927,953]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Global:</emphasis>
Pakistan, Nepal, China (Tibet) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D56B8FDFDB105FC38" author="Leech, J. H." box="[159,295,963,989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" pagination="9 - 162" refId="ref20763" refString="Leech, J. H. (1900) Heterocera of Northern China, Japan, and Corea. Part III. Transactions of the Society of London, I, 9 - 162." type="journal article" year="1900">Leech 1900</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D5715FDFDB1CFFC38" author="Yoshimoto, H." box="[306,493,963,989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" pagination="95 - 139" refId="ref21754" refString="Yoshimoto, H. (1994) Noctuidae. In: Haruta, T. (Ed.), Moths of Nepal. Part 3. Tinea, 14, pp. 95 - 139." type="journal article" year="1994">Yoshimoto 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB6496542E8E3D57DEFDFDB2E2FC38" author="Balint, Zs. &amp; Katona, G. &amp; Gubanyi, A." box="[505,704,963,989]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" refId="ref19607" refString="Balint, Zs., Katona, G. &amp; Gubanyi, A. (2014) A life for Noctuidae. The owlet moths of Marton Hreblay. Names specimens and types. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, 270 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Bálint
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D5462FDFAB25FFC38" box="[581,637,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B851967542E8E3D56E0FDD9B43AFB8B" blockId="18.[151,1437,386,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">
<emphasis id="B94EC575542E8E3D56E0FDD9B16FFBE4" bold="true" box="[199,333,999,1025]" pageId="18" pageNumber="329">Bionomics:</emphasis>
Distributed in North-Western and Western Himalaya and mostly active in altitudinal range of
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D56B0FA35B115FBC3" box="[151,311,1035,1062]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="m" value="3100.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000–3200 m</quantity>
, covering sub-alpine and alpine habitats. Seasonal window is also very narrow, activity recorded mostly during transition of pre-monsoon and monsoon, in the months of July–August within an average trap night temperature range of 7–11 ºC and annual precipitation range of
<quantity id="4CC2B482542E8E3D5546FA6DB436FB8B" box="[865,1044,1107,1134]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="329" unit="mm" value="1400.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1100.0">1100–1700 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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