179 lines
19 KiB
XML
179 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="61AC4B1C65124BFE43C5761B2D378252" ID-CLB-Dataset="30973" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4374.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fbeb026f-5afd-48d9-a72f-11a08f25b401" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1154422" ID-ZooBank="CDD9FFDA-6F87-41D9-89B3-07FFD41D4B0D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1516263827350" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M." docDate="2018" docId="B07587AC3131DB2CFF16EFBC19B4FC15" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4374.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4374 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Synaphosus Platnick & Shadab 1980" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="236" masterDocId="4C4CFFD43130DB2DFF81EE101A63FFE6" masterDocTitle="New data on Synaphosus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Southeast Asia" masterLastPageNumber="248" masterPageNumber="235" pageNumber="236" updateTime="1698515660355" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="624E8F873BEB201071FA633A27C5906A">New data on Synaphosus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Southeast Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AB18E203AF44810E93C1D7BEA0A7A324">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="27E98D8F97EC40AF1232E9DAC936663B">Omelko, Mikhail M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5D65176EFB51A7D3B87B6FD1E7F3964F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E4893D692B51651CEFA9B0EC35F52983">2018</mods:date>
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<treatment id="B07587AC3131DB2CFF16EFBC19B4FC15" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3513659" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140386610" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3513659" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B07587AC3131DB2CFF16EFBC19B4FC15" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B07587AC3131DB2CFF16EFBC19B4FC15" lastPageNumber="236" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF16EFBC1804FE20" blockId="1.[151,615,428,454]" box="[151,615,428,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFF16EFBC1804FE20" ID-CoL="7QZW" ID-ENA="1812150" authority="Platnick & Shadab, 1980" authorityName="Platnick & Shadab" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,615,428,454]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EFBC1804FE20" bold="true" box="[151,615,428,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EFBC1B4BFE20" bold="true" box="[151,296,428,454]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Synaphosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFEAEEFBC1804FE20" author="Platnick" box="[303,615,428,454]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1980) A revision of the North American spider genera Nodocion, Litopyllus, and Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2691, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1980">Platnick & Shadab, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70C665313131DB2CFF16EFE21877FDC1" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF16EFE21877FDC1" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="18CC11943131DB2CFF16EFE21877FDC1" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFF16EFE2182AFDEE" ID-CoL="7QZW" authority="Platnick et Shadab, 1980: 21" authorityName="Platnick et Shadab" authorityPageNumber="21" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,585,498,520]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EFE21B6CFDEE" box="[151,271,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Synaphosus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="B97D10AB3131DB2CFE99EFE2182AFDEE" author="Platnick" box="[280,585,498,520]" page="21" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFE99EFE21843FDEE" author="Platnick" box="[280,544,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Platnick, N. I. & Shadab, M. U. (1980) A revision of the North American spider genera Nodocion, Litopyllus, and Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 2691, 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1980">Platnick et Shadab, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="B97D10AB3131DB2CFDD6EFE21910FDEE" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[599,883,498,520]" page="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFDD6EFE2193BFDEE" author="Ovtsharenko" box="[599,856,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. & Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 - 27." type="book chapter" year="1994">
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Ovtsharenko
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFD63EFE31971FDEE" box="[738,786,498,520]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al</emphasis>
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. 1994
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 2
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="B97D10AB3131DB2CFC03EFE21EA0FDEE" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[898,1219,498,520]" page="535" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" year="2001">
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFC03EFE21EEEFDEE" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[898,1165,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2001) Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp." type="book" year="2001">Deeleman-Reinhold 2001</bibRefCitation>
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: 535
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="B97D10AB3131DB2CFB50EFE21FFBFDEE" author="Murphy" box="[1233,1432,498,520]" page="378" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" year="2007">
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFB50EFE21F01FDEE" author="Murphy" box="[1233,1378,498,520]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Murphy, J. (2007) Gnaphosid Genera of the World. Vol. 2. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambs, 513 pp. [pp. 93 - 605]" type="book chapter" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 378
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="B97D10AB3131DB2CFF46EC011873FDC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3499866" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3499866" author="Marusik" box="[199,528,529,551]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4B072842FFF32B681DAB3B61FC6AFF30" page="429" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" year="2016">
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFF46EC011BBDFDC1" author="Marusik" box="[199,478,529,551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Fomichev, A. A. (2016) A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 5. On Synaphosus from Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 428 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Marusik & Fomichev 2016</bibRefCitation>
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: 429
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70C665313131DB2CFF16EC20190FFDA0" box="[151,876,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF16EC20190FFDA0" blockId="1.[151,1436,498,582]" box="[151,876,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<materialsCitation id="88B43CE73131DB2CFF16EC20190FFDA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1803517694" box="[151,876,560,582]" location="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EC201B7FFDA0" bold="true" box="[151,284,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<typeStatus id="E76788183131DB2CFF16EC201AAFFDA0" box="[151,204,560,582]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFEABEC2018A2FDA0" authority="Chamberlin, 1924" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1924" box="[298,705,560,582]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Nodocion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syntheticus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFEABEC201860FDA0" box="[298,515,560,582]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Nodocion syntheticus</emphasis>
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Chamberlin, 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<collectingRegion id="FA18F8583131DB2CFD7FEC20190BFDA0" box="[766,872,560,582]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">California</collectingRegion>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70C665313131DB2CFF16EC62189CFCD9" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF16EC621EBDFD11" blockId="1.[151,1437,626,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EC621B69FD6D" bold="true" box="[151,266,626,651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFE98EC621BFEFD6D" authorityName="Platnick et Shadab" authorityYear="1980" box="[281,413,626,651]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFE98EC621BFEFD6D" box="[281,413,626,651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Synaphosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species found in Southeast Asia can be distinguished from other gnaphosids known in the region by the combined presence of a preening brush (but not comb) on metatarsi III, lack of median apophysis, long whip-like circular embolus embedded into the fold of the complex conductor, large conductor almost entirely hiding the tegulum, epigyne with an anterior hood or scape, and long and coiled copulatory ducts.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF46ED12189CFCD9" blockId="1.[151,1437,626,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF46ED121B13FCFD" bold="true" box="[199,368,770,795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Relationships.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFEF9ED121B9FFCFD" authorityName="Platnick et Shadab" authorityYear="1980" box="[376,508,770,795]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFEF9ED121B9FFCFD" box="[376,508,770,795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Synaphosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remains unassigned to any subfamily or tribe of
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFBB0ED121EA5FCFD" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1898" box="[1073,1222,770,795]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gnaphosidae</taxonomicName>
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, belonging only to the informal
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFEA6ED361BEFFCD9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1878" box="[295,396,806,831]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Echemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFEA6ED361BEFFCD9" box="[295,396,806,831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Echemus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group of genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFDD2ED361891FCD9" author="Murphy" box="[595,754,806,831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Murphy, J. (2007) Gnaphosid Genera of the World. Vol. 2. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambs, 513 pp. [pp. 93 - 605]" type="book chapter" year="2007">Murphy 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="70C665313131DB2CFF46ED5A19B4FC15" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" type="description">
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<paragraph id="386336BA3131DB2CFF46ED5A19B4FC15" blockId="1.[151,1437,626,1011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF46ED5A1BFAFC85" bold="true" box="[199,409,842,867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">Species grouping</emphasis>
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: Three species groups were recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFC37ED5A1E8DFC85" box="[950,1262,842,867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Ovtsharenko, V. I., Levy, G. & Platnick, N. I. (1994) A review of the ground spider genus Synaphosus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3095, 1 - 27." type="book chapter">
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Ovtsharenko
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFBD5ED5C1EEFFC85" box="[1108,1164,842,867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">et al</emphasis>
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. (1994)
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</bibRefCitation>
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in the genus:
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFF16ED7E1B70FC61" authorityName="Chamberlin" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,275,878,903]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Nodocion" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="syntheticus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16ED7E1B70FC61" box="[151,275,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">syntheticus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFEA5ED7E1BC0FC61" box="[292,419,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">gracillimus</emphasis>
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and
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFE5FED7E182CFC61" box="[478,591,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">kakamega</emphasis>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFDE1ED7E19C9FC61" author="Marusik" box="[608,938,878,903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Marusik, Y. M. & Fomichev, A. A. (2016) A survey of East Palaearctic Gnaphosidae (Araneae). 5. On Synaphosus from Central Asia. Zootaxa, 4178 (3), 428 - 442. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4178.3.7" type="journal article" year="2016">Marusik & Fomichev (2016)</bibRefCitation>
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recognized one more group among species occurring in Southeast Asia, the
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFD87ED83180EFC4D" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" box="[518,621,915,939]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femininis">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFD87ED83180EFC4D" box="[518,621,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">femininis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group. This group unites
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFC11ED831F0FFC4D" authority="Yang, Yang & Zhang, 2013" authorityName="Yang, Yang & Zhang" authorityYear="2013" box="[912,1388,914,939]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cangshanus">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFC11ED831E53FC4D" box="[912,1072,914,939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. cangshanus</emphasis>
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Yang, Yang & Zhang, 2013
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="FFDC4D393131DB2CFF16EDA71832FC29" authority="Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,593,950,975]" class="Arachnida" family="Gnaphosidae" genus="Synaphosus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="femininis">
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<emphasis id="0AA8EAA83131DB2CFF16EDA71B7FFC29" box="[151,284,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="236">S. femininis</emphasis>
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|
<bibRefCitation id="5C4D4B4B3131DB2CFEA5EDA61832FC29" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[292,593,950,975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="236" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (2001) Forest spiders of South East Asia: with a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanterriidae). Brill, Leiden, 591 pp." type="book" year="2001">Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Three other species known from the region have copulatory organs very different from each other and may each represent their own species group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |