treatments-xml/data/D4/0A/87/D40A87EA2005FF815782D2F1502495C5.xml

<document id="D3EEE0AD80CF4ABDABF79B70630B2F38" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4028.4.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="375b760c-0937-4a02-a99d-aa5ede4ff3d7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232493" ID-ZooBank="CB2162F6-6C18-445E-BAF1-D3B8C7DCF181" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461287935779" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmidt, Joachim &amp; Faille, Arnaud" docDate="2015" docId="D40A87EA2005FF815782D2F1502495C5" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04028p550.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4028 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trechus balticus Schmidt &amp; Faille, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="547" masterDocId="2833FF922007FF885715D0615535953D" masterDocTitle="Confirmation of occurrence of Trechus Clairville, 1806 in the Baltic amber forests, with description of a flightless edaphic species, and remarks on Trechoides Motschulsky, 1856 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)" masterLastPageNumber="550" masterPageNumber="539" pageNumber="541" updateTime="1698615529070" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="13DCD857E56927467AB3921CA4E8626E">Confirmation of occurrence of Trechus Clairville, 1806 in the Baltic amber forests, with description of a flightless edaphic species, and remarks on Trechoides Motschulsky, 1856 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="986AD8B672332EDC81D0C0EE166234F3">Schmidt, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A7CEB8971BDAA23FA5309CA81758DDC">Faille, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="D40A87EA2005FF815782D2F1502495C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100098" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119641777" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100098" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D40A87EA2005FF815782D2F1502495C5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D40A87EA2005FF815782D2F1502495C5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<subSubSection id="14B965772005FF8A5782D2F1542697F6" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A5782D2F1549D9797" blockId="2.[151,424,656,715]" box="[151,424,656,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<heading id="075481902005FF8A5782D2F1549D9797" bold="true" box="[151,424,656,682]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" reason="1">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A5782D2F1549D9797" bold="true" box="[151,424,656,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2005FF8A5782D2F1546B9797" ID-CoL="7CNYX" box="[151,350,656,682]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A5782D2F1546B9797" bold="true" box="[151,350,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952005FF8A5673D2F1549D9797" box="[358,424,656,682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A5782D2D3543A97F6" box="[151,271,690,715]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStart-1="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStart-2="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStart-3="FIGURES 11" captionStartId-0="4.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionStartId-3="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,399,1890]" captionTargetBox-1="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetBox-3="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[151,1436,399,1892]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 2. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2, ventral aspect." captionText-1="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." captionText-2="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." captionText-3="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/232494/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs. 1–11</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B965772005FF8A5782D29B56799132" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A5782D29B51C79666" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<typeStatus id="8318885E2005FF8A5782D29B5436962E" box="[151,259,762,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
. Female in Baltic amber; size of piece 7.9 x 6.5 x 
<quantity id="9B5B9B192005FF8A542FD29B56A6962F" box="[826,915,762,787]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
, embedded in synthetic resin (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2005FF8A53FCD29B50A5962E" author="Hoffeins" box="[1257,1424,762,787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" refString="Hoffeins, H. W. (2001) On the preparation and conservation of amber inclusions in artificial resin. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 70, 215 - 219." type="journal article" year="2001">Hoffeins 2001</bibRefCitation>
), No. 1310-5a in the collection of Christel and Hans Werner Hoffeins, Hamburg, 
<collectingCountry id="24B4766C2005FF8A532BD37E5193960A" box="[1086,1190,799,823]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE392005FF8A53ADD37E503C960A" box="[1208,1289,799,823]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">CCHH</collectionCode>
) (later to be deposited at the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, 
<collectingCountry id="24B4766C2005FF8A530AD32251BC9666" box="[1055,1161,835,859]" name="Germany" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Germany</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A53B5D32351D69666" box="[1184,1251,834,859]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D30757D296FA" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A57D2D30754839642" bold="true" box="[199,438,870,895]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Preservation status.</emphasis>
Most external parts of the beetle body are well visible under optical microscope; the mouth parts are surrounded by milky coating and thus, mandibles (only anterior margin is visible), maxillae and mentum cannot be examined using light microscopy.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D3B356799132" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A57D2D3B3544496D6" bold="true" box="[199,369,978,1003]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Syninclusions.</emphasis>
A part of the amber piece that includes one specimen of Diptera and two plant trichomes, was separated and deposited under the number 1310-5b in 
<collectionCode id="3AB2AE392005FF8A55E2D396567C9132" box="[759,841,1015,1039]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">CCHH</collectionCode>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B965772005FF8B57D2D47B56D297CD" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" type="description">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D47B5760910F" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" box="[199,597,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A57D2D47B546C910E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1050,1075]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Description.</emphasis>
Body length: 
<quantity id="9B5B9B192005FF8A56E2D47B5765910F" box="[503,592,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D45F54329146" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Colour: Surface of body apparently blackish brown (artifact?), shiny; palpi, antennae and legs not distinctly lightened.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D4E756E091DA" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
Microsculpture: Disc of head with rather deeply engraved, large and slightly transverse micro-meshes (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A525FD4E750BB91A2" box="[1354,1422,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Disc of pronotum and surface of elytral intervals with very fine markedly transverse meshes, appearing finely fasciated even under high magnification (see 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A5586D4AF57ED91DA" box="[659,728,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
: magnification 160 x).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D49355DB90DE" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
Head: Short and robust, notably broad near base. Mandibles relatively short. Labrum with three pairs of setae near moderately concave apical margin. Clypeus with two pairs of setae in normal position. Shape of maxillary and labial palpi as in 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2005FF8A5648D55B5480906E" box="[349,437,1338,1363]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A5648D55B5480906E" box="[349,437,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952005FF8A56A8D55A5778906E" box="[445,589,1338,1363]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
. Eyes moderately small and slightly protruded; temples convex and rather short (length of eye/length of temple = 0.45), smooth. Frons and supraorbital areas markedly convex, with supraorbital furrows deep, complete, and uniformly bent on disc; two supraorbital setae present in normal position for 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2005FF8A57D7D5C7542F9082" box="[194,282,1446,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="541" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2005FF8A57D7D5C7542F9082" box="[194,282,1446,1471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Antennae moderately short, with the tip of the eighth antennomere extended to the pronotal basal margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8A57D2D58F561292AE" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
Prothorax: Pronotum 1.37 times broader than head, markedly transverse (width/length = 1.47), with sides evenly rounded in anterior 5/6 and emarginate at laterobasal angles, broadest somewhat anterior of middle, moderately narrowed towards base (width of pronotum/width of pronotal base = 1.3); basal margin 1.1 times broader than apical margin. Disk convex, smooth. Anterior margin very finely beaded in outer third, smooth in middle, almost straight, with apical angles slightly protruded and rounded. Posterior margin not beaded, moderately convex in middle, distinctly incised slightly before outer quarters, and again convexly rounded towards laterobasal angles (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A567BD6A754F593E2" box="[366,448,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
); latter relatively small, slightly shifted anteriad, slightly obtuse, not protruded laterally. Median longitudinal impression distinct, not deeper near base, disappearing near apex; anterior transverse impression very fine, smooth; posterior transverse impression and laterobasal foveae linear, smooth, pronotal base indistinctly flattened at laterobasal foveae. Lateral gutter relatively small throughout, slightly widened towards base, smooth. Both lateral and laterobasal setae present, with the lateral seta located at apical third of pronotum. Proepisternum smooth, prosternal process without margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2005FF8B57D2D7FF547D975D" blockId="2.[151,1437,762,2011]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">
Pterothorax: Elytra convex on disc (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A554CD7FF57F1928A" box="[601,708,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), glabrous beside normal setation, in dorsal view relatively short, ovate (length/width = 1.25), with sides moderately convex (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A545AD7A356AA92E6" box="[847,927,1986,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,399,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,399,1892]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2, ventral aspect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232494/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792005FF8A54A5D7A256F892E6" box="[944,973,1987,2011]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="541">11</figureCitation>
), widest near their midlength, distinctly wider than pronotum (width of elytra/width of pronotum = 1.40). Humeral angles fully rounded, basal groove absent. Parascutellar stria finely developed, parascutellar seta present. First stria almost complete but disappearing at base; second and third striae somewhat more finely impressed than first, disappearing at apex; fourth stria indistinct, indicated and only barely visible at anterior half of elytra; outer discal striae absent; striae 1–4 finely punctate apart from the apical quarter of elytra. Each elytron with two discal setae in third stria, and with preapical seta, situated at apical tenth of elytra, almost equally as close to the apical margin as to the suture of elytra (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B525DD12D50A29458" box="[1352,1431,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5782D111558194B5" box="[151,180,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">11</figureCitation>
). Recurrent stria almost straight and relatively short, extending towards the reduced fifth stria anteriorly; front end of recurrent stria situated slightly anterior of the level of the preapical seta (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5338D1F5514B9490" box="[1069,1150,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5399D1F5519C9491" box="[1164,1193,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">11</figureCitation>
). Setae of umbilicate humeral series close to the elytral margin, with anterior three setae equidistant to margin and fourth seta located slightly further (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5641D1BD549294C9" box="[340,423,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Figs. 9</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B56A3D1BD54E694C9" box="[438,467,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">11</figureCitation>
). The two setae of the medial group of the umbilicate series far removed from the preapical group, ca. twice the distance between the two setae of the preapical group (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5373D19E519F9725" box="[1126,1194,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,399,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,399,1892]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 1, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2, ventral aspect." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232494/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B53AFD26151E29725" box="[1210,1239,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">11</figureCitation>
). Epipleura long, nearly reaching the apex; metepisternum short, smooth, with outer margin only 1.15 times longer than anterior margin (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B57E0D226540C975D" box="[245,313,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D20D574D9795" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Abdomen: All sternites smooth beside normal setation; sternites V–VI each with one, sternite VII with two (female!) pairs of setae near apical margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D2D456D297CD" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
Legs: Averaged in length and form for 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B558BD2D557C397F0" box="[670,758,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B558BD2D557C397F0" box="[670,758,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B541FD2D5564B97F1" box="[778,894,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 6" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[200,1375,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 6. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
), all femora unmodified; protibia straight and moderately dilated towards apex, without groove on outer surface (
<figureCitation id="C4982A792004FF8B5492D2B656EF97CD" box="[903,986,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 10" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1945,1968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1924]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 10. Trechus balticus sp. n., holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B965772004FF8057D2D29D57B390A0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="547" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D29D500A9628" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1343,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B57D2D29D547B9628" bold="true" box="[199,334,764,789]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new species is named after the origin of the fossil species in the Baltic amber forests.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D37E514796D0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B57D2D37E57E29605" bold="true" box="[199,727,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Species group recognition and relationships.</emphasis>
Tribe: 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B543DD37E56EA9605" box="[808,991,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B543DD37E56EA9605" box="[808,991,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B54F3D37E51139605" bold="true" box="[998,1062,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B54F3D37E51139605" box="[998,1062,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is here treated as a species of the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B57C4D325541A9660" box="[209,303,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
based on the combination of the following characters: frontal furrows semicircularly separating well developed supraorbital region from frons and neck; elytral sutural stria recurrent at apex, forming a deep carina directed towards the end of the fifth stria; apical segment of maxillary palpus as long as the penultimate, at base almost as broad as apex of penultimate segment, and at apex regularly conically pointed (the latter character distinguishes the fossil species also from the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B559AD3B557D896D0" box="[655,749,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
subtribes Aepina and Perileptina).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D39951F991D5" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
Genus: 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5608D39654E0912D" box="[285,469,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5608D39654E0912D" box="[285,469,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B56C9D3965728912D" bold="true" box="[476,541,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B56C9D3965728912D" box="[476,541,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a representative of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5492D39656EB912D" box="[903,990,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5492D39656EB912D" box="[903,990,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B54F3D3995163912D" box="[998,1110,1015,1040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
based on the combination of the following characters: Mandibles normal, eyes glabrous, not markedly protruded, two supraorbital setae present. Pronotum glabrous, with one anterolateral and one laterobasal setae each side. Elytra glabrous, with basal groove absent, and with two discal setae; recurrent sutural stria directed towards the end of the fifth stria. The preapical seta is situated approximately at same distance to the apical margin as to the suture of elytra. The setae of humeral group are situated close to the elytral margin, with anterior three setae equidistant from margin; the medial group is well separated from the preapical group. Apical portion of protibia glabrous on external surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D495514B90A0" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
Group of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B562FD49554A79030" box="[314,402,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B562FD49554A79030" box="[314,402,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B5689D494571B9030" box="[412,558,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
: Molecular-systematic studies have shown that 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5342D495519A9030" box="[1111,1199,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5342D495519A9030" box="[1111,1199,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B53ACD494501E9030" box="[1209,1323,1268,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a nonmonophyletic assemblage (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B56C6D5765793900D" author="Faille" box="[467,678,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Ribera, I., Deharveng, L., Bourdeau, C., Garnery, L., Queinnec, E. &amp; Deuve, T. (2010) A molecular phylogeny shows the single origin of the Pyrenean subterranean Trechini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54, 97 - 105. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2009.10.008" type="journal article" year="2010">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5534D578576B900D" box="[545,606,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B55A3D57957C5900D" author="Faille" box="[694,752,1304,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A. &amp; Ribera, I. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of west Mediterranean troglobitic Trechini ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Zoologica Scripta, 40 (3), 282 - 295. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2010.00467. x" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B5414D579560B900D" author="Faille" box="[769,830,1304,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
). E.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5483D57851FC900D" authority="Schmidt, 2009" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[918,1225,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bastropi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5483D5785126900D" box="[918,1043,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. bastropi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B5335D57651FC900D" author="Schmidt" box="[1056,1225,1303,1328]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Schmidt, J. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa, 2178, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2009">Schmidt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from the Tibetan 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5782D55D541E9068" box="[151,299,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacatraianus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5782D55D541E9068" box="[151,299,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">dacatraianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group was identified sister to the genus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B546CD55D501F9068" authority="Vigna Taglianti, 1968" authorityName="Vigna Taglianti" authorityYear="1968" box="[889,1322,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Doderotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B546CD55D512A9068" box="[889,1055,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Doderotrechus</emphasis>
Vigna Taglianti, 1968
</taxonomicName>
from the southeastern Alps (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B567AD53E57039045" author="Faille" box="[367,566,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article" year="2013">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B56ADD50054C79045" box="[440,498,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). However, species of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5475D50051259045" box="[864,1040,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dacatraianus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5475D50051259045" box="[864,1040,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. dacatraianus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are easy to distinguish from the fossil species as well as from the main 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5560D5E557F990A0" box="[629,716,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5560D5E557F990A0" box="[629,716,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade by distinctly pubescent temples.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8B57D2D5C6512F9270" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
Another enlightening result coming from the molecular phylogenetic studies is the phylogenetic position of the species group of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B564CD5AC57A790D9" authority="Putzeys, 1870" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1870" box="[345,658,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B564CD5AC54DF90D8" box="[345,490,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. schaufussi</emphasis>
Putzeys, 1870
</taxonomicName>
endemic to the Iberian Peninsula. This lineage groups together with the genera 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B560CD58E575D9335" authority="Jeannel, 1916" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1916" box="[281,616,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Paraphaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B560CD58E54889335" box="[281,445,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Paraphaenops</emphasis>
Jeannel, 1916
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5563D58E51769335" authority="Cerruti &amp; Henrot, 1956" authorityName="Cerruti &amp; Henrot" authorityYear="1956" box="[630,1091,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Sardaphaenops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5563D58E56169335" box="[630,803,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Sardaphaenops</emphasis>
Cerruti &amp; Henrot, 1956
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5390D58E55E79311" authority="J. Muller, 1913" authorityName="J. Muller" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5390D58E50179335" box="[1157,1314,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Typhlotrechus</emphasis>
J. Müller, 1913
</taxonomicName>
, comprising highly specialized hypogean species from the Mediterranean region (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B536FD67550709311" author="Faille" box="[1146,1349,1556,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article" year="2013">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B53D0D67451CA9310" box="[1221,1279,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). Using external characters, species of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B550ED6585799936D" box="[539,684,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schaufussi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B550ED6585799936D" box="[539,684,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. schaufussi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group differ from the fossil species, above all, by the shape of the pronotum with median impression markedly deepened posteriorly, with basal transverse impression wide and not sharply defined, and with laterobasal fovea very large. The same characters distinguish also 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B53A7D6E055ED9381" authority="Fabricius, 1792" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubens">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B53A7D6E0502E93A5" box="[1202,1307,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. rubens</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1792)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5604D6C457289380" authority="Putzeys, 1846" authorityName="Putzeys" authorityYear="1846" box="[273,541,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Typhlotrechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5604D6C454429381" box="[273,375,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. ovatus</emphasis>
Putzeys, 1846
</taxonomicName>
from the fossil species. Both the former taxa are considered representatives of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5782D6A655DA93DD" box="[151,239,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5782D6A655DA93DD" box="[151,239,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B57E0D6A854B593DD" box="[245,384,1735,1760]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
by previous authors too. However, in the molecular phylogenetic analysis these species group with the Palaearctic taxon 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B56C5D68D56EB9239" authority="Stephens, 1827 (Faille et al. 2013)" authorityName="Stephens, 1827 (Faille et al." authorityYear="2013" box="[464,990,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epaphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B56C5D68D570F9238" box="[464,570,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Epaphius</emphasis>
Stephens, 1827 (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B5413D68D56E39239" author="Faille" box="[774,982,1772,1797]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article" year="2013">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5447D68C56BA9238" box="[850,911,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Species of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5389D68D50339238" box="[1180,1286,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Epaphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5389D68D50339238" box="[1180,1286,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Epaphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B5782D76E54089215" author="Jeannel" box="[151,317,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Jeannel, R. (1927) Monographie des Trechinae. Morphologie comparee et distribution geographique d'un groupe de Coleopteres (Deuxieme livraison). L'Abeille, 33, 1 - 592." type="journal article" year="1927">Jeannel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
can easily be distinguished from the fossil species by the different position of the elytral preapical seta which is markedly shifted anteriorly, and, therefore, missing apical triangle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2004FF8C57D2D73954289402" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="543" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
A pronotal shape similar to the fossil 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B556FD73857C4924D" box="[634,753,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B556FD73857C4924D" box="[634,753,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B55EFD736560E924D" bold="true" box="[762,827,1879,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952004FF8B55EFD736560E924D" box="[762,827,1879,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, with posterior transverse impression and laterobasal foveae linear and sharply limited towards the convex disc, is also observed in several Palaearctic species of the main 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B57CFD7C154079284" box="[218,306,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B57CFD7C154079284" box="[218,306,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B56D9D7C1579F9285" box="[460,682,1952,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5503D7C057679284" box="[534,594,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, e.g., in the 
<typeStatus id="8318885E2004FF8B5457D7C056479284" box="[834,882,1953,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">type</typeStatus>
species of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B5361D7C151F99284" box="[1140,1228,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B5361D7C151F99284" box="[1140,1228,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B53CBD7C0546092E1" authority="Schrank, 1781" authorityName="Schrank" authorityYear="1781" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadristriatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B53CBD7C050A99284" box="[1246,1436,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. quadristriatus</emphasis>
(Schrank, 1781)
</taxonomicName>
, in the Southeast Asian 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2004FF8B559DD7A457CF92E0" box="[648,762,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2004FF8B559DD7A457CF92E0" box="[648,762,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="542">T. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2004FF8B54B2D7A5516392E1" author="Jeannel" box="[935,1110,1988,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="542" refString="Jeannel, R. (1927) Monographie des Trechinae. Morphologie comparee et distribution geographique d'un groupe de Coleopteres (Deuxieme livraison). L'Abeille, 33, 1 - 592." type="journal article" year="1927">Jeannel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, and in the highly diverse Himalayan-Tibetan 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C5663D0F85732958D" box="[374,519,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5663D0F85732958D" box="[374,519,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">T. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2003FF8C558ED0F65678958D" author="Schmidt" box="[667,845,151,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" refString="Schmidt, J. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa, 2178, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2009">Schmidt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. But this character is also present in Nearctic species of the genus (e.g. 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C5648D0DC57AF95E9" authority="G. Horn, 1883" authorityName="G. Horn" authorityYear="1883" box="[349,666,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydropicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5648D0DC54C195E8" box="[349,500,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">T. hydropicus</emphasis>
G. Horn, 1883
</taxonomicName>
, or species of the subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C54DBD0DD503195E9" authority="Jeannel, 1927" authorityName="Jeannel" authorityYear="1927" box="[974,1284,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C54DBD0DD515695E8" box="[974,1123,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Microtrechus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2003FF8C537CD0DD503195E9" author="Jeannel" box="[1129,1284,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" refString="Jeannel, R. (1927) Monographie des Trechinae. Morphologie comparee et distribution geographique d'un groupe de Coleopteres (Deuxieme livraison). L'Abeille, 33, 1 - 592." type="journal article" year="1927">Jeannel, 1927</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2003FF8C520FD0DD50A595E8" author="Barr" box="[1306,1424,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" refString="Barr T. C. (1962) The genus Trechus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini) in the southern Appalachians. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 16, 65 - 92" type="journal article" year="1962">Barr 1962</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C5782D0BE541995C5" box="[151,300,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5782D0BE541995C5" box="[151,300,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Microtrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from the main 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C5586D0BE57DF95C5" box="[659,746,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5586D0BE57DF95C5" box="[659,746,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D2003FF8C546ED0BE516595C5" box="[891,1104,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" refString="Faille, A., Casale, A., Balke, M. &amp; Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of alpine subterranean Trechini (Coleoptera: Carabidae). BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13, 248. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / 1471 - 2148 - 13 - 248" type="journal article">
Faille 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C54D6D08056C995C5" box="[963,1020,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">et al.</emphasis>
(2013)
</bibRefCitation>
, e.g., by the presence of only one dilated male protarsomere. However, since the fossil specimen is a female the character state remains open in this respect.
</paragraph>
<caption id="08DC66742003FF8C5782D7F8517F928D" box="[151,1098,1945,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232494/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" targetBox="[151,1436,399,1890]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2003FF8C5782D7F8517F928D" blockId="4.[151,1098,1945,1968]" box="[151,1098,1945,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5782D7F8540F9292" bold="true" box="[151,314,1945,1968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">FIGURES 1–2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2003FF8C5655D7FB54D3928D" box="[320,486,1946,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C5655D7FB54D3928D" box="[320,486,1946,1968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2003FF8C56F9D7FB57109292" bold="true" box="[492,549,1946,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952003FF8C56F9D7FB57109292" box="[492,549,1946,1967]" pageId="4" pageNumber="543" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. Fig. 1, dorsal aspect. Fig. 2, ventral aspect.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="08DC66742002FF8D5782D71D51B292ED" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232495/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="544" targetBox="[200,1374,193,1879]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2002FF8D5782D71D51B292ED" blockId="5.[151,1436,1916,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="544">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2002FF8D5782D71D547492AF" bold="true" box="[151,321,1916,1939]" pageId="5" pageNumber="544">FIGURES 3–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2002FF8D565AD71D54C992AF" box="[335,508,1916,1938]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="544" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2002FF8D565AD71D54C992AF" box="[335,508,1916,1938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="544">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2002FF8D551CD71C577C92AF" bold="true" box="[521,585,1917,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="544">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952002FF8D551CD71C577C92AF" box="[521,585,1917,1938]" pageId="5" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. Fig. 3, left lateral aspect. Fig. 4, right lateral aspect. Fig. 5, left metepisternum (surrounded by a dotted line for better visualisation) and anterior part of elytral epipleuron. Fig. 6, apical portion of elytra, caudal view (the insertions of the setae of the apical triangle are marked by white circles).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="08DC66742001FF8E5782D7F8566F92D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232496/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1922]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2001FF8E5782D7F8566F92D1" blockId="6.[151,1437,1945,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2001FF8E5782D7F854729293" bold="true" box="[151,327,1945,1968]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">FIGURES 7–10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2001FF8E565BD7F854C19292" box="[334,500,1945,1967]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2001FF8E565BD7F854C19292" box="[334,500,1945,1967]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2001FF8E56EED7FB57019292" bold="true" box="[507,564,1946,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952001FF8E56EED7FB57019292" box="[507,564,1946,1967]" pageId="6" pageNumber="545" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, holotype. Fig. 7, left portion of head capsule with compound eye, dorsal aspect. Fig. 8, general view of the fossil with contours of the amber piece. Fig. 9, anterior portion of left elytron with setae of the umbilical humeral series. Fig. 10, femur (apical portion) and tibia of left proleg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="08DC66742000FF8F578CD7DB569F92D2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="546" targetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC2000FF8F578CD7DB569F92D2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1978,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="546">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2000FF8F578CD7DB541B92ED" bold="true" box="[153,302,1978,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="546">FIGURES 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F2000FF8F5621D7DA54EF92EC" box="[308,474,1979,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="546" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2000FF8F5621D7DA54EF92EC" box="[308,474,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="546">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE2000FF8F56F5D7DA572C92ED" bold="true" box="[480,537,1979,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="546">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E457952000FF8F56F5D7DA572C92ED" box="[480,537,1979,2000]" pageId="7" pageNumber="546" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D0F6576194B5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
Consequently, the fossil 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8056CBD0F85760958D" box="[478,597,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8056CBD0F85760958D" box="[478,597,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805548D0F657AB958D" bold="true" box="[605,670,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF805548D0F657AB958D" box="[605,670,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
may represent an extinct species of one of these species groups. A comprehensive enlargement of the taxon sampling of the molecular studies is needed for a better understanding of morphological character evolution within the mega-diverse 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805441D0BE569995C5" box="[852,940,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805441D0BE569995C5" box="[852,940,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF8054ADD081510595C5" box="[952,1072,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
. On the other hand, additional 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805782D16555DA9420" box="[151,239,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805782D16555DA9420" box="[151,239,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fossils should be carefully investigated to find further evidence for the systematic positions of representatives of the Eocene 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8056FBD1465779947D" box="[494,588,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
fauna, and additional characters have to be investigated, e.g. male genital characters. The latter might be possible using X-ray MicroCT techniques on amber specimens (e.g., 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF805232D12C547194B5" author="Perreau" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Perreau, M. &amp; Tafforeau, P. (2011) Virtual dissection using phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography: reducing the gap between fossils and extant species. Systematic Entomology, 36, 573 - 580. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2011.00573. x" type="journal article" year="2011">Perreau &amp; Tafforeau 2011</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF80565AD10E577D94B5" author="Kehlmaier" box="[335,584,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Kehlmaier, C., Dierick, M. &amp; Skevington, J. H. (2014) Micro-CT studies of amber inclusions reveal internal genitalic features of big-headed flies, enabling a systematic placement of Metanephrocerus Aczel, 1948 (Insecta: Diptera: Pipunculidae). Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny, 72 (1), 23 - 36." type="journal article" year="2014">
Kehlmaier 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8056D9D110573194B5" box="[460,516,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D1F5574F94C9" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8057D2D1F554F89490" bold="true" box="[199,461,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
The new fossil species is easily distinguishable from the Baltic amber fossil 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805237D1F555CE94ED" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805237D1F555CE94ED" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechoides fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with uncertain systematic position due to the much larger body (body length of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80538CD1D6506794ED" box="[1177,1362,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80538CD1D6506794ED" box="[1177,1362,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80524ED1D650A994ED" bold="true" box="[1371,1436,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF80524ED1D650A994ED" box="[1371,1436,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
approx. two times of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805690D1BD575C94C9" box="[389,617,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805690D1BD575C94C9" box="[389,617,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechoides fasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D261507D9700" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
To date, no additional 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8056DDD19E57139725" box="[456,550,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
species are known from Baltic amber and other Eocene deposits identified at the species level. Therefore, we present a differential diagnosis with respect to the modern 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805384D24551DC9700" box="[1169,1257,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805384D24551DC9700" box="[1169,1257,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D22954D896F5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<collectingCountry id="24B4766C200FFF8057D2D22955D3975D" box="[199,230,584,608]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">As</collectingCountry>
already discussed previously, based on characters of the pronotal shape and elytral chaetotaxy, the new fossil species is similar to members of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80559ED20C567D97B8" box="[651,840,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadristriatus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80559ED20C567D97B8" box="[651,840,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. quadristriatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805491D20C56C797B8" box="[900,1010,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805491D20C56C797B8" box="[900,1010,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. indicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8053F9D20D50A297B9" author="Jeannel" box="[1260,1431,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Jeannel, R. (1927) Monographie des Trechinae. Morphologie comparee et distribution geographique d'un groupe de Coleopteres (Deuxieme livraison). L'Abeille, 33, 1 - 592." type="journal article" year="1927">Jeannel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
, including the species of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8056DAD2F0576A9795" box="[463,607,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8056DAD2F0576A9795" box="[463,607,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8055E6D2EE56909795" author="Schmidt" box="[755,933,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Schmidt, J. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa, 2178, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2009">Schmidt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8054BAD2EE51539795" box="[943,1126,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8054BAD2EE51539795" box="[943,1126,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805378D2EE51999795" bold="true" box="[1133,1196,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF805378D2EE51999795" box="[1133,1196,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is easy to distinguish from most representatives of these groups, due to the distinct reduction of the elytral striation (
<figureCitation id="C4982A79200FFF8053DDD2D5502F97F1" box="[1224,1306,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 11" captionStartId="7.[153,266,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[216,1361,193,1941]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[216,1362,193,1942]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 11. Trechus balticus sp. n., reconstruction of the external shape in dorsal view. Since the mandibles are only hardly visible in the fossil specimen, the assumed shape is indicated by a dotted line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232497/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
), with only the first three striae slightly impressed on disc, the fourth stria only partly recognizable in middle, striae 5–7 absent, and with remains of the eighth stria slightly impressed at levels of the medial and subapical groups of the umbilical series. A similar reduction of the elytral striation is also developed in some species of the 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80536AD340503A9605" box="[1151,1295,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thibetanus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80536AD340503A9605" box="[1151,1295,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. thibetanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF805782D325547C9661" author="Schmidt" box="[151,329,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Schmidt, J. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa, 2178, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2009">Schmidt (2009)</bibRefCitation>
. However, all species of that group except 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805433D324516C9661" authority="Schmidt, 2009" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="2009" box="[806,1113,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805433D32456989660" box="[806,941,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. glabratus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8054A1D325516C9661" author="Schmidt" box="[948,1113,836,861]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Schmidt, J. (2009) Taxonomic and biogeographical review of the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806, from the Tibetan Himalaya and the southern central Tibetan Plateau (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini). Zootaxa, 2178, 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="2009">Schmidt, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, have microsculpture pattern on elytra clearly isodiametric, while microsculpture is markedly transverse in 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805312D308514996BD" box="[1031,1148,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805312D308514996BD" box="[1031,1148,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805391D30651F196BD" bold="true" box="[1156,1220,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF805391D30651F196BD" box="[1156,1220,871,896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
In 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8053FFD308504796BD" box="[1258,1394,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8053FFD308504796BD" box="[1258,1394,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. glabratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the eighth elytral stria is deeply impressed also between the medial and subapical groups of the umbilical series while it is absent in 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805627D3D0549296F5" box="[306,423,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805627D3D0549296F5" box="[306,423,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8056B8D3CE54D896F5" bold="true" box="[429,493,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF8056B8D3CE54D896F5" box="[429,493,943,968]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D3B557A99165" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
The fossil species is also similar to the Western Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80547BD3B556F396D0" box="[878,966,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80547BD3B556F396D0" box="[878,966,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF8054C4D3B4517196D0" box="[977,1092,980,1005]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
species (
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8053A1D3B5507C96D0" box="[1204,1353,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Microtrechus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8053A1D3B5507C96D0" box="[1204,1353,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Microtrechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805292D3B45426912D" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydropicus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805292D3B45426912D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. hydropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) with which it shares numerous characters, like a similar robust habitus, short elytra, long epipleura, only the first elytral striae present, microsculpture transverse. However, it differs by a more transverse pronotum and the lack of the protibial groove.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D40557B390A0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8057D2D40557C09140" bold="true" box="[199,757,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Biogeographical and ecological considerations.</emphasis>
The genus 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80546DD40556FA9140" box="[888,975,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80546DD40556FA9140" box="[888,975,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF8054C2D40451739140" box="[983,1094,1124,1149]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" sensu="lato">sensu lato</taxonomicNameLabel>
(approx. 900 modern species) is widely distributed in the Holarctic region, with more than 90% of the species occurring in the Palaearctic, and 69 species in the Nearctic (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8056AED4CD574491F9" author="Bousquet" box="[443,625,1196,1220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Bousquet, Y. (2012) Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera, Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 245 (1), 1 - 526. [special issue] http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 245.3416" type="journal article" year="2012">Bousquet 2012</bibRefCitation>
); some moderately diverse species groups are also known from the mountains of East Africa. Therewith, the occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80541AD4AE565291D5" box="[783,871,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80541AD4AE565291D5" box="[783,871,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Baltic amber is in accordance with the modern distribution of the genus, as it is observed for most of the other ground beetle species described from Baltic amber at species level (
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80567ED5765790900D" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[363,677,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Bembidion" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80567ED57654D0900D" box="[363,485,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Bembidion</emphasis>
Latreille, 1802
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8055ACD57656E7900D" authority="Bonelli, 1810" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[697,978,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8055ACD576562B900D" box="[697,798,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Calathus</emphasis>
Bonelli, 1810
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8054F3D57851CE900D" authority="Bonelli, 1810" authorityName="Bonelli" authorityYear="1810" box="[998,1275,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8054F3D5785172900D" box="[998,1095,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Dromius</emphasis>
Bonelli, 1810
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80521AD57654459068" authority="Motschulsky, 1850" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80521AD57650A9900D" box="[1295,1436,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Limodromus</emphasis>
Motschulsky, 1850
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805669D55C57A49069" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[380,657,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loricera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805669D55C54EB9069" box="[380,478,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Loricera</emphasis>
Latreille, 1802
</taxonomicName>
). Since the true relationships of the fossil species with respect to the modern lineages remain open (e.g., closer affinities to Palaearctic or Nearctic lineages?) no further biogeographical conclusion can be made at the current stage.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="14B96577200FFF8157D2D5C8502495C5" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8057D2D5C854BE9238" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
Because 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80563ED5C854AA90FD" ID-CoL="7CNYX" box="[299,415,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80563ED5C854AA90FD" box="[299,415,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8056B0D5C654D090FD" bold="true" box="[421,485,1447,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF8056B0D5C654D090FD" box="[421,485,1447,1472]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
has short metepisternae, it is highly probable that the hind wings of the fossil species are reduced to short stubs or absent. In 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80556FD5AD57EE90D8" ID-CoL="8KTXW" box="[634,731,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Trechini">Trechini</taxonomicName>
, shortened metepisternae and reduced hind wings generally indicate a strictly edaphic mode of life. It can thus be assumed that the specimen was trapped by the resin at the base of the producing tree or on the forest floor. This is in accordance with the conclusion of 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8053ADD67450509311" author="Larsson" box="[1208,1381,1556,1580]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Larsson, S. G. (1978) Baltic amber - a palaeobiological study. Entomograph, 1, 1 - 192." type="journal article" year="1978">Larsson (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, that arthropods from the forest floor represent an important portion of the Baltic amber specimens. For example, two other strictly edaphic ground beetle species, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8055BCD63D56C09348" ID-CoL="387HF" box="[681,1013,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dyschiriomimus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stackelbergi">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8055BCD63D56C09348" box="[681,1013,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Dyschiriomimus stackelbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805386D63D51C09348" ID-CoL="8KTXG" box="[1171,1269,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scaritini">Scaritini</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80522FD63C55CC93A5" ID-CoL="8MM7V" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Loricera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electrica">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80522FD63C55CC93A5" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Loricera electrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8056BCD61E572993A5" box="[425,540,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Loricerini">Loricerini</taxonomicName>
, were described by 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF805434D61E515F93A5" author="Yablokov-Khnzorian" box="[801,1130,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Yablokov-Khnzorian, S. M. (1960) [New beetles from Baltic Amber]. Paleontological Journal (Paleontologicheskii zhurnal), 3, 90 - 101. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1960">Yablokov-Khnzorian (1960)</bibRefCitation>
, and 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8053ADD61E50A293A5" author="Klausnitzer" box="[1208,1431,1663,1688]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Klausnitzer, B. (2003) Kaferlarven (Insecta: Coleoptera) in Baltischem Bernstein - Moglichkeiten und Grenzen der Bestimmung. Entomologische Abhandlungen, 61 (1), 103 - 108." type="journal article" year="2003">Klausnitzer (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, respectively. With respect to additional 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80554CD6C557FF9380" ID-CoL="8KTL7" box="[601,714,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Carabidae</taxonomicName>
taxa preserved in Baltic amber, it is uncertain whether they are trapped while moving on the tree (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80554AD6A6578693DD" ID-CoL="8KTVP" box="[607,691,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Lebiini">Lebiini</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8055D5D6A6561D93DD" ID-CoL="8KTWY" box="[704,808,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Platynini">Platynini</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805420D6A6569593DD" ID-CoL="8LTCF" box="[821,928,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Tachyina">Tachyina</taxonomicName>
), running on the ground or, as a result of an accident while flying.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C1C36FC200FFF8157D2D76E502495C5" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="548" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
With respect to the extant fauna, most if not all wingless epigean 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8054BED76E51369215" ID-CoL="8KZB9" box="[939,1027,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8054BED76E51369215" box="[939,1027,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Trechus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are occurring exclusively in mountainous regions. This makes it very likely that also the fossil 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF805498D75451369270" ID-CoL="7CNYX" box="[909,1027,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Trechus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balticus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF805498D75451369270" box="[909,1027,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">T. balticus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80531ED75551799270" bold="true" box="[1035,1100,1844,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="75E45795200FFF80531ED75551799270" box="[1035,1100,1844,1869]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
was a montane species. With respect to the environment of the Baltic amber producing forests, which is considered to be situated in the paratropical to subtropical zone of the Eocene (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200FFF8055AED71D56CF92A9" author="Weitschat" box="[699,1018,1916,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" refString="Weitschat, W. &amp; Wichard, W. (2010) Baltic amber. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 80 - 115." type="book chapter" year="2010">Weitschat &amp; Wichard 2010</bibRefCitation>
), the assumption of the existence of montane habitats would explain why a number of additional ground beetle taxa adapted to temperate climates are known from this amber depositions (e.g., 
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80559CD7A5567092E6" box="[649,837,1988,2011]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80559CD7A557DC92E6" ID-CoL="8KV2R" box="[649,745,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Agonum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Agonum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8055ECD7A5567092E6" ID-CoL="8KV3S" box="[761,837,1988,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Amara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amara</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF80544CD7A5568B92E0" ID-CoL="8KVFH" box="[857,958,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Calathus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF80544CD7A5568B92E0" box="[857,958,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Calathus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="9BA34D7F200FFF8054C4D7A5516892E0" box="[977,1117,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Limodromus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="547" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="6ED7EAEE200FFF8054C4D7A5516892E0" box="[977,1117,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="547">Limodromus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). At least warm temperate climatic conditions are assumed for the many higher elevated areas within the vast region that was covered by Baltic amber forests, which stretched from the southern slopes of the Fennoscandian shield in the West to the Ural Mountains in the East and to the Ukrainian highlands in the South (
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200EFF81549CD0BE518895C5" author="Weitschat" box="[905,1213,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="548" refString="Weitschat, W. (2008) Inklusen-Sammlung Otto Helm - erste palaontologische Ergebnisse. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Museums der Natur Gotha, 25, 33 - 38." type="journal article" year="2008">Weitschat &amp; Wichard 2008</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="38324B0D200EFF8153DCD081503395C5" author="Weitschat" box="[1225,1286,224,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="548" refString="Weitschat, W. &amp; Wichard, W. (2010) Baltic amber. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 80 - 115." type="book chapter" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>