131 lines
10 KiB
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131 lines
10 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="B5D87140A23A71CC1A6626FF241FEE02" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Terminalia chebula Retz." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150769435" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5D87140A23A71CC1A6626FF241FEE02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5D87140A23A71CC1A6626FF241FEE02" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName LSID="B5D87140-A23A-71CC-1A66-26FF241FEE02" authority="Retz." authorityName="Retz." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia chebula" order="Myrtales" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chebula">Terminalia chebula Retz.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">hpan-khar-thee</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">mai-mak-na</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">mai-man-nah</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">mana</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">panga</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">phan-kha</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">thankaungh</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">English</emphasis>
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: myrobalan.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Native to India, Indo-China, Myanmar, and Thailand. Cultivated and imported elsewhere. Reported from Myanmar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fruit</emphasis>
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: Used as astringent, antidysenteric, laxative, and tonic. After soaking crushed fruit in water overnight, the clear liquid is used as an eye drop to cure aching eyes. Drinking the fruit powder dissolved in milk daily promotes longevity.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Seed</emphasis>
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: Made into a paste to treat pimples.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Used to cure eye problems and to make laxatives, carminatives, and thway-hsay (literally means "blood medicine"), the traditional blood purification mixture. Used to treat various male and female related disorders, and to treat hemorrhoids.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Bark</emphasis>
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: Boiled and the liquid taken to treat diarrhea and dysentery. Crushed and used as a poultice to prevent excessive bleeding.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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Medicinal uses of this species in India are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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. Medicinal uses of this species in China are discussed in
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<bibRefCitation author="Duke, JA" journalOrPublisher="Lipid / Fett" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B34" refString="Duke, JA, Ayensu, ES, 1985. Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of China. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc., Algonac." year="1985">Duke and Ayensu (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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discusses uses of the species in East and Southeast Asia. In China, it is used as a laxative and tonic, deobstruent, carminative, astringent, expectorant,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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as a remedy for salivating and heartburn; in Indo-China, the fruit is used as a purgative; on the Malay Peninsula, in addition to the uses listed above, the fruits (imported from India) are considered to be antidiarrheic, styptic, antibilious, and antidysenteric; and in Indonesia the unripe and half-ripe fruit (also imported) and galls from this plant are used as an astringent; the flowers are used in a large number of remedies for dysentery.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Reported constituents include oil, tannin, and chebulic and ellagic acids (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Forest Department" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B37" refString="Forest Department, 1999. Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." title="Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." year="1999">Forest Department (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |