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<mods:title id="D5B4E13F99CF57CDE819D58FA9C63EAD">A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia</mods:title>
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<subSubSection id="67C551D23FE4717B3AAFA214A0AC0D2F" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C7672AD27B2C5AF5C44707A9DAF4B497" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicName id="2BB633744733912F41693676AA222475" ID-CoL="5TXJH" authority="Preston, 1907" authorityName="Preston" authorityYear="1907" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus liratulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratulus">Alycaeus liratulus Preston, 1907</taxonomicName>
Figures 7C, 23, 31B
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B0A6AB18D15E2548CB9E87E221FD208" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6C411F91459C5653B3CBE074B23749AA" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="EE3FB56C6E1E8252F2D33B68FB5B1A20" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus (Pincerna) liratula" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratula" subGenus="Pincerna">
<pageBreakToken id="475C195D072D3D75E8E07E8C50B2F594" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" start="start">Alycaeus</pageBreakToken>
(Pincerna) liratula
</taxonomicName>
Preston, 1907: 206;
<bibRefCitation id="D0A818EB3F4FD018DC944E1C26E711B2" author="Robertson, R" journalOrPublisher="Tyronia" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 140" title="Catalog of the types of recent mollusca of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Pt. 5, Gastropoda: Archaegastropoda, Cyclophoracea." volume="15" year="1987">Robertson et al. 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 4;
<bibRefCitation id="ABDF90FF31A09B7EA33AE897E3C53A08" author="Tarruella, A" journalOrPublisher="Spira" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" pagination="71 - 76" title="Listado taxonomico ilustrado de la familia Cyclophoridae J. E. Gray, 1847 (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Parte 2. La subfamilia Alycaeinae J. E. Gray, 1850." url="http://www.molluscat.com/assets/spira_4_12_7.pdf" volume="4" year="2011">
Tarruella and
<normalizedToken id="FBEB9685F923E09641C8FF75235E1B58" originalValue="Domènech">Domenech</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 72;
<bibRefCitation id="DA8FDD8F68A856274D60C437466DD26B" author="Mienis, HK" journalOrPublisher="Haasiana" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="36 - 42" title="List of Additional Type Specimens Deposited or Located in the National Mollusc Collection of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem." url="http://nnhc.huji.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Haasiana_7_2014.pdf" volume="7" year="2014">Mienis 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 37.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61509BF1A0D7257BE343A663A5EA5F60" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="9A7B0A0972A0CCF93892ED0899095A0F" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus (Alycaeus) liratulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratulus" subGenus="Alycaeus">Alycaeus (Alycaeus) liratulus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="701D40EBCF86EEAB5478B78EFF59D419" author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 37" title="A list of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559818" volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw 1928</bibRefCitation>
: 35;
<bibRefCitation id="040DDCF878E6EAD35FC82CA6401E92AE" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="41 - 191" title="Catalogue of the non-marine Mollusca of Sumatra and of its satellite islands." volume="7" year="1959">Benthem Jutting 1959</bibRefCitation>
: 77;
<bibRefCitation id="38EF16B8FB289614C3C2D6F3AF353FC7" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Maassen 2001</bibRefCitation>
: 22;
<bibRefCitation id="8ADF9CD441008332B7E0FB0747B7F94E" author="Clements, R" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="2751 - 2764" title="Using biogeographical patterns of endemic land snails to improve conservation planning for limestone karsts." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2008.08.011" volume="141" year="2008">Clements et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
: 2760.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="049245DCF4A1F947CFB021A22CCB0163" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="9F1902E87576F9E7D0D2CC1FFF3598E8" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus liratulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratulus">Alycaeus liratulus</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="F89549D44A7DB2E2FF02BBCA58652FE5" author="Marwoto, RM" journalOrPublisher="Zoo Indonesia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="8 - 21" title="The occurrence of the terrestrial snail from Sumatra." url="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/zoo_indonesia/article/viewFile/3027/2545" volume="25" year="2016">Marwoto 2016</bibRefCitation>
: 17.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="73944B80BC5CE5F1803DD0FDB8EF9299" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<taxonomicName id="5B3D0F3229D894A305F9320BF3ECF416" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Pincerna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pincerna liratula" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratula">Pincerna liratula</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="AADF7ADC882BEAF67349E80D094DFCEB" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="213 - 219" title="A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincernayanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea)." volume="65" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="6DFEA7C9033914F7114787904FA349A7" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
: 213-219, figure 1C.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5F388023A28679A8DF5C29E93EC5B053" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="type locality">
<paragraph id="EE6EBE926AFBEEAE6DB87E56D1487E20" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type locality.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E45217D4BB9D0E3FF6E04C21A0F31EE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Kelantan.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6AE5310F092F5F487D6727FFC632F3BC" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="type material">
<paragraph id="BAC96FB82A2A6A2D6302D1F70721D203" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1D5A236BE1E3016975F031B30F8E2F58" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Syntypes. Ke-lan-tan (=Kelantan): ANSP 99391/1 (Seen), NHMUK 1907.5.20.191-192/2 (1 specimen seen), HUJ 22445 (Not seen).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E93B27A8E10864A6603750B3E1CC209F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CF54A568B2B4E2C62177F4A1B4A608DF" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Other examined materials.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B785CDD28A5C95568C598A5273A0FF9B" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Mykarst-186 Gua Madu, Kelantan: BOR/MOL 6826/2. KTN 136 Gua Musang, Kelantan: ZRC 1975.2.22.4-7/4. KTN 176 Batu Lesong, Kelantan: BOR/MOL 6831/1. KTN 149 unnamed hill, Kelantan: BOR/MOL 6832/1, BOR/MOL 8334/3. Mykarst-168, Kelantan: BOR/MOL 8411/2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C16F4C9A7B125194536171A1FB7CECB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="98D3A84DB57304A7F6F26D7C158E955E" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22E5A1AEC83DCE1DB30722257E145B5C" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Protoconch. Smooth.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9E58AD97E243B0E4B1CDFE426E992491" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
<paragraph id="8657E7EB21001C89E7EBEC237D594ED5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Shell shape and size.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D1CE872F9DD15AD26059B37CF7C48DE" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Globose. Shell height: 5.62-6.70 mm. Shell width: 5.195-6.08 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5898BD622ACBE207B797585DE58AEEB2" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Spire. Spire height: 1.42-2.01 mm. Spire width: 2.30-2.83 mm. Number of whorls: up to 4 ⅛. Spire shape: oblong conical. Whorl periphery rounded. Umbilicus open.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="00C4D0B943D0F876B60BD786AB5418A3" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
Whorl constriction. At about 3
<normalizedToken id="13933D71E749279ABE509C5A215620F6" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
whorls posterior of protoconch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54B71563EE86623184FCEBA9904A29E6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Breathing tube. Length: 1.13-1.25 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5D19425895F9FE2CB36A12AD4FABB6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Aperture and peristome. Aperture circular, moderately expanded. Aperture height: 2.78-3.16 mm. Aperture width: 2.88-3.43 mm. Peristome double, thickened, slightly notched at suture. No interspace. Peristome orientation 9-20° oblique with respect to the coiling axis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4F1D8FE6619368987D3B5FC3CF94213" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Spiral lines. Distinct. Regularly spaced. Approximately 11-14 lines per 1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="422372B190FD6CC9793DB18AEB4D8714" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Radial ribs running anterior of breathing tube. Radial ribs pronounced, evenly spaced. Approximately 6-7 ribs per 1 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F5F714629A54B7769F261109C1E699C5" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<pageBreakToken id="C752C3567295F09D38604D8BB5956DA3" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" start="start">Radial</pageBreakToken>
ribs running perpendicular to breathing tube. Radial ribs pronounced, evenly spaced. Approximately 9-12 ribs per 1 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="173ED935FDDD6A3A30D9B3D71A7527A9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Radial ribs running posterior of breathing tube. Radial ribs absent immediately posterior of constriction, becoming distinct and unevenly spaced at the middle and then absent again prior to aperture.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60E75403991452F78A504CAF837415EA" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Operculum. Concave, rounded. Exterior covered by calcareous layer. Exterior nucleus with calcareous, cup-like projection. Interior covered by proteinaceous layer, smooth, mamillated.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="084255EE8516F3ED96369B60D24B0ECB" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Shell colour. Off white, apical whorls occasionally pinkish white.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6C7071EC9CC23489B5CD6FB17CEF44C9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Living animal. Body maroon. Head maroon. Tentacles red or brown tipped.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="92D4A232FB09117A957448244D76DBD0" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="habitat">
<paragraph id="FFD7057B75E6F3B5182B0183216ACD33" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9266C029135214946846D0CC6D9AE72B" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Lives on shrubs close to the ground. In forested areas of limestone hills.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="77259E2FDD2B5C01E25CC4678B52F4ED" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="884F52DCB90A65B7CF6049BA14175C5C" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF53737029109A9922F97409D0C6BE42" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Restricted to central and southern Kelantan. Elsewhere, isolated records in northern Sumatra, Indonesia (
<bibRefCitation id="1D1C898C1AAC8B1AB30301AD01376628" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="41 - 191" title="Catalogue of the non-marine Mollusca of Sumatra and of its satellite islands." volume="7" year="1959">Benthem Jutting 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="6E12DA70284CF7C09D4E5C9D014496BE" author="Marwoto, RM" journalOrPublisher="Zoo Indonesia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="8 - 21" title="The occurrence of the terrestrial snail from Sumatra." url="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/zoo_indonesia/article/viewFile/3027/2545" volume="25" year="2016">Marwoto 2016</bibRefCitation>
) need to be verified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0ED3C010F30834AFD08813529055FFD4" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="differential diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7693B100793DD553ED6286F44050EAED" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0C42542C8F22CD19F4E6CBE4D10AEB5E" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="CB533D6CDE4D723C7902F9977D201F0D" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus liratulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratulus">Alycaeus liratulus</taxonomicName>
is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="381E88F4704D23580E799E144CBE69FD" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus thieroti" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thieroti">Alycaeus thieroti</taxonomicName>
in shell shape but differs in having a larger shell (larger by about 1 mm in shell height, 0.8 mm in shell width), wider-spaced radial ribs and spiral lines, longer breathing tube (longer by 0.65 mm) and flat operculum with cup-shaped calcareous extension at the nucleus exterior.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B2EE2CDCD3F9C3217FA2C5B6AA94DC90" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C69EF2EAF6A0B90D03957AE0A502200A" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1A0FAC0FD55CE9818350EBFC94A2EEA9" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Confusion between
<taxonomicName id="C41889818ABDDC0ED790C9C89341B7FA" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B453C07DD851552B7186E2C4715CAD94" lsidName="A. thieroti" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="thieroti">A. thieroti</taxonomicName>
due to similarity in shell shape and poor original descriptions have led to many misidentifications in the past (see Discussion in
<taxonomicName id="FF03E07AC05CD74E87D49660B280AC2D" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus thieroti" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="thieroti">Alycaeus thieroti</taxonomicName>
). Isolated records of
<taxonomicName id="4826D0B1ACEAB942A4D1A7CFCBB79ED4" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
from northern Sumatra (
<bibRefCitation id="BCCFBB2214B821DEBCE22934E42FAC10" author="Benthem Jutting, van WSS" journalOrPublisher="Beaufortia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" pagination="41 - 191" title="Catalogue of the non-marine Mollusca of Sumatra and of its satellite islands." volume="7" year="1959">Benthem Jutting 1959</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C21202F8F6F7A273AE018603DB8AC67D" author="Marwoto, RM" journalOrPublisher="Zoo Indonesia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="8 - 21" title="The occurrence of the terrestrial snail from Sumatra." url="http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/zoo_indonesia/article/viewFile/3027/2545" volume="25" year="2016">Marwoto 2016</bibRefCitation>
) have to be re-examined.
<bibRefCitation id="F56AEA8198993590D21A7F1A7AB94C1B" author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 37" title="A list of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559818" volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw (1928)</bibRefCitation>
considers
<taxonomicName id="0538F478B8524F1EF8998D479D47C48E" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
as closely related to the
<taxonomicName id="2F60A0AD4D05311E75E8D834AEF19045" lsidName="A. globosus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="globosus">A. globosus</taxonomicName>
of Borneo, an opinion we concur based on its globose shell. However,
<taxonomicName id="394A9357ACA8C81987644EA74F69090B" lsidName="A. globosus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="globosus">A. globosus</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="21C32AADE138F45438A242139D3A51A3" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
in the arrangement and density of radial ribs, short breathing tube and absence of a cup-shaped projection at the operculum exterior.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A6C72446A342A6FC1EA4D926829C9835" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Supraspecific classification was attempted for
<taxonomicName id="CD1ECF22EF69EC14A1DA22AC5047151D" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="2F3DC310072FDB0B512F74D72A5D2A58" author="Preston, HB" journalOrPublisher="Theodori Fischer, Casselis" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/202934/summary" year="1907">Preston (1907)</bibRefCitation>
, who created a new
<taxonomicName id="6C6331774019FB0C591052C72CF4CB98" genus="Caenogastropoda" infraspecific-rank="subgenus" lsidName="Caenogastropoda (Pincerna)" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pincerna">subgenus Pincerna</taxonomicName>
based on the sole diagnostic character of the cup-shaped protrusion on the operculum exterior of
<taxonomicName id="776AB748E74A4D4AA22B99A373E3431B" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
. However, the operculum structure is an unsuitable diagnostic character because analogous structures have also been found in
<taxonomicName id="394B53A9208B3FB0340430EAD2C8C5CE" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus kukenthali" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="kukenthali">Alycaeus kukenthali</taxonomicName>
Sarasin &amp; Sarasin, 1899 and
<taxonomicName id="5344478B54A51B0C01AAEF5609515884" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus ochraceus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="ochraceus">Alycaeus ochraceus</taxonomicName>
Godwin-Austen, 1893, two species unrelated in shell shape to
<taxonomicName id="4A90849FD89E0BD576626DCB101C685F" lsidName="A. liratulus" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="liratulus">A. liratulus</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="05FCCCBDEE5598BCBB47C07B9442F905" author="Sarasin, P" journalOrPublisher="Kreidel's Verlag, Weisbaden" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" title="Die land-mollusken von Celebes. C. W." url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/171555/summary" year="1899">Sarasin and Sarasin 1899</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="D1475D7BBBAF320038771D3FF45C31F9" author="Laidlaw, FF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" pagination="25 - 37" title="A list of the Land and Fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with notes." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/41559818" volume="6" year="1928">Laidlaw 1928</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1CD304655748264C895F3A305C812661" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="213 - 219" title="A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincernayanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea)." volume="65" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="6AAC3108E6A95AB8918554B34582880B" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Note that we maintained
<taxonomicName id="E4062E04D2F60D309401EF49E73BD13C" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Pincerna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pincerna" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pincerna</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="4F12C939E4BB13AFB58BABE57AD5C34C" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
although
<taxonomicName id="02A6B42F97DCEA1AFACE6F700CEA58F2" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Pincerna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pincerna" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pincerna</taxonomicName>
was recently elevated to genus level (
<bibRefCitation id="01509B84959994FED9EB07AC3ADEFC29" author="Pall-Gergely, B" journalOrPublisher="Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" pagination="213 - 219" title="A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincernayanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea)." volume="65" year="2017">
<normalizedToken id="0CE8E3243A24666C13BF2F4557786A89" originalValue="Páll-Gergely">Pall-Gergely</normalizedToken>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). See Remarks section under genus
<taxonomicName id="60AC8924D66990BDFFBE01E49C026F7A" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Alycaeus</taxonomicName>
for discussion.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3F655C39A61298EF246D9F6EEBC8142D" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<paragraph id="B266C8831E5DC0D98094DCE2AE2F7797" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
Figure 23.
<taxonomicName id="1D2820D56EFC7778116961D28C81F8B2" class="Gastropoda" family="Alycaeidae" genus="Alycaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Alycaeus liratulus" order="Architaenioglossa" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="liratulus">Alycaeus liratulus</taxonomicName>
(Preston, 1907).
<normalizedToken id="09F846DD9C185F7D39A3F3CF23F1B3E5" originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
Shell of syntype, ANSP 99391
<normalizedToken id="CB88A7B72265430F8410ACABEC5288B9" originalValue="FJ">F-J</normalizedToken>
Shell of BOR/MOL 6831
<normalizedToken id="D86FB7419CA2C316A7739F3AC952841F" originalValue="KM">K-M</normalizedToken>
Close up of shell of BOR/MOL 8357
<normalizedToken id="4078955DD22198596A44A6728D46F69E" originalValue="NQ">N-Q</normalizedToken>
Operculum of BOR/MOL 6832. Scale bars:
<normalizedToken id="CAE1BC5C79DDA18E68BB97C82AF300B2" originalValue="AJ">A-J</normalizedToken>
1 mm; K, L 1 mm; M,
<normalizedToken id="FC866DF1515F3C8772BEEF69A5CA95E1" originalValue="NQ">N-Q</normalizedToken>
0.5 mm. Photographs
<normalizedToken id="4AC97DF3F799867378FE40CBD09DB565" originalValue="AE">A-E</normalizedToken>
by the Malacology Department, ANSP. Photographs
<normalizedToken id="102A97FA70B470373E49288C5FC76572" originalValue="FQ">F-Q</normalizedToken>
by Junn Kitt Foon.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>