treatments-xml/data/36/31/87/363187A3FFEF6F3CA1FBA1034D8EB325.xml

<document id="06C4E82712E0D3B4DF5C41FCCE762474" ID-CLB-Dataset="40068" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6b9d620-532d-41b6-ba53-47440a18831c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="192364" ID-ZooBank="711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" IM.metadata_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1461222857359" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Adler, Peter H. &amp; Crosskey, Roger W." docDate="2015" docId="363187A3FFEF6F3CA1FBA1034D8EB325" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03975p139.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3975 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:07E02900AE43AC961442B06FF8793C31:zootaxa.2013.monograph" docStyleId="07E02900AE43AC961442B06FF8793C31" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Prosimulium hirtipes" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="CA08FFDBFFE26F2EA16CA6264E6FB575" masterDocTitle="Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="14" updateTime="1694970019243" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="0FFE01B2002EBCE4DE6076D2F82E821B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BE9BF927B3726D76AA2A9DDD135C7A16">
<mods:title id="A202A240DF2396FC008955247F5902F8">Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="301B4BE23859F8FD0325D82ED171A8B1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="64A5AD69588FB013E2CEB03E54DDEA84">
<mods:roleTerm id="D27A1F1BCB12A71A8044C73003A49EE6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3D704CDFE29932E9A13CC16AA9F82476">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="45A4B7584FB3A87DAEA3BCE6C5D62267" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2763E4EC15032C78CF65B4475D00BE19">
<mods:roleTerm id="150D196F627412619931CE6F73AF76B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3A91C86414DCE11B7F05D42606764B21">Crosskey, Roger W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="0C64BB1F13C279619B84DEAB6A3E695C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="1E24112D8B30EA5C734A1345BD676A73" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="5F28D6C80BD33789D1D6E93FA5530876">
<mods:title id="45CAEA5AEFC3B286F1BA08D1EC0A4FE5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="24254F2CFEC39297B71C4AE7B1A288E5">
<mods:date id="9B81D8DE30CB22D7E1C5C2C9CDA677EC">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="E5D050499A2E3774C2460419ACAB20CB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="76C6CFCE00AF99772BF208A86EBCEA43">2015-06-25</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="488F1A4B5552BFDC13A733064B65DB8F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="022B1D3552CA7C1989BBEBF0486FB087">3975</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="07DDA388CCB9373C837A41E320A9AC51" type="issue">
<mods:number id="70507C88D038FC543704C381D03A65BF">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="CB53FE9A925BD3C6A28E86919C6A43CD" unit="page">
<mods:start id="A143DB9D4D99E2B33639EEC494DE03E1">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="949DB1889B5258B57E18508D7CA66EBB">139</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="193D9F458AE6756F180FFDADC1A35445">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="C7466B03B408D6CA37A5A244A926019D" type="CLB-Dataset">40068</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="69C67473C646CFE677EE1A9020CDA813" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0B76C2B8A3F0BFFAC23412A8B2F796FF" type="GBIF-Dataset">f6b9d620-532d-41b6-ba53-47440a18831c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6E45FAF4EADF3FC69DF7D2CBF660BD99" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8C87F1B6E9BA834D556F942B70B2A535" type="Zenodo-Dep">192364</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FCE7D6C264BA7CE6F7B39B3F4C25F7A2" type="ZooBank">711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="363187A3FFEF6F3CA1FBA1034D8EB325" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093573" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632456" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093573" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:363187A3FFEF6F3CA1FBA1034D8EB325" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FFEF6F3CA1FBA1034D8EB325" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFEF6F23A1FBA1034FBBB24A" box="[151,468,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEF6F23A1FBA1034FBBB24A" blockId="13.[151,468,1829,1855]" box="[151,468,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<heading id="E56F81D9FFEF6F23A1FBA1034FBBB24A" bold="true" box="[151,468,1829,1855]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEF6F23A1FBA1034FBBB24A" bold="true" box="[151,468,1829,1855]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEF6F23A1FBA1034F4DB24A" ID-CoL="4MVSJ" ID-ENA="1116920" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,290,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">HIRTIPES</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFEF6F3CA1FBA14A4D8EB325" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEF6F23A1FBA14A4C3DB2F1" blockId="13.[151,1436,1900,2033]" box="[151,594,1900,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEF6F23A1FBA14A4C3DB2F1" authority="Peterson" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,594,1900,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEF6F23A1FBA14A4F84B2F0" bold="true" box="[151,491,1900,1925]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Prosimulium approximatum</emphasis>
Peterson
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEF6F23A1ABA1A94AC6B2B9" blockId="13.[151,1436,1900,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEF6F23A1ABA1A94A6CB2B9" author="Rothfels" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEF6F23A323A1924CB1B2B8" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[591,734,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEF6F23A323A1924CB1B2B8" box="[591,734,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEF6F23A21EA1934D98B2B9" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[882,1015,1973,1996]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEF6F23A21EA1934D98B2B9" box="[882,1015,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mysticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEF6F23A563A1924A09B2B8" box="[1039,1126,1972,1997]" name="Canada" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEF6F23A51DA1924AC6B2B9" box="[1137,1193,1972,1996]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEF6F23A1ABA1FE4D95B284" blockId="13.[151,1436,1900,2033]" box="[199,1018,2008,2033]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEF6F23A1ABA1FE4F1EB285" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,2008,2033]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEF6F23A010A1FE4FABB284" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,2008,2033]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEF6F23A3D8A1FF4D55B285" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[692,826,2009,2032]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mysticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEF6F23A3D8A1FF4D55B285" box="[692,826,2009,2032]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. mysticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEF6F23A2F6A1FE4D95B284" box="[922,1018,2008,2033]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA6B14C4AB5C5" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,549,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA6B14C4AB5C5" authority="Adler &amp; Kim" authorityName="Adler &amp; Kim" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,549,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arvum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA6B14FE7B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,392,151,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium arvum</emphasis>
Adler &amp; Kim
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA69D4FFCB46E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA69D4BF8B58D" author="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CII and CIII regions and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII region; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A2C0A6F94A54B58D" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[940,1083,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A2C0A6F94A54B58D" box="[940,1083,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A5A1A6C64BE4B582" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[1229,1419,224,247]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A5A1A6C64BE4B582" box="[1229,1419,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. approximatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A195A7254F3FB469" box="[249,336,259,284]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A037A7254FFCB46E" box="[347,403,259,283]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA7004A5CB44A" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1075,294,319]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA7004F1EB44A" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,294,319]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A7004FABB44A" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,294,319]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A3D8A70E4D1DB44A" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[692,882,296,319]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="approximatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A3D8A70E4D1DB44A" box="[692,882,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. approximatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A2BFA7004A5CB44A" box="[979,1075,294,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA76C4AF8B416" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1175,330,355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA76C4C63B416" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,330,355]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, notes on geographic variation): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A55BA76C4AF8B416" box="[1079,1175,330,355]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA7484CB5B4F2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,730,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA7484CB5B4F2" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,730,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clandestinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA7484FB6B4F2" bold="true" box="[151,473,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium clandestinum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA7B44B22B4BB" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA7B44C4BB4DF" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,548,402,427]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, original description of species, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A384A7934D17B4BB" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[744,888,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A384A7934D17B4BB" box="[744,888,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard, whole-arm transposition): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A479A7904B22B4BB" box="[1301,1357,438,462]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA7FF4CEEB487" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,641,473,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA7FF4CEEB487" authority="Peterson &amp; DeFoliart" authorityName="Peterson &amp; DeFoliart" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,641,473,498]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daviesi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA7FF4FE4B487" bold="true" box="[151,395,473,498]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium daviesi</emphasis>
Peterson &amp; DeFoliart
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA7DB4AEEB763" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1153,509,534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA7DB4F1EB763" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,509,534]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A7DB4FABB763" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,509,534]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A3D8A7D84D78B763" authorityName="Sommerman" authorityYear="1962" box="[692,791,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doveri">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A3D8A7D84D78B763" box="[692,791,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. doveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Utah and Colorado): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A525A7D84AEEB763" box="[1097,1153,510,534]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA4074D42B728" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA4074C77B74C" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,536,545,570]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, geographic variation, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A08BA4624C18B728" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,580,605]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A08BA4624C18B728" box="[487,631,580,605]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A399A4634D42B728" box="[757,813,581,605]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA44E4C74B7F4" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,539,616,641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA44E4C74B7F4" authority="Sommerman" authorityName="Sommerman" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,539,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doveri">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA44E4FEAB7F4" bold="true" box="[151,389,616,641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium doveri</emphasis>
Sommerman
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA4AB4D9EB7BD" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA4AB4DFDB7BD" author="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, and IIIL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A34FA4894CDDB7BD" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[547,690,687,712]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A34FA4894CDDB7BD" box="[547,690,687,712]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A22AA4974D37B7BD" box="[838,856,689,712]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P.</emphasis>
‘E’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A2F1A4894D9EB7BD" box="[925,1009,687,712]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA4F54AD1B799" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1214,723,748]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA4F54F13B799" author="Grinchuk" box="[199,380,723,748]" firstAuthor="Grinchuk" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 172" refId="ref98327" refString="Grinchuk, T. M. (1967) A study of polymorphism in the polytene chromosomes of the blackfly species Prosimulium hirtipes (Simuliidae, Diptera), indigenous to the Leningrad Region. Genetika, 1, 165 - 172. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1967">Grinchuk (1967</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A2BEA4F34A50B799" box="[978,1087,723,748]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. h i r t i pe s</emphasis>
‘E’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A5EAA4F24AD1B799" box="[1158,1214,724,748]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA4D14BF3B665" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1436,759,784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA4D14F1EB665" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,759,784]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A4D14FABB665" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,759,784]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A3D8A4DE4D78B665" authorityName="Sommerman" authorityYear="1962" box="[692,791,759,784]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doveri">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A3D8A4DE4D78B665" box="[692,791,759,784]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. doveri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
British 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A21DA4D14DB0B665" box="[881,991,759,784]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Columbia</collectingCountry>
segregate only plus 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A5A9A4DE4ABCB67A" box="[1221,1235,760,783]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P</emphasis>
. ‘n. sp.’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A424A4D14BF3B665" box="[1352,1436,759,784]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA53D4B52B641" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1341,795,820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA53D4C63B646" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,795,820]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A5B0A53D4B52B641" box="[1244,1341,795,820]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA5184C36B622" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,601,830,855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA5184C36B622" authority="Sommerman" authorityName="Sommerman" authorityYear="1964" box="[151,601,830,855]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="esselbaughi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA5184FADB622" bold="true" box="[151,450,830,855]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium esselbaughi</emphasis>
Sommerman
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA5454D09B6EA" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA5454CAFB6EA" author="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A195A5A04FE6B6EA" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A195A5A04FE6B6EA" box="[249,393,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A377A5A14CE3B6EA" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[539,652,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A377A5A14CE3B6EA" box="[539,652,902,927]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘2’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A3A0A5A04D4CB6EA" box="[716,803,902,927]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A242A5A14D09B6EA" box="[814,870,903,927]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA58C4AD4B6B7" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1211,938,963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA58C4F13B6B6" author="Grinchuk" box="[199,380,938,963]" firstAuthor="Grinchuk" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="165 - 172" refId="ref98327" refString="Grinchuk, T. M. (1967) A study of polymorphism in the polytene chromosomes of the blackfly species Prosimulium hirtipes (Simuliidae, Diptera), indigenous to the Leningrad Region. Genetika, 1, 165 - 172. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1967">Grinchuk (1967</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A2BEA58D4A50B6B7" box="[978,1087,938,963]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. h i r t i pe s</emphasis>
‘2’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A5EFA58C4AD4B6B7" box="[1155,1211,938,962]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA5EB4D27B693" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,840,973,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA5EB4F1EB693" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,973,998]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A5EB4FABB693" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,973,998]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A384A5EB4D27B693" box="[744,840,973,998]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA5D74BECB17F" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1411,1009,1034]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA5D74C63B17F" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1009,1034]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on possible sibling species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A427A5D44BECB17F" box="[1355,1411,1010,1034]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA2334C09B15B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,614,1045,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA2334C09B15B" authority="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,614,1045,1070]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA2334FC2B15B" bold="true" box="[151,429,1045,1070]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium fontanum</emphasis>
Syme &amp; Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA21F4D0FB127" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,864,1081,1106]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA21F4CC3B127" author="Rothfels" box="[199,684,1081,1106]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 122" refId="ref116134" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1956) Black flies: siblings, sex, and species grouping. Journal of Heredity, 47, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1956">
Rothfels (1956, drawing of IIIS; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A33AA21C4C07B124" box="[598,616,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P.</emphasis>
‘16’)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A26CA21F4D0FB127" box="[768,864,1081,1106]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA27B4AF0B1EC" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA27B4F0DB100" author="Basrur" box="[199,354,1116,1141]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A019A27A4FDFB100" author="Basrur" box="[373,432,1116,1141]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of CI region, IS, IIS, and partial IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A251A2A64DA2B1EC" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[829,973,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A251A2A64DA2B1EC" box="[829,973,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A527A2A64AF0B1EC" box="[1099,1183,1152,1177]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA2834CACB1C8" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,707,1188,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA2834C7FB1C8" author="Basrur" box="[199,528,1188,1213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">Basrur (1962, IIIL sequence)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A30FA2824CACB1C8" box="[611,707,1188,1213]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA2E14FCDB071" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA2E14F98B195" author="Rothfels &amp; Freeman" box="[199,503,1223,1248]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, inversions in CI region mapped, notes on relation to ‘ 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A5A7A2EF4B5AB195" box="[1227,1333,1225,1248]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">P. m i xt um</emphasis>
group’): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A02DA2CD4FCDB071" box="[321,418,1259,1284]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA3294D27B05D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,840,1295,1320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA3294F1EB05D" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1295,1320]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A3294FABB05D" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1295,1320]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A384A3294D27B05D" box="[744,840,1295,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA3154A77B03E" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1048,1331,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA3154DB9B039" author="Adler" box="[199,982,1331,1356]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">Adler &amp; Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A28CA3154A77B03E" box="[992,1048,1331,1355]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA3704C7AB01A" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,533,1366,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA3704C7AB01A" authority="Shewell" authorityName="Shewell" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,533,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA3704FDBB01A" bold="true" box="[151,436,1366,1391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium formosum</emphasis>
Shewell
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA35D4C35B0C2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA35D4F93B0C2" author="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A195A3B84FE6B0C2" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A195A3B84FE6B0C2" box="[249,393,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A36AA3B84C35B0C2" box="[518,602,1438,1463]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA3E44D27B0AE" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,840,1474,1499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA3E44F1EB0AF" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1474,1499]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A3E44FABB0AE" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1474,1499]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A384A3E44D27B0AE" box="[744,840,1474,1499]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA3C34AE8B08B" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1159,1509,1534]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA3C34C63B08B" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1509,1534]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, notes on revised inversion breakpoints): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A54BA3C34AE8B08B" box="[1063,1159,1509,1534]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA02F4C4AB357" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,549,1545,1570]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A1FBA02F4C4AB357" authority="Sommerman" authorityName="Sommerman" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,549,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frohnei">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA02F4FE0B357" bold="true" box="[151,399,1545,1570]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium frohnei</emphasis>
Sommerman
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA0084C51B31C" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA0084F93B31F" author="Basrur" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFEC6F20A195A0774FE6B31F" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A195A0774FE6B31F" box="[249,393,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A36AA0774C51B31C" box="[518,574,1617,1641]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA0524C36B3C4" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA0524FDAB3C4" author="Carlsson" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref89370" refString="Carlsson, G. (1966) Cytology of the black fly Prosimulium frohnei Sommerman. Hereditas, 55, 73 - 78. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1601 - 5223.1966. tb 02037. x" type="journal article" year="1966">Carlsson (1966, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IL, IIS, and IIIS, and IIL polymorphisms)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A0D3A0BE4C79B3C4" box="[447,534,1688,1713]" name="Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A34DA0BF4C36B3C4" box="[545,601,1689,1713]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA09A4D27B3A0" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,840,1724,1749]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA09A4F1EB3A0" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1724,1749]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A010A09A4FABB3A0" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1724,1749]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A384A09A4D27B3A0" box="[744,840,1724,1749]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA0F94B0CB38D" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1379,1759,1784]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA0F94C63B38D" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1759,1784]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A447A0C64B0CB38D" box="[1323,1379,1760,1784]" name="United States of America" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1FBA1254C72B269" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,541,1795,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFEC6F20A1FBA1254FC3B269" bold="true" box="[151,428,1795,1820]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Prosimulum frontatum</emphasis>
Terteryan
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA1014DF4B235" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,923,1831,1856]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA1014D5FB235" author="Chubareva, L. A." box="[199,816,1831,1856]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="105 - 111" refId="ref90298" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]" title="Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A255A1014DF4B235" box="[825,923,1831,1856]" name="Armenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA16D4A7FB211" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1040,1867,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA16D4DCBB211" author="Chubareva" box="[199,932,1867,1892]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="1492 - 1502" refId="ref90480" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="d">Chubareva (1977d, idiogram, notes on general polytene features)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A2C2A16D4A7FB211" box="[942,1040,1867,1892]" name="Armenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA1484D61B2F2" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,782,1902,1927]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA1484CCDB2F2" author="Chubareva" box="[199,674,1902,1927]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref90572" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">Chubareva (1978b, description, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A3C0A1484D61B2F2" box="[684,782,1902,1927]" name="Armenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA1B44A21B2DE" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1102,1938,1963]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA1B44C6AB2DE" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,517,1938,1963]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A37CA1B54C24B2DE" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[528,587,1939,1963]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A280A1B44A21B2DE" box="[1004,1102,1938,1963]" name="Armenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFEC6F20A1ABA1904F33B286" blockId="14.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFEC6F20A1ABA1904CDCB2BA" author="Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan" box="[199,691,1974,1999]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="637 - 640" refId="ref103352" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]" type="journal article" year="1996">Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan (1996</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFEC6F20A195A1FC4F33B286" box="[249,348,2010,2035]" name="Armenia" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA6B14AF0B5C5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1183,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA6B14CF4B5C5" author="Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva" box="[199,667,151,176]" firstAuthor="Kachvoryan" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref103642" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]" type="journal article" year="2003">Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A551A6B14AF0B5C5" box="[1085,1183,151,176]" name="Armenia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA69A4B55B5A0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1338,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA69A4AA1B5A0" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1230,188,213]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A5B4A69A4B55B5A0" box="[1240,1338,188,213]" name="Armenia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA6F94D38B468" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA6F94C84B468" author="Adler" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IL, and IIS; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A08BA7224C18B468" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A08BA7224C18B468" box="[487,631,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A399A7224D38B468" box="[757,855,260,285]" name="Armenia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1FBA7014C70B435" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[151,543,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A1FBA7014C70B435" authority="Shewell" authorityName="Shewell" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,543,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvithorax">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A1FBA7014FD0B435" bold="true" box="[151,447,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium fulvithorax</emphasis>
Shewell
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA76B4D74B4FD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA76B4CD4B4FD" author="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A195A7494FE6B4FD" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A195A7494FE6B4FD" box="[249,393,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A377A7574C41B4FD" box="[539,558,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P.</emphasis>
‘species 1’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A3ABA7494D74B4FD" box="[711,795,367,392]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA7B24D27B4D8" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,840,404,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA7B24F1EB4D9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,404,429]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A010A7B24FABB4D8" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,404,429]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A384A7B24D27B4D8" box="[744,840,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA7914DB3B4A5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,988,439,464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA7914C63B4A5" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,439,464]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, sex-chromosome polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2C8A79E4DB3B4A5" box="[932,988,440,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1FBA7FA4C77B480" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[151,536,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A1FBA7FA4C77B480" authority="(Coquillett)" authorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[151,536,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A1FBA7FA4FE1B480" bold="true" box="[151,398,476,501]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium fulvum</emphasis>
(Coquillett)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4264CD9B749" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4264C1BB748" author="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of partial IIIL, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A01CA4024F90B748" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[368,511,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A01CA4024F90B748" box="[368,511,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A312A4024CD9B749" box="[638,694,548,572]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4614A20B715" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1103,583,608]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4614F1EB715" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,583,608]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A010A4614FABB715" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,583,608]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram, possible sibling species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2D9A4614A63B715" box="[949,1036,583,608]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A57BA46E4A20B715" box="[1047,1103,584,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1FBA44A4C27B7F0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[151,584,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A1FBA44A4C27B7F0" authority="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,584,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A1FBA44A4FFFB7F0" bold="true" box="[151,400,620,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium fuscum</emphasis>
Syme &amp; Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4A94BE0B7DD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1423,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4A94B73B7DD" author="Rothfels" box="[199,1308,655,680]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="113 - 122" refId="ref116134" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1956) Black flies: siblings, sex, and species grouping. Journal of Heredity, 47, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1956">
Rothfels (1956, characterization, drawing of IIIS, idiogram, photo of partial IIIL; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A514A4B74A86B7DD" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1144,1257,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A514A4B74A86B7DD" box="[1144,1257,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘1’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A443A4A94BE6B7DD" box="[1327,1417,655,680]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4934DA8B7B8" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,967,692,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4934F33B7B8" author="Basrur" box="[199,348,692,717]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A004A4924FCCB7B8" author="Basrur" box="[360,419,692,717]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram, photo of IIIL): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A20AA4924DA8B7B8" box="[870,967,692,717]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4FE4CD4B785" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,699,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4FE4C68B785" author="Basrur" box="[199,519,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">Basrur (1962, photo of IIIL)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A336A4F14CD4B785" box="[602,699,727,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA4DA4DB0B629" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA4DA4F96B661" author="Rothfels &amp; Freeman" box="[199,505,764,789]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIIS, polymorphisms, and hybrid complement with 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A576A5074AE3B64D" box="[1050,1164,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. m i x t u m</emphasis>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A195A5624FE6B628" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A195A5624FE6B628" box="[249,393,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; sex-chromosome evolution): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A229A5624DF3B628" box="[837,924,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2CBA5624DB0B629" box="[935,991,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA5414C9AB6F5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,757,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA5414C2DB6F5" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,871,896]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A3F8A5414C9AB6F5" box="[660,757,871,896]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA5AA4D82B6D0" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1005,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA5AA4D54B6D0" author="Rothfels" box="[199,827,908,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (1980, 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A010A5AA4FBCB6D1" box="[380,467,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">de novo</emphasis>
intrachanges and interchanges)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2E1A5AA4D82B6D0" box="[909,1005,908,933]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA5894A9CB6BD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1267,943,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA5894A2FB6BD" author="Rothfels" box="[199,1088,943,968]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Rothfels (1981b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, polymorphisms)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A5FEA5894A9CB6BD" box="[1170,1267,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA5F24AD9B699" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1206,980,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA5F24A1BB699" author="Adler" box="[199,1140,980,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">Adler &amp; Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A512A5F24AD9B699" box="[1150,1206,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA5DE4CD0B165" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,703,1015,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA5DE4F95B165" author="Coscaron" box="[199,506,1015,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref94589" refString="Coscaron, C. L. (1989) Estudios citotaxonomicos y bioecologicos de Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) de Argentina. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 293 pp." type="book" year="1989">Coscarón (1989, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A33AA5D14CD5B165" box="[598,698,1015,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA23A4D6AB140" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,773,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA23A4C2FB140" author="Coscaron-Arias" box="[199,576,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="445 - 458" refId="ref94629" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1998) The polytene chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and three species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 445 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761998000400006" type="journal article" year="1998">Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A3F0A23A4D6FB140" box="[668,768,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA2194A13B12D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1148,1087,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA2194C63B12D" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A570A2194A13B12D" box="[1052,1148,1087,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1FBA2424F89B108" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[151,486,1124,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A1FBA2424F89B108" authority="(Fries)" authorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[151,486,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A1FBA2424FFAB108" bold="true" box="[151,405,1124,1149]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium hirtipes</emphasis>
(Fries)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA2AE4C41B19D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA2AE4F0DB1D5" author="Basrur" box="[199,354,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A018A2A14FC0B1D5" author="Basrur" box="[372,431,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IS, IIS, IIL, and partial IIIL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A5F8A28A4B4BB1B0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[1172,1316,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A5F8A28A4B4BB1B0" box="[1172,1316,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A195A2E94F28B19D" box="[249,327,1231,1256]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A039A2E94FD8B19D" box="[341,439,1231,1256]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A0AEA2E94C49B19D" box="[450,550,1231,1256]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scotland</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA2D24A22B079" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1101,1268,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA2D24D9EB078" author="Rothfels" box="[199,1009,1268,1293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="435" refId="ref116570" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Basrur, P. K. (1960) The interrelations of Prosimulium hirtipes (Fries) and allied European and North American species (Diptera: Simuliidae) - A salivary gland chromosome study. Verhandlungen 11 th Internationaler Kongress fur Entomologie. Wien [Vienna,] Austria, 1 (3), 435." type="journal article" year="1960">Rothfels &amp; Basrur (1960, chromosomal recognition of multiple species)</bibRefCitation>
: Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA3314C65B00D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA3314F11B045" author="Grinchuk" box="[199,382,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Grinchuk" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="165 - 172" refId="ref98327" refString="Grinchuk, T. M. (1967) A study of polymorphism in the polytene chromosomes of the blackfly species Prosimulium hirtipes (Simuliidae, Diptera), indigenous to the Leningrad Region. Genetika, 1, 165 - 172. [In Russian with English summary: title of latter includes the word ' Adirondack' not present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1967">Grinchuk (1967</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; comparison with selected North American members of 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A5B8A33F4B2AB045" box="[1236,1349,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. h i r t i pe s</emphasis>
group; idiogram; photos of all chromosomes, metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements, and polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A0D3A3794C65B00D" box="[447,522,1375,1400]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA3A24DDEB0B5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA3A24D33B0B5" author="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="234 - 241" refId="ref92183" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1969) Karyological peculiarities of the blackfly Helodon ferrugineus Wahlb. in relation to some questions of systematics. Tsitologiya, 11, 234 - 241. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1969">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1969, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A3BBA3A34D14B0E9" baseAuthorityName="Wahlberg" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[727,891,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Helodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A3BBA3A34D14B0E9" box="[727,891,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">H. ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, partial photos of chromosomes I and III)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A20AA3814DDEB0B5" box="[870,945,1447,1472]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA3EA4CD0B37D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA3EA4C39B37D" author="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="552 - 558" refId="ref92232" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1975) A karyotypic study of the plesiomorphic species Austrosimulium tillyardi from New Zealand and its genetic relations with some other genera of Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 54, 552 - 558. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter includes the words ' the family'.]" type="journal article" year="1975">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1975, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A392A3EA4A3BB090" authorityName="Dumbleton" authorityYear="1973" box="[766,1108,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillyardianum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A392A3EA4A3BB090" box="[766,1108,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Austrosimulium tillyardianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFED6F21A5FDA3EA4B7EB090" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1925" box="[1169,1297,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Austrosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tillyardi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFED6F21A5FDA3EA4B7EB090" box="[1169,1297,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">A. tillyardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A304A3C94CD7B37D" box="[616,696,1519,1544]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA0324F2BB325" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA0324BF6B358" author="Chubareva, L. A." box="[199,1433,1556,1581]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="105 - 111" refId="ref90298" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]" title="Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva (1977a, description, idiogram, photos of metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A195A0114F2BB325" box="[249,324,1591,1616]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA07A4C02B300" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,621,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA07A4C77B300" author="Chubareva" box="[199,536,1628,1653]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="198 - 209" refId="ref90393" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 b) Karyotypical features and phylogenetic connections of the relict species of blackflies in the subfamily Gymnopaidinae (Simuliidae, Diptera). Tsitologiya, 19, 198 - 209. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">Chubareva (1977b, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A34EA07A4C02B300" box="[546,621,1628,1653]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA0594A22B3ED" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1101,1663,1688]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA0594FF6B3ED" author="Chubareva" box="[199,409,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1492 - 1502" refId="ref90480" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="d">Chubareva (1977d</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A0C9A0594F82B3ED" author="Chubareva" box="[421,493,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref90572" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">1978b</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A56EA0594A22B3ED" box="[1026,1101,1663,1688]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA0824A12B3C8" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1149,1700,1725]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA0824C6AB3C9" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,517,1700,1725]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A37CA0824C24B3C9" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[528,587,1700,1724]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A33AA0824CFEB3C9" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[598,657,1700,1724]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A55EA0824A12B3C8" box="[1074,1149,1700,1725]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA0E14DBAB395" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,981,1735,1760]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA0E14F1EB395" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A010A0E14FABB395" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1735,1760]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A3CCA0E14C81B395" box="[672,750,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A390A0E14D32B395" box="[764,861,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A205A0E14DA2B395" box="[873,973,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Scotland</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA0CA4D9BB270" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1012,1772,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA0CA4DCFB270" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,928,1772,1797]" journalOrPublisher="Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="104" refId="ref92820" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]" title="Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region" type="proceedings paper" volumeTitle="Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2000b, note on general polytene features)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2C5A0CA4D9BB270" box="[937,1012,1772,1797]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA1294A4EB25D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,1057,1807,1832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA1294DA3B25D" author="Chubareva" box="[199,972,1807,1832]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="992 - 1000" refId="ref91695" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (2001 b) Triploidy in populations of three species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Region, Tuva and the Pamir. Tsitologiya, 43, 992 - 1000. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Chubareva (2001b, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A2BAA1294A4EB25D" box="[982,1057,1807,1832]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA1124C2BB205" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA1124F80B205" author="Chubareva" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFED6F21A095A1714C2BB205" box="[505,580,1879,1904]" name="Russia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFED6F21A1ABA15A4D59B2E1" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1941]" box="[199,822,1916,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFED6F21A1ABA15A4CB4B2E0" author="Adler" box="[199,731,1916,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny)</bibRefCitation>
: Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA6B14CE4B5C5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,651,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA6B14CE4B5C5" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,651,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="idemai">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA6B14FE5B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,394,151,176]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium idemai</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA69A4C53B58D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA69A4C62B5A1" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,525,188,213]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization and partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA52DA69A4ABEB5A0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[1089,1233,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA52DA69A4ABEB5A0" box="[1089,1233,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard, original description of species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA368A6C64C53B58D" box="[516,572,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA7224FA6B468" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,457,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA7224FA6B468" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,457,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isos">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA7224F0AB468" bold="true" box="[151,357,260,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium isos</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA7014FD3B410" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA7014F08B410" author="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="992 - 1000" refId="ref91695" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (2001 b) Triploidy in populations of three species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Region, Tuva and the Pamir. Tsitologiya, 43, 992 - 1000. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">Chubareva (2001b, parthenogenesis; photos of metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements; triploidy)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA01DA76A4FD3B410" box="[369,444,332,357]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA7494D81B4FD" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1006,367,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA7494C6BB4FD" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,367,392]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA2C9A7494D81B4FD" box="[933,1006,367,392]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA7B34C0EB4A5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA7B34C4DB4D8" author="Petrova &amp; Chubareva" box="[199,546,404,429]" firstAuthor="Petrova" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref93097" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2006) B chromosome polymorphism of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Tsitologiya, 48, 253 - 263. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2006">Petrova &amp; Chubareva (2006</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA37AA7914C0EB4A5" box="[534,609,439,464]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA7FA4BFCB480" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1427,476,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA7FA4B51B480" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1342,476,501]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a, description; photos of metaphase and polytene complements; triploidy)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA424A7FA4BFCB480" box="[1352,1427,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA7D94C6FB76D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,512,511,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA7D94C6FB76D" authority="Shiraki" authorityName="Shiraki" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,512,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kiotoense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA7D94FC6B76D" bold="true" box="[151,425,511,536]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium kiotoense</emphasis>
Shiraki
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA4024C93B72A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA4024CDEB715" author="Okada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref109100" refString="Okada, K. (1985). On gross complement characteristics in idiograms of the salivary gland chromosomes of a prosimuliid black fly, Prosimulium kiotoense (Diptera; Simuliidae). Juntendo University Bulletin of Letters and Science, 28, 47 - 51. [In Japanese with English title and summary.]" type="journal article" year="1985">Okada (1985, description, idiogram, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and interpretive drawings, polytene chromosome relative lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA3D0A46E4C93B72A" box="[700,764,584,607]" name="Japan" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA44A4C5BB7F0" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,564,620,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA44A4C5BB7F0" authority="(Enderlein)" authorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[151,564,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latimucro">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA44A4FC2B7F0" bold="true" box="[151,429,620,645]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium latimucro</emphasis>
(Enderlein)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA4B64DF9B79A" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA4B64F30B7DD" author="Basrur" box="[199,351,655,680]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA001A4A94FC7B7DD" author="Basrur" box="[365,424,655,680]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of IIS, IIL, and polymorphisms; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI region and partial IL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA50DA4924A9EB7B8" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[1121,1265,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA50DA4924A9EB7B8" box="[1121,1265,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA4EBA4934F39B785" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1957" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA4EBA4934F39B785" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA0E0A4FF4C6AB785" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1957" box="[396,517,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA0E0A4FF4C6AB785" box="[396,517,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘aff. 1’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA31EA4F14CAFB785" box="[626,704,727,752]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA3A2A4F14D59B785" box="[718,822,727,752]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Scotland</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA225A4FE4DF9B79A" box="[841,918,728,751]" name="France" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">France</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA4DA4B42B660" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1325,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA4DA4AAEB661" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,1217,764,789]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1085 - 1088" refId="ref115803" refString="Ralcheva, N. M. &amp; Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1973">
Ralcheva &amp; Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA54CA4DB4ADAB660" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[1056,1205,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conistylum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA54CA4DB4ADAB660" box="[1056,1205,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. conistylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA5A1A4DA4B42B660" box="[1229,1325,764,789]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA5394B40B64D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1327,799,824]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA5394F15B64D" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,378,799,824]" firstAuthor="Ralcheva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref115663" refString="Ralcheva, N. [M.] (1974) Karyological peculiarities of four species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roub., fam. Simuliidae. Genetika i Selektsiya (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Sofiya, 7, 61 - 76. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">Ralcheva (1974</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, photos of polymorphisms and all arms; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA54DA5074AD9B64D" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[1057,1206,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conistylum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA54DA5074AD9B64D" box="[1057,1206,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. conistylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA5A2A5394B40B64D" box="[1230,1327,799,824]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA5624C9EB629" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,753,836,861]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA5624F1EB629" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,836,861]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA010A5624FABB628" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,836,861]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA5414DD5B6D1" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA5414D24B6D0" author="Adler" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref84328" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Belqat, B. (2001) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 32, 411 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00281" type="journal article" year="2001">
Adler &amp; Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIL; probable distinct species; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA32BA5AA4CB8B6D0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[583,727,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA32BA5AA4CB8B6D0" box="[583,727,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA239A5AB4DD5B6D1" box="[853,954,909,932]" name="Morocco" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA5894DBEB6B2" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,977,943,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA5894CB4B6BD" author="Adler" box="[199,731,943,968]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny)</bibRefCitation>
: Europe and 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA200A5964DBEB6B2" box="[876,977,944,967]" name="Morocco" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA5F24C74B698" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,539,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA5F24C74B698" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1956" box="[151,539,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="luganicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA5F24FD9B698" bold="true" box="[151,438,980,1005]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium luganicum</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA5D14DEBB165" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,900,1015,1040]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA5D14D5FB165" author="Chubareva, L. A." box="[199,816,1015,1040]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="105 - 111" refId="ref90298" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]" title="Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA255A5D14DEBB165" box="[825,900,1015,1040]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA23A4A22B140" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1101,1052,1077]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA23A4FF6B140" author="Chubareva" box="[199,409,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1492 - 1502" refId="ref90480" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="d">Chubareva (1977d</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA0C9A23A4F82B140" author="Chubareva" box="[421,493,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref90572" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">1978b</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA56EA23A4A22B140" box="[1026,1101,1052,1077]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA2194F2BB108" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA2194C66B12D" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,521,1087,1112]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." firstAuthor="Chubareva" journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA379A2664C3FB12D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[533,592,1088,1112]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">2003</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA331A2664CF7B12D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[605,664,1088,1112]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA195A2424F2BB108" box="[249,324,1124,1149]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA2A14AF2B1D5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1181,1159,1184]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA2A14FE4B1D5" author="Chubareva" box="[199,395,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1652 - 1660" refId="ref90936" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1984) Comparative analysis of karyotypes in the Simuliidae and Chironomidae. Zoolgichesky Zhurnal, 63, 1652 - 1660. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1984">Chubareva (1984</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA53EA2A14AF2B1D5" box="[1106,1181,1159,1184]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA28A4F2BB19D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA28A4CC1B1B0" author="Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan" box="[199,686,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="637 - 640" refId="ref103352" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]" type="journal article" year="1996">Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan (1996</bibRefCitation>
, description, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA195A2E94F2BB19D" box="[249,324,1231,1256]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA2D24D20B045" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA2D24C95B045" author="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="50" refId="ref92664" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1999) Peculiarities of the karyotype and the rank of the supraspecific taxa of Palaearctic blackflies of the subfamily Prosimuliinae Enderlein (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 78, 189 - 195. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 79, 50 - 57 (1999).]" type="journal article" year="1999">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1999, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA268A3314D20B045" box="[772,847,1303,1328]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA31A4FA5B0E9" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA31A4F3AB00D" author="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA032A3794FC5B00D" box="[350,426,1375,1400]" name="Russia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Russia</collectingCountry>
. NOTE: The polytene chromosomes in fig. 18 of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA2A4A3794B7FB00D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[968,1296,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
appear to be those of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA03AA3A34FABB0E8" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[342,452,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA03AA3A34FABB0E8" box="[342,452,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA3814CA9B0B5" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,710,1447,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA3814CA9B0B5" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,710,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minifulvum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA3814FAAB0B5" bold="true" box="[151,453,1447,1472]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium minifulvum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA3EA4C51B37D" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA3EA4C76B091" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,537,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA195A3C94FE6B37D" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA195A3C94FE6B37D" box="[249,393,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA36AA3D64C51B37D" box="[518,574,1520,1544]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1FBA0324C20B358" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,591,1556,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA1FBA0324C20B358" authority="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" box="[151,591,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA1FBA0324FF9B358" bold="true" box="[151,406,1556,1581]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium mixtum</emphasis>
Syme &amp; Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA0114FCDB300" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA0114BF8B325" author="Rothfels" box="[199,1431,1591,1616]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 122" refId="ref116134" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1956) Black flies: siblings, sex, and species grouping. Journal of Heredity, 47, 113 - 122." type="journal article" year="1956">
Rothfels (1956, characterization; drawing of IIIS; idiogram; photos of partial II and IIIL; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA581A01F4B0EB325" baseAuthorityName="Fries" baseAuthorityYear="1824" box="[1261,1377,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirtipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA581A01F4B0EB325" box="[1261,1377,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. hirtipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘2’)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA02DA07A4FCDB300" box="[321,418,1628,1653]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA0A64D92B3ED" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1021,1663,1688]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA0A64F33B3ED" author="Basrur" box="[199,348,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA004A0594FCCB3ED" author="Basrur" box="[360,419,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram, photos of all arms): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA2F1A0594D92B3ED" box="[925,1021,1663,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA0834C9DB3C8" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,754,1700,1725]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA0834C51B3C9" author="Basrur" box="[199,574,1700,1725]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">Basrur (1962, photos of all arms)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA3FEA0824C9DB3C8" box="[658,754,1700,1725]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA0EE4D14B395" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,891,1735,1760]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA0EE4CA6B395" author="Ottonen" box="[199,713,1735,1760]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refId="ref109433" refString="Ottonen, P. O. (1964) The salivary gland chromosomes of six species in the IIIS- 1 group of Prosimulium (Diptera) Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 87 pp. + 9 plates." type="book" year="1964">
Ottonen (1964, drawing of IIIS 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA347A0EE4C2CB395" box="[555,579,1736,1760]" name="Italy" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Y</collectingCountry>
1 sequence)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA277A0E14D14B395" box="[795,891,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA0CA4D06B270" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,873,1772,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA0CA4CCCB271" author="Rothfels" box="[199,675,1772,1797]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="937 - 945" refId="ref116751" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] &amp; Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095" type="journal article" year="1966">Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1966, photo of CIII)</bibRefCitation>
: [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA393A0CA4D0CB270" box="[767,867,1772,1797]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA1294AABB205" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA1294A4FB205" author="Rothfels" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIIS, and IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, CII, and CIII regions, IIS, partial IIIL, and hybrid complement with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA4EBA1134F27B205" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA4EBA1134F27B205" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF26F3EA329A1714CBBB205" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[581,724,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA329A1714CBBB205" box="[581,724,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; sex chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA546A1714AEEB205" box="[1066,1153,1879,1904]" name="Canada" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA5E0A17E4AABB205" box="[1164,1220,1880,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA15A4C9AB2E0" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,757,1916,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA15A4C2DB2E0" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,1916,1941]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA3F8A15A4C9AB2E0" box="[660,757,1916,1941]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA1864DEBB2CC" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,900,1952,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA1864CBDB2CC" author="Rothfels" box="[199,722,1952,1977]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="207 - 224" refId="ref116250" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. &amp; Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
Rothfels (1980, 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF26F3EA010A1864FBCB2CD" box="[380,467,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">de novo</emphasis>
interarm intrachange)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA248A1864DEBB2CC" box="[804,900,1952,1977]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF26F3EA1ABA1E24A59B2A8" blockId="16.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1078,1988,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF26F3EA1ABA1E24DECB2A8" author="Rothfels" box="[199,899,1988,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">Rothfels (1981b, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF26F3EA2BAA1E24A59B2A8" box="[982,1078,1988,2013]" name="United States of America" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA6B14F34B5A1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1983, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA3A3A6BF4DFEB5C5" authorityName="Adler &amp; Kim" authorityYear="1985" box="[719,913,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transbrachium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA3A3A6BF4DFEB5C5" box="[719,913,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. transbrachium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of CI region and partial chromosome II): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA04FA69A4F34B5A1" box="[291,347,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA6F94AD9B58D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1206,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA6F94A1BB58D" author="Adler" box="[199,1140,223,248]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">Adler &amp; Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram, photo of IIIS)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA512A6C64AD9B58D" box="[1150,1206,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7224CD0B468" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,703,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7224F95B468" author="Coscaron" box="[199,506,260,285]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref94589" refString="Coscaron, C. L. (1989) Estudios citotaxonomicos y bioecologicos de Simuliidae (Diptera, Insecta) de Argentina. Doctoral thesis, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, La Plata, Argentina, 293 pp." type="book" year="1989">Coscarón (1989, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA33AA7224CD5B468" box="[598,698,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7014D6AB435" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,773,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7014C2FB435" author="Coscaron-Arias" box="[199,576,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="445 - 458" refId="ref94629" refString="Coscaron-Arias, C. L. (1998) The polytene chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and three species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 93, 445 - 458. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761998000400006" type="journal article" year="1998">Coscarón-Arias (1998, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA3F0A7014D6FB435" box="[668,768,295,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA76A4A13B410" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA76A4C63B411" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,332,357]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA570A76A4A13B410" box="[1052,1148,332,357]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7494ADBB4FD" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1204,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7494D1FB4FD" author="Pinto-Sanchez, Miranda-Esquivel &amp; Munoz de Hoyos" box="[199,880,367,392]" firstAuthor="Pinto-Sanchez" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="219 - 240" refId="ref112285" refString="Pinto-Sanchez, N. R., Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. &amp; Munoz de Hoyos, P. (2005) Phylogenetic analysis of Gigantodax (Diptera: Simuliidae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 36, 219 - 240. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631205788838465" type="journal article" year="2005">Pinto-Sánchez, Miranda-Esquivel &amp; Muñoz de Hoyos (2005</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram): [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA527A7494AC0B4FD" box="[1099,1199,367,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7B24BEFB4D8" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1408,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7B24B70B4D9" author="Sharp" box="[199,1311,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1198 - 1202" refId="ref117645" refString="Sharp, A. L. &amp; Hunter, F. F. (2008) Chiasmate meiosis in male black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larvae associated with mermithid infections (Nematoda: Mermithidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 86, 1198 - 1202. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / Z 08 - 105" type="journal article" year="2008">
Sharp &amp; Hunter (2008, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA522A7B34AD6B4D9" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" box="[1102,1209,404,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuscum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA522A7B34AD6B4D9" box="[1102,1209,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. fuscum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
/ 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA5ADA7B34B7CB4D9" authorityName="Syme &amp; Davies" authorityYear="1958" box="[1217,1299,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mixtum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA5ADA7B34B7CB4D9" box="[1217,1299,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">mixtum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA440A7B24BEFB4D8" box="[1324,1408,404,429]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA7914C61B4A5" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,526,439,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA7914C61B4A5" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,526,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="petrosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA7914FC5B4A5" bold="true" box="[151,426,439,464]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium petrosum</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7FA4A03B480" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1132,476,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7FA4A6EB480" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,1025,476,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1085 - 1088" refId="ref115803" refString="Ralcheva, N. M. &amp; Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1973">Ralcheva &amp; Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA560A7FA4A03B480" box="[1036,1132,476,501]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA7D94DE7B76D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,904,511,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA7D94F15B76D" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,378,511,536]" firstAuthor="Ralcheva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref115663" refString="Ralcheva, N. [M.] (1974) Karyological peculiarities of four species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roub., fam. Simuliidae. Genetika i Selektsiya (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Sofiya, 7, 61 - 76. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">Ralcheva (1974</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, photos of all arms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA244A7D94DE7B76D" box="[808,904,511,536]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA4024B38B748" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1367,548,573]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA4024C6BB749" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,548,573]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA595A4024B38B748" box="[1273,1367,548,573]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA4614C4BB715" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,548,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA4614C4BB715" authority="Djafarov" authorityName="Djafarov" box="[151,548,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rachiliense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA4614FD5B715" bold="true" box="[151,442,583,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium rachiliense</emphasis>
Djafarov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA44A4AF1B7F0" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1182,620,645]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA44A4A5EB7F1" author="Chubareva, L. A." box="[199,1073,620,645]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="105 - 111" refId="ref90298" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]" title="Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA222A44B4D83B7F0" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[846,1004,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshe">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA222A44B4D83B7F0" box="[846,1004,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA290A44B4A74B7F1" box="[1020,1051,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA550A44A4AF1B7F0" box="[1084,1182,620,645]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA4A94B08B7DD" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1383,655,680]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA4A94FF6B7DD" author="Chubareva" box="[199,409,655,680]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1492 - 1502" refId="ref90480" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="d">Chubareva (1977d</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA0C9A4A94F82B7DD" author="Chubareva" box="[421,493,655,680]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="37 - 43" refId="ref90572" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1978 b) Karyotypical peculiarities in the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae) and problems in the systematics. Parazitologiya, 12, 37 - 43. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1978" yearSuffix="b">1978b</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA57BA4B74ADAB7DD" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[1047,1205,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshe">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA57BA4B74ADAB7DD" box="[1047,1205,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA5A8A4B74A8CB7DD" box="[1220,1251,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA469A4A94B08B7DD" box="[1285,1383,655,680]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA4924B64B7B8" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1291,692,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA4924AF2B7B9" author="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A." box="[199,1181,692,717]" editor="Skarlato, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="58 - 95" refId="ref92299" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" title="Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA2D7A4934A36B7B8" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[955,1113,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshe">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA2D7A4934A36B7B8" box="[955,1113,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA505A4934AE7B7B9" box="[1129,1160,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA5C5A4924B64B7B8" box="[1193,1291,692,717]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA4F14FCAB660" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA4F14CDFB785" author="Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan" box="[199,688,727,752]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="637 - 640" refId="ref103352" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]" type="journal article" year="1996">Chubareva, Petrova &amp; Kachvoryan (1996</bibRefCitation>
, description, photo of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA580A4FF4BF3B785" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[1260,1436,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA580A4FF4BF3B785" box="[1260,1436,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA06EA4DB4F4EB661" box="[258,289,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA02FA4DA4FCAB660" box="[323,421,764,789]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA5394A8CB64D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1251,799,824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA5394C6BB64D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,799,824]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA2D6A5074A03B64D" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[954,1132,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitschae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA2D6A5074A03B64D" box="[954,1132,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitschae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA5EFA5394A8CB64D" box="[1155,1251,799,824]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA5624F33B6F5" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA5624CDAB629" author="Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva" box="[199,693,836,861]" firstAuthor="Kachvoryan" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="89 - 102" refId="ref103642" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (2003) The results of karyological study of the bloodsucking blackfly fauna (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Armenia. Parazitologiya, 37, 89 - 102. [In Russian with English summary; title of the latter is less complete than the Russian version, reading ' The results of karyological study of black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Armenia'.]" type="journal article" year="2003">Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA5F6A5634B23B628" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[1178,1356,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA5F6A5634B23B628" box="[1178,1356,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA40EA5634BEEB629" box="[1378,1409,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA195A5414F33B6F5" box="[249,348,871,896]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA5AA4B02B6D0" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1389,908,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA5AA4B6EB6D1" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1281,908,933]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2008a, description, photo of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA57EA5AB4AD2B6D0" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1955" box="[1042,1213,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pronevitshae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA57EA5AB4AD2B6D0" box="[1042,1213,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. pronevitshae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA5A2A5AB4A82B6D1" box="[1230,1261,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">sic</emphasis>
])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA461A5AA4B02B6D0" box="[1293,1389,908,933]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA5894D9FB165" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA5894D48B165" author="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]; notes on phylogenetic relationships; photos of IS, partial IL, partial IIIS, and IIIL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA34FA5D14CDDB165" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[547,690,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA34FA5D14CDDB165" box="[547,690,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA25DA5D14DF9B165" box="[817,918,1015,1040]" name="Armenia" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA2CDA5D14D9FB165" box="[929,1008,1015,1040]" name="Turkey" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA23A4CDDB140" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,690,1052,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA23A4CDDB140" authority="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,690,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rhizophorum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA23A4FB8B140" bold="true" box="[151,471,1052,1077]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium rhizophorum</emphasis>
Stone &amp; Jamnback
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA2194D42B109" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA2194C84B108" author="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII region and IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA08BA2424C18B108" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA08BA2424C18B108" box="[487,631,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA399A2424D42B109" box="[757,813,1124,1148]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA2A14CB7B1D5" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,728,1159,1184]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA2A14F1EB1D5" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA010A2A14FABB1D5" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1159,1184]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA3CCA2AE4CB7B1D5" box="[672,728,1160,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA28A4CA2B1B1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,717,1196,1221]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA28A4C63B1B1" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA3F9A28A4CA2B1B1" box="[661,717,1196,1220]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA2E94C19B19D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,630,1231,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA2E94F93B19D" authority="(Meigen)" authorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1830" box="[151,508,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA2E94FE2B19D" bold="true" box="[151,397,1231,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium rufipes</emphasis>
(Meigen)
</taxonomicName>
(complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA2D34B71B05A" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA2D34F0AB078" author="Basrur" box="[199,357,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA016A2D24FDAB078" author="Basrur" box="[378,437,1268,1293]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; partial drawings of IS, IL, and IIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA3A5A3314D36B045" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[713,857,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA3A5A3314D36B045" box="[713,857,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA280A33F4A0BB045" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1957" box="[1004,1124,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA280A33F4A0BB045" box="[1004,1124,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘aff. 2’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA5BDA33E4B71B05A" box="[1233,1310,1304,1327]" name="France" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">France</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA31A4A03B020" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1132,1340,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA31A4A6EB020" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,1025,1340,1365]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1085 - 1088" refId="ref115803" refString="Ralcheva, N. M. &amp; Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1973">Ralcheva &amp; Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA560A31A4A03B020" box="[1036,1132,1340,1365]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA3794A30B00D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1119,1375,1400]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA3794F15B00D" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,378,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Ralcheva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref115663" refString="Ralcheva, N. [M.] (1974) Karyological peculiarities of four species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roub., fam. Simuliidae. Genetika i Selektsiya (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Sofiya, 7, 61 - 76. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">Ralcheva (1974</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; photos of all arms; sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA293A3794A30B00D" box="[1023,1119,1375,1400]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA3A24C9EB0E9" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,753,1412,1437]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA3A24F1EB0E9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA010A3A24FABB0E8" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1412,1437]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA3814DD5B091" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA3814D24B090" author="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref84328" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Belqat, B. (2001) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 32, 411 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00281" type="journal article" year="2001">
Adler &amp; Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of CI region, IIS, and IIIL; probable new species; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA32BA3EA4CB8B090" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[583,727,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA32BA3EA4CB8B090" box="[583,727,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA239A3EB4DD5B091" box="[853,954,1485,1508]" name="Morocco" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA3C94B38B37D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1367,1519,1544]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA3C94C6BB37D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,1519,1544]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA595A3C94B38B37D" box="[1273,1367,1519,1544]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA0324D72B325" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA0324C76B325" author="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, selected inversion mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA079A0114FCAB325" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[277,421,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA079A0114FCAB325" box="[277,421,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA34FA01E4CE3B325" box="[547,652,1592,1616]" name="Germany" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA3FBA0114D72B325" box="[663,797,1591,1616]" name="Switzerland" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA07A4CCAB300" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,677,1628,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA07A4CCAB300" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,677,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rusticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA07A4FCBB300" bold="true" box="[151,420,1628,1653]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium rusticum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA0594B63B3ED" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1292,1663,1688]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA0594C63B3ED" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA2ABA0594A38B3ED" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[967,1111,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA2ABA0594A38B3ED" box="[967,1111,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA5B8A0A64B63B3ED" box="[1236,1292,1664,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA0824C38B3C8" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,599,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA0824C38B3C8" authority="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityName="Stone &amp; Jamnback" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,599,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saltus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA0824F12B3C8" bold="true" box="[151,381,1700,1725]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium saltus</emphasis>
Stone &amp; Jamnback
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA0E14A41B271" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA0E14D83B270" author="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="482 - 507" refId="ref116814" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Freeman, D. M. (1977) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the mixtum (IIIL- 1) group. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 482 - 507. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 77 - 065" type="journal article" year="1977">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1977, characterization; drawings of CIII, IIIS, and base of IIIL; idiogram; inversions mapped; photo of CII; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA384A0CA4D17B270" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[744,888,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA384A0CA4D17B270" box="[744,888,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA29AA0CA4A41B271" box="[1014,1070,1772,1796]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA1294CB7B25D" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,728,1807,1832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA1294F1EB25D" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1807,1832]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA010A1294FABB25D" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1807,1832]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA3CCA1364CB7B25D" box="[672,728,1808,1832]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA1124CC9B238" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,678,1844,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA1124CC9B238" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,678,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="secretum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA1124FCAB238" bold="true" box="[151,421,1844,1869]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium secretum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA1714D42B2E1" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA1714C46B205" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,553,1879,1904]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, original description of species, possible sibling species, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA08BA15A4C18B2E0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA08BA15A4C18B2E0" box="[487,631,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA399A15A4D42B2E1" box="[757,813,1916,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1FBA1864CE1B2CC" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,654,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA1FBA1864CE1B2CC" authority="Peterson &amp; DeFoliart" authorityName="Peterson &amp; DeFoliart" authorityYear="1960" box="[151,654,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shewelli">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA1FBA1864FF7B2CC" bold="true" box="[151,408,1952,1977]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Prosimulium shewelli</emphasis>
Peterson &amp; DeFoliart
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF36F3FA1ABA1E24DDBB2A8" blockId="17.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,948,1988,2013]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA1ABA1E24F1EB2A9" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1988,2013]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF36F3FA010A1E24FABB2A8" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1988,2013]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF36F3FA3D8A1E34D27B2A8" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1970" box="[692,840,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="woodorum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF36F3FA3D8A1E34D27B2A8" box="[692,840,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. woodorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF36F3FA20CA1E24DDBB2A8" box="[864,948,1988,2013]" name="Canada" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA6B14DE0B5A1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA6B14C45B5C5" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,554,151,176]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, geographic variation or possible sibling species, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA08BA69A4C18B5A0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA08BA69A4C18B5A0" box="[487,631,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA399A69A4D23B5A0" box="[757,844,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA23BA69A4DE0B5A1" box="[855,911,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1FBA6F94C2AB58D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[151,581,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA1FBA6F94C2AB58D" authority="(Enderlein)" authorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityName="Enderlein" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[151,581,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomosvaryi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA1FBA6F94FD1B58D" bold="true" box="[151,446,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium tomosvaryi</emphasis>
(Enderlein)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA7234D81B411" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA7234F33B468" author="Basrur" box="[199,348,260,285]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA004A7224FCDB468" author="Basrur" box="[360,418,260,285]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram, drawings of polymorphisms and partial IIIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CII region and partial IIL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA509A7014A9AB435" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[1125,1269,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA509A7014A9AB435" box="[1125,1269,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA4EBA70F4FBDB411" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hirtipes" subSpecies="arvernense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA4EBA70F4FBDB411" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. hirtipes arvernense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA364A76B4CA5B411" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1929" box="[520,714,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigintiquaterni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA364A76B4CA5B411" box="[520,714,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. vigintiquaterni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA38EA76A4DF8B410" box="[738,919,332,357]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA2CEA76B4D81B411" box="[930,1006,333,356]" name="France" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">France</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA7494B7EB4FD" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,1297,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA7494ACBB4FD" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,1188,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1085 - 1088" refId="ref115803" refString="Ralcheva, N. M. &amp; Dryanovska, O. A. (1973) Comparative karyological analysis of four species of the genus Prosimulium Roub. (Simuliidae). Doklady Bolgarskoi Akademii Nauk (Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare des Sciences), 26, 1085 - 1088. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1973">
Ralcheva &amp; Dryanovska (1973, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA54CA7574AF7B4FD" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1925" box="[1056,1176,369,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA54CA7574AF7B4FD" box="[1056,1176,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA5DCA7494B7EB4FD" box="[1200,1297,367,392]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA7B24F35B4A5" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA7B24F13B4D9" author="Ralcheva" box="[199,380,404,429]" firstAuthor="Ralcheva" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="61 - 76" refId="ref115663" refString="Ralcheva, N. [M.] (1974) Karyological peculiarities of four species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roub., fam. Simuliidae. Genetika i Selektsiya (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Sofiya, 7, 61 - 76. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">Ralcheva (1974</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; photos of polymorphisms and all arms; sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA47DA7B34BE4B4D9" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1925" box="[1297,1419,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigripes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA47DA7B34BE4B4D9" box="[1297,1419,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. nigripes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA195A7914F35B4A5" box="[249,346,439,464]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA7FB4B75B76D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA7FB4A24B76D" author="Post" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref112407" refString="Post, R. J. (1979) A cytological study of certain British blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 261 pp." type="book" year="1979">Post (1979, characterization; cytodendrogram; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of male meiosis, mitotic metaphase, and all polytene arms; possible sibling species)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA539A7D94ACCB76D" box="[1109,1187,511,536]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA5DEA7D94B7CB76D" box="[1202,1299,511,536]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA4024D8FB749" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,992,548,573]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA4024F1EB749" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,548,573]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA010A4024FABB748" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,548,573]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA3D8A4034D19B749" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1929" box="[692,886,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigintiquaterni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA3D8A4034D19B749" box="[692,886,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. vigintiquaterni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA4614C8CB7F1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA4614C1BB7F0" author="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="411 - 418" refId="ref84328" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Belqat, B. (2001) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium hirtipes species group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Morocco. Insect Systematics &amp; Evolution, 32, 411 - 418. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631201 X 00281" type="journal article" year="2001">
Adler &amp; Belqat (2001, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IL partial, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA01CA44A4F90B7F0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[368,511,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA01CA44A4F90B7F0" box="[368,511,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA312A44B4C8CB7F1" box="[638,739,621,644]" name="Morocco" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA4A94B38B7DD" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,1367,655,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA4A94C6BB7DD" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,516,655,680]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="149 - 204" refId="ref92914" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2003) Karyotypes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the world fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 82, 157 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 83, 149 - 204 (2003).]" type="journal article" year="2003">Chubareva &amp; Petrova (2003</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA595A4A94B38B7DD" box="[1273,1367,655,680]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA4924FD2B660" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA4924B48B785" author="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; notes on phylogenetic relationships photos of IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIS; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA54DA4F14ADEB785" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[1057,1201,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA54DA4F14ADEB785" box="[1057,1201,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA45FA4F14BF7B785" box="[1331,1432,727,752]" name="Armenia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA195A4DA4F0DB661" box="[249,354,764,788]" name="Germany" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA001A4DA4FD2B660" box="[365,445,764,789]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1FBA5394CE7B64D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[151,648,799,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA1FBA5394CE7B64D" authority="Adler &amp; Kim" authorityName="Adler &amp; Kim" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,648,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="transbrachium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA1FBA5394F83B64D" bold="true" box="[151,492,799,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium transbrachium</emphasis>
Adler &amp; Kim
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA5624B68B629" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,1287,836,861]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Rothfels in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA026A5624FBBB629" author="Adler" box="[330,468,836,861]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref84145" refString="Adler, P. H. (1983) Ecosystematics of the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) and associated black flies. Doctoral thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 308 pp." type="book" year="1983">Adler (1983</bibRefCitation>
, comparison with 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA3CEA5634D63B629" box="[674,780,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P. m i x t um</emphasis>
, whole-arm interchange; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA522A5634A0FB629" box="[1102,1120,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
‘sp. X’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA5A3A5624B68B629" box="[1231,1287,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA5414AC4B6D1" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Rothfels &amp; Freeman (1983, characterization, evolution of species, photos of whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS], resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA335A5AA4C86B6D0" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[601,745,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA335A5AA4C86B6D0" box="[601,745,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as undescribed species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA51FA5AA4AC4B6D1" box="[1139,1195,908,932]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA5894D20B699" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA5894FD2B6BD" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,445,943,968]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="41" refId="ref84624" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1985) Taxonomy of black fly sibling species: two new species in the Prosimulium mixtum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 41 - 49. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 78.1.41" type="journal article" year="1985">Adler &amp; Kim (1985</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, formal name for 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA201A5894A68B6BD" author="Adler's" box="[877,1031,943,968]" firstAuthor="Adler's" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref84145" refString="Adler, P. H. (1983) Ecosystematics of the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) and associated black flies. Doctoral thesis, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA, 308 pp." type="book" year="1983">Adler’s 1983</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA57AA5974A4BB6BD" box="[1046,1060,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P</emphasis>
. sp. ‘X’, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA195A5F24FE6B698" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[249,393,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA195A5F24FE6B698" box="[249,393,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard, whole-arm interchange): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA27BA5F24D20B699" box="[791,847,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA5D14A77B165" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,1048,1015,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA5D14DB9B165" author="Adler" box="[199,982,1015,1040]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">Adler &amp; Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram)</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA28CA5DE4A77B165" box="[992,1048,1016,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA23A4A12B141" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,1149,1052,1077]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA23A4C63B141" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1052,1077]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, idiogram): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA529A23A4A12B141" box="[1093,1149,1052,1076]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1FBA2194FA4B12D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[151,459,1087,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA1FBA2194FA4B12D" authority="Stone" authorityName="Stone" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,459,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travisi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA1FBA2194FEAB12D" bold="true" box="[151,389,1087,1112]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium travisi</emphasis>
Stone
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA2434D42B1D5" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA2434C84B1D5" author="Basrur" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="1019 - 1033" refId="ref86941" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1962) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven species of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Alaska and British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 1019 - 1033. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 089" type="journal article" year="1962">
Basrur (1962, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IIIL, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA08BA2A14C18B1D5" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[487,631,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA08BA2A14C18B1D5" box="[487,631,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA399A2AE4D42B1D5" box="[757,813,1160,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA28A4D27B1B0" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,840,1196,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA28A4F1EB1B1" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA010A28A4FABB1B0" author="Rothfels" box="[380,452,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA384A28A4D27B1B0" box="[744,840,1196,1221]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA2E94D01B19D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,878,1231,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA2E94C63B19D" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1231,1256]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (2004</bibRefCitation>
, possible sibling species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA25AA2F64D01B19D" box="[822,878,1232,1256]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1FBA2D24C54B079" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[151,571,1268,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA1FBA2D24F5DB078" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[151,306,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA1FBA2D24F5DB078" bold="true" box="[151,306,1268,1293]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA055A2D24FF9B078" authorityName="Davies" authorityYear="1957" box="[313,406,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inflatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA055A2D24FF9B078" box="[313,406,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">inflatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘aff. 3’ Basrur
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA33E4D67B020" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA33E4CC4B021" author="Kunze" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref105220" refString="Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1953">
Kunze (1953, low-magnification photos of polytene complement and partial chromosome I, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA08AA31A4C3FB020" baseAuthorityName="Lewisellum" box="[486,592,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA08AA31A4C3FB020" box="[486,592,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 3’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA3DAA31A4D67B020" box="[694,776,1340,1365]" name="Austria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Austria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA3464DF6B0E8" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA3464F37B00D" author="Basrur" box="[199,344,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refId="ref86846" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1958) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with transformed centromere. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 73 pp." type="book" year="1958">Basrur (1958</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA00FA3794FF3B00D" author="Basrur" box="[355,412,1375,1400]" firstAuthor="Basrur" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="527 - 570" refId="ref86887" refString="Basrur, P. K. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven segregates of Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) with a transformed centromere. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 527 - 570. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 059" type="journal article" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of polymorphisms and IIS; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA328A3A24CA0B0E8" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[580,719,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA328A3A24CA0B0E8" box="[580,719,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA225A3A24DF6B0E8" box="[841,921,1412,1437]" name="Austria" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Austria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA3814D15B0CA" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,890,1447,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA3814F03B0B5" author="Rothfels" box="[199,364,1447,1472]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">Rothfels (1979</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA01BA3814FAFB0B5" author="Rothfels" box="[375,448,1447,1472]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="67 - 83" refId="ref116381" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 b) Cytological approaches to the study of blackfly systematics and evolution. In: Stock, M. W. (Ed.), Proceedings: Symposium Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Atlanta, December 1 - 2, 1980. Forest, Wildlife and Range Experiment Station, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, pp. 67 - 83." type="journal article" year="1981" yearSuffix="b">1981b</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA3C2A38F4CAFB0B5" box="[686,704,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">P.</emphasis>
‘n. sp.’): Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA3EA4D59B091" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[199,822,1484,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA3EA4CB4B090" author="Adler" box="[199,731,1484,1509]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, chromosomal phylogeny)</bibRefCitation>
: Europe
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1FBA3C94C08B37D" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" box="[151,615,1519,1544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA1FBA3C94F41B37D" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[151,302,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA1FBA3C94F41B37D" bold="true" box="[151,302,1519,1544]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘new species’ Adler &amp; Şirin
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF06F3CA1ABA0324D8EB325" blockId="18.[151,1436,151,1616]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF06F3CA1ABA0324DE7B325" author="Adler" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="753 - 768" refId="ref85035" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Sirin, U. (2014) Cytotaxonomy of the Prosimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Western Asia. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 171, 753 - 768. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / zoj. 12150" type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Şirin (2014, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, notes on phylogenetic relationships, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF06F3CA3E8A0114D7BB325" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[644,788,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF06F3CA3E8A0114D7BB325" box="[644,788,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prosimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF06F3CA2FEA0114D8EB325" box="[914,993,1591,1616]" name="Turkey" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>