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species-group
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA1FBA56E4CC8B614" authority="Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood" authorityName="Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood" box="[151,679,840,865]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestivum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA1FBA56E4F11B614" bold="true" box="[151,382,840,865]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Simulium aestivum</emphasis>
Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA54A4DB6B6DC" author="Dunbar" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
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, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA5924FF0B6B8" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,415,948,973]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
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</bibRefCitation>
, 
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, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA4EBA5934F22B685" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
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‘Labrador’): 
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</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA5DB4D7BB14C" author="Hunter" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
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, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of 
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, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA08BA2074C37B14D" box="[487,600,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
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: 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA2634B39B1F5" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA2634ADEB1F4" author="Hunter" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA045A2634F0BB128" box="[297,356,1093,1117]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, note on revised inversion breakpoints, photos of 
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and 
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, resolution relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA2E9A24F4D9AB1F5" box="[901,1013,1129,1152]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
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: 
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, 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA2AB4C76B1BC" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA2AB4F0AB1BC" author="Hunter" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
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b, note on revised inversion breakpoints, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA588A2AB4B3BB1D1" box="[1252,1364,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
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: North 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1FBA2F24C0AB198" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[151,613,1236,1261]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA1FBA2F24C0AB198" authority="Doby &amp; David" authorityName="Doby &amp; David" box="[151,613,1236,1261]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armoricanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA1FBA2F24FD7B198" bold="true" box="[151,440,1236,1261]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Simulium armoricanum</emphasis>
Doby &amp; David
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA2DF4D25B040" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA2DF4C07B040" author="Bass" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA0A5A2DE4C6AB065" box="[457,517,1272,1296]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA55BA2DF4AC1B065" box="[1079,1198,1273,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA55BA2DF4AC1B065" box="[1079,1198,1273,1296]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard but inversion breakpoints not given)
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: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA315A33A4CA5B040" box="[633,714,1308,1333]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA3B5A33A4D53B040" box="[729,828,1308,1333]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA3664D25B02D" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[199,842,1344,1369]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA3664CB3B02C" author="Adler" box="[199,732,1344,1369]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474." type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Seitz (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA01DA3664FC2B02D" box="[369,429,1344,1368]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, chromosomal phylogeny)
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: [Europe]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1FBA3424F85B008" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[151,490,1380,1405]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA1FBA3424F85B008" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,490,1380,1405]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA1FBA3424F1CB008" bold="true" box="[151,371,1380,1405]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Simulium australe</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA3AE4F91B0B0" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA3AE4FFEB0B0" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1990 b) A comparative karyological study of two allied species of blackflies in the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 69, 215 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 70, 68 - 75 (1991).]" type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA005A3AE4FCBB0D4" box="[361,420,1416,1441]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1990.0">1990</number>
b, comparison with 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA3F3A3AF4D29B0D4" box="[671,838,1416,1441]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. chubarevae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, description, photos of all arms and metaphase complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
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</paragraph>
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Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
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, notes on general polytene features): 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA3D24ADEB378" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[199,1201,1524,1549]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA333A3D34CF4B378" box="[607,667,1525,1549]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA528A3D24AC3B378" box="[1092,1196,1524,1549]" name="Armenia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA03E4F33B320" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA03E4BF7B344" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1432,1560,1585]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA0AEA03E4F93B345" box="[450,508,1560,1584]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA195A01A4F33B320" box="[249,348,1596,1621]" name="Armenia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1FBA0464C59B30C" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[151,566,1632,1657]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA1FBA0464FFBB30C" bold="true" box="[151,404,1632,1657]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA1FBA0464F63B30C" box="[151,268,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
bavaricum
</emphasis>
Seitz &amp; Adler
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA0A24F0EB390" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA0A24BF6B3B4" author="Seitz" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Seitz, G. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) A new species of the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Aquatic Insects, 31, 1 - 10. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650420802425158" type="journal article" year="2009">
Seitz &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA01AA0A34FDDB3E8" box="[374,434,1669,1693]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2009.0">2009</number>
, characterization; inversions mapped; original description of species; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA453A0A34B33B3E9" box="[1343,1372,1669,1692]" name="Iceland" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">IL</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA36F6FA405A0A34BF8B3E8" box="[1385,1431,1669,1693]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">IIIS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA36F6FA195A08F4F46B3B5" box="[249,297,1705,1728]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">IIIL</collectionCode>
, bases of IIS and IIL, and partial chromocenter; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA50EA08F4ABAB3B5" box="[1122,1237,1705,1728]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA50EA08F4ABAB3B5" box="[1122,1237,1705,1728]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA195A0EB4F0EB390" box="[249,353,1741,1765]" name="Germany" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1FBA0D64C62B27C" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[151,525,1776,1801]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA1FBA0D64C62B27C" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,525,1776,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beltukovae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA1FBA0D64FF9B27C" bold="true" box="[151,406,1776,1801]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Simulium beltukovae</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA1334AA2B225" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA1334F1AB258" author="Hunter" box="[199,373,1813,1837]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA041A1334F07B258" box="[301,360,1813,1837]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA0E6A1324FBCB258" author="Hunter" box="[394,467,1812,1837]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA0E6A1324FABB258" box="[394,452,1812,1837]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA08BA11F4C37B225" box="[487,600,1849,1872]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA08BA11F4C37B225" box="[487,600,1849,1872]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA25FA11E4A22B224" box="[819,1101,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA25FA11E4A22B224" box="[819,1101,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Eusimulium carpathicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA509A11E4AA2B225" box="[1125,1229,1848,1872]" name="Germany" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA17A4A8DB200" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[199,1250,1884,1909]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA17A4C2CB200" author="Adler" box="[199,579,1884,1909]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA078A17A4C2CB200" author="Malmqvist" box="[276,579,1884,1909]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA36BA17B4C2CB200" box="[519,579,1885,1909]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on geographic variation; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA2ABA17B4A1EB200" box="[967,1137,1884,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carpathicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA2ABA17B4A1EB200" box="[967,1137,1884,1909]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">S. carpathicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA5E5A17A4A8DB200" box="[1161,1250,1884,1909]" name="Sweden" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA1A64FA8B2C8" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA1A64F1FB2C8" author="Chubareva" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA08CA1A64C73B2ED" box="[480,540,1920,1944]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA36F6FA427A1A64F0AB2C8" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophila">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA36F6FA427A1A64F0AB2C8" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Cnetha cryophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA36F6FA010A1824FA8B2C8" box="[380,455,1956,1981]" name="Russia" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA36F6FA1ABA1EE4D25B295" blockId="65.[151,1437,840,2017]" box="[199,842,1992,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA36F6FA1ABA1EE4CB3B294" author="Adler" box="[199,732,1992,2017]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474." type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Seitz (
<number id="08502492FFA36F6FA01DA1EE4FC2B295" box="[369,429,1992,2016]" pageId="65" pageNumber="66" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, chromosomal phylogeny)
</bibRefCitation>
: [Europe]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA6B14CBAB5DA" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,725,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA6B14FB9B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,176]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA6B14F63B5C5" box="[151,268,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
berchtesgadense
</emphasis>
Seitz, Adler &amp; Forster
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA69A4B0BB5A1" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1380,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA69A4C64B5A0" author="Seitz" box="[199,523,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Seitz, G., Adler, P. H. &amp; Forster, M. (2015) A new species, Simulium (Nevermannia) berchtesgadense (Diptera: Simuliidae), and its chromosomes, from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Zootaxa, 3937, 248 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.2.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Seitz, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA061A69A4C64B5A0" author="Adler" box="[269,523,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Seitz, G., Adler, P. H. &amp; Forster, M. (2015) A new species, Simulium (Nevermannia) berchtesgadense (Diptera: Simuliidae), and its chromosomes, from the Alps of southeastern Germany. Zootaxa, 3937, 248 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.2.2" type="journal article" year="2015">
Adler &amp; Forster (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0A3A69A4C64B5A0" box="[463,523,188,213]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2015.0">2015</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA2A9A69B4A5AB5A1" box="[965,1077,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA2A9A69B4A5AB5A1" box="[965,1077,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA590A69A4B0BB5A1" box="[1276,1380,188,212]" name="Germany" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA6F94D61B58D" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,782,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA6F94D61B58D" authority="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[151,782,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA6F94F02B58D" bold="true" box="[151,365,223,248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium bicorne</emphasis>
Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA7254DD3B44A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA7254D79B44A" author="Brockhouse" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA00DA7224FF2B469" box="[353,413,260,284]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA44BA7224BF3B46E" box="[1319,1436,260,283]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA44BA7224BF3B46E" box="[1319,1436,260,283]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA0A1A70E4C2EB435" box="[461,577,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA0A1A70E4C2EB435" box="[461,577,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. bicorne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘Alaska # 
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA384A7014D67B44A" box="[744,776,295,319]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="23.0">23</number>
’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA24EA7014D16B435" box="[802,889,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA2E8A7014DD3B44A" box="[900,956,295,319]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA76C4C9BB4F2" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA76C4C21B4F2" author="Brockhouse" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA00DA76C4FF3B416" box="[353,412,330,355]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA44BA76D4BF3B416" box="[1319,1436,331,355]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA44BA76D4BF3B416" box="[1319,1436,331,355]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA0A1A7494C2EB4F2" box="[461,577,366,391]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bicorne">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA0A1A7494C2EB4F2" box="[461,577,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. bicorne</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA336A7484CDEB4F2" box="[602,689,366,391]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA3D0A7494C9BB4F2" box="[700,756,367,391]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA7B44BF3B4DE" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1436,402,427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA7B44C2EB4DE" author="Adler" box="[199,577,402,427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA07FA7B44C2EB4DE" author="Malmqvist" box="[275,577,402,427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA369A7B54C2EB4DE" box="[517,577,403,427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA57CA7B54A10B4DF" box="[1040,1151,403,426]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA57CA7B54A10B4DF" box="[1040,1151,403,426]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA42FA7B44BF3B4DE" box="[1347,1436,402,427]" name="Sweden" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA7934C08B487" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA7934C7FB4BB" author="Adler" box="[199,528,437,462]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA078A7934C7FB4BB" author="Currie" box="[276,528,437,462]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0B8A7904C7FB4BB" box="[468,528,438,462]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA4EBA7904F22B487" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA4EBA7904F22B487" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA37FA7FF4C08B487" box="[531,615,473,498]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA7DB4C02B763" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,621,509,534]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA7DB4C02B763" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,621,509,534]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="burgeri">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA7DB4F02B763" bold="true" box="[151,365,509,534]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium burgeri</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA4074C08B728" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA4074C65B74C" author="Adler" box="[199,522,545,570]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA07FA4074C65B74C" author="Currie" box="[275,522,545,570]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0BCA4074C65B74C" box="[464,522,545,569]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, original description of species, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA4EBA4044F22B728" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA4EBA4044F22B728" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA37FA4624C08B728" box="[531,615,580,605]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA44E4CDBB7F4" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,692,616,641]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA44E4CDBB7F4" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,692,616,641]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carbunculum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA44E4FDCB7F4" bold="true" box="[151,435,616,641]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium carbunculum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA4AA4D3DB798" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA4AA4C9AB799" author="Dunbar" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA042A4AA4F07B7D0" box="[302,360,652,677]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths, whole-arm interchange [actually a misinterpretation]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA081A4F34C16B799" box="[493,633,725,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA081A4F34C16B799" box="[493,633,725,748]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Cypress’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA26CA4F24D3DB798" box="[768,850,724,749]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA4DE4CD9B641" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA4DE4C36B641" author="Hunter" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0CBA4D14F8EB665" box="[423,481,759,784]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA514A4DE4A88B665" box="[1144,1255,760,784]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA514A4DE4A88B665" box="[1144,1255,760,784]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA07AA53A4C67B641" authority="Cypress" authorityName="Cypress" box="[278,520,796,820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA07AA53A4FCEB646" box="[278,417,796,819]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. pugetense</emphasis>
‘Cypress
</taxonomicName>
Hills’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA308A53D4CD9B641" box="[612,694,795,820]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA5664D4CB609" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA5664CA8B609" author="Hunter" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA048A5194F32B622" box="[292,349,831,855]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA5B2A5664B3EB622" box="[1246,1361,832,855]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA5B2A5664B3EB622" box="[1246,1361,832,855]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA0E8A5424C19B60E" authority="Cypress" authorityName="Cypress" box="[388,630,867,891]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA0E8A5424C61B60E" box="[388,526,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">E. pugetense</emphasis>
‘Cypress
</taxonomicName>
Hills’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA3BDA5454D4CB609" box="[721,803,867,892]" name="Canada" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA5A04DABB6B6" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA5A04C6AB6EA" author="Adler" box="[199,517,902,927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0A7A5A14C6AB6EA" box="[459,517,903,927]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Dunbar’s 
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA195A58C4F5FB6B6" box="[249,304,938,963]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1962.0">1962</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA05AA58D4FD1B6B7" box="[310,446,939,962]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA05AA58D4FD1B6B7" box="[310,446,939,962]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Cypress’, inversions mapped): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA20AA58C4DABB6B6" box="[870,964,938,963]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA5E84C1EB692" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,625,974,999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA5E84C1EB692" authority="Grenier &amp; Dorier" authorityName="Grenier &amp; Dorier" box="[151,625,974,999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carthusiense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA5E84FC7B692" bold="true" box="[151,424,974,999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium carthusiense</emphasis>
Grenier &amp; Dorier
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA5D74C83B127" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA5D74C2DB127" author="Adler" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474." type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Seitz (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA011A5D44FD8B17F" box="[381,439,1010,1034]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; description of different B chromosomes; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes [
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA263A2304D70B15B" box="[783,799,1046,1070]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2.0">2</number>
<typeStatus id="61238817FFA06F6CA24AA2304D09B15B" box="[806,870,1046,1070]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">types</typeStatus>
], IS and 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA2A4A2304D8CB158" box="[968,995,1046,1069]" name="Iceland" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IL</collectingCountry>
ends, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA06F6CA540A2304A35B15B" box="[1068,1114,1046,1070]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA06F6CA5F9A2304AAAB158" box="[1173,1221,1046,1069]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA079A21C4FE9B124" box="[277,390,1082,1105]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA079A21C4FE9B124" box="[277,390,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA320A21F4CCEB127" box="[588,673,1081,1106]" name="Austria" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Austria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA3C0A21F4C83B127" box="[684,748,1081,1106]" name="Spain" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Spain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA27A4D5FB100" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,816,1116,1141]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA27A4FA3B100" bold="true" box="[151,460,1116,1141]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA27A4F63B100" box="[151,268,1116,1141]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
chomthongense
</emphasis>
Takaoka, Srisuka &amp; Choochote
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA2A64A53B1C8" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA2A64D47B1EC" author="Kuvangkadilok" box="[199,808,1152,1177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Boonkemtong, C. &amp; Phayuhasena, S. (1998) C-banding in polytene chromosomes of six Simulium species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. Journal of the Science Society of Thailand, 24, 215 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2306 / scienceasia 1513 - 1874.1998.24.215" type="journal article" year="1998">
Kuvangkadilok, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA0EFA2A64D47B1EC" author="Boonkemtong" box="[387,808,1152,1177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Boonkemtong, C. &amp; Phayuhasena, S. (1998) C-banding in polytene chromosomes of six Simulium species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. Journal of the Science Society of Thailand, 24, 215 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2306 / scienceasia 1513 - 1874.1998.24.215" type="journal article" year="1998">
Boonkemtong &amp; Phayuhasena (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA381A2A74D47B1EC" box="[749,808,1153,1177]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, low-resolution photos of C-banded and orcein-stained polytene chromosomes [II and III reversed]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA261A2834DD0B1C8" box="[781,959,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudisclerum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA261A2834DD0B1C8" box="[781,959,1188,1213]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. caudisclerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA2B4A2824A53B1C8" box="[984,1084,1188,1213]" name="Thailand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA2EE4C67B05D" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA2EE4D5BB195" author="Kuvangkadilok" box="[199,820,1224,1249]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Phayuhasena, S. &amp; Boonkemtong, C. (1999) Larval polytene chromosomes of five species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Cytologia, 64, 197 - 207. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1508 / cytologia. 64.197" type="journal article" year="1999">
Kuvangkadilok, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA0EAA2EE4D5BB195" author="Phayuhasena" box="[390,820,1224,1249]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Phayuhasena, S. &amp; Boonkemtong, C. (1999) Larval polytene chromosomes of five species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Cytologia, 64, 197 - 207. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1508 / cytologia. 64.197" type="journal article" year="1999">
Phayuhasena &amp; Boonkemtong (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA394A2EE4D5BB195" box="[760,820,1224,1248]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of polytene chromosomes [lowmagnification, II and III reversed] and IIS [as 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA06F6CA253A2CA4D00B071" box="[831,879,1260,1284]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IIIS</collectionCode>
], polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA4E4A2CB4FE3B05D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudisclerum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA4E4A2CB4FE3B05D" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. caudisclerum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA0C8A3294C67B05D" box="[420,520,1295,1320]" name="Thailand" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA3154CA2B039" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,717,1331,1356]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA3154CA2B039" authority="Kachvoryan &amp; Terteryan" authorityName="Kachvoryan &amp; Terteryan" box="[151,717,1331,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chubarevae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA3154FF2B039" bold="true" box="[151,413,1331,1356]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium chubarevae</emphasis>
(Kachvoryan &amp; Terteryan)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA3714D55B005" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,826,1367,1392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA3714CA1B005" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,718,1367,1392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1986) B-chromosomes of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Terteryan, A. E. &amp; Matinyan, T. K. (Eds.), Pervaya Zakavkazskaya Konferentsiya po Entomologii, Tezisy Dokladov [1 st Transcaucasian Conference of Entomology, Theses of Lectures.] Instituta Zoologii Akademii Nauk Armyanskoi SSR, Yerevan, Armenia, pp. 100 - 101. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1986">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA033A3714FF4B005" box="[351,411,1367,1392]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, notes on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA3B4A3714D55B005" box="[728,826,1367,1392]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA35D4D28B0E1" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,839,1403,1428]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA35D4CB4B0E1" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,731,1403,1428]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1988 c) Genetic divergence of natural populations of some species of bloodsucking blackflies of Armenia. In: Severtsov, A. S. (Ed.), Problemy Mikroevolutsii [Problems of Microevolution.] Izdatel'tsvo &quot; Nauka &quot;, Moscow, Russia, p. 58. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1988" yearSuffix="c">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA033A35D4FF5B0E6" box="[351,410,1403,1427]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1988.0">1988</number>
c, notes on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA389A35D4D28B0E1" box="[741,839,1403,1428]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA3B84D3BB0AE" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA3B84C87B0AE" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1990 b) A comparative karyological study of two allied species of blackflies in the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 69, 215 - 222. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Entomological Review, 70, 68 - 75 (1991).]" type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="b">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA00BA3B84FCDB0C2" box="[359,418,1438,1463]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1990.0">1990</number>
b, B chromosomes, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA206A3B94D86B0C2" box="[874,1001,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australe">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA206A3B94D86B0C2" box="[874,1001,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. australe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, description, photos of all arms, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA39DA3E44D3BB0AE" box="[753,852,1474,1499]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA3C04B39B08A" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1366,1510,1535]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA3C04CFFB08A" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,656,1510,1535]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Usova, Z. V. &amp; Oganesyan, V. S. (1993) The genetic relations of two close species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 85 - 88. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Kachvoryan, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA032A3C14CFFB08A" author="Usova" box="[350,656,1511,1535]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Usova, Z. V. &amp; Oganesyan, V. S. (1993) The genetic relations of two close species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 85 - 88. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Usova &amp; Oganesyan (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA339A3C14CFFB08A" box="[597,656,1511,1535]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA232A3C14D8FB08A" box="[862,992,1510,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="djafarovi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA232A3C14D8FB08A" box="[862,992,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. djafarovi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA532A3C14A17B08B" box="[1118,1144,1511,1534]" name="Iceland" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IL</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA06F6CA5C2A3C14A8EB08A" box="[1198,1249,1511,1535]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IIIL</collectionCode>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA598A3C04B39B08A" box="[1268,1366,1510,1535]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA02F4DBFB357" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,976,1545,1570]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA02F4D0BB357" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,868,1545,1570]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. &amp; Galustyan, S. B. (1998) Nucleolar polymorphism as a mechanism of evolution of the karytotype of blackflies. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Respublikanskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii, Tezisy Dokladov [Republican Scientific Conference on Zoology, Theses of Lectures.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Armenii, Yerevan, Armenia, p. 65. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1998">
Kachvoryan &amp; Galustyan (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA098A02C4C40B357" box="[500,559,1546,1570]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1998.0">1998</number>
, notes on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA202A02F4DBFB357" box="[878,976,1545,1570]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA00B4A66B333" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1033,1581,1606]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0A4A0084C6BB333" box="[456,516,1582,1606]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA2CBA00B4A66B333" box="[935,1033,1581,1606]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA0774AF0B31F" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1183,1617,1642]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA333A0744CF4B31F" box="[607,667,1618,1642]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA551A0774AF0B31F" box="[1085,1183,1617,1642]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA0524F33B3C4" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA0524BF7B3F8" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1432,1652,1677]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0AEA0534F93B3F8" box="[450,508,1653,1677]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA195A0BE4F33B3C4" box="[249,348,1688,1713]" name="Armenia" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA09A4C17B3A0" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,632,1724,1749]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA09A4C17B3A0" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,632,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA09A4F17B3A0" bold="true" box="[151,376,1724,1749]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium conicum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA0C64B56B269" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA0C64C77B38D" author="Adler" box="[199,536,1760,1785]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA07AA0C64C77B38D" author="Currie" box="[278,536,1760,1785]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0B2A0C64C77B38D" box="[478,536,1760,1784]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, inversions mapped, original description of species, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA244A1234D2AB269" box="[808,837,1797,1820]" name="Iceland" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA2A6A1234A55B269" box="[970,1082,1797,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA2A6A1234A55B269" box="[970,1082,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA46DA1224B56B269" box="[1281,1337,1796,1820]" name="United States of America" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1FBA1014C6BB235" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,516,1831,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA1FBA1014C6BB235" authority="Friederichs" authorityName="Friederichs" box="[151,516,1831,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA1FBA1014FEFB235" bold="true" box="[151,384,1831,1856]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Simulium costatum</emphasis>
Friederichs
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA16A4FC8B2FD" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA16A4BF6B211" author="Knoz" box="[199,1433,1867,1892]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Knoz, J. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1974) Chromosomal characteristics of eight species of Czechoslovakian blackflies. Scripta Facultatis Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Purkynianae Brunensis (Biologia), (3) 4, 101 - 113. [In Russian with Czech summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Knoz &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0DDA16A4F82B211" box="[433,493,1868,1892]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA195A1494FC8B2FD" box="[249,423,1903,1928]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA1B54AF1B2D9" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1182,1939,1964]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA1B54C6AB2DE" author="Chubareva" box="[199,517,1939,1964]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0A5A1B54C6AB2DE" box="[457,517,1939,1963]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1979.2003">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA280A1B54AF1B2D9" box="[1004,1182,1939,1964]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA06F6CA1ABA1914D7FB286" blockId="66.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA1ABA1914F00B2BA" author="Hunter" box="[199,367,1975,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA045A1914F0CB2BA" box="[297,355,1975,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA06F6CA0EDA1904FA7B2BA" author="Hunter" box="[385,456,1974,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFA06F6CA0EDA1904FD6B2BA" box="[385,441,1974,1999]" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA06F6CA5B5A1914B21B2BB" box="[1241,1358,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA06F6CA5B5A1914B21B2BB" box="[1241,1358,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA000A1FC4FD7B286" box="[364,440,2010,2035]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA0A9A1FC4C4AB286" box="[453,549,2010,2035]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA354A1FC4CCEB286" box="[568,673,2010,2035]" name="Denmark" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA06F6CA3C7A1FD4D7FB286" box="[683,784,2011,2035]" name="Germany" pageId="66" pageNumber="67">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA6B14A60B5A0" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday &amp; Straus (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA3F6A6BE4CB9B5C5" box="[666,726,152,176]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram, description and evolution of different B chromosomes, photo of B chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA3B9A69A4D4CB5A0" box="[725,803,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA25EA69A4DFAB5A0" box="[818,917,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA2CBA69A4A60B5A0" box="[935,1039,188,213]" name="Denmark" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Denmark</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA6F94D4AB435" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Brockhouse, Bass &amp; Straus (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA342A6C64C05B58D" box="[558,618,224,248]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, B chromosomes, description and possible origin of chromocenter polymorphism, photos of B chromosomes and low-resolution polytene complements showing chromocenter polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA30CA7014CC1B435" box="[608,686,295,320]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA3D1A7014D71B435" box="[701,798,295,320]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA76B4F1EB4FD" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA76B4B5DB410" author="Bass" box="[199,1330,332,357]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0A1A76A4C66B411" box="[461,521,332,356]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA281A76B4A09B411" box="[1005,1126,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA281A76B4A09B411" box="[1005,1126,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA427A76A4BF3B410" box="[1355,1436,332,357]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA06DA7494F0BB4FD" box="[257,356,367,392]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA7B24B15B4A5" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA7B24A5AB4A5" author="Brockhouse" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA00FA7B24FF1B4D9" box="[355,414,404,428]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, chromocenter polymorphism, description and evolution of different B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and low-magnification polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA553A7914AE2B4A5" box="[1087,1165,439,464]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA5F0A7914A90B4A5" box="[1180,1279,439,464]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA47EA7914B15B4A5" box="[1298,1402,439,464]" name="Denmark" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Denmark</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA7FA4A50B76D" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA7FA4DEDB76D" author="Chubareva" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2000) Morphokaryological analysis of five species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha (Diptera: Simuliidae) with description of a new species from the Dzhrvezhsky Canyon of Armenia. Parazitologiya, 34, 470 - 476. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2000">
Chubareva &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA090A7FA4C57B481" box="[508,568,476,500]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA26BA7FB4D0EB480" box="[775,865,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akopi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA26BA7FB4D0EB480" box="[775,865,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. akopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, description, note on B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA2E0A7D94A50B76D" box="[908,1087,511,536]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA4024D67B715" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA4024C22B715" author="Chubareva" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0A8A4024F91B749" box="[452,510,548,572]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA33AA4614D67B715" box="[598,776,583,608]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1FBA44A4C66B7F0" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,521,620,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA1FBA44A4C66B7F0" authority="Adler &amp; Currie" authorityName="Adler &amp; Currie" box="[151,521,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craigi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA1FBA44A4F37B7F0" bold="true" box="[151,344,620,645]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium craigi</emphasis>
Adler &amp; Currie
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA4A94B53B7B8" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA4A94AB3B7B9" author="Dunbar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA05DA4A94F02B7DD" box="[305,365,655,680]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA294A4924ABFB7B8" box="[1016,1232,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA294A4924ABFB7B8" box="[1016,1232,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Eusimulium latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA584A4924B53B7B8" box="[1256,1340,692,717]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA4F14B5EB661" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA4F14FF2B785" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,413,727,752]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA00DA4FE4FF2B785" box="[353,413,728,752]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1984.1985">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA0C1A4F14F88B785" author="Brockhouse" box="[429,487,727,752]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photos of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA580A4FE4B73B79A" box="[1260,1308,728,751]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIL</collectionCode>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA01CA4DB4F8FB661" box="[368,480,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA01CA4DB4F8FB661" box="[368,480,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as ‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA5FBA4DA4A81B660" box="[1175,1262,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA595A4DA4B5EB661" box="[1273,1329,764,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA5394BFDB628" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Brockhouse in Adler &amp; Currie (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA346A5394C09B64D" box="[554,614,799,824]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization; formal name by Adler &amp; Currie for Brockhouse’s 
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA408A5394BF3B64D" box="[1380,1436,799,824]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1985.0">1985</number>
‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’; partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA564A5634A17B629" box="[1032,1144,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA564A5634A17B629" box="[1032,1144,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA452A5624BFDB628" box="[1342,1426,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA54E4B0AB6D1" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA54E4AD0B6D1" author="Hunter" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA045A54E4F0BB6F5" box="[297,356,872,896]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of partial 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA56DA54E4A5EB60A" box="[1025,1073,872,895]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIL</collectionCode>
; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA005A5AB4FE9B6D1" box="[361,390,909,932]" name="Iceland" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IL</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA0FDA5AA4FD0B6D1" box="[401,447,908,932]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA096A5AB4C45B6D1" box="[506,554,909,932]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA249A5AB4DFAB6D1" box="[805,917,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA249A5AB4DFAB6D1" box="[805,917,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA51CA5AB4AEAB6D1" box="[1136,1157,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S.</emphasis>
‘X’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA5A7A5AA4B4DB6D0" box="[1227,1314,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA441A5AA4B0AB6D1" box="[1325,1381,908,932]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA5894F35B698" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday &amp; Straus (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA3E5A5964CAAB6BD" box="[649,709,944,968]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, notes on B chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA559A5964AF6B6BD" box="[1077,1177,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craigi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA559A5964AF6B6BD" box="[1077,1177,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. craigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and ‘ 
<typeStatus id="61238817FFA16F6DA5B2A5964B74B6BD" box="[1246,1307,944,968]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA44AA5964B56B6BD" box="[1318,1337,944,968]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="4.0">4</number>
’): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA195A5F24F35B698" box="[249,346,980,1005]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA5D14C38B140" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA5D14FCBB140" author="Brockhouse" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA031A5DE4FF7B165" box="[349,408,1016,1040]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, note on difference from 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA3D6A5DE4D44B165" box="[698,811,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA3D6A5DE4D44B165" box="[698,811,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA560A5DE4A03B165" box="[1036,1132,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="craigi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA560A5DE4A03B165" box="[1036,1132,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. craigi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ‘Cypress Hills’, ‘Gothic’, and ‘Nipigon’)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA09BA23A4C38B140" box="[503,599,1052,1077]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA2664C65B1D5" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA046A2664F09B12D" box="[298,358,1088,1112]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2002.0">2002</number>
, characterization; drawings of partial 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA25EA2664D0DB122" box="[818,866,1088,1111]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIL</collectionCode>
; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘ACF/BCF’, ‘AF’, and ‘CC’]; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA3BCA2434C82B109" box="[720,749,1125,1148]" name="Iceland" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IL</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA395A2434D46B109" box="[761,809,1125,1148]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and partial 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA16F6DA2D9A2424D8BB109" box="[949,996,1124,1148]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">IIIS</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA58EA2434B3CB109" box="[1250,1363,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA58EA2434B3CB109" box="[1250,1363,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA01CA2A14FA8B1D5" box="[368,455,1159,1184]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA0BEA2AE4C65B1D5" box="[466,522,1160,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA28A4FABB19D" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA28A4C77B1B1" author="Adler" box="[199,536,1196,1221]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA07AA28A4C77B1B1" author="Currie" box="[278,536,1196,1221]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0B0A28A4C77B1B1" box="[476,536,1196,1220]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA5B1A28B4B3FB1B1" box="[1245,1360,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA5B1A28B4B3FB1B1" box="[1245,1360,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA01CA2E94FABB19D" box="[368,452,1231,1256]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1FBA2D24F86B079" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,489,1268,1293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA1FBA2D24F86B079" authority="Knoz" authorityName="Knoz" box="[151,489,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA1FBA2D24FFBB078" bold="true" box="[151,404,1268,1293]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium crenobium</emphasis>
(Knoz)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA33E4B34B045" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1371,1303,1328]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA33E4AB8B045" author="Bass" box="[199,1239,1303,1328]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0D8A33E4F9FB045" box="[436,496,1304,1328]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA2C7A33E4A74B045" box="[939,1051,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA2C7A33E4A74B045" box="[939,1051,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA584A33E4B39B045" box="[1256,1366,1304,1328]" name="Germany" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Germany</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA31A4A47B021" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1064,1340,1365]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA31A4DCEB021" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,929,1340,1365]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA030A31A4FF8B021" box="[348,407,1340,1364]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, notes on comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA3A6A31B4DFAB020" box="[714,917,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juxtacrenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA3A6A31B4DFAB020" box="[714,917,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. juxtacrenobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA2DFA31A4A4EB021" box="[947,1057,1340,1364]" name="Germany" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Germany</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA3794D89B0E9" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA3794C94B00D" author="Ilmonen" box="[199,763,1375,1400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ilmonen, Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA0E1A3794C94B00D" author="Malmqvist" box="[397,763,1375,1400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Malmqvist &amp; Cywinska (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA3D3A3464C94B00D" box="[703,763,1376,1400]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, B chromosomes, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA08BA3A34C37B0E9" box="[487,600,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA08BA3A34C37B0E9" box="[487,600,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA272A3A24D1CB0E8" box="[798,883,1412,1437]" name="Austria" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Austria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA212A3A24D89B0E9" box="[894,998,1412,1436]" name="Germany" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1FBA3814C0CB0B5" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,611,1447,1472]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA1FBA3814C0CB0B5" authority="Nicholson &amp; Mickel" authorityName="Nicholson &amp; Mickel" box="[151,611,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croxtoni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA1FBA3814F19B0B5" bold="true" box="[151,374,1447,1472]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium croxtoni</emphasis>
Nicholson &amp; Mickel
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA3EA4BFFB090" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1424,1484,1509]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA3EA4B5EB090" author="Zimring" box="[199,1329,1484,1509]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA05EA3EA4F02B090" box="[306,365,1484,1509]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1953.0">1953</number>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA450A3EA4BFFB090" box="[1340,1424,1484,1509]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA3C94A57B358" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA3C94DB6B358" author="Dunbar" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA05DA3C94F02B37D" box="[305,365,1519,1544]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA28FA0324A57B358" box="[995,1080,1556,1581]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA01E4CCFB300" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA01E4C2DB300" author="Hunter" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0DCA0114F83B325" box="[432,492,1591,1616]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA079A07B4FE9B301" box="[277,390,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA079A07B4FE9B301" box="[277,390,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA320A07A4CCFB300" box="[588,672,1628,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA0A64C08B3C8" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA0A64C66B3C8" author="Hunter" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA047A0A64F09B3ED" box="[299,358,1664,1688]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA4EBA0A64F22B3C9" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA4EBA0A64F22B3C9" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA37FA0824C08B3C8" box="[531,615,1700,1725]" name="Canada" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA0EE4B78B395" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1303,1735,1760]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA0EE4A0AB395" author="Hunter" box="[199,1125,1735,1760]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA048A0E14F30B395" box="[292,351,1735,1760]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA255A0EE4DC6B395" box="[825,937,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA255A0EE4DC6B395" box="[825,937,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA5DBA0E14B78B395" box="[1207,1303,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1FBA0CA4CE1B270" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,654,1772,1797]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA1FBA0CA4C7BB270" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,532,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA1FBA0CA4FF2B270" bold="true" box="[151,413,1772,1797]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium cryophilum</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
(complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA1364C74B238" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA1364FD3B239" author="Kunze" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Kunze, E. (1952) Untersuchungen uber die Paarungsaffinitat bei Riesenchromosomen. Chromosoma, 5, 501 - 510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 01271499" type="journal article" year="1952">
Kunze (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA04AA1294F0DB25D" box="[294,354,1807,1832]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1952.0">1952</number>
, description of pairing, drawings of polytene sections, photo of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA195A1124F0CB238" box="[249,355,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA195A1124F0CB238" box="[249,355,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0F6A1124FC7B239" box="[410,424,1844,1868]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1.0">1</number>
’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA0A5A1124C74B238" box="[457,539,1844,1869]" name="Austria" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Austria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6DA1ABA17E4CF5B2E0" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA17E4C54B2E1" author="Kunze" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1953">
Kunze (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA049A1714F0FB205" box="[293,352,1879,1904]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1953.0">1953</number>
, low-magnification photos of polytene complements, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA195A15A4F0CB2E0" box="[249,355,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA195A15A4F0CB2E0" box="[249,355,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA0F6A15A4FC6B2E1" box="[410,425,1916,1940]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1.0">1</number>
’ and ‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA374A15A4C44B2E1" box="[536,555,1916,1940]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2.0">2</number>
’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA32BA15A4CF5B2E0" box="[583,666,1916,1941]" name="Austria" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Austria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA16F6AA1ABA1864AAAB5A0" blockId="67.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA16F6DA1ABA1864A9DB2A9" author="Petrukhina" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" refString="Petrukhina, T. E. (1966) Chromosomal polymorphism in a population of the blackfly species Eusimulium latipes latipes (Diptera). Genetika, 12, 78 - 84. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1966">
Petrukhina (
<number id="08502492FFA16F6DA03CA1864FE3B2CC" box="[336,396,1952,1977]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="1966.0">1966</number>
, description; photos of metaphase and polytene [low magnification] complements, all arms, and polymorphisms; polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA16F6DA2D1A1E24A88B2A8" box="[957,1255,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="latipes" subSpecies="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA16F6DA2D1A1E24A88B2A8" box="[957,1255,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Eusimulium latipes latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA16F6DA592A1E24B26B2A8" box="[1278,1353,1988,2013]" name="Russia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Russia</collectingCountry>
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA6B14A34B5A1" author="Chubareva" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrukhina, T. E. (1970) The relationships of the blackfly Boophthora erythrocephala De Geer with some other genera of Simuliidae (Diptera). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 49, 541 - 544. [In Russian with English summary: English subtitle includes the words ' the family'; full English translation in Entomological Review, 49, 330 - 333 (1970).]" type="journal article" year="1970">
Chubareva &amp; Petrukhina (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA09FA6BE4C40B5C5" box="[499,559,152,176]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1970.0">1970</number>
, note on comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA20DA6BE4A52B5C5" box="[865,1085,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erythrocephalum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA20DA6BE4A52B5C5" box="[865,1085,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. erythrocephalum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of nucleolar organizer region in chromosome I [not III] and 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA3F0A69B4CD8B5A1" box="[668,695,189,212]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
and IIL ends; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA214A69A4A3FB5A0" box="[888,1104,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA214A69A4A3FB5A0" box="[888,1104,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Eusimulium latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA502A69A4AD1B5A0" box="[1134,1214,188,213]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA6F94AA5B468" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA6F94CF6B58D" author="Chubareva" box="[199,665,223,248]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Petrukhina, T. E. (1971) Structural peculiarities of the polytene chromosomes in the taxonomy of bloodsucking black flies. Tsitologiya, 13, 784 - 789. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter omits the word for ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1971">
Chubareva, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA03EA6C64CF6B58D" author="Petrova" box="[338,665,223,248]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Petrukhina, T. E. (1971) Structural peculiarities of the polytene chromosomes in the taxonomy of bloodsucking black flies. Tsitologiya, 13, 784 - 789. [In Russian with English summary: title of the latter omits the word for ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1971">
Petrova &amp; Petrukhina (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA332A6C64CF6B58D" box="[606,665,224,248]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1971.0">1971</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on general polytene features, photos of CI region and lowmagnification polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA3D6A7224DA9B468" box="[698,966,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA3D6A7224DA9B468" box="[698,966,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Eusimulium cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA291A7234A08B468" box="[1021,1127,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA291A7234A08B468" box="[1021,1127,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">E. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA513A7224AA5B468" box="[1151,1226,260,285]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA7014CA7B410" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Kachvoryan &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA091A70E4C56B435" box="[509,569,296,320]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, comparison with selected species in 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA28CA70E4A3FB435" box="[992,1104,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA28CA70E4A3FB435" box="[992,1104,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, description, photos of all chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA088A76B4C20B410" box="[484,591,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA088A76B4C20B410" box="[484,591,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">E. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA30AA76A4CA7B410" box="[614,712,332,357]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA7494AC4B4FD" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1195,367,392]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA7494A2EB4FD" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1089,367,392]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 c) Karyotypical characters of blackflies of the genus Chelocnetha End. bloodsucking on birds. Tsitologiya, 19, 1042 - 1047. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="c">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA023A7564FE5B4FD" box="[335,394,368,392]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1977.0">1977</number>
c, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA2FFA7494A59B4FD" box="[915,1078,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA2FFA7494A59B4FD" box="[915,1078,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnetha latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA538A7494ACBB4FD" box="[1108,1188,367,392]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA7B24A3BB4D8" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1108,404,429]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA7B24D92B4D9" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1021,404,429]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Ekologicheskie i Morfologicheskie Osnovy Sistematiki Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh [Ecological and Morphological Principles of Diptera Systematics (Insecta).] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 111 - 113. [In Russian; full English translation In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.) (1985) Systematics of Diptera (Insecta): Ecological and Morphological Principles. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp. 176 - 179. There are trivial differences in the title wording from the English title given in the original.]" type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA023A7B24FE5B4D9" box="[335,394,404,428]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1979.0">1979</number>
a, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA222A7B24D9EB4D8" box="[846,1009,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA222A7B24D9EB4D8" box="[846,1009,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnetha latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA565A7B24A3BB4D8" box="[1033,1108,404,429]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA7914C12B480" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA7914C49B481" author="Chubareva" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0B8A79E4C7FB4A5" box="[468,528,440,464]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA427A7914F16B480" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA427A7914F16B480" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnetha cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA0C3A7FB4C75B480" box="[431,538,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA0C3A7FB4C75B480" box="[431,538,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA35EA7FA4C12B480" box="[562,637,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA7D94B5DB76D" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1330,511,536]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA7D94ADEB76D" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,1201,511,536]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1979) Comparative karyological analysis of the representative genera Montisimulium Rubz., Cnetha End. and Chelocnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals.] 118 pp. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 56 - 57. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA033A4264FF4B76D" box="[351,411,512,536]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, comparison with selected species, photo of IS end; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA56FA7D94AC9B76D" box="[1027,1190,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA56FA7D94AC9B76D" box="[1027,1190,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnetha latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA5A8A7D94B43B76D" box="[1220,1324,511,536]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA4024AA8B748" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1223,548,573]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA4024A1FB749" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1136,548,573]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA023A4024FE5B749" box="[335,394,548,572]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1980.0">1980</number>
a, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA2AEA4024A0BB748" box="[962,1124,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA2AEA4024A0BB748" box="[962,1124,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Cnetha latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA510A4024AA8B748" box="[1148,1223,548,573]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA4614DBEB715" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,977,583,608]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA4614D16B715" author="Burkiewicz" box="[199,889,583,608]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Burkiewicz, A. (1985) Eine Inversion als eine Markierung des Geschlechtschromosoms Y in zwei Populationen von Eusimulium cryophilum Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae) aus dem Nordgebiet von Polen. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Biological Sciences), 33, 89 - 92" type="journal article" year="1985">
Burkiewicz (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA03BA4614FFDB715" box="[343,402,583,608]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, photos of sex chromosomes [
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA38AA46E4D7CB72A" box="[742,787,584,607]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
partial])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA2EFA4614DBEB715" box="[899,977,583,608]" name="Poland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Poland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA44B4B65B7B9" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA44B4F06B7F1" author="Hunter" box="[199,361,620,644]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA04EA44A4F33B7F1" box="[290,348,620,644]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA018A44A4FD4B7F0" author="Hunter" box="[372,443,620,645]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA018A44A4FC3B7F0" box="[372,428,620,645]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoforms [‘A’ and ‘B’] and homosequential sibling species recognized [‘B 
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA20BA4B64D1CB7DD" box="[871,883,656,680]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1.0">1</number>
’ (= 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA2CFA4B64A4CB7DD" box="[931,1059,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA2CFA4B64A4CB7DD" box="[931,1059,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. urbanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and ‘B 
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA5EEA4B64AFBB7DD" box="[1154,1172,656,680]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2.0">2</number>
’]; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA44DA4B64B54B7D2" box="[1313,1339,656,679]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
end, IIS end, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA041A4924F35B7B9" box="[301,346,692,716]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA0FFA4934FD0B7B9" box="[403,447,693,716]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
partial; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA393A4934D03B7B9" box="[767,876,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA393A4934D03B7B9" box="[767,876,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA540A4924AF8B7B8" box="[1068,1175,692,717]" name="Denmark" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA5CFA4924B65B7B9" box="[1187,1290,692,716]" name="Germany" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA4FE4D25B660" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA4FE4C07B660" author="Bass" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0A5A4FE4C6AB785" box="[457,517,728,752]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA55BA4FE4AC1B785" box="[1079,1198,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA55BA4FE4AC1B785" box="[1079,1198,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard but inversion breakpoints not given)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA315A4DA4CA5B660" box="[633,714,764,789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA3B5A4DA4D53B660" box="[729,828,764,789]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA5394F3DB628" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA5394C29B64D" author="Adler" box="[199,582,799,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA078A5394C29B64D" author="Malmqvist" box="[276,582,799,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA366A5064C29B64D" box="[522,582,800,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on geographic variation; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA2A3A5064A04B64D" box="[975,1131,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA2A3A5064A04B64D" box="[975,1131,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘A’ and ‘B 
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA419A5064BE8B64D" box="[1397,1415,800,824]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA195A5624F3DB628" box="[249,338,836,861]" name="Sweden" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA5414C89B6D0" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0A4A54E4C6BB6F5" box="[456,516,872,896]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA474A5414F2BB6D0" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hellichiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA474A5414F2BB6D0" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Hellichiella latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA016A5AB4CECB6D0" box="[378,643,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophila">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA016A5AB4CECB6D0" box="[378,643,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Nevermannia cryophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA3F7A5AA4C89B6D0" box="[667,742,908,933]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA5894F2BB698" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA30EA5964CF1B6BD" box="[610,670,944,968]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA195A5F24F2BB698" box="[249,324,980,1005]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA5D14F83B140" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA5D14FFAB141" author="Chubareva" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0AAA5DE4C6DB165" box="[454,514,1016,1040]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA47DA5DE4BF3B165" box="[1297,1436,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophila">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA47DA5DE4BF3B165" box="[1297,1436,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C. cryophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA044A23B4FE6B141" box="[296,393,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA044A23B4FE6B141" box="[296,393,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA0CDA23A4F83B140" box="[417,492,1052,1077]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA2194CBDB108" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA2194C14B109" author="Chubareva" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA08AA2664C4DB12D" box="[486,546,1088,1112]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA362A2434C00B109" box="[526,623,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA362A2434C00B109" box="[526,623,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C. verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA3EBA2424CBDB108" box="[647,722,1124,1149]" name="Russia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA2A14DBCB1D5" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,979,1159,1184]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA2A14DE4B1D5" author="Adler" box="[199,907,1159,1184]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474." type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Seitz (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA000A2AE4FC9B1D5" box="[364,422,1160,1184]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, chromosomal phylogeny, photo of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA241A2AE4D28B1EA" box="[813,839,1160,1183]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
base)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA2F9A2A14DBCB1D5" box="[917,979,1159,1184]" name="Spain" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Spain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1FBA28A4F97B1B0" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,504,1196,1221]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA1FBA28A4F97B1B0" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,504,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="djafarovi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA1FBA28A4FEEB1B0" bold="true" box="[151,385,1196,1221]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Simulium djafarovi</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA2E94DB5B078" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA2E94D02B078" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1988 a) B-chromosomes in genofonde [gene pool] of populations of Cnetha djafarovi Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Biologichesky Zhurnal Armenii, 41, 454 - 458. [In Russian with Armenian and English summaries.]" type="journal article" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA005A2F64FCBB19D" box="[361,420,1232,1256]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1988.0">1988</number>
a, B chromosomes; description; photos of all chromosomes, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement; polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA21BA2D24DB5B078" box="[887,986,1268,1293]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3314C5EB020" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA3314FABB021" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1990 a) Nucleolar polymorphism and heterozygosity in puffs in natural populations of Cnetha djafarovi Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Biologichesky Zhurnal Armenii, 43, 378 - 382. [In Russian with Armenian and English summaries.]" type="journal article" year="1990" yearSuffix="a">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA033A33E4FF5B045" box="[351,410,1304,1328]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1990.0">1990</number>
a, B chromosomes; description; multiple nucleoli; photos of B chromosomes and partial 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA417A33E4BF7B05A" box="[1403,1432,1304,1327]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, IIL, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA0E6A31A4FD3B021" box="[394,444,1340,1364]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA0A3A31A4C5EB020" box="[463,561,1340,1365]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3794B1DB00D" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1394,1375,1400]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA3794CFFB00D" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,656,1375,1400]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Usova, Z. V. &amp; Oganesyan, V. S. (1993) The genetic relations of two close species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 85 - 88. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Kachvoryan, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA032A3464CFFB00D" author="Usova" box="[350,656,1376,1400]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Usova, Z. V. &amp; Oganesyan, V. S. (1993) The genetic relations of two close species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 85 - 88. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Usova &amp; Oganesyan (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA339A3464CFFB00D" box="[597,656,1376,1400]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1993.0">1993</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA232A3464D93B00D" box="[862,1020,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chubarevae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA232A3464D93B00D" box="[862,1020,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. chubarevae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA516A3464AFBB002" box="[1146,1172,1376,1399]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA5A7A3464A92B00D" box="[1227,1277,1376,1400]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA47CA3794B1DB00D" box="[1296,1394,1375,1400]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3A24DBFB0E8" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,976,1412,1437]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA3A24D0BB0E8" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,868,1412,1437]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. &amp; Galustyan, S. B. (1998) Nucleolar polymorphism as a mechanism of evolution of the karytotype of blackflies. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Respublikanskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii, Tezisy Dokladov [Republican Scientific Conference on Zoology, Theses of Lectures.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Armenii, Yerevan, Armenia, p. 65. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1998">
Kachvoryan &amp; Galustyan (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA098A3A24C40B0E9" box="[500,559,1412,1436]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1998.0">1998</number>
, notes on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA202A3A24DBFB0E8" box="[878,976,1412,1437]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3814A30B0B5" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1119,1447,1472]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Kachvoryan &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0AEA38E4F91B0B5" box="[450,510,1448,1472]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA291A3814A30B0B5" box="[1021,1119,1447,1472]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3EA4B09B090" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1382,1484,1509]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0A4A3EA4C6BB091" box="[456,516,1484,1508]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA468A3EA4B09B090" box="[1284,1382,1484,1509]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA3C94AF0B37D" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1183,1519,1544]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA333A3D64CF4B37D" box="[607,667,1520,1544]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA551A3C94AF0B37D" box="[1085,1183,1519,1544]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA0324CDAB325" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA0324C22B325" author="Chubareva" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0A8A0324F91B359" box="[452,510,1556,1580]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA33AA0114CDAB325" box="[598,693,1591,1616]" name="Armenia" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1FBA07A4F87B300" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,488,1628,1653]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA1FBA07A4F87B300" authority="Davies" authorityName="Davies" box="[151,488,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dunfellense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA1FBA07A4FF9B300" bold="true" box="[151,406,1628,1653]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Simulium dunfellense</emphasis>
Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA0A64D25B3C8" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA0A64C07B3C8" author="Bass" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0A5A0A64C6AB3ED" box="[457,517,1664,1688]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA55BA0A64AC1B3ED" box="[1079,1198,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA55BA0A64AC1B3ED" box="[1079,1198,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard but inversion breakpoints not given)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA315A0824CA5B3C8" box="[633,714,1700,1725]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA3B5A0824D53B3C8" box="[729,828,1700,1725]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA0E14A6AB395" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1029,1735,1760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA0E14D46B395" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,809,1735,1760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA034A0EE4FFEB395" box="[344,401,1736,1760]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA335A0EE4D71B395" box="[601,798,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juxtacrenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA335A0EE4D71B395" box="[601,798,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. juxtacrenobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA257A0E14DE6B395" box="[827,905,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA2F4A0E14D97B395" box="[920,1016,1735,1760]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1FBA0CA4FCCB270" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,419,1772,1797]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA1FBA0CA4FCCB270" authority="Adler" authorityName="Adler" box="[151,419,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fionae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA1FBA0CA4F33B270" bold="true" box="[151,348,1772,1797]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Simulium fionae</emphasis>
Adler
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA1294D9EB238" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA1294DFDB239" author="Brockhouse" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA00EA1364FF1B25D" box="[354,414,1808,1832]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA4EBA1364F22B239" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA4EBA1364F22B239" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA315A1134CFCB239" box="[633,659,1845,1868]" name="Iceland" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IL</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA3A6A1134C94B239" box="[714,763,1845,1868]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
; as ‘A-type’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA2F1A1124D9EB238" box="[925,1009,1844,1869]" name="Canada" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA1714DC0B2E0" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA1714D3FB2E0" author="Brockhouse" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA00EA1714FF2B205" box="[354,413,1879,1904]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA4EBA17E4F22B2E1" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA4EBA17E4F22B2E1" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard, photo of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA66F6AA302A15B4CF1B2E1" box="[622,670,1917,1940]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">IIIL</collectionCode>
; as ‘Eastmain’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA237A15A4DC0B2E0" box="[859,943,1916,1941]" name="Canada" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA66F6AA1ABA1874A30B2A9" blockId="68.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA66F6AA1ABA1874A74B2A9" author="Hunter" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA66F6AA0D5A1864F9BB2CC" box="[441,500,1952,1977]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of IIL, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except IIL] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA66F6AA319A1E34C8AB2A9" box="[629,741,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA319A1E34C8AB2A9" box="[629,741,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA66F6AA2ACA1E34DBAB2A9" box="[960,981,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">S.</emphasis>
‘sp.’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA66F6AA54BA1E24A30B2A9" box="[1063,1119,1988,2012]" name="United States of America" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA6BE4C5DB58D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA6BE4F82B58D" author="Hunter" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA045A6BE4F0BB5C5" box="[297,356,152,176]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of IIL, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution [except IIL] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA2C8A69B4A74B5A1" box="[932,1051,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA2C8A69B4A74B5A1" box="[932,1051,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA47EA69B4B48B5A1" box="[1298,1319,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S.</emphasis>
‘sp. near 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA195A6F94FB7B58D" box="[249,472,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA195A6F94F1CB58D" box="[249,371,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furculatum">furculatum</taxonomicName>
- 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA010A6C74FB7B58D" box="[380,472,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="croxtoni">croxtoni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA096A6C64C5DB58D" box="[506,562,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA7234BFCB468" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1427,260,285]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA7234AB0B469" author="Hunter" box="[199,1247,260,285]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA048A7224F30B468" box="[292,351,260,285]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA255A7234DC6B469" box="[825,937,261,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA255A7234DC6B469" box="[825,937,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA5E8A7234AF6B469" box="[1156,1177,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S.</emphasis>
‘sp.’)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA45FA7224BFCB468" box="[1331,1427,260,285]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA7014A37B435" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1112,295,320]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA07AA70E4F3DB435" box="[278,338,296,320]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, notes on geographic variation, original description of species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA54CA70E4A37B435" box="[1056,1112,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA76A4DA0B410" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,975,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA76A4C63B411" author="Adler" box="[199,524,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA078A76A4C63B411" author="Currie" box="[276,524,332,357]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0BCA76A4C63B411" box="[464,524,332,356]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on geographic variation): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA217A76A4DA0B410" box="[891,975,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1FBA7494C56B4FD" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,569,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA1FBA7494C56B4FD" authority="Radzivilovskaya" authorityName="Radzivilovskaya" box="[151,569,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontinale">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA1FBA7494F12B4FD" bold="true" box="[151,381,367,392]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Simulium fontinale</emphasis>
Radzivilovskaya
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA7B24D2AB4A5" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA7B24C89B4A5" author="Brockhouse" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA031A7B24FF8B4D9" box="[349,407,404,428]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA44AA7B34BF3B4D9" box="[1318,1436,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA44AA7B34BF3B4D9" box="[1318,1436,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA0A1A7914C3CB4A5" box="[461,595,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA0A1A7914C3CB4A5" box="[461,595,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Eusimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Yukon # 
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA3AAA79E4CB9B4A5" box="[710,726,440,464]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="9.0">9</number>
’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA39DA7914D2AB4A5" box="[753,837,439,464]" name="Canada" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA7FA4D3DB76D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA7FA4D61B76D" author="Choate" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Choate, L. A. (1984) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. X. and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Master's thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA, 122 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Choate (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA04BA7FA4F0CB481" box="[295,355,476,500]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of all arms, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA01CA4264F8FB76D" box="[368,480,512,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA01CA4264F8FB76D" box="[368,480,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA3D0A4274CBBB76D" box="[700,724,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E.</emphasis>
‘X’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA276A4264D3DB76D" box="[794,850,512,536]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA4024CDBB715" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA4024C3AB715" author="Brockhouse" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA031A4024FF8B748" box="[349,407,548,573]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA44AA4034BF3B749" box="[1318,1436,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA44AA4034BF3B749" box="[1318,1436,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA0A1A46F4F89B715" box="[461,486,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E.</emphasis>
‘Yukon’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA30CA4614CDBB715" box="[608,692,583,608]" name="Canada" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA44A4C75B7DD" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Brockhouse in Adler &amp; Currie (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA341A44A4C06B7F0" box="[557,617,620,645]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA518A44B4A8AB7F1" box="[1140,1253,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA518A44B4A8AB7F1" box="[1140,1253,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA07BA4B64FC1B7DD" box="[279,430,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolletum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA07BA4B64FC1B7DD" box="[279,430,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. decolletum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA0AAA4A94C75B7DD" box="[454,538,655,680]" name="Canada" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA4924F5EB785" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA4924BF8B7B9" author="Allison" box="[199,1431,692,717]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Allison, L. A. &amp; Shields, G. F. (1989) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. decolletum, and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Genome, 32, 550 - 558. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 482" type="journal article" year="1989">
Allison &amp; Shields (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0C5A4924F8AB7B9" box="[425,485,692,716]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, characterization, drawing of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA76F6BA22CA4934D1FB7B9" box="[832,880,693,716]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">IIIL</collectionCode>
, selected inversions mapped; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA581A4934BE4B7B8" box="[1261,1419,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decolletum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA581A4934BE4B7B8" box="[1261,1419,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E. decolletum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA195A4FE4F5EB785" box="[249,305,728,752]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA4DA4C65B64D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA4DA4C77B661" author="Adler" box="[199,536,764,789]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA07AA4DA4C77B661" author="Currie" box="[278,536,764,789]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0B0A4DA4C77B661" box="[476,536,764,788]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, geographic variation, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA5B1A4DB4B3FB661" box="[1245,1360,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA5B1A4DB4B3FB661" box="[1245,1360,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA01CA5394FA8B64D" box="[368,455,799,824]" name="Canada" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA0BEA5064C65B64D" box="[466,522,800,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA5624FC2B6F5" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA5624F38B6F5" author="Chubareva" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A3A5624C64B629" box="[463,523,836,860]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA00EA5414FC2B6F5" box="[354,429,871,896]" name="Russia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA5AA4DFDB6BD" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0BCA5AA4C63B6D0" box="[464,524,908,933]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, frequency of B chromosomes, low-resolution photos of B chromosomes [with interpretive drawings] and metaphase complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA22BA5894DFDB6BD" box="[839,914,943,968]" name="Russia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA5F24A50B698" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1087,980,1005]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA5F24D83B698" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1004,980,1005]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0ADA5F24F94B699" box="[449,507,980,1004]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA29AA5F24A50B698" box="[1014,1087,980,1005]" name="Russia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1FBA5D14F86B165" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,489,1015,1040]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA1FBA5D14F86B165" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,489,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA1FBA5D14F1DB165" bold="true" box="[151,370,1015,1040]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Simulium fontium</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA23A4FA3B12D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA091A23A4C56B141" box="[509,569,1052,1076]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, comparison with selected species in 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA28CA23B4A3FB141" box="[992,1104,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA28CA23B4A3FB141" box="[992,1104,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, description, photos of all arms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA006A2194FA3B12D" box="[362,460,1087,1112]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA2424CFBB1D5" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA2424C47B1D5" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1978) Morpho-ecological and comparative karyological investigation of related black fly species in the genus Cnetha Enderlein of complex fontium Rubtsov (Diptera, Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Kiev, Ukraine, 131 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1978">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA009A2424FCFB109" box="[357,416,1124,1148]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, comparison with selected species in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA286A2424AFCB108" box="[1002,1171,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Montisimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA286A2424AFCB108" box="[1002,1171,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Montisimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA5BBA2434B01B109" box="[1239,1390,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA5BBA2434B01B109" box="[1239,1390,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA195A2A14FE8B1D5" box="[249,391,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Chelocnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA195A2A14FE8B1D5" box="[249,391,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chelocnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], description)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA35EA2A14CFBB1D5" box="[562,660,1159,1184]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA28A4B09B1B0" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1382,1196,1221]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA28A4A95B1B0" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1274,1196,1221]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A5A28A4C6AB1B1" box="[457,517,1196,1220]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA468A28A4B09B1B0" box="[1284,1382,1196,1221]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA2E94B02B19D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1389,1231,1256]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA2E94A81B19D" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,1262,1231,1256]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1979) Comparative karyological analysis of the representative genera Montisimulium Rubz., Cnetha End. and Chelocnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals.] 118 pp. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 56 - 57. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA033A2F64FF4B19D" box="[351,411,1232,1256]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, comparison with selected species; photos of ends of IS, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA76F6BA526A2F64A17B19D" box="[1098,1144,1232,1256]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA76F6BA5DFA2F64A89B19D" box="[1203,1254,1232,1256]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">IIIL</collectionCode>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA593A2E94B08B19D" box="[1279,1383,1231,1256]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA2D24DB5B078" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,986,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA2D24D03B079" author="Chubareva" box="[199,876,1268,1293]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2000) Morphokaryological analysis of five species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha (Diptera: Simuliidae) with description of a new species from the Dzhrvezhsky Canyon of Armenia. Parazitologiya, 34, 470 - 476. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2000">
Chubareva &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA090A2D24C57B079" box="[508,568,1268,1292]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA269A2D34D30B078" box="[773,863,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akopi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA269A2D34D30B078" box="[773,863,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. akopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA214A2D24DB5B078" box="[888,986,1268,1293]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA3314A30B045" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1119,1303,1328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0AEA33E4F91B045" box="[450,510,1304,1328]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA291A3314A30B045" box="[1021,1119,1303,1328]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA31A4B09B020" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1382,1340,1365]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A4A31A4C6BB021" box="[456,516,1340,1364]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA468A31A4B09B020" box="[1284,1382,1340,1365]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA3794F93B0E8" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA309A3464CCEB00D" box="[613,673,1376,1400]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA07BA3A34FECB0E8" box="[279,387,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Hellichiella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA07BA3A34FECB0E8" box="[279,387,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">N. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA0F6A3A24F93B0E8" box="[410,508,1412,1437]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA3814C33B090" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA3814F80B090" author="Chubareva" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA08AA38E4C4DB0B5" box="[486,546,1448,1472]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA095A3EA4C33B090" box="[505,604,1484,1509]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA3C94BFBB37D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1428,1519,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA002A3C94B46B37D" author="Adler" box="[366,1321,1519,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Werner, D. (2010 [2009]) Eugenie Ashotovna Kachvoryan (2 March 1942 - 6 December 2008): the life and career of an Armenian entomologist, with special reference to the family Simuliidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Studia Dipterologica, 16, 73 - 83. [Actual publication date was 29 December 2010.]" type="journal article" year="2010">
Adler &amp; Werner (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA341A3D64C08B37D" box="[557,615,1520,1544]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2010.0">2010</number>
, notes on B chromosomes, possible synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA5CDA3D64B71B37D" box="[1185,1310,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA5CDA3D64B71B37D" box="[1185,1310,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. costatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA459A3C94BFBB37D" box="[1333,1428,1519,1544]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1FBA0324F92B358" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[151,509,1556,1581]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA1FBA0324F92B358" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,509,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="garniense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA1FBA0324FE9B358" bold="true" box="[151,390,1556,1581]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Simulium garniense</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA0114FA3B300" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA091A01E4C56B325" box="[509,569,1592,1616]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, comparison with selected species in 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA28CA01E4A3FB325" box="[992,1104,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA28CA01E4A3FB325" box="[992,1104,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, description, photos of all arms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA006A07A4FA3B300" box="[362,460,1628,1653]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA0594CFBB3C8" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA0594C47B3C8" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1978) Morpho-ecological and comparative karyological investigation of related black fly species in the genus Cnetha Enderlein of complex fontium Rubtsov (Diptera, Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Kiev, Ukraine, 131 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1978">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA009A0A64FCFB3ED" box="[357,416,1664,1688]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, comparison with selected species in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA286A0594AFCB3ED" box="[1002,1171,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Montisimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA286A0594AFCB3ED" box="[1002,1171,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Montisimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA5BBA0A74B01B3ED" box="[1239,1390,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA5BBA0A74B01B3ED" box="[1239,1390,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA195A0824FE8B3C8" box="[249,391,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Chelocnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA195A0824FE8B3C8" box="[249,391,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Chelocnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], description)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA35EA0824CFBB3C8" box="[562,660,1700,1725]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA0E14A66B395" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1033,1735,1760]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA0E14DF3B395" author="Chubareva" box="[199,924,1735,1760]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A5A0EE4C6AB395" box="[457,517,1736,1760]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA2CBA0E14A66B395" box="[935,1033,1735,1760]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA0CA4ABDB270" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1234,1772,1797]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA0CA4A3CB270" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,1107,1772,1797]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1979) Comparative karyological analysis of the representative genera Montisimulium Rubz., Cnetha End. and Chelocnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals.] 118 pp. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 56 - 57. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA033A0CA4FF4B271" box="[351,411,1772,1796]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, comparison with selected species, photos of IS and IIL ends)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA508A0CA4AA3B270" box="[1124,1228,1772,1797]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA1294DB5B25D" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,986,1807,1832]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA76F6BA1ABA1294D03B25D" author="Chubareva" box="[199,876,1807,1832]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2000) Morphokaryological analysis of five species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha (Diptera: Simuliidae) with description of a new species from the Dzhrvezhsky Canyon of Armenia. Parazitologiya, 34, 470 - 476. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2000">
Chubareva &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA090A1364C57B25D" box="[508,568,1808,1832]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA76F6BA269A1364D30B25D" box="[773,863,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akopi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA76F6BA269A1364D30B25D" box="[773,863,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">S. akopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA214A1294DB5B25D" box="[888,986,1807,1832]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA1124A30B238" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1119,1844,1869]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0AEA1124F91B239" box="[450,510,1844,1868]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA291A1124A30B238" box="[1021,1119,1844,1869]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA1714A66B205" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1033,1879,1904]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A4A17E4C6BB205" box="[456,516,1880,1904]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA2CBA1714A66B205" box="[935,1033,1879,1904]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA15A4AF0B2E0" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1183,1916,1941]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA333A15A4CF4B2E1" box="[607,667,1916,1940]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA551A15A4AF0B2E0" box="[1085,1183,1916,1941]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA76F6BA1ABA1864AD9B2CC" blockId="69.[151,1436,151,1977]" box="[199,1206,1952,1977]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA76F6BA0A4A1864C6BB2CD" box="[456,516,1952,1976]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA76F6BA52BA1864AC0B2CC" box="[1095,1199,1952,1977]" name="Armenia" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA6B14FD2B5A0" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA6B14F3AB5A0" author="Chubareva" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0ACA6BE4F95B5C5" box="[448,506,152,176]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A032A69A4FD2B5A0" box="[350,445,188,213]" name="Armenia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA6F94FA6B58D" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,457,223,248]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA6F94FA6B58D" authority="Stone" authorityName="Stone" box="[151,457,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gouldingi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA6F94FECB58D" bold="true" box="[151,387,223,248]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium gouldingi</emphasis>
Stone
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA7224A57B435" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA7224DB6B435" author="Dunbar" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A05DA7224F02B468" box="[305,365,260,285]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A28FA7014A57B435" box="[995,1080,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA76B4A58B4FD" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA76B4D9AB4FD" author="Hunter" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0D5A76A4F9AB410" box="[441,501,332,357]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A54EA76B4A50B411" box="[1058,1087,333,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A5EEA76B4ADDB411" box="[1154,1202,333,356]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A59EA76A4B4EB411" box="[1266,1313,332,356]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IIIS</collectionCode>
; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A3A5A7564D56B4FD" box="[713,825,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A3A5A7564D56B4FD" box="[713,825,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A293A7564A58B4FD" box="[1023,1079,368,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA7B34DD2B4A5" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA7B34D14B4A5" author="Hunter" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A04BA7B24F0DB4D9" box="[295,354,404,428]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A2CCA7B34DD2B4D9" box="[928,957,405,428]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A56EA7B34A5DB4D9" box="[1026,1074,405,428]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A518A7B24ACCB4D9" box="[1140,1187,404,428]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IIIS</collectionCode>
; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A323A79E4CD0B4A5" box="[591,703,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A323A79E4CD0B4A5" box="[591,703,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A2E9A79E4DD2B4A5" box="[901,957,440,464]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA7FB4B78B480" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1303,476,501]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA7FB4A0AB480" author="Hunter" box="[199,1125,476,501]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A048A7FA4F30B480" box="[292,351,476,501]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A255A7FB4DC6B481" box="[825,937,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A255A7FB4DC6B481" box="[825,937,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A5DBA7FA4B78B480" box="[1207,1303,476,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA7D94FC8B762" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,423,511,536]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA7D94FC8B762" authority="Datta" authorityName="Datta" box="[151,423,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracile">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA7D94F0BB76D" bold="true" box="[151,356,511,536]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium gracile</emphasis>
Datta
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA4034FBAB715" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA4034FFEB715" author="Dey" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Dey, S. K. &amp; Fumafartsok, T. W. (1984 a) Supernumerary chromosomes in two species of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Cell and Chromosome Research, 7, 28 - 30." type="journal article" year="1984" yearSuffix="a">
Dey &amp; Fumafartsok (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0D6A4024F9AB749" box="[442,501,548,572]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1984.0">1984</number>
a, metaphase chromosome lengths, notes on B chromosomes, photos of metaphase complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A0F7A4614FBAB715" box="[411,469,583,608]" name="India" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">India</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA44A4C0FB7F0" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,608,620,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA44A4C0FB7F0" authority="Wen, Wei &amp; Chen" authorityName="Wen, Wei &amp; Chen" box="[151,608,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="henanense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA44A4FE0B7F0" bold="true" box="[151,399,620,645]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium henanense</emphasis>
Wen, Wei &amp; Chen
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA4B64C90B7B8" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA4B64F98B7DD" author="Wen" box="[199,503,655,680]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Wen, X. - J., Wei, J. &amp; Chen, H. - B. (2007 b) A study on polytene chromosomes of Simulium (Nevermannia) henanense sp. nov. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 26, 525 - 527. [In Chinese with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
Wen, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A066A4A94F98B7DD" author="Wei" box="[266,503,655,680]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Wen, X. - J., Wei, J. &amp; Chen, H. - B. (2007 b) A study on polytene chromosomes of Simulium (Nevermannia) henanense sp. nov. Sichuan Journal of Zoology, 26, 525 - 527. [In Chinese with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2007" yearSuffix="b">
Wei &amp; Chen (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0C1A4A94F87B7DD" box="[429,488,655,680]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2007.0">2007</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, low-resolution photos of all arms, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A3D0A4924C90B7B8" box="[700,767,692,717]" name="China" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">China</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA4F14CEAB785" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,645,727,752]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA4F14CEAB785" authority="Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood" authorityName="Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood" box="[151,645,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="impar">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA4F14F33B785" bold="true" box="[151,348,727,752]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium impar</emphasis>
Davies, Peterson &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA4DB4BFEB64D" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA4DB4A82B64D" author="Hunter" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0ADA4DA4F92B660" box="[449,509,764,789]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A508A4DB4AEEB661" box="[1124,1153,765,788]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
, and sex chromosomes; idiogram; inversions mapped; resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A273A5064D53B642" box="[799,828,800,823]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A2ADA5064A5EB64D" box="[961,1073,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A2ADA5064A5EB64D" box="[961,1073,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A59BA5394B21B64D" box="[1271,1358,799,824]" name="Canada" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A435A5064BFEB64D" box="[1369,1425,800,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA5634FFCB6D1" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA5634BF6B6F5" author="Hunter" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A047A5624F09B629" box="[299,358,836,860]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization; cytodendrogram; drawings of IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A288A5634A6EB629" box="[996,1025,837,860]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
, and sex chromosomes; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A3C2A54E4CB2B6F5" box="[686,733,872,896]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IIIS</collectionCode>
; resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A2D3A54E4DB3B60A" box="[959,988,872,895]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A50BA54E4AB6B6F5" box="[1127,1241,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A50BA54E4AB6B6F5" box="[1127,1241,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A195A5AA4F3FB6D0" box="[249,336,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A037A5AA4FFCB6D1" box="[347,403,908,932]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA5964B78B6BD" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1303,943,968]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA5964A0AB6BD" author="Hunter" box="[199,1125,943,968]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A048A5894F30B6BD" box="[292,351,943,968]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A255A5964DC6B6BD" box="[825,937,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A255A5964DC6B6BD" box="[825,937,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A5DBA5894B78B6BD" box="[1207,1303,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA5F24CAFB698" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,704,980,1005]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA5F24CAFB698" authority="Chubareva &amp; Yankovsky" authorityName="Chubareva &amp; Yankovsky" box="[151,704,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmenica">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA5F24FE1B698" bold="true" box="[151,398,980,1005]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium itelmenica</emphasis>
(Chubareva &amp; Yankovsky)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA5D14FCAB12D" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Chubareva &amp; Yankovksy (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A090A5D14C57B165" box="[508,568,1015,1040]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, inversions mapped; original description of species; photos of all arms, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement; putative resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A50AA23B4B68B140" box="[1126,1287,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A50AA23B4B68B140" box="[1126,1287,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
([as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A427A23A4F56B12D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A427A23A4F56B12D" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cnetha verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A036A2194FCAB12D" box="[346,421,1087,1112]" name="Russia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA2424C1DB045" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA2424C5FB1B1" author="Chubareva" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0A8A2424F91B109" box="[452,510,1124,1148]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths, putative resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A2CAA2AE4A2DB1D5" box="[934,1090,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A2CAA2AE4A2DB1D5" box="[934,1090,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
([as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A511A2A14B79B1D5" box="[1149,1302,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A511A2A14B79B1D5" box="[1149,1302,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cnetha verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A421A2A14F05B1B0" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmenica">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A421A2A14F05B1B0" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Cnetha itelmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A0CFA28B4C4AB1B0" box="[419,549,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shutovae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A0CFA28B4C4AB1B0" box="[419,549,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C. shutovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A352A28A4CE5B1B0" box="[574,650,1196,1221]" name="Russia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Russia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A3FAA28A4C8CB1B1" box="[662,739,1196,1220]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">NOTE</collectionCode>
: The majority of the polytene maps of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A5F4A28B4B44B1B0" box="[1176,1323,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmenica">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A5F4A28B4B44B1B0" box="[1176,1323,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C. itelmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A406A28A4BFBB1B0" box="[1386,1428,1196,1221]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="125.0">125</number>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A04BA2F64FC8B19D" box="[295,423,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shutovae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A04BA2F64FC8B19D" box="[295,423,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C. shutovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(fig. 
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A08EA2F64C63B19D" box="[482,524,1232,1256]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="134.0">134</number>
) in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A359A2E94D12B19D" author="Chubareva" box="[565,893,1231,1256]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A243A2F64D07B19D" box="[815,872,1232,1256]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a)
</bibRefCitation>
appear to be derived from the same chromosomal photos, although cut and arranged in slightly different configurations. Whether 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A502A2D24AB0B078" box="[1134,1247,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="itelmenica">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A502A2D24AB0B078" box="[1134,1247,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">itelmenica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A195A3314F35B045" box="[249,346,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shutovae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A195A3314F35B045" box="[249,346,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">shutovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
requires additional study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA31A4C00B0E8" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA31A4D67B00D" author="Chubareva" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2009 b) Karyotypes of rare and little-known species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 19, 244 - 246." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0A8A31A4F91B020" box="[452,510,1340,1365]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2009.0">2009</number>
b, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A315A3464C92B00D" box="[633,765,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="shutovae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A315A3464C92B00D" box="[633,765,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C. shutovae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A274A3794D0BB00D" box="[792,868,1375,1400]" name="Russia" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Russia</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA46F68A21DA3464DD1B00D" box="[881,958,1376,1400]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">NOTE</collectionCode>
: The same comments under 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A46AA3794FC8B0E9" author="Chubareva" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A036A3A24FFCB0E9" box="[346,403,1412,1436]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a)
</bibRefCitation>
above apply here.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA3814CD8B0B5" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,695,1447,1472]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA3814CD8B0B5" authority="Bass &amp; Brockhouse" authorityName="Bass &amp; Brockhouse" box="[151,695,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juxtacrenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA3814FBDB0B5" bold="true" box="[151,466,1447,1472]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium juxtacrenobium</emphasis>
Bass &amp; Brockhouse
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA3EA4A12B37D" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday &amp; Straus (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A3F6A3EA4CB9B091" box="[666,726,1484,1508]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram, description and evolution of different B chromosomes, photos of 
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A37EA3D64C4FB37D" box="[530,544,1520,1544]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="3.0">3</number>
different B chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A230A3C94DC5B37D" box="[860,938,1519,1544]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A2D4A3C94A74B37D" box="[952,1051,1519,1544]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A542A3C94A12B37D" box="[1070,1149,1519,1544]" name="Ireland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ireland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA0334B57B300" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA0334A63B300" author="Bass" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A0D7A0324F98B359" box="[443,503,1556,1580]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization; description of different B chromosomes; original description of species; photos of B chromosomes, chromosome II, and low-resolution polytene complement with pseudochromocenter; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A3B3A07B4D20B301" box="[735,847,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A3B3A07B4D20B301" box="[735,847,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A57AA07A4A0BB300" box="[1046,1124,1628,1653]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A51EA07A4ABAB300" box="[1138,1237,1628,1653]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A584A07A4B57B300" box="[1256,1336,1628,1653]" name="Ireland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ireland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA0594A49B3C8" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA0594C96B3C8" author="Brockhouse" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A00EA0A64FF2B3ED" box="[354,413,1664,1688]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, characterization; description and evolution of different B chromosomes; photos of B chromosomes, IIS, and pseudochromocenter)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A26FA0824D3EB3C8" box="[771,849,1700,1725]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A20CA0824DACB3C8" box="[864,963,1700,1725]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A2BAA0824A49B3C8" box="[982,1062,1700,1725]" name="Ireland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Ireland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA0E14CBFB25D" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA0E14CB4B395" author="Ilmonen" box="[199,731,1735,1760]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ilmonen, Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A0ECA0E14CB4B395" author="Malmqvist" box="[384,731,1735,1760]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Malmqvist &amp; Cywinska (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A3F3A0EE4CB4B395" box="[671,731,1736,1760]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, B chromosomes; characterization; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IIL, and polytene complements; possible sibling species; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A4EBA0CB4F22B25D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A4EBA0CB4F22B25D" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A37FA1294C03B25D" box="[531,620,1807,1832]" name="Finland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Finland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A31BA1294CBFB25D" box="[631,720,1807,1832]" name="Sweden" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1FBA1124FD1B238" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,446,1844,1869]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A1FBA1124FD1B238" authority="Adler" authorityName="Adler" box="[151,446,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loerchae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A1FBA1124F17B238" bold="true" box="[151,376,1844,1869]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Simulium loerchae</emphasis>
Adler
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA1714D39B2E1" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA1714D7BB2E0" author="Adler" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Adler, P. H. (1987) A new North American species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) and analysis of its polytene chromosomes. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 673 - 681." type="journal article" year="1987">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A070A17E4F37B205" box="[284,344,1880,1904]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, original description of species, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A478A17E4B41B21A" box="[1300,1326,1880,1903]" name="Iceland" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">IL</collectingCountry>
and IIL, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A08BA15B4C37B2E1" box="[487,600,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A08BA15B4C37B2E1" box="[487,600,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A272A15A4D39B2E1" box="[798,854,1916,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA46F68A1ABA1874F91B2A9" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA46F68A1ABA1874FD4B2A8" author="Hunter" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA46F68A04FA1864F31B2CD" box="[291,350,1952,1976]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA46F68A536A1874AA6B2CD" box="[1114,1225,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A536A1874AA6B2CD" box="[1114,1225,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA46F68A195A1E34F61B2A9" box="[249,270,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">S.</emphasis>
‘new species’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA46F68A0AAA1E24F91B2A9" box="[454,510,1988,2012]" name="United States of America" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA6B14C1DB5C5" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,626,151,176]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA6B14C1DB5C5" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,626,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="merritti">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA6B14F1DB5C5" bold="true" box="[151,370,151,176]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium merritti</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA69A4B70B58D" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA69A4C72B5A1" author="Adler" box="[199,541,188,213]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A074A69A4C72B5A1" author="Currie" box="[280,541,188,213]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A08FA69A4C72B5A1" box="[483,541,188,212]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, inversions mapped, original description of species, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A271A6C64D55B582" box="[797,826,224,247]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A2D7A6C64A47B58D" box="[955,1064,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A2D7A6C64A47B58D" box="[955,1064,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A584A6C64B70B58D" box="[1256,1311,224,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA7224CECB468" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,643,260,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA7224CECB468" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,643,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="modicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA7224FECB468" bold="true" box="[151,387,260,285]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium modicum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA7014A7DB411" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA7014D03B411" author="Dunbar" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A045A7014F0AB435" box="[297,357,295,320]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, notes on general polytene features, photo of polytene complement, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A3BDA76B4D0FB411" box="[721,864,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A3BDA76B4D0FB411" box="[721,864,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A214A76A4DA0B410" box="[888,975,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2B6A76A4A7DB411" box="[986,1042,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA7494DE4B4D9" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA7494D26B4D9" author="Choate" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Choate, L. A. (1984) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. X. and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Master's thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA, 122 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Choate (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A047A7564F08B4FD" box="[299,359,368,392]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A5B4A7564B22B4FD" box="[1240,1357,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A5B4A7564B22B4FD" box="[1240,1357,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard, photos of all arms; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A330A7B34C84B4D9" box="[604,747,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A330A7B34C84B4D9" box="[604,747,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘IL-st’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A23FA7B24DE4B4D9" box="[851,907,404,428]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA79E4FFCB76E" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA79E4BF8B481" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0D4A7914F9BB4A5" box="[440,500,439,464]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawings of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A573A79E4A55B4BA" box="[1055,1082,440,463]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFA56F69A519A79E4ACAB4BA" box="[1141,1189,440,463]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IIIL</collectionCode>
, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A343A7FB4C23B481" box="[559,588,477,500]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A3BCA7FB4D2FB481" box="[720,832,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A3BCA7FB4D2FB481" box="[720,832,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A576A7FB4AC7B481" box="[1050,1192,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A576A7FB4AC7B481" box="[1050,1192,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘A’ [X0 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A409A7FB4B16B481" box="[1381,1401,477,500]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Y</collectingCountry>
0])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A195A4244F3FB76E" box="[249,336,514,539]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A037A4254FFCB76E" box="[347,403,515,539]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA40E4C91B7F2" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA40E4C37B7F2" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A04BA4014F0DB74A" box="[295,354,551,575]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawings of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2F0A40E4DD8B74A" box="[924,951,552,575]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
and IIIL- 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A55DA4014A55B74A" box="[1073,1082,551,575]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1.0">1</number>
, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of CI and polytene complement, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2FDA46D4DC1B717" box="[913,942,587,610]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A559A46D4AC9B716" box="[1077,1190,587,611]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A559A46D4AC9B716" box="[1077,1190,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A4E8A46A4F06B7F2" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A4E8A46A4F06B7F2" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘A’ [X0 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A34BA4564C54B7F2" box="[551,571,624,647]" name="Italy" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Y</collectingCountry>
0])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A308A4484CD4B7F2" box="[612,699,622,647]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A3AAA4494C91B7F2" box="[710,766,623,647]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA4B34A58B7DB" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1079,661,686]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA4B34D9BB7DB" author="Allison" box="[199,1012,661,686]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Allison, L. A. &amp; Shields, G. F. (1989) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. decolletum, and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Genome, 32, 550 - 558. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 482" type="journal article" year="1989">
Allison &amp; Shields (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0F3A4B04FB4B7DB" box="[415,475,662,686]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, characterization; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A3AAA4B04D3AB7D8" box="[710,853,662,685]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A3AAA4B04D3AB7D8" box="[710,853,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A293A4B04A58B7DB" box="[1023,1079,662,686]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA49F4A1FB783" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA49F4C78B7A7" author="Adler" box="[199,535,697,722]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0B7A49C4C78B7A7" box="[475,535,698,722]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Hunter &amp; Connolly’s 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A195A4FB4F5EB783" box="[249,305,733,758]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A054A4F84FABB780" box="[312,452,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A054A4F84FABB780" box="[312,452,734,757]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘A’, notes on geographic variation): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A57CA4FB4A1FB783" box="[1040,1136,733,758]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA5274C10B66F" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,639,769,794]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA5274C10B66F" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,639,769,794]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moultoni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA5274F11B66F" bold="true" box="[151,382,769,794]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium moultoni</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA5004D92B617" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA5004D37B617" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0C1A5034F88B64B" box="[429,487,805,830]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A58CA5004A92B648" box="[1248,1277,806,829]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A4EBA5004F22B614" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A4EBA5004F22B614" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A344A56C4CD8B614" box="[552,695,842,865]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A344A56C4CD8B614" box="[552,695,842,865]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘C’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A20FA56F4DD5B617" box="[867,954,841,866]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2A9A56C4D92B617" box="[965,1021,842,866]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA5484A5AB6DF" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA5484DFFB6DF" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A04DA5484F35B6F3" box="[289,346,878,902]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, idiogram, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A471A5484B55B6F0" box="[1309,1338,878,901]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A079A5B44FE9B6DC" box="[277,390,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A079A5B44FE9B6DC" box="[277,390,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A30DA5B44C9FB6DC" box="[609,752,914,937]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A30DA5B44C9FB6DC" box="[609,752,914,937]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘C’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2F0A5B74D9CB6DF" box="[924,1011,913,938]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A291A5B44A5AB6DF" box="[1021,1077,914,938]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA5934AA5B687" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA5934C6EB6BB" author="Adler" box="[199,513,949,974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0AAA5904C6EB6BB" box="[454,513,950,974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Hunter &amp; Connolly’s 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A408A5934BF3B6BB" box="[1380,1436,949,974]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A195A5FC4FEAB684" box="[249,389,986,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A195A5FC4FEAB684" box="[249,389,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotype ‘C’, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A51AA5FF4AA5B687" box="[1142,1226,985,1010]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA5DB4FA4B163" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,459,1021,1046]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA5DB4FA4B163" authority="Davies" authorityName="Davies" box="[151,459,1021,1046]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naturale">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA5DB4F17B163" bold="true" box="[151,376,1021,1046]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium naturale</emphasis>
Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA2074DAEB12B" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA2074FF6B14F" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,409,1057,1082]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A033A2044FF6B14F" box="[351,409,1058,1082]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1984.1985">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A0C0A2074F8AB14F" author="Brockhouse" box="[428,485,1057,1082]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A4EBA2044F22B128" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A4EBA2044F22B128" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as ‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A3D9A2604CABB12B" box="[693,708,1094,1118]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
+ 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A3BAA2604C8CB12B" box="[726,739,1094,1118]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="3.0">3</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A390A2634D25B12B" box="[764,842,1093,1118]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A234A2634DD7B12B" box="[856,952,1093,1118]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA24F4ACCB1F7" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1187,1129,1154]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Brockhouse in Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0B2A24C4C75B1F7" box="[478,538,1130,1154]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram; as ‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A2FBA24C4DC9B1F7" box="[919,934,1130,1154]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
+ 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A2D4A24C4DAAB1F7" box="[952,965,1130,1154]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="3.0">3</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A2B2A24F4A43B1F7" box="[990,1068,1129,1154]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A556A24F4AF4B1F7" box="[1082,1179,1129,1154]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA2A84D21B1BF" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA2A84C66B1BF" author="Bass" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0DFA2A84F80B1D3" box="[435,495,1166,1190]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization of 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A3BEA2A84C8FB1D3" box="[722,736,1166,1190]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
cytoforms [‘Denmark’ and ‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A538A2A84A0CB1D3" box="[1108,1123,1166,1190]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
+ 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A518A2A84AEEB1D3" box="[1140,1153,1166,1190]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="3.0">3</number>
’], resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A4EBA2A84F22B1BC" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A4EBA2A84F22B1BC" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A37FA2974C0EB1BF" box="[531,609,1201,1226]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A31CA2974CBCB1BF" box="[624,723,1201,1226]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A38AA2974D21B1BF" box="[742,846,1201,1226]" name="Denmark" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Denmark</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA2F34AD7B067" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA2F34D86B067" author="Brockhouse" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A032A2F04FF6B19B" box="[350,409,1238,1262]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, characterization of 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A3EFA2F04CFEB19B" box="[643,657,1238,1262]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
cytoforms [‘Denmark’ and ‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A563A2F04A71B19B" box="[1039,1054,1238,1262]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2.0">2</number>
+ 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A55CA2F04A52B19B" box="[1072,1085,1238,1262]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="3.0">3</number>
’], inversions mapped, photo of sex chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A3D1A2DC4D42B064" box="[701,813,1274,1297]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A3D1A2DC4D42B064" box="[701,813,1274,1297]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A29FA2DF4A2EB067" box="[1011,1089,1273,1298]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A53CA2DF4ADEB067" box="[1104,1201,1273,1298]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA33B4C44B043" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,555,1309,1334]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA33B4C44B043" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,555,1309,1334]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="planipuparium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA33B4FA8B043" bold="true" box="[151,455,1309,1334]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium planipuparium</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA3674B1DB02F" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1394,1345,1370]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA3674A95B02F" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1274,1345,1370]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0A5A3644C6AB02F" box="[457,517,1346,1370]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A468A3674B1DB02F" box="[1284,1394,1345,1370]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA3434B07B00B" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1384,1381,1406]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA3434A9FB00B" author="Ismagulov" box="[199,1264,1381,1406]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Ismagulov, A. G. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1993) Comparative morpho-karyological analysis of related species of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 82 - 85. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Ismagulov &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A085A3404C4BB00B" box="[489,548,1382,1406]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1993.0">1993</number>
, description, photos of all arms, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A596A3434B07B00B" box="[1274,1384,1381,1406]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA3AF4B1DB0D7" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1394,1417,1442]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0A4A3AC4C6BB0D7" box="[456,516,1418,1442]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A468A3AF4B1DB0D7" box="[1284,1394,1417,1442]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA38B4FA6B09F" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA38B4F3AB09F" author="Chubareva" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0ACA3884F95B0B3" box="[448,506,1454,1478]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A032A3F74FA6B09F" box="[350,457,1489,1514]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1FBA3D34C21B37B" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[151,590,1525,1550]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A1FBA3D34C21B37B" authority="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" box="[151,590,1525,1550]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A1FBA3D34FE6B37B" bold="true" box="[151,393,1525,1550]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Simulium pugetense</emphasis>
Dyar &amp; Shannon
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA03F4D05B323" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA03F4D48B323" author="Choate" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Choate, L. A. (1984) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. X. and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Master's thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA, 122 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Choate (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A044A03C4F0BB347" box="[296,356,1562,1586]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A445A03C4BF3B344" box="[1321,1436,1562,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A445A03C4BF3B344" box="[1321,1436,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A0A1A01B4CA5B320" box="[461,714,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A0A1A01B4CA5B320" box="[461,714,1597,1622]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Eusimulium pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘IL-st’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A25EA0184D05B323" box="[818,874,1598,1622]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA0444B63B30F" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1292,1633,1658]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
Hunter in Currie &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A09EA0474C41B30F" box="[498,558,1633,1658]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A276A0444DCAB30C" box="[794,933,1634,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A276A0444DCAB30C" box="[794,933,1634,1657]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotypes ‘D’ and ‘E’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A5D4A0474B63B30F" box="[1208,1292,1633,1658]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA0A04A37B3B7" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA0A04D97B3B7" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0DEA0A34F81B3EB" box="[434,494,1669,1694]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A58FA0A04B6FB3E8" box="[1251,1280,1670,1693]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A4EBA0A04F22B3B4" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A4EBA0A04F22B3B4" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A344A08C4CD8B3B4" box="[552,695,1706,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A344A08C4CD8B3B4" box="[552,695,1706,1729]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotypes ‘B’, ‘D’, and ‘E’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A568A08F4A37B3B7" box="[1028,1112,1705,1730]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA0E84AFFB27F" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA0E84A5EB27F" author="Hunter" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A04FA0E84F31B393" box="[291,350,1742,1766]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A472A0E84B54B390" box="[1310,1339,1742,1765]" name="Iceland" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A079A0D44FE9B27C" box="[277,390,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A079A0D44FE9B27C" box="[277,390,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A30DA0D44C9FB27C" box="[609,752,1778,1801]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A30DA0D44C9FB27C" box="[609,752,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotypes ‘B’, ‘D’, and ‘E’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A550A0D74AFFB27F" box="[1084,1168,1777,1802]" name="Canada" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA1304B78B25B" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1303,1813,1838]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA1304A0AB25B" author="Hunter" box="[199,1125,1813,1838]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A048A1334F30B25B" box="[292,351,1813,1838]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A255A1304DC6B258" box="[825,937,1814,1837]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A255A1304DC6B258" box="[825,937,1814,1837]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A5DBA1334B78B25B" box="[1207,1303,1813,1838]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA11F4AA9B227" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" box="[199,1222,1849,1874]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA11F4AECB227" author="Allison" box="[199,1155,1849,1874]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Allison, L. A. &amp; Shields, G. F. (1989) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. decolletum, and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Genome, 32, 550 - 558. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 482" type="journal article" year="1989">
Allison &amp; Shields (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0F3A11C4FB4B227" box="[415,475,1850,1874]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, characterization, geographic variation; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A2D7A11C4A25B224" box="[955,1098,1850,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A2D7A11C4A25B224" box="[955,1098,1850,1873]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">E. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A5E2A11C4AA9B227" box="[1166,1222,1850,1874]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA56F69A1ABA17B4C82B2CB" blockId="71.[151,1436,151,1982]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A1ABA17B4C63B203" author="Adler" box="[199,524,1885,1910]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A0BCA1784C63B203" box="[464,524,1886,1910]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, probable sibling species, recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A0F2A1A44C44B2EC" box="[414,555,1922,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A0F2A1A44C44B2EC" box="[414,555,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytotypes ‘B’, ‘D’, and ‘E’ of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA56F69A2EBA1A44ACEB2EF" author="Hunter" box="[903,1185,1921,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly 
<number id="08502492FFA56F69A505A1A74ACEB2EF" box="[1129,1185,1921,1946]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA56F69A5AAA1A44B3CB2EC" box="[1222,1363,1922,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="pugetense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA56F69A5AAA1A44B3CB2EC" box="[1222,1363,1922,1945]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">S. pugetense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFA56F69A436A1A44BF8B2EC" box="[1370,1431,1922,1945]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, selected inversions mapped): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA56F69A3E1A1834C82B2CB" box="[653,749,1957,1982]" name="United States of America" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA6B14FFEB5DA" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,401,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA6B14FFEB5DA" authority="Datta" authorityName="Datta" box="[151,401,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purii">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA6B14F21B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,334,151,176]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium purii</emphasis>
Datta
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA69B4B00B5A0" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1391,188,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Dey &amp; Fumafartosok (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0A8A69A4F90B5A0" box="[452,511,188,213]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984.0">1984</number>
b, description, idiogram, lengths, and photos of metaphase complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A459A69A4B00B5A0" box="[1333,1391,188,213]" name="India" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">India</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA6F94F89B58D" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,486,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA6F94F89B58D" authority="Twinn" authorityName="Twinn" box="[151,486,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quebecense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA6F94FF5B58D" bold="true" box="[151,410,223,248]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium quebecense</emphasis>
Twinn
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA7234A53B435" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA7234DF7B435" author="Hunter" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Hunter, F. F. &amp; Connolly, V. (1986) A cytotaxonomic investigation of seven species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 296 - 311. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 050" type="journal article" year="1986">
Hunter &amp; Connolly (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0D7A7224F99B468" box="[443,502,260,285]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A570A7234A56B469" box="[1052,1081,261,284]" name="Iceland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IL</collectingCountry>
, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A0A5A70E4F89B44A" box="[457,486,296,319]" name="Iceland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A300A70E4CB3B435" box="[620,732,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A300A70E4CB3B435" box="[620,732,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A2CEA7014D96B435" box="[930,1017,295,320]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A568A70E4A53B435" box="[1028,1084,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA76B4CA6B4FD" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA76B4C4AB4FD" author="Hunter" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A04FA76A4F31B411" box="[291,350,332,356]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a, characterization, drawing of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A3DBA76B4CBBB411" box="[695,724,333,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IL</collectingCountry>
, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution [except 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A46DA76B4B71B411" box="[1281,1310,333,356]" name="Iceland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IL</collectingCountry>
] relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A195A7564F06B4FD" box="[249,361,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A195A7564F06B4FD" box="[249,361,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A343A7494CE9B4FD" box="[559,646,367,392]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A3FDA7564CA6B4FD" box="[657,713,368,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA7B34B78B4D8" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1303,404,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA7B34A0AB4D8" author="Hunter" box="[199,1125,404,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A048A7B24F30B4D8" box="[292,351,404,429]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b, summary of fixed inversions relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A255A7B34DC6B4D9" box="[825,937,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A255A7B34DC6B4D9" box="[825,937,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A5DBA7B24B78B4D8" box="[1207,1303,404,429]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA7914DBEB4A5" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,977,439,464]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA7914CE1B4BA" authority="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" authorityName="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[151,654,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rushanense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA7914FFAB4A5" bold="true" box="[151,405,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium rushanense</emphasis>
Chubareva &amp; Petrova
</taxonomicName>
[name presently unavailable]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA7FA4B29B480" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1350,476,501]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA7FA4AA1B480" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1230,476,501]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0A4A7FA4C6BB481" box="[456,516,476,500]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A5B4A7FA4B29B480" box="[1240,1350,476,501]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA7D94F84B76D" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,491,511,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA7D94F84B76D" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,491,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestre">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA7D94F1BB76D" bold="true" box="[151,372,511,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium silvestre</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA4024C53B715" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA4024FB3B715" author="Zimring" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A055A4024F1BB748" box="[313,372,548,573]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1953.0">1953</number>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A195A4614FBFB715" box="[249,464,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A195A4614FBFB715" box="[249,464,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eusimulium latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A084A4614C53B715" box="[488,572,583,608]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA44A4F21B7B8" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Landau in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A025A44A4BF7B7DD" author="Dunbar" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0DDA44A4F82B7F0" box="[433,493,620,645]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, idiogram, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A5F5A4B74B53B7DD" authority="St." authorityName="St." box="[1177,1340,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A5F5A4B74B66B7DD" box="[1177,1289,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">E. latipes</emphasis>
‘St.
</taxonomicName>
Rose’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A195A4924F21B7B8" box="[249,334,692,717]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA4F14A3AB661" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA4F14DDFB660" author="Brockhouse" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A032A4FE4FF5B785" box="[350,410,728,752]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A595A4FE4B48B785" box="[1273,1319,728,752]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A40BA4FE4BF8B79A" box="[1383,1431,728,751]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A08BA4DB4C37B661" box="[487,600,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A08BA4DB4C37B661" box="[487,600,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as ‘Caledon’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A2D7A4DA4A7DB660" box="[955,1042,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A571A4DA4A3AB661" box="[1053,1109,764,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA5394FF2B629" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA5394F36B629" author="Choate" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Choate, L. A. (1984) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. X. and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Master's thesis, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA, 122 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Choate (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A046A5064F09B64D" box="[298,358,800,824]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photos of all arms and B chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A4E8A5074F22B629" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A4E8A5074F22B629" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">E. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A009A5624FF2B629" box="[357,413,836,860]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA5414BE5B6D1" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA5414AB9B6D0" author="Brockhouse" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A033A5414FF5B6F5" box="[351,410,871,896]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photos of IIS and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A582A54E4B71B60A" box="[1262,1310,872,895]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IIIL</collectionCode>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A01CA5AB4F8FB6D1" box="[368,480,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A01CA5AB4F8FB6D1" box="[368,480,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as ‘Caledon’ and ‘Knebworth’ [part (Alaska only)
</bibRefCitation>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A59CA5AA4B28B6D0" box="[1264,1351,908,933]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A43EA5AA4BE5B6D1" box="[1362,1418,908,932]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA5894C5AB699" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Brockhouse in Adler &amp; Currie (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A35FA5894C00B6BD" box="[563,623,943,968]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A55FA5964ACAB6BD" box="[1075,1189,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A55FA5964ACAB6BD" box="[1075,1189,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A4EBA5964FEBB698" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caledonense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A4EBA5964FEBB698" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. caledonense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A0F7A5F24F9DB698" box="[411,498,980,1005]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A091A5F24C5AB699" box="[509,565,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA5D14A4FB165" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1056,1015,1040]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA5D14DB1B165" author="Allison" box="[199,990,1015,1040]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Allison, L. A. &amp; Shields, G. F. (1989) A cytological description of Eusimulium vernum, E. decolletum, and the E. pugetense complex (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Alaska. Genome, 32, 550 - 558. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 482" type="journal article" year="1989">
Allison &amp; Shields (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0F3A5DE4FB4B165" box="[415,475,1016,1040]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, characterization; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A3AAA5DF4D56B165" box="[710,825,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A3AAA5DF4D56B165" box="[710,825,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">E. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Knebworth’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A284A5DE4A4FB165" box="[1000,1056,1016,1040]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA23A4DD4B141" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,955,1052,1077]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Brockhouse in Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0B2A23A4C75B141" box="[478,538,1052,1076]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram; as ‘Alaska’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A2EFA23A4DD4B141" box="[899,955,1052,1076]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA2664CD0B109" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA2664C03B108" author="Bass" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0ACA2664F93B12D" box="[448,508,1088,1112]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A2A6A2664A51B12D" box="[970,1086,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A2A6A2664A51B12D" box="[970,1086,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A444A2664BF3B12D" box="[1320,1436,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A444A2664BF3B12D" box="[1320,1436,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Knebworth’ [part (Alaska only)
</bibRefCitation>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A3EBA2424CD0B109" box="[647,703,1124,1148]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA2A14CCAB1B0" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA2A14C2DB1D5" author="Adler" box="[199,578,1159,1184]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A07FA2A14C2DB1D5" author="Malmqvist" box="[275,578,1159,1184]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A36AA2AE4C2DB1D5" box="[518,578,1160,1184]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, homosequential species with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A538A2AE4AABB1D5" box="[1108,1220,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A538A2AE4AABB1D5" box="[1108,1220,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A079A28B4FE9B1B1" box="[277,390,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A079A28B4FE9B1B1" box="[277,390,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A320A28A4CCAB1B0" box="[588,677,1196,1221]" name="Sweden" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA2E94F5EB021" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA2E94C65B19D" author="Adler" box="[199,522,1231,1256]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0A2A2F64C65B19D" box="[462,522,1232,1256]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, homosequential species with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A570A2F64AE3B19D" box="[1052,1164,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A570A2F64AE3B19D" box="[1052,1164,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Knebworth’, note on B chromosomes, possible sibling species, recognition of Brockhouse’s 
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A575A2D24A3EB078" box="[1049,1105,1268,1293]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1985.0">1985</number>
‘Caledon’ and ‘Knebworth’ [part (Alaska only)] as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A367A33E4CE8B045" box="[523,647,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvestre">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A367A33E4CE8B045" box="[523,647,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. silvestre</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A2FEA33E4A69B045" box="[914,1030,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A2FEA33E4A69B045" box="[914,1030,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A5BAA3314B42B045" box="[1238,1325,1303,1328]" name="Canada" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A450A3314BF7B045" box="[1340,1432,1303,1328]" name="Sweden" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A195A31A4F5EB021" box="[249,305,1340,1364]" name="United States of America" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA3794F87B00D" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,488,1375,1400]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA3794F87B00D" authority="Takahasi" authorityName="Takahasi" box="[151,488,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uchidai">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA3794F03B00D" bold="true" box="[151,364,1375,1400]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium uchidai</emphasis>
(Takahasi)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA3A24CFAB091" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Okada (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A04DA3A24F33B0E9" box="[289,348,1412,1436]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1971.0">1971</number>
, description; photos of metaphase complement, low-magnification polytene complement and all chromosomes, and CII region and portions of IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A247A38E4D27B0CA" box="[811,840,1448,1471]" name="Iceland" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, IIL, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A285A38E4A78B0B5" box="[1001,1047,1448,1472]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A538A38E4AEEB0CA" box="[1108,1153,1448,1471]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">IIIL</collectionCode>
polymorphism; polytene chromosome relative lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A339A3EB4CFAB091" box="[597,661,1485,1508]" name="Japan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Japan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA3C94B24B372" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1355,1519,1544]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA3C94B6EB37D" author="Okada" box="[199,1281,1519,1544]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Okada, K. &amp; Sato, J. (1971) Gross features of the salivary gland chromosomes of Simulium (Eusimulium) uchidai (Takahasi 1950). La Kromosomo, 85 - 86, 2747. [In Japanese.]" type="journal article" year="1971">
Okada &amp; Sato (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A019A3D64FDFB37D" box="[373,432,1520,1544]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1971.0">1971</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome relative lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A467A3D64B24B372" box="[1291,1355,1520,1543]" name="Japan" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Japan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA0324FB7B358" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,472,1556,1581]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA0324FB7B358" authority="Davies" authorityName="Davies" box="[151,472,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA0324FECB358" bold="true" box="[151,387,1556,1581]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium urbanum</emphasis>
Davies
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA01E4B55B301" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA01E4F01B325" author="Hunter" box="[199,366,1592,1616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A04AA01E4F0EB325" box="[294,353,1592,1616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A017A0114FABB325" author="Hunter" box="[379,452,1591,1616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A017A0114FDAB325" box="[379,437,1591,1616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, homosequential sibling species with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A592A01E4BF4B325" box="[1278,1435,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A592A01E4BF4B325" box="[1278,1435,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B 
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A07AA07A4F47B301" box="[278,296,1628,1652]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2.0">2</number>
’, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A345A07B4CF7B301" box="[553,664,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A345A07B4CF7B301" box="[553,664,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A218A07A4AEFB300" box="[884,1152,1628,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A218A07A4AEFB300" box="[884,1152,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eusimulium cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B 
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A5C4A07A4ADAB301" box="[1192,1205,1628,1652]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1.0">1</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A5BFA07A4B55B301" box="[1235,1338,1628,1652]" name="Germany" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA0A64F1EB3C8" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA0A64B56B3ED" author="Bass" box="[199,1337,1663,1688]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A0D5A0A64F9AB3ED" box="[441,501,1664,1688]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A564A0A64A15B3ED" box="[1032,1146,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A564A0A64A15B3ED" box="[1032,1146,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A427A0594BF3B3ED" box="[1355,1436,1663,1688]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A06DA0824F0BB3C8" box="[257,356,1700,1725]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA0E14DFEB270" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA0E14CADB270" author="Brockhouse" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A009A0EE4FCFB395" box="[357,416,1736,1760]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A5BEA0EE4B25B395" box="[1234,1354,1736,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A5BEA0EE4B25B395" box="[1234,1354,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard, photo of pseudochromocenter)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A3A0A0CA4D75B270" box="[716,794,1772,1797]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A245A0CA4DE6B270" box="[809,905,1772,1797]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA1294D46B238" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA1294C38B25D" author="Adler" box="[199,599,1807,1832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A377A1364C38B25D" box="[539,599,1808,1832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal recognition of Hunter’s 
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A54BA1294A30B25D" box="[1063,1119,1807,1832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A514A1364B77B25D" box="[1144,1304,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A514A1364B77B25D" box="[1144,1304,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B 
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A429A1364B3DB25D" box="[1349,1362,1808,1832]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1.0">1</number>
’ as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A4EBA1364F31B238" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urbanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A4EBA1364F31B238" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. urbanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, notes on geographic variation): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAA6F66A3BCA1124D46B238" box="[720,809,1844,1869]" name="Sweden" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA1714D25B21A" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,842,1879,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA1714CB3B205" author="Adler" box="[199,732,1879,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Seitz, G. (2014) Chromosomal characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the Palearctic black fly Simulium carthusiense (Diptera: Simuliidae). European Journal of Entomology, 111: 469 - 474." type="journal article" year="2014">
Adler &amp; Seitz (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A01DA17E4FC2B205" box="[369,429,1880,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, chromosomal phylogeny)
</bibRefCitation>
: [Europe]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1FBA15A4C32B2E0" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,605,1916,1941]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A1FBA15A4F8DB2E1" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[151,482,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A1FBA15A4F1FB2E0" bold="true" box="[151,368,1916,1941]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Simulium vernum</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
(complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F66A1ABA1864B0AB2CC" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1381,1952,1977]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAA6F66A1ABA1864F79B2CD" box="[199,278,1952,1976]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">NOTE</collectionCode>
: References to ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A0A6A1864C7AB2CC" box="[458,533,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A0A6A1864C7AB2CC" box="[458,533,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A331A1874CF2B2CD" box="[605,669,1953,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="verna">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A331A1874CF2B2CD" box="[605,669,1953,1976]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">verna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ in the former Soviet literature refer to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAA6F66A536A1874A99B2CC" box="[1114,1270,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cryophilum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAA6F66A536A1874A99B2CC" box="[1114,1270,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">S. cryophilum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAA6F67A1ABA1E24B7DB5A0" blockId="72.[151,1436,151,2013]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A1ABA1E24FCEB2A9" author="Brockhouse" box="[199,417,1988,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brockhouse, C. L. (1984) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 94 pp." type="book" year="1984">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAA6F66A009A1E24FCEB2A9" box="[357,417,1988,2012]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" value="1984.1985">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAA6F66A0DAA1E24F9EB2A8" author="Brockhouse" box="[438,497,1988,2013]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1985) Sibling species and sex chromosomes in Eusimulium vernum (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2145 - 2161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 316" type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, ‘Knebworth’ cytoform established as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A0C7A6BE4C4CB5C5" box="[427,547,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A0C7A6BE4C4CB5C5" box="[427,547,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard, new cytoforms recognized [‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A58DA6BE4A84B5C5" box="[1249,1259,152,176]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
’, ‘Knebworth’, ‘Lymington’, ‘N 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0DFA69A4FBBB5A1" box="[435,468,188,212]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="89.0">89</number>
’, ‘N 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A36FA69A4C4AB5A1" box="[515,549,188,212]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="99.0">99</number>
’, and ‘N 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3EDA69A4CC3B5A0" box="[641,684,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="111.0">111</number>
/N 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3A1A69A4C83B5A0" box="[717,748,188,213]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="96.0">96</number>
’], photos of all arms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A289A69A4A5CB5A0" box="[997,1075,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A52EA69A4ACAB5A0" box="[1090,1189,188,213]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A5D4A69B4B7DB5A0" box="[1208,1298,189,213]" name="Norway" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA6F94C1AB468" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA6F94FE9B58D" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,390,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A027A6F94FE9B58D" box="[331,390,223,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A0F8A6C64FA1B58D" author="Leonhardt" box="[404,462,224,248]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A3CEA6C64D7AB58D" box="[674,789,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A3CEA6C64D7AB58D" box="[674,789,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; photos of bases of IS, IIS, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A451A6C64B05B582" box="[1341,1386,224,247]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIL</collectionCode>
and middle of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A000A7224FE4B469" box="[364,395,260,284]" name="Iceland" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IL</collectingCountry>
): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A0C9A7224F99B468" box="[421,502,260,285]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A368A7224C08B468" box="[516,615,260,285]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA70E4FF4B4FB" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA70E4F02B435" author="Hunter" box="[199,365,296,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 a) A cytotaxonomic study of species in the Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 181 pp." type="book" year="1987" yearSuffix="a">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A04AA70E4F0FB435" box="[294,352,296,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1987.0">1987</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A010A7014FACB435" author="Hunter" box="[380,451,295,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1987 b) Cytotaxonomy of four European species in the Eusimulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 3102 - 3115." type="journal article" year="1987" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A010A7014FDBB435" box="[380,436,295,320]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1987.0">1987</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, B chromosomes; characterization of cytoforms ‘Knebworth’ [X0 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A5C3A70E4AACB44A" box="[1199,1219,296,319]" name="Italy" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Y</collectingCountry>
0] and ‘Lymington’ [X0 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A072A7764F5DB412" box="[286,306,336,359]" name="Italy" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Y</collectingCountry>
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A05EA77B4F56B41E" box="[306,313,349,363]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
]; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IIS, IIL partial, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A5DDA7694AB1B412" box="[1201,1246,335,359]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A44FA7764B20B412" box="[1315,1359,336,359]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIL</collectionCode>
base): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A195A7504F0FB4FB" box="[249,352,374,398]" name="Germany" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Germany</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A006A7534FF4B4FB" box="[362,411,373,398]" name="Italy" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Italy</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA7BF4C0BB4A3" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Brockhouse in Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A09CA7BC4C43B4C7" box="[496,556,410,434]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram; as ‘Knebworth’, ‘Dorset &amp; Devon’, ‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A43EA7BC4B33B4C7" box="[1362,1372,410,434]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
’, and ‘Lymington’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A0F2A79B4F83B4A3" box="[414,492,445,470]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A097A79B4C33B4A3" box="[507,604,445,470]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA7C74F06B737" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Brockhouse, Bass, Feraday &amp; Straus (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A312A7C44CD5B48F" box="[638,698,482,506]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, cytodendrogram, description and evolution of B chromosomes, photo of B chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A326A4204CD3B768" box="[586,700,518,541]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A326A4204CD3B768" box="[586,700,518,541]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
siblings ‘Knebworth’, ‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A534A4204A0DB76B" box="[1112,1122,518,542]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
’, and ‘Lymington’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A422A4234BF3B76B" box="[1358,1436,517,542]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A06CA40F4F0EB737" box="[256,353,553,578]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA4684B35B713" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1370,589,614]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA4684A17B713" author="Hunter" box="[199,1144,589,614]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Hunter, F. F. (1989) The polytene chromosomes of Simulium furculatum (Shewell) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genome, 32, 522 - 530. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / g 89 - 478" type="journal article" year="1989">
Hunter (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A048A4684F0FB713" box="[292,352,590,614]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A341A4684CADB713" box="[557,706,589,614]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="furculatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A341A4684CADB713" box="[557,706,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. furculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, idiogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A20FA4684DBCB710" box="[867,979,590,613]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A20FA4684DBCB710" box="[867,979,590,613]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Knebworth’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A5E5A46B4AB5B713" box="[1161,1242,589,614]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A585A46B4B23B713" box="[1257,1356,589,614]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA4544C70B7A7" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA4544BF8B7FF" author="Bass" box="[199,1431,625,650]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Bass, J. A. B. &amp; Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1990) A new British species of the Simulium vernum group, with comments on its ecology and life history (Diptera: Simuliidae). Aquatic Insects, 12, 65 - 84. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650429009361392" type="journal article" year="1990">
Bass &amp; Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0DAA4544F9DB7FF" box="[438,498,626,650]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization of 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3BAA4544C8BB7FF" box="[726,740,626,650]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="3.0">3</number>
cytoforms [‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A293A4544A66B7FF" box="[1023,1033,626,650]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
’, ‘Knebworth’ (part [Europe only])
</bibRefCitation>
, and ‘Lymington’], new cytoform recognized [‘Hornvik’], resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A502A4B04AB1B7D8" box="[1134,1246,662,685]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A502A4B04AB1B7D8" box="[1134,1246,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A195A49F4F28B7A7" box="[249,327,697,722]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A039A49F4FD7B7A7" box="[341,440,697,722]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A0A0A49F4C70B7A7" box="[460,543,697,722]" name="Iceland" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iceland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA4FB4A3CB64B" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA4FB4CD3B64B" author="Brockhouse" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Brockhouse, C. [L.] (1991) Cytological and molecular studies of sibling species in the Simuliidae (Diptera). Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 192 pp." type="book" year="1991">
Brockhouse (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A00FA4F84FF1B783" box="[355,414,734,758]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1991.0">1991</number>
, characterization of 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3FAA4F84CCBB783" box="[662,676,734,758]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="3.0">3</number>
cytoforms [‘Dorset IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A2BDA4F84DB4B783" box="[977,987,734,758]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1.0">1</number>
’, ‘Knebworth’, and ‘Lymington’] and probable sibling species [‘Hornvik’], description and evolution of B chromosomes, inversions mapped, photos of all arms and B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A3AAA5034D7BB64B" box="[710,788,805,830]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A24EA5034DEAB64B" box="[802,901,805,830]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">England</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A2F5A5034D81B64B" box="[921,1006,805,830]" name="Iceland" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A295A5004A3CB64B" box="[1017,1107,806,830]" name="Norway" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA56F4A10B617" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1151,841,866]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA56F4C2CB617" author="Adler" box="[199,579,841,866]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A078A56F4C2CB617" author="Malmqvist" box="[276,579,841,866]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Zhang, Y. (1999) Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics. Entomologica Scandinavica, 29, 361 - 382. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631298 X 00014" type="journal article" year="1999">
Malmqvist &amp; Zhang (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A36BA56C4C2CB617" box="[519,579,842,866]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, possible homosequential sibling species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A54AA56F4A10B617" box="[1062,1151,841,866]" name="Sweden" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA54B4F3DB6DF" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA54B4C96B6F3" author="Ilmonen" box="[199,761,877,902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ilmonen, Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A0E1A54B4C96B6F3" author="Malmqvist" box="[397,761,877,902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Ilmonen, J., Adler, P. H., Malmqvist, B. &amp; Cywinska, A. (2009) The Simulium vernum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Europe: multiple character sets for assessing species status. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 847 - 863. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00500. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Malmqvist &amp; Cywinska (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3D1A5484C96B6F3" box="[701,761,878,902]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A2B0A5484A1AB6F3" box="[988,1141,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A2B0A5484A1AB6F3" box="[988,1141,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. crenobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A5D5A5484BE5B6F3" box="[1209,1418,877,902]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="juxtacrenobium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A5D5A5484BE5B6F3" box="[1209,1418,877,902]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. juxtacrenobium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A195A5B74F3DB6DF" box="[249,338,913,938]" name="Sweden" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Sweden</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1FBA5934CE7B6BB" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[151,648,949,974]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A1FBA5934CE7B6BB" authority="Stone &amp; DeFoliart" authorityName="Stone &amp; DeFoliart" box="[151,648,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wyomingense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A1FBA5934FDCB6BB" bold="true" box="[151,435,949,974]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Simulium wyomingense</emphasis>
Stone &amp; DeFoliart
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA5FF4C76B163" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA5FF4C4AB687" author="Adler" box="[199,549,985,1010]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A076A5FF4C4AB687" author="Currie" box="[282,549,985,1010]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A085A5FC4C4AB687" box="[489,549,986,1010]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on chromocenter, IIS and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A2C2A5FC4DB6B687" box="[942,985,986,1010]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIS</collectionCode>
resolved relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A5BBA5FC4B22B684" box="[1239,1357,986,1009]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A5BBA5FC4B22B684" box="[1239,1357,986,1009]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A0D4A5DB4C76B163" box="[440,537,1021,1046]" name="United States of America" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1FBA2074C76B14F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[151,537,1057,1082]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A1FBA2074C76B14F" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,537,1057,1082]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zakhariense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A1FBA2074FCDB14F" bold="true" box="[151,418,1057,1082]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Simulium zakhariense</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA2634C87B1F7" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA2634C14B1F7" author="Chubareva" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1974 a) Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of bloodsucking blackflies and some other dipterous insects. Tsitologiya, 16, 267 - 280. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A03BA2604FFDB12B" box="[343,402,1094,1118]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1974.0">1974</number>
a, frequency of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and lowresolution polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A3E9A24F4C87B1F7" box="[645,744,1129,1154]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA2AB4A25B1BF" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Chubareva &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A093A2A84C54B1D3" box="[511,571,1166,1190]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, B chromosomes, description, low-resolution photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements of diploid and autotriploid): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A284A2974A25B1BF" box="[1000,1098,1201,1226]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA2F34CDFB067" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA2F34CAFB19B" author="Chubareva" box="[199,704,1237,1262]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A., Grinchuk, T. M. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (1974) On the occurrence of triploid individuals in natural populations of bloodsucking blackflies. Tsitologiya, 16, 253 - 255. [In Russian with English summary; the latter excludes the word ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Chubareva, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A03EA2F34CAFB19B" author="Grinchuk" box="[338,704,1237,1262]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A., Grinchuk, T. M. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (1974) On the occurrence of triploid individuals in natural populations of bloodsucking blackflies. Tsitologiya, 16, 253 - 255. [In Russian with English summary; the latter excludes the word ' bloodsucking' present in the Russian title.]" type="journal article" year="1974">
Grinchuk &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3E8A2F04CAFB19B" box="[644,704,1238,1262]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1974.0">1974</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, description of autotriploid, photos of metaphase and polytene complements of autotriploid): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A322A2DF4CDFB067" box="[590,688,1273,1298]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA33B4DBAB02F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Kachvoryan &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A091A3384C56B043" box="[509,569,1310,1334]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1974.0">1974</number>
, comparison with selected species in 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A2B3A3384A20B040" box="[991,1103,1310,1333]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vernum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A2B3A3384A20B040" box="[991,1103,1310,1333]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. vernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; description; photos of all arms, B chromosomes, and metaphase complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A21FA3674DBAB02F" box="[883,981,1345,1370]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA3434D9DB00B" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1010,1381,1406]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA3434D1BB00B" author="Chubareva" box="[199,884,1381,1406]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 c) Karyotypical characters of blackflies of the genus Chelocnetha End. bloodsucking on birds. Tsitologiya, 19, 1042 - 1047. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="c">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A023A3404FE5B00B" box="[335,394,1382,1406]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1977.0">1977</number>
c, idiogram, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A2E9A3434D82B00B" box="[901,1005,1381,1406]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA3AF4ADBB0B3" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA3AF4A27B0B3" author="Kachvoryan" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1978) Morpho-ecological and comparative karyological investigation of related black fly species in the genus Cnetha Enderlein of complex fontium Rubtsov (Diptera, Simuliidae). Doctoral thesis, Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Kiev, Ukraine, 131 pp. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="1978">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A009A3AC4FCFB0D7" box="[357,416,1418,1442]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, comparison with selected species in subgenera 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A286A3AF4AFCB0D7" box="[1002,1171,1417,1442]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Montisimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A286A3AF4AFCB0D7" box="[1002,1171,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Montisimulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A5BBA3AC4B01B0D4" box="[1239,1390,1418,1441]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A5BBA3AC4B01B0D4" box="[1239,1390,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A195A38B4FE8B0B3" box="[249,391,1453,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Chelocnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A195A38B4FE8B0B3" box="[249,391,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Chelocnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
], description, frequency of autotriploidy and B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A53EA38B4ADBB0B3" box="[1106,1204,1453,1478]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA3F74F33B37B" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA3F74C74B09F" author="Chubareva" box="[199,539,1489,1514]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0B3A3F44C74B09F" box="[479,539,1490,1514]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1979.2003">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A195A3D34F33B37B" box="[249,348,1525,1550]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA03F4B02B347" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1389,1561,1586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA03F4A81B347" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,1262,1561,1586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. (1979) Comparative karyological analysis of the representative genera Montisimulium Rubz., Cnetha End. and Chelocnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals.] 118 pp. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 56 - 57. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A033A03C4FF4B347" box="[351,411,1562,1586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, comparison with selected species; photos of ends of IS, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A526A03C4A17B347" box="[1098,1144,1562,1586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFAB6F67A5DFA03C4A89B347" box="[1203,1254,1562,1586]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">IIIL</collectionCode>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A593A03F4B08B347" box="[1279,1383,1561,1586]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA01B4F02B30F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A03EA0184FE1B323" box="[338,398,1598,1622]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A193A0474F08B30F" box="[255,359,1633,1658]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA0A34A2BB3EB" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1092,1669,1694]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA0A34DB7B3EB" author="Chubareva" box="[199,984,1669,1694]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1984) B-chromosomes in bloodsucking blackflies (Simuliidae, Diptera). Genetika, 20, 570 - 578. [In Russian with English summary; the English title omits the word ' bloodsucking'; full English translation in Soviet Genetics 20: 446 - 453.]" type="journal article" year="1984">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0A5A0A04C6AB3EB" box="[457,517,1670,1694]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, notes on and photos of B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A28EA0A34A2BB3EB" box="[994,1092,1669,1694]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA08F4CC3B393" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA08F4D71B3B7" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,798,1705,1730]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]" type="journal article" year="1996">
Kachvoryan, Chubareva, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A089A08C4D71B3B7" author="Petrova" box="[485,798,1705,1730]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Chubareva, L. A., Petrova, N. A. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Frequency changes of B chromosomes in synanthropic species of bloodsucking blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Genetika, 32, 637 - 640. [In Russian with English summary; full English translation in Russian Journal of Genetics, 32, 554 - 557.]" type="journal article" year="1996">
Petrova &amp; Mirumyan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A38EA08F4D71B3B7" box="[738,798,1705,1730]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1996.0">1996</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, photo of B chromosomes, relation of B chromosomes to environment and phenotype): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A326A0EB4CC3B393" box="[586,684,1741,1766]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA0D74B62B27F" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1293,1777,1802]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA0D74CD0B27F" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,703,1777,1802]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Oganesyan, V. S. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Dynamic measurement of genetic structure in populations of the bloodsucking blackfly Cnetha zakhariensis Rubz. In: Artyukhov, V. G., Golub, V. B., Loginovskii, V. D., Negrobov, O. P., Prostakov, N. I. &amp; Shcheglov, D. I. (Eds.), Mezhdunarodnaya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya: Biologicheskie Problemy Ustoichivogo Razvitiya Prirodnykh Ekosistem, 2 [Collected Papers of Biological Problems of Stable Development in Natural Ecosystems, 2.] Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, pp. 135 - 136. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1996">
Kachvoryan, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A032A0D44CD0B27F" author="Oganesyan" box="[350,703,1777,1802]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A., Oganesyan, V. S. &amp; Mirumyan, L. S. (1996) Dynamic measurement of genetic structure in populations of the bloodsucking blackfly Cnetha zakhariensis Rubz. In: Artyukhov, V. G., Golub, V. B., Loginovskii, V. D., Negrobov, O. P., Prostakov, N. I. &amp; Shcheglov, D. I. (Eds.), Mezhdunarodnaya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya: Biologicheskie Problemy Ustoichivogo Razvitiya Prirodnykh Ekosistem, 2 [Collected Papers of Biological Problems of Stable Development in Natural Ecosystems, 2.] Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia, pp. 135 - 136. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1996">
Oganesyan &amp; Mirumyan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A3EFA0D74CD0B27F" box="[643,703,1777,1802]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1996.0">1996</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, relation of B chromosomes to phenotype): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A5C7A0D74B62B27F" box="[1195,1293,1777,1802]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA1304DF6B25B" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,921,1813,1838]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA1304D42B25B" author="Petrova" box="[199,813,1813,1838]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Petrova, N. A. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1997) Spatial and temporal controls on the appearance of B-chromosomes in chironomid and blackfly populations. In: Kuznetsov, S. Yu. &amp; Kuznetsov, N. V. (Eds.), Mesto i rol' Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh v Ekosistemakh [Place and Role of Dipterous Insects in Ecosystems.] Zoologicheskii Institut, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 94 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1997">
Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0A5A1304C6BB25B" box="[457,516,1814,1838]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1997.0">1997</number>
, note on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A25BA1334DF6B25B" box="[823,921,1813,1838]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA11F4DBFB227" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,976,1849,1874]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA11F4D0BB227" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,868,1849,1874]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. &amp; Galustyan, S. B. (1998) Nucleolar polymorphism as a mechanism of evolution of the karytotype of blackflies. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Respublikanskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii, Tezisy Dokladov [Republican Scientific Conference on Zoology, Theses of Lectures.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Armenii, Yerevan, Armenia, p. 65. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1998">
Kachvoryan &amp; Galustyan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A098A11C4C40B227" box="[500,559,1850,1874]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1998.0">1998</number>
, notes on B chromosomes)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A202A11F4DBFB227" box="[878,976,1849,1874]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA17B4A55B203" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1082,1885,1910]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA17B4DA1B203" author="Kachvoryan" box="[199,974,1885,1910]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Kachvoryan, E. A. &amp; Gasparyan, S. G. (1998) Genotypic and phenotypic variability in natural populations of blackflies inhabiting anthropogenic biotopes. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Respublikanskoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii, Tezisy Dokladov [Republican Scientific Conference on Zoology, Theses of Lectures.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Armenii, Yerevan, Armenia, p. 66. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1998">
Kachvoryan &amp; Gasparyan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A097A1784C59B203" box="[507,566,1886,1910]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="1998.0">1998</number>
, notes on general polytene features)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A2B4A17B4A55B203" box="[984,1082,1885,1910]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA1A74DB5B2EF" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,986,1921,1946]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA1A74D03B2EF" author="Chubareva" box="[199,876,1921,1946]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2000) Morphokaryological analysis of five species of blackflies of the genus Cnetha (Diptera: Simuliidae) with description of a new species from the Dzhrvezhsky Canyon of Armenia. Parazitologiya, 34, 470 - 476. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2000">
Chubareva &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A090A1A44C57B2EF" box="[508,568,1922,1946]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFAB6F67A269A1A44D30B2EF" box="[773,863,1921,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="akopi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFAB6F67A269A1A44D30B2EF" box="[773,863,1921,1946]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">S. akopi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A214A1A74DB5B2EF" box="[888,986,1921,1946]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA1834BFCB2CB" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1427,1957,1982]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFAB6F67A1ABA1834B48B2CB" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1319,1957,1982]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2000 a) Ecology and B-chromosomes in blackflies and chironomids (Diptera). In: Hunter, F. F. (Ed.), Black Flies in the New Millennium: an International Meeting of Black Fly Workers, 17 - 21 June 2000. Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, p. 37. [Unpublished document.]" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0A4A1804C6BB2CB" box="[456,516,1958,1982]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2000.0">2000</number>
a, note on long-term ecological changes in B-chromosome frequencies)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A45DA1834BFCB2CB" box="[1329,1427,1957,1982]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFAB6F67A1ABA1EF4A30B297" blockId="73.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[199,1119,1993,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
Kachvoryan &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFAB6F67A0AEA1EC4F91B297" box="[450,510,1994,2018]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" value="2000.0">2000</number>
, note on undifferentiated sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFAB6F67A291A1EF4A30B297" box="[1021,1119,1993,2018]" name="Armenia" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA6B14DF3B5C5" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,924,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA6B14D5FB5C5" author="Chubareva" box="[199,816,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (2001 b) Triploidy in populations of three species of blackflies of the genus Prosimulium Roubaud (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the Kol'sky Peninsula, Krasnoyarsk Region, Tuva and the Pamir. Tsitologiya, 43, 992 - 1000. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2001" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A023A6B14FE5B5C5" box="[335,394,151,176]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2001.0">2001</number>
b, note on frequency of autotriploids)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A256A6B14DF3B5C5" box="[826,924,151,176]" name="Armenia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA69B4AFEB5A0" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1169,188,213]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA69B4C9EB5A1" author="Harutyunova" box="[199,753,188,213]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Harutyunova, M. V., Harutyunova, K. V. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2001) Black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) as convenient test-objects for cytological monitoring. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Tezisy Dokladov Respublikanckoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii [Theses and Lectures of the Republic Scientific Meeting on Zoology.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Respubaiki Armeniya, Yerevan, Armenia, pp. 31 - 32. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="2001">
Harutyunova, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A00BA69B4C9EB5A1" author="Harutyunova" box="[359,753,188,213]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Harutyunova, M. V., Harutyunova, K. V. &amp; Kachvoryan, E. A. (2001) Black flies (Diptera, Simuliidae) as convenient test-objects for cytological monitoring. In: Movsesyan, S. O. (Ed.), Tezisy Dokladov Respublikanckoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii po Zoologii [Theses and Lectures of the Republic Scientific Meeting on Zoology.] Institut Zoologii, Natsional'naya Akademiya Nauk Respubaiki Armeniya, Yerevan, Armenia, pp. 31 - 32. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="2001">
Harutyunova &amp; Kachvoryan (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A3D9A69A4C9EB5A1" box="[693,753,188,212]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2001.0">2001</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A543A69A4AFEB5A0" box="[1071,1169,188,213]" name="Armenia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA6F94F33B468" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A30EA6C64CF1B58D" box="[610,670,224,248]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A195A7224F33B468" box="[249,348,260,285]" name="Armenia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA7014CDAB410" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA7014C22B410" author="Chubareva" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0A8A70E4F91B435" box="[452,510,296,320]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A33AA76A4CDAB410" box="[598,693,332,357]" name="Armenia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1FBA7494F85B4FD" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[151,490,367,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A1FBA7494F63B4FD" box="[151,268,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A1FBA7494F63B4FD" bold="true" box="[151,268,367,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A02FA7564F3CB4FD" box="[323,339,368,392]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1.0">1</number>
’ (Ismagulov)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA7B24B1BB4D8" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1396,404,429]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Ismagulov (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A020A7B24FE8B4D9" box="[332,391,404,428]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1993.0">1993</number>
, notes on general polytene features [only abstract seen]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A54DA7B24A1DB4D8" box="[1057,1138,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A54DA7B24A1DB4D8" box="[1057,1138,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘ 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFA86F64A512A7B24AD1B4D9" box="[1150,1214,404,428]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A5A9A7B24ABCB4D9" box="[1221,1235,404,428]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1.0">1</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A598A7B24B1BB4D8" box="[1268,1396,404,429]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA7914B54B4A5" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1339,439,464]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0A4A79E4C6BB4A5" box="[456,516,440,464]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A2D7A79F4A3DB4A5" box="[955,1106,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A2D7A79F4A3DB4A5" box="[955,1106,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A5E5A79E4AF7B4A5" box="[1161,1176,440,464]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1.0">1</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A5D4A7914B54B4A5" box="[1208,1339,439,464]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1FBA7FA4F85B480" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[151,490,476,501]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A1FBA7FA4F63B480" box="[151,268,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A1FBA7FA4F63B480" bold="true" box="[151,268,476,501]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A02FA7FA4F3AB481" box="[323,341,476,500]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2.0">2</number>
’ (Ismagulov)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA7D94B1BB76D" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1396,511,536]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Ismagulov (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A020A4264FE8B76D" box="[332,391,512,536]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1993.0">1993</number>
, notes on general polytene features [only abstract seen]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A54DA7D94A1DB76D" box="[1057,1138,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A54DA7D94A1DB76D" box="[1057,1138,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘ 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFA86F64A512A4264AD1B762" box="[1150,1214,512,536]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A5A9A4264AB7B76D" box="[1221,1240,512,536]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A598A7D94B1BB76D" box="[1268,1396,511,536]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA4024B54B748" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1339,548,573]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0A4A4024C6BB749" box="[456,516,548,572]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A2D7A4034A3DB749" box="[955,1106,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A2D7A4034A3DB749" box="[955,1106,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A5E5A4024AF3B749" box="[1161,1180,548,572]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A5D4A4024B54B748" box="[1208,1339,548,573]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1FBA4614C09B715" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[151,614,583,608]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A1FBA4614F64B715" box="[151,267,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A1FBA4614F64B715" bold="true" box="[151,267,583,608]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A02FA46E4F3BB715" box="[323,340,584,608]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="3.0">3</number>
’ (Chubareva &amp; Petrova)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA44A4CE0B7DD" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA44A4C7AB7DD" author="Ismagulov" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Ismagulov, A. G. &amp; Chubareva, L. A. (1993) Comparative morpho-karyological analysis of related species of the genus Cnetha End. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh, II [Karyosystematics of Invertebrate Animals, II.] Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp. 82 - 85. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="book chapter" year="1993">
Ismagulov &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A095A44A4C5BB7F1" box="[505,564,620,644]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1993.0">1993</number>
, low-resolution photo of polytene complement, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A012A4A94FA0B7DD" box="[382,463,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A012A4A94FA0B7DD" box="[382,463,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp.’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A34DA4A94CE0B7DD" box="[545,655,655,680]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA4924B49B7B8" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1318,692,717]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0A4A4924C6BB7B9" box="[456,516,692,716]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A2D7A4934A3DB7B9" box="[955,1106,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A2D7A4934A3DB7B9" box="[955,1106,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A5E5A4924AF4B7B9" box="[1161,1179,692,716]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="3.0">3</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A5D4A4924B49B7B8" box="[1208,1318,692,717]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1FBA4F14C09B785" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[151,614,727,752]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A1FBA4F14F63B785" box="[151,268,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A1FBA4F14F63B785" bold="true" box="[151,268,727,752]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A02FA4FE4F3AB785" box="[323,341,728,752]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="4.0">4</number>
’ (Chubareva &amp; Petrova)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA4DA4DB5B64D" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA4DA4DEBB64D" author="Chubareva" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1974 a) Chromosomal polymorphism in natural populations of bloodsucking blackflies and some other dipterous insects. Tsitologiya, 16, 267 - 280. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1974" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A03EA4DA4FE2B661" box="[338,397,764,788]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="1974.0">1974</number>
a, notes on B-chromosome frequency, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and lowmagnification polytene complements; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A3A9A5074D40B64D" box="[709,815,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A3A9A5074D40B64D" box="[709,815,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">E. latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A2E3A5394DB5B64D" box="[911,986,799,824]" name="Russia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA5624A89B628" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" box="[199,1254,836,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFA86F64A1ABA5624AE0B629" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1167,836,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0A4A5624C6BB628" box="[456,516,836,861]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2000.0">2000</number>
b, note on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A2D2A5624A60B628" box="[958,1039,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A2D2A5624A60B628" box="[958,1039,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
gr. 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A555A5624AEBB628" box="[1081,1156,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A555A5624AEBB628" box="[1081,1156,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">latipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A5F7A5624A89B628" box="[1179,1254,836,861]" name="Russia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA5414C2EB6D0" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A087A54E4C48B6F5" box="[491,551,872,896]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A195A5AB4FFFB6D1" box="[249,400,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Nevermannia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A195A5AB4FFFB6D1" box="[249,400,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Nevermannia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp. 
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0ABA5AA4FB5B6D1" box="[455,474,908,932]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="4.0">4</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A09AA5AA4C2EB6D0" box="[502,577,908,933]" name="Russia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFA86F64A1ABA5964A5AB698" blockId="74.[151,1437,151,1005]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">
Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFA86F64A0B0A5894C77B6BD" box="[476,536,943,968]" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, low-magnification photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFA86F64A224A5F24DF6B698" box="[840,921,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Cnetha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFA86F64A224A5F24DF6B698" box="[840,921,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Cnetha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp.’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFA86F64A286A5F24A5AB698" box="[1002,1077,980,1005]" name="Russia" pageId="74" pageNumber="75">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>