168 lines
20 KiB
XML
168 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="A142BAA9B27109CFE4B4FD7897763162" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4048.4.6" ID-GBIF-Dataset="12dd6a18-8481-4dc9-8727-8cfbfc138f7a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237775" ID-ZooBank="FE00B390-0362-42F7-B6F8-67D35141E014" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461348369585" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sinclair, Bradley J." docDate="2015" docId="1F0D87A0FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AE42FCF9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04048p564.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4048 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Asymphyloptera Collin" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="554" masterDocId="E334FFD8FFDEFF81FFFAC367AF58FFA2" masterDocTitle="New World species of Asymphyloptera Collin (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="564" masterPageNumber="553" pageNumber="554" updateTime="1698621086257" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="D2E01825B00462CD8320BFBA26EC16E0">New World species of Asymphyloptera Collin (Diptera: Empididae: Clinocerinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A3C704D59D5B262E578791AFE5CD506D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9C39801080B1A82F2152EB37C5CDF1DC">Sinclair, Bradley J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="25873785A2A457067A8E214A8F79D9F2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2C51179E7CE1860D3C1B9DF79AF7B9C4">
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<mods:date id="F81B88760CB768CDBE15A279CE6C8FFC">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="DE127559A050DA272EC63CE8E6461476" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="A9461061AC719C21CED39DF247E01A75">4048</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="85311ABF876D5B85B3D4497EA62E79C0">4</mods:number>
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<treatment id="1F0D87A0FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AE42FCF9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6113481" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119645585" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6113481" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1F0D87A0FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AE42FCF9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F0D87A0FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AE42FCF9" lastPageNumber="554" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<subSubSection id="DFBE653DFFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AEF6FF10" box="[151,430,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AEF6FF10" blockId="1.[151,430,151,178]" box="[151,430,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<heading id="CC5381DAFFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AEF6FF10" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AEF6FF10" ID-CoL="34RX" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" box="[151,430,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AEF6FF10" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF6DC3F0AE03FF13" bold="true" box="[151,347,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Asymphyloptera</emphasis>
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Collin
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DFBE653DFFDFFF80FF6DC3B9AC6AFE0A" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF6DC3B9AB05FF56" blockId="1.[151,1117,222,244]" box="[151,1117,222,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="B7B41198FFDFFF80FF6DC3B9AB05FF56" box="[151,1117,222,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FF6DC3B9AEAEFF56" ID-CoL="34RX" authority="Collin, 1933: 323" authorityName="Collin" authorityPageNumber="323" authorityYear="1933" box="[151,502,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF6DC3B9AE64FF56" box="[151,316,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Asymphyloptera</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="160510A7FFDFFF80FEB8C3B9AEAEFF56" author="Collin" box="[322,502,222,244]" page="323" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" year="1933">
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FEB8C3B9AE9CFF56" author="Collin" box="[322,452,222,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Collin, J. E. (1933) Empididae. Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 4, 1 - 334." type="journal article" year="1933">Collin, 1933</bibRefCitation>
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: 323
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type-species:
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FD6BC3B8AC3AFF56" ID-CoL="J6TQ" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" box="[657,866,222,244]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="discrepans">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FD6BC3B8AC42FF56" box="[657,794,222,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">A. discrepans</emphasis>
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Collin
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF6DC246AC6AFE0A" blockId="1.[151,1436,289,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF6DC246AE7EFE98" bold="true" box="[151,294,289,314]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Recognition</emphasis>
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. The genus is recognized by its very small size (wing length <
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<quantity id="505C9B53FFDFFF80FBECC246AB2CFE9B" box="[1046,1140,289,314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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), face broad with distinct clypeus, postpedicel globular with long, slender apical extension (
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<figureCitation id="0F9F2A33FFDFFF80FC8FC222AC90FEFC" box="[885,968,325,350]" captionStart="FIGURES 8 – 12" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[170,1402,220,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[166,1420,195,1902]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 8 – 12. Antenna and terminalia of Asymphyloptera, lateral views. 8, A. cajanuma sp. nov., male; 9, A. chilensis sp. nov., male; 10, A. chiricahua sp. nov., antenna; 11, A. chiricahua sp. nov., male; 12, A. chiricahua sp. nov., female. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: cerc—cercus; ej apod—ejaculatory apodeme; epand—epandrium; hypd—hypandrium; ph—phallus; sur—surstylus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237778/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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), mouthparts narrow with palpus elongate and narrowly pointed, appressed to proboscis (
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<figureCitation id="0F9F2A33FFDFFF80FD53C20EADB3FE23" box="[681,747,361,386]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,914,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,914,1720]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1, Habitus of Asymphyloptera chilensis sp. nov., male holotype, prior to drying, mounting and dissection; 2, A. chiricahua sp. nov., female wing; 3, type locality of A. chilensis sp. nov., PN Puyehue, Rio Anticura (photograph G. W. Courtney). Scale bars = 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: plp—palpus; M—medial veins; R—radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237776/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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) and unusual wing venation, where R2+3 is branched and the upper crossvein of cell dm (= base of M2) is absent (
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<figureCitation id="0F9F2A33FFDFFF80FD25C2F7AC7DFE0A" box="[735,805,400,425]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1" captionStartId="1.[151,264,1742,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,914,1720]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,914,1720]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 3. 1, Habitus of Asymphyloptera chilensis sp. nov., male holotype, prior to drying, mounting and dissection; 2, A. chiricahua sp. nov., female wing; 3, type locality of A. chilensis sp. nov., PN Puyehue, Rio Anticura (photograph G. W. Courtney). Scale bars = 1.0 mm. Abbreviations: plp—palpus; M—medial veins; R—radial veins." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237776/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DFBE653DFFDFFF80FF3DC2D1ADE2FE51" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF3DC2D1ADE2FE51" blockId="1.[151,1436,289,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF3DC2D1AE09FE6D" bold="true" box="[199,337,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Description</emphasis>
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. See
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FE69C2D1AD65FE6D" author="Sinclair" box="[403,573,438,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1995) Generic revision of the Clinocerinae (Empididae), and description and phylogenetic relationships of the Trichopezinae, new status (Diptera: Empidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 127, 665 - 752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 127665 - 5" type="journal article" year="1995">Sinclair (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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for full description. The genus can be identified using the key to genera in
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FF6DC2BDAE67FE51" author="Sinclair" box="[151,319,474,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1995) Generic revision of the Clinocerinae (Empididae), and description and phylogenetic relationships of the Trichopezinae, new status (Diptera: Empidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 127, 665 - 752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 127665 - 5" type="journal article" year="1995">Sinclair (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FE8CC2BDADEEFE51" author="Cumming" box="[374,694,474,499]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Cumming, J. M. & Sinclair, B. J. (2009) Empididae (dance flies, balloon flies, predaceous flies) [Chapter] 48. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 653 - 670." type="book chapter" year="2009">Cumming & Sinclair (2009)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="DFBE653DFFDFFF80FF3DC299AE42FCF9" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF3DC299AECFFD05" blockId="1.[151,1436,289,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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||
<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF3DC299AE01FDB5" bold="true" box="[199,345,510,535]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Distribution</emphasis>
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. There are many undescribed species known from Australasia, specifically:
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FB35C299AA6EFDB5" box="[1231,1334,510,535]" name="Australia" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(incl.
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FA7EC298AE39FD99" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadriseta">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FA7EC298AE57FD99" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">A. quadriseta</emphasis>
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Smith
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FE82C144AD75FD99" box="[376,557,546,571]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FDC6C144AD8EFD99" box="[572,726,546,571]" name="New Zealand" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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and Philip Is. (
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FC68C145ACB6FD99" box="[914,1006,546,571]" name="Norfolk Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Norfolk</collectingCountry>
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) (
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FBF2C145ABF0FD99" author="Sinclair" box="[1032,1192,546,571]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1995) Generic revision of the Clinocerinae (Empididae), and description and phylogenetic relationships of the Trichopezinae, new status (Diptera: Empidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 127, 665 - 752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 127665 - 5" type="journal article" year="1995">Sinclair 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). In the New World,
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FF6DC120AE15FDFD" box="[151,333,583,607]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF6DC120AE15FDFD" box="[151,333,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Asymphyloptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FDE3C121AD00FDFD" box="[537,600,582,607]" name="Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Chile</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FD90C120ADB6FDFD" box="[618,750,582,607]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FCFAC121AC29FDFD" box="[768,881,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="563" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominica" status="sp. nov.">
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FCFAC121AC29FDFD" box="[768,881,582,607]" name="Dominica" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Dominica</collectingCountry>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FC79C121ACBAFDFD" box="[899,994,582,607]" name="Ecuador" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FC0EC121AB14FDFD" box="[1012,1100,582,607]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Mexico</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FBA4C12FABCCFDFD" box="[1118,1172,584,607]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Peru</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FB5CC121AA44FDFD" box="[1190,1308,582,607]" name="Venezuela" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FA9EC120AAC4FDFD" box="[1380,1436,583,607]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">USA</collectingCountry>
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(Arizona) (
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<figureCitation id="0F9F2A33FFDFFF80FEEFC10CAE33FD21" box="[277,363,619,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1990,2012]" captionTargetBox="[264,1319,193,1957]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[264,1319,193,1957]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 17. Distribution of Asymphyloptera in the New World." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237780/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
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). The genus is also known from
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<collectingCountry id="EFB37626FFDFFF80FD10C10BAC29FD26" box="[746,881,619,644]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FC78C10CABE1FD21" author="Cumming" box="[898,1209,619,644]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Cumming, J. M. & Sinclair, B. J. (2009) Empididae (dance flies, balloon flies, predaceous flies) [Chapter] 48. In: Brown, B. V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J. M., Wood, D. M., Woodley, N. E. & Zumbado, M. A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 653 - 670." type="book chapter" year="2009">Cumming & Sinclair 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), but the specimens have not be re-located.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="971B36B6FFDFFF80FF3DC1D4AE42FCF9" blockId="1.[151,1436,289,860]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FF3DC1D4AEA7FD6E" bold="true" box="[199,511,691,716]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Phylogenetic relationships</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FDF7C1D4AD9BFD69" box="[525,707,691,715]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Asymphyloptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FDF7C1D4AD9BFD69" box="[525,707,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Asymphyloptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, together with the genera
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FC1FC1D4AB85FD6E" authority="Sinclair" authorityName="Sinclair" box="[997,1245,691,716]" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Afroclinocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FC1FC1D4ABD8FD69" box="[997,1152,691,715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Afroclinocera</emphasis>
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Sinclair
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="50A44D35FFDFFF80FAE9C1D3AF85FD4D" authority="Collin" authorityName="Collin" class="Insecta" family="Empididae" genus="Proagomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A5D0EAA4FFDFFF80FAE9C1D3AAC4FD69" box="[1299,1436,692,715]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="554">Proagomyia</emphasis>
|
||
Collin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the sister group to the remaining clinocerine genera and are confined primarily to the Southern Hemisphere (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FED7C19CAE91FCB6" author="Sinclair" box="[301,457,763,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1995) Generic revision of the Clinocerinae (Empididae), and description and phylogenetic relationships of the Trichopezinae, new status (Diptera: Empidoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 127, 665 - 752. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 127665 - 5" type="journal article" year="1995">Sinclair 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FE2FC19CAD56FCB1" author="Sinclair" box="[469,526,763,787]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (1999) Review of the Clinocerinae of southern Africa (Diptera: Empididae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 40, 103 - 125." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3354B47FFDFFF80FDA9C19CADB4FCB1" author="Sinclair" box="[595,748,763,788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="554" refString="Sinclair, B. J. (2011) Revision of the New Zealand genus Adipsomyia (Diptera: Empidoidea: Brachystomatidae: Trichopezinae), with key to local empidoid family and selected genus groups. The New Zealand Entomologist, 34, 30 - 36. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00779962.2011.9722205" type="journal article" year="2011">Sinclair 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, for discussion of former clinocerine genera). The remaining clinocerine genera appear to have originated in the Northern Hemisphere and only a few have dispersed south of the equator.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |