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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297059" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bb605a32-1722-403b-9e46-bac664e1a8e5" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905143547" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. &amp; Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="A8A1C6926E4F503C2F376CF61F208399" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Cricetidae.955-1189.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Ondatra zibethicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" lastPageNumber="1033" masterDocId="05F3D1847A4743C70A50558FE6B48509" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae" masterLastPageNumber="1189" masterPageNumber="955" pageNumber="1033" updateTime="1716773916032" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="45C717E2595843CD22357602396C5D4D">Order Rodentia - Family Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48A01ED3F4863B1BAABA7904E87EFEEC">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="32BCF56201316E76EA198DADE0B78D64">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A8A1C6926E4F503C2F376CF61F208399" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231522766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A8A1C6926E4F503C2F376CF61F208399" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A8A1C6926E4F503C2F376CF61F208399" lastPageNumber="1033" pageNumber="1033" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000330">
<subSubSection id="CF219D8A3A89FCBA5000F60FA3CFB2CA" pageNumber="1033" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="01B586C290FBD54F7D3BF725C83A8AAF" pageNumber="1033">
<taxonomicName id="72F5D85237786E905AFC0C382DAC4830" ID-CoL="49JSC" authority="(Linnaeus 1766)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethicus">
<emphasis id="BC198B9C963C61B6A300AF1227B9A72E" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra zibethicus</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1766)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="775E0BAA08C2C7E362822E6FA6D2001E" pageNumber="1033" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="736ABF731B3552135AD8FF091123B7C1" pageNumber="1033">
<treatmentCitation id="51707990CDB8517B9D4F3267B68C2590" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="79" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethicus" title="Castor zibethicus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">
<taxonomicName id="EFF0E96E3307D9833CBBF70A08F165ED" ID-CoL="RQPX" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethicus">
<emphasis id="6B51B6DD2D6E9E6A302FC804590B8B6F" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">[Castor] zibethicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="B8808E8D35D91E2969C80DE10CF08757" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus 1766</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<bibCitation id="436779A473A571566D7ECB647020D9A8" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="1033" pagination="79" title="Castor zibethicus" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1: 79</bibCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C46AEF3B328D21AEC086BF079DD1BC1A" pageNumber="1033" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FA39101474EC3B90B1F33D177D13CDA5" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="8359E5EB21477B13D4CB5D21485DD404" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Type Locality:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="063D317985FC64092A34D3CC1BE6B145" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867286727" country="Canada" pageNumber="1033">
E
<collectingCountry id="2797C718053C9B83E6E9477E5348DB17" name="Canada">Canada</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49125BFCD556CB7B2F21A8B8F8C4C28A" pageNumber="1033" type="vernacular_names">
<paragraph id="6FE88110D6CE4E5E42D66B9CBE05A540" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="CD42C081D4D7E639417928E0F371A516" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
<vernacularName id="616492F898D369BDA2285D496F8F465D" language="eng" pageNumber="1033">Common Muskrat</vernacularName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9CF68FB51912CC7B2431CF7E990B799D" pageNumber="1033" type="synonym_list">
<paragraph id="3BBCECBA570B5E421B7B856441AF067E" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="148D0616CE1C1FD0B83802AFDF7AA56B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Synonyms:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4DD053FA73C66A176BCA923E99182215" authority="(Sabine 1823)" baseAuthorityName="Sabine" baseAuthorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albus">
<emphasis id="EDE30C6D8A6678B9DDB9FA535D170D4A" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra albus</emphasis>
(Sabine 1823)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="9F1F99566223B8CE4D6D69E2A60068CA" authority="Tiedemann 1808" authorityName="Tiedemann" authorityYear="1808" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="americana">
<emphasis id="FBCA81D6BF29CE59E84BE6D8B6F8BBF3" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra americana</emphasis>
Tiedemann 1808
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A81F667734DC78F4C0F355B2B42C5B55" authority="(Bangs 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Bangs" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aquilonius">
<emphasis id="EBBF48B262BC5C2BB99C9634836753DF" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra aquilonius</emphasis>
(Bangs 1899)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="FAD092CE3D5F45A1897E33B6EBDDF4C1" authority="Goldman 1932" authorityName="Goldman" authorityYear="1932" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bernardi">
<emphasis id="26E7BB8F15C9B2DD2BB08C0FF179C960" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra bernardi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="985350B3BE63789AD75F2CD909BA1F1C" author="Goldman, E. A." refId="ref122747" refString="Goldman, E. A. 1932. Review of woodrats of Neotoma lepida group. Journal of Mammalogy, 13: 59 - 67." year="1932">Goldman 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="208560EBADC552CE6DC3BBE4538FE325" authority="(Hollister 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinnamominus">
<emphasis id="2B546F094469E12DB391C22BC6C82218" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra cinnamominus</emphasis>
(Hollister 1910)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="A6EEB73ABF84F7F02EB4DFBF551A28A0" authority="(Preble 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Preble" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hudsonius">
<emphasis id="F68265970421E1E9659485F6845836BE" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra hudsonius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4DCD2627894C8FFCB9E8437A27DF66A3" author="Preble, E. A." refId="ref293139" refString="Preble, E. A. 1902. A biological investigation of the Hudson Bay region. North American Fauna, 22: 1 - 140." year="1902">Preble 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="0E90AA8324387ED8E247C0526AEDA078" authority="Huey 1938" authorityName="Huey" authorityYear="1938" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="goldmani">
<emphasis id="5A261A55AFCABBFAC4142857C396B439" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra goldmani</emphasis>
Huey 1938
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="89157F1CB42A7ECAF3CA84074134F5E0" authority="(Richardson 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculosa">
<emphasis id="543907B88251018701BE74AB1C85D910" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra maculosa</emphasis>
(Richardson 1829)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="2DF138F260715110077B3D1D8CE8F34E" authority="(Merriam 1897)" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="C3458F41B16A9B28A05723F62604AC2C" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra macrodon</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DF3C1950B42F4B0B06FA5BFE220037AB" author="Merriam, C. H." refId="ref238343" refString="Merriam, C. H. 1897. The generic names Ictis, Arctogale, and Arctogalidia. Science, 5: 302." year="1897">Merriam 1897</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CC45EDDC88D9D97B4349A0DD58F95279" authority="(Hollister 1910)" baseAuthorityName="Hollister" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mergens">
<emphasis id="1000671AC9180C369509C14F6143A9EC" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra mergens</emphasis>
(Hollister 1910)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="C8F750D5F7E4F28E0B0486B990355E4F" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="A51EF2AD49239D225B37B47321552495" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra niger</emphasis>
(Fitzinger 1867)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="88685811F1954A4F125B05FF188FC98C" authority="(Brass 1911)" baseAuthorityName="Brass" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="4E712B2CC57218E99ED16796BFEAD50D" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra niger</emphasis>
(Brass 1911)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="BB507315F3DC61F0C3668FD0EAD815C0" authority="(Richardson 1829)" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1829" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigra">
<emphasis id="D84BFD120A400A9D672CBD68B02758F1" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra nigra</emphasis>
(Richardson 1829)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8690813601CAAFDC5CA892753028C7E2" authority="(Bangs 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Bangs" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="881E3F90053FA7FBEB654C4940AB9AF7" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra obscurus</emphasis>
(Bangs 1894)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="E6119C3594F598CBD5C20A56947E70CB" authority="(Elliot 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Elliot" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occipitalis">
<emphasis id="4768AAF4749CD61A793B13B21DB062AD" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra occipitalis</emphasis>
(Elliot 1903)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="DAFFD5D49A9C11EA8E3AE420AC4D4136" authority="(Lord 1863)" baseAuthorityName="Lord" baseAuthorityYear="1863" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osoyoosensis">
<emphasis id="99E173029CE2F52D177BA0D7E4518888" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra osoyoosensis</emphasis>
(Lord 1863)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="EDF83A9934834342061B3AD981087A15" authority="(Mearns 1890)" baseAuthorityName="Mearns" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pallidus">
<emphasis id="B7E56A4486CA605ACCE7D77457FE8B42" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra pallidus</emphasis>
(Mearns 1890)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4DF2C7234F9B6EE864574C0116DC8B60" authority="(Bailey 1902)" baseAuthorityName="Bailey" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ripensis">
<emphasis id="6632D34685E4CE9FB4A3D3D90B028398" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra ripensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7E0ED6C7F1E5C8A8D8FCF714104871FC" author="Bailey, V. E." refId="ref17609" refString="Bailey, V. E. 1902. Synopsis of the North American species of Sigmodon. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 15: 101 - 116." year="1902">Bailey 1902</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="5CFE80BE84D9B6A05B1772F604301CB2" authority="(Bangs 1895)" baseAuthorityName="Bangs" baseAuthorityYear="1895" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivalicius">
<emphasis id="63D744D0093101D849279B218B40B34E" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra rivalicius</emphasis>
(Bangs 1895)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="CC2D8D1E22E216F90E749C2F019A8C4E" authority="(Osgood 1900)" baseAuthorityName="Osgood" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
<emphasis id="8777460DF69570C98EB58EA264032C92" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra spatulatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1D062F69BBD6BDA46455BB668948C6CA" author="Osgood, W. H." refId="ref268619" refString="Osgood, W. H. 1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus. North American Fauna, 18: 1 - 73." year="1900">Osgood 1900</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="8027F86BB1701414FE4B6815AF54AA67" authority="(Fitzinger 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Fitzinger" baseAuthorityYear="1867" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="1033" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="varius">
<emphasis id="E4C887A91233D9480653D78B86014EAD" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Ondatra varius</emphasis>
(Fitzinger 1867)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1B3CDC6C997A30B55E96A1EEF7908E66" pageNumber="1033" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9356DEE332AEE77792463FC3E677150B" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="E946607D9E6F12B7F7A403716825EF92" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Distribution:</emphasis>
North America, north to the treeline, including Newfoundland; south to the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="83E98BD0813CFFB6487458E7C9DD161D" name="Mexico">México</collectingCountry>
, Rio Grande and lower Colorado River valleys. Introduced to
<collectingCountry id="A082110433AEE1D763460B9A02444A9A" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
in 1905 and now widespread in the Palearctic, including C and N Europe, most of
<collectingCountry id="767964F9E01B4C955B6B407928B95593" name="Ukraine">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="EEC4ABC3327714F8B293EBDE8FFB3A5F" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
, and Siberia, adjacent parts of
<collectingCountry id="EE43E7EFA5296A3C1E220136A84C6359" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
and scattered throughout
<collectingCountry id="EBDD0753F12D503CD7B0220AE25105BF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
, NE
<collectingCountry id="F688BA7D7F6249DC98FB539C05158BBF" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
, and Honshu Isl,
<collectingCountry id="3949406C547DEE42E06F955264AD712B" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D014E8AFE92800B98BE80ED311AC0126" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995</bibRefCitation>
, for Eurasian range;
<bibRefCitation id="BA311E1A6543DAB08C4BE0FC4C808707" author="Mitchell-Jones, A. J. &amp; G. Amori &amp; W. Bogdanowicz &amp; B. Krystufek &amp; P. J. H. Reijnders &amp; F. Spitzenberger &amp; M. Stubbe &amp; J. B. M. Thissen &amp; V. Vohralik &amp; J. Zima" refId="ref243793" refString="Mitchell-Jones, A. J., G. Amori, W. Bogdanowicz, B. Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, F. Spitzenberger, M. Stubbe, J. B. M. Thissen, V. Vohralik, and J. Zima. 1999. Atlas of European mammals. Academic Press, London, 496 pp." year="1999">Mitchell-Jones et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
, for European range); also into southernmost
<collectingCountry id="FB881B71FB2F00BDCFC27180D53F7057" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C5C229F291B7B5ECF17895EA140CE7D3" author="Galliari, C. A. &amp; U. F. J. Pardinas &amp; F. J. Goin" refId="ref111919" refString="Galliari, C. A., U. F. J. Pardinas, and F. J. Goin. 1996. Lista comentada de los mamiferos Argentinos. Mastozoologia Neotropical, 3 (1): 39 - 61." year="1996">Galliari et al., 1996</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A468E6AFB98435D90ED34ED0E1894E83" author="Olrog, C. C. &amp; M. M. Lucero" refId="ref266569" refString="Olrog, C. C., and M. M. Lucero. 1981. Guia de los mamiferos Argentinos. Ministerio de Cultura y Educacion, San Miguel de Tucuman, 151 pp." year="1981">Olrog and Lucero, 1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EF8D6791434B5F0DB5182CE9666E7595" pageNumber="1033" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="389B1838A50BC254E7A6CB22AA4C6FAD" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="6F06721954F673C0D41AB29A53244B5F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Conservation:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="18F47416C6AD63A4DAFAB117D9757982">IUCN</collectionCode>
Data Deficient as
<emphasis id="F5A23725519FB9269F52F1723943A12D" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">
O. z.
<taxonomicName id="704C223351F25BABCF3C9DF489A71343" baseAuthorityName="Bailey" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ripensis">ripensis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
, otherwise Lower Risk (lc).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="611522603F303DB2666DF0E110978AAE" pageNumber="1033" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3CB0912B5B4B338933B6E31AFEEF67C5" pageNumber="1033">
<emphasis id="34A2E4AB91DF7703399433DABF35BB4B" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="1033">Discussion:</emphasis>
<paragraph id="2FDF2C4DA2A04791F0E6713E5978B8CC" pageNumber="1033">
Subspecific classification revised, under the name
<taxonomicName id="F4C330D8783C92E9183A03B162A5C66D" authorityName="G. Cuvier" authorityYear="1800" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Fiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1C3D1D74D8FBEF6834808993EDB1F630" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">Fiber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by
<bibRefCitation id="9B351DCCDE3993EE7DCBC63AB03196AB" author="Hollister, N." refId="ref156807" refString="Hollister, N. 1911. A systematic synopsis of the muskrats. North American Fauna, 32: 1 - 47." year="1911">Hollister (1911)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="70B323D611855D4FBB859431D66B9514" author="Whitaker, J. O., Jr. &amp; W. J. Hamilton, Jr." refId="ref388422" refString="Whitaker, J. O., Jr., and W. J. Hamilton, Jr. 1998. Mammals of the eastern United States. Third Edition. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 583 pp." year="1998">Whitaker and Hamilton (1998)</bibRefCitation>
regarded
<taxonomicName id="3655D2A05C14102309A889310B37EF8B" baseAuthorityName="Merriam" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrodon">
<emphasis id="2FA9F7D872A3E08E37B44A430D96756A" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">macrodon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as inseparable from
<emphasis id="297DB930732B62E1422AC314A7FAE385" italics="true" pageNumber="1033">
O. z.
<taxonomicName id="1545A46301414FA918EA4978397D99DB" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Castoridae" genus="Castor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethicus">zibethicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. Comprehensive summaries of systematics, ecology, population biology, and economic status provided by
<bibRefCitation id="6A37F4F38022512FDA36F6202617DDB4" author="Pietsch, M." refId="ref286293" refString="Pietsch, M. 1982. Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) -- Bisamratte, Bisam. Pp. 177 - 192, in Handbuch der Saugetiere Europas (J. Niethammer and F. Krapp, eds.), vol. 2 / I. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft (Wiesbaden), 649 pp." year="1982">Pietsch (1982)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A667A0464D2E2D8A5F2C257C0336F22A" author="Perry, H. R., Jr." refId="ref281157" refString="Perry, H. R., Jr. 1982. Muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus and Neofiber alleni). Pp. 282 - 325, in Wild mammals of North America (J. A. Chapman and G. A. Feldhammer, eds.). Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1147 pp." year="1982">Perry (1982)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="4AF373D45F67ACD2D2B5DF83067D4D07" author="Sokolov, V. E. &amp; N. P. Lavrov" refId="ref333503" refString="Sokolov, V. E., and N. P. Lavrov (eds.). 1993. [Species of the fauna of the USSR and the contiguous countries. The muskrat: Morphology, systematics, ecology.] Nauka Publishers, Moscow, 542 pp. (in Russian with English summary and table of contents)." year="1993">Sokolov and Lavrov (1993)</bibRefCitation>
. Correlation between masticatory muscles and cranial architecture monographed by
<bibRefCitation id="EBE025DD4BE0D4A13B50FF982F832F95" author="Van Vendeloo, N. H." refId="ref367104" refString="Van Vendeloo, N. H. 1953. On the correlation between the masticatory muscles and the skull structure in the muskrat, Ondatra zibethica (L.). I and II. Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Proceedings. Series C, Biological and Medical Sciences, 56: 116 - 127 and 265 - 277." year="1953">Vendeloo (1953)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation id="4AEE2BCB9C0EFAA4B9DEF506A09D70DB" author="Viriot, L. &amp; J. Chaline &amp; A. Schaaf &amp; E. Le Boulenge" refId="ref373404" refString="Viriot, L., J. Chaline, A. Schaaf, and E. Le Boulenge. 1993. Ontogenetic change of Ondatra zibethicus (Arvicolidae, Rodentia) cheek teeth analyzed by digital image processing. Pp. 373 - 391, in Morphological change in Quaternary mammals of North America (R. A. Martin and A. D. Barnosky, eds.). Cambridge University Press, London, 415 pp." year="1993">Viriot et al. (1993)</bibRefCitation>
used digital imaging to analyze molar ontogeny and wear effects in extant samples; the technique may quantitatively refine the evolutionary chronocline as traced in the stratigraphic record (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="0DF68A2AC75E922BC0CB6C2E5C9CCE17" author="Chaline, J. &amp; P. Brunet-Lecomte &amp; S. Montuire &amp; L. Viriot &amp; F. Courant" refId="ref57204" refString="Chaline, J., P. Brunet-Lecomte, S. Montuire, L. Viriot, and F. Courant. 1999. Anatomy of the arvicoline radiation (Rodentia): Palaeogeographical, palaeoecological history and evolutionary data. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 36: 239 - 267." year="1999">Chaline et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<collectionCode id="209B3730AF953520EB552AD013237653" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile">R</collectionCode>
. A.
<bibRefCitation id="5341AC4B5AA5EA33EC53BA7B84FD65E4" author="Martin, R. A." refId="ref227246" refString="Martin, R. A. 1996. Dental evolution and size change in the North American muskrat: Classification and tempo of a presumed phyletic sequence. Pp. 431 - 457, in Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic mammals: Tributes to the career of C. S. (Rufus) Churcher (K. M. Stewart and K. L. Seymour, eds.). University of Toronto Press, Toronto, xxxi + 675 pp." year="1996">Martin, 1996</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF47EE0A4D38EC2D6F62905296737BA9" pageNumber="1033">
History of introductions, mostly for fur farming, and early population spread in Eurasia and
<collectingCountry id="D43897730273E8AEF24789592C7335FC" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
reviewed by
<bibRefCitation id="1B403D79F21580C256637B8E254118CD" author="Storer, T. I." refId="ref341972" refString="Storer, T. I. 1937. The muskrat as native and alien. Journal of Mammalogy, 18: 443 - 460." year="1937">Storer (1937)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="571F90FDDC9D75F25CBF5585AE738304" author="Willner, G. R." refId="ref390410" refString="Willner, G. R. 1984. Muskrat. Pp. 268 - 272, in Evolution of domesticated animals (I. L. Mason, ed.). Longman Group Limited, London and New York, 452 pp." year="1984">Willner (1984)</bibRefCitation>
. Recent faunal studies—including records of introduction, distribution, and population expansion—collectively underscore the muskrats pervasive exploitation of Eurasian aquatic habitats:
<collectingCountry id="46BE24EEC00E13DD7CFFAC0AA188144F" name="Netherlands">Netherlands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0C17E14079C8F60C3462094FE41E246E" author="Hoeve, R. &amp; L. C. Wijlaars" refId="ref154622" refString="Hoeve, R., and L. C. Wijlaars. 1992. Muskrat, Ondatra zibethicus (L., 1766). Pp. 250 - 255, in Atlas van de Nederlandse Zoogdieren (S. Broekhuizen, B. Hoekstra, V. van Laar, C. Smeenk, and J. B. M. Thissen, eds.). Stichting Uitgeverij Koninklije Nederlandse Natuurhistorische Vereniging, Utrecht, 336 pp." year="1992">Hoeve and Wijlaars, 1992</bibRefCitation>
); Sumava Mtn region,
<collectionCode id="911C35A8783CA0BF18C45FA3BD55FFB7">SW</collectionCode>
<collectingCountry id="488CCF6429BBE2F82685405F6299568B" name="Czech Republic">Bohemia</collectingCountry>
(Andĕra and Červený, 1994);
<collectingCountry id="3EDF812BC1973D358952A75943CBE799" name="Switzerland">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="639191CFA58B2774514FCB6E223D1555" author="Hausser, J." refId="ref142872" refString="Hausser, J. 1995. Saugetiere der Schweiz. Verbreitung. Biologie. Okologie. Birkhauser Verlag: Basel, 501 pp." year="1995">Hausser, 1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="DC1859AFC4B4CD571F0BC5A48367F7AB" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="B059AB13CFA146659E38609D91D65759" author="Amori, G. &amp; F. M. Angelici &amp; L. Boitani" refId="ref7666" refString="Amori, G., F. M. Angelici, and L. Boitani. 1999. Mammals of Italy: A revised checklist of species and subspecies (Mammalia). Senckenbergiana biologica, 79 (2): 271 - 286." year="1999">Amori et al., 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="698AF9FDAE4A1DB5BBBAA130184E6B82" author="Andreotti, A. &amp; N. Baccetti &amp; A. Perfetti &amp; M. Besa &amp; P. Genovesi &amp; V. Guberti" refId="ref10185" refString="Andreotti, A., N. Baccetti, A. Perfetti, M. Besa, P. Genovesi, and V. Guberti. 2001. Mammiferi e uccelli esotici in Italia: Analisi del fenomeno, impatto sulla biodiversita e linee guida gestionali. Quaderni Di Conservazione Della Natura, 2, Ministero dell'Ambiente Servizio Conservazione Natura-Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica &quot; A. Ghigi &quot;, 189 pp." year="2001">Andreotti et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="E49916AF04EF378347C810DD3C2C2DE4" name="Slovakia">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
(Mošanský, 1994; Stanko and Mošanský, 2000);
<collectingCountry id="4B25740719764CB47C8954FD4550BC69" name="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
(Šmaha, 1996);
<collectingCountry id="451E70FCDB945DAEC042E56FEDEF5E70" name="Serbia">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DBF698FED6A8F912031DD53B8BBB577D" author="Petrov, B. M." refId="ref283163" refString="Petrov, B. M. 1992. Mammals of Yugoslavia. Insectivores and rodents. Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Supplement 37: 1 - 186." year="1992">Petrov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="EF3A9D2E77AF54BF9F4114A037FCE12D" name="Slovenia">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
(Kryštufek, 1991); E Baltic region (
<bibRefCitation id="DB272B04E7018282D4C1D2B5FCADAD75" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241590" refString="Miljutin, A. 1997. Ecomorphology of the Baltic rodents: Body form, ecological strategies and adaptive evolution. Folia Theriologica Estonica, 3: 1 - 111." year="1997">Miljutin, 1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0B3EBC59599BBA10CEB9E641B42C7B0C" author="Miljutin, A." refId="ref241621" refString="Miljutin, A. 1998. Ecological strategies of the Baltic rodents. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, Section B, 52 (1 / 2): 20 - 30." year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="754B1096890E5BEDE43A5648DB073D5C" author="Timm, U. &amp; V. Pilats &amp; L. Balciauskas" refId="ref356772" refString="Timm, U., V. Pilats, and L. Balciauskas. 1998. Mammals of the East Baltic. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B, 52 (594 / 595): 1 - 9." year="1998">Timm et al., 1998</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="DB6BEAA8B4942AC090D09C0DF4E659B3" name="South Korea">Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="F7F42012E92A9674F2D2BF859D8D1911" author="Won, C. &amp; K. G. Smith" refId="ref393193" refString="Won, C., and K. G. Smith. 1999. History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29 (1): 3 - 33." year="1999">Won and Smith, 1999</bibRefCitation>
); Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus in Lake Baikal (
<bibRefCitation id="CE6CAA78F9D9E6D45EA0A13D055D9EFF" author="Reiter, A. &amp; M. Andreas &amp; P. Benda &amp; M. Lipa &amp; P. Wolf" refId="ref301451" refString="Reiter, A., M. Andreas, P. Benda, M. Lipa, and P. Wolf. 1995. Mammalian fauna of the Svjatoj Nos peninsula and isthmus, the Baikal Lake, Russia. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 59: 209 - 225." year="1995">Reiter et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingRegion id="93A4DD6EA810D943CDB0DBB73AD49067" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka">Kamchatka region</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="D8230F67039A505972F72EBAB0ED56C7" author="Nikanorov, A. P." refId="ref261117" refString="Nikanorov, A. P. 2000. [Class Mammalia-Mammals.] Pp. 100 - 110, in [Catalog of Vertebrates of Kamchatka and adjacent waters] (R. W. Moiseev and A. Tokronov, eds.). Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatskiy Petchatniy Dvor, 166 pp. (in Russian with English summary)." year="2000">Nikanorov, 2000</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="692A05A57570A10C5B4C16206C709324" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
and adjacent regions (
<bibRefCitation id="83AC11573F80E782C121E2C806DA2268" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" refId="ref130294" refString="Gromov, I. M., and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. [The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and Rodents.] Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological Institut, St. Petersburg, 520 pp." year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva, 1995</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="1959DDFBE526E7712F22CA58049391CF" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="3FBBC214A6C8D7727B376147814A4ED5" author="Zhang, Y. &amp; S. Jin &amp; G. Quan &amp; S. Li &amp; Z. Ye &amp; F. Wang &amp; M. Zhang" refId="ref405616" refString="Zhang, Y., S. Jin, G. Quan, S. Li, Z. Ye, F. Wang, and M. Zhang. 1997. Distribution of mammalian species in China. China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 280 pp." year="1997">Zhang et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
); and
<collectingCountry id="2765E1612BD1FA4A8965D3A1B7544108" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1D3C9B9348769D60D537EA1133C8CEE7" author="Kaneko, Y." refId="ref179857" refString="Kaneko, Y. 1994. [Muridae.] Pp. 90 - 110 and 168 - 183, in A pictorial guide to the mammals of Japan (H. Abe, N. Ishii, Y. Kaneko, K. Maeda, S. Miura, and M. Yoneda, eds.). Tokai University Publication, Tokyo, 195 pp. (In Japanese)." year="1994">Kaneko, 1994</bibRefCitation>
). See
<bibRefCitation id="DDEDB2F7AD95331BCAD8FFCDBC7DAF52" author="Willner, G. R. &amp; G. A. Feldhamer &amp; E. E. Zucker &amp; J. A. Chapman" refId="ref390454" refString="Willner, G. R., G. A. Feldhamer, E. E. Zucker, and J. A. Chapman. 1980. Ondatra zibethicus. Mammalian Species, 141: 1 - 8." year="1980">Willner et al. (1980</bibRefCitation>
, Mammalian Species, 141)
</paragraph>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>