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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="27204" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24a59115-8f7d-4eba-bb3f-a8b350b196ce" ID-PMC="PMC3174439" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-4-109" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFD9FFE2FF9AFFAA7B4F4E25C27F8F50" ID-PubMed="22171184" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576073" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1314-2003-4-109" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" ModsDocTitle="Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands" checkinTime="1555332275420" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, Warren L. &amp; Lorence, David H." docDate="2011" docId="A898A19E7D5B0509CB34906028275FBA" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 4: 109-124" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600" docTitle="Coprosma esulcata Fosberg, Brittonia 8: 178. 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="FFD9FFE2FF9AFFAA7B4F4E25C27F8F50" lastPageNumber="113" masterDocId="FFD9FFE2FF9AFFAA7B4F4E25C27F8F50" masterDocTitle="Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands" masterLastPageNumber="124" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="112" updateTime="1732753415411" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="877459F07AA9683FF34CF86638495AA7">Revision of Coprosma (Rubiaceae, tribe Anthospermeae) in the Marquesas Islands</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6195F373ADF79E34B4B55143D303E312" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AC77E6798E6211AE7F9EC8FBD2017180">
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<mods:namePart id="4256D2FAA5C8C1CD5F33C611FB4BC30A">Wagner, Warren L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="797D8CBD2B1CEF08065FEDD5506A177D">Lorence, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="82B46897C8AB1B64BC396C2A4D978E12">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="216C7325DC2700163E04B068B1DBE269">
<mods:date id="519E41220040843CA3CCF3D19A20E68E">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E254CEB94EAE679228B6ABF533896143">4</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="12A0C60597EF47EC1833DD99DBE4402C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DD06F7C422882D531D0A46391481362C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="CC95D33490BDD9FDD2FBE87CF3C3B13B" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.4.1600</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5C95C6EA336876F15898759B42E375CC" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-4-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="18F66DD3768339C8ADAB246CDA71AD73" type="Zenodo-Dep">576073</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="A898A19E7D5B0509CB34906028275FBA" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201643" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A898A19E7D5B0509CB34906028275FBA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A898A19E7D5B0509CB34906028275FBA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" scope_family="Rubiaceae">
<subSubSection id="0A09F87C0C915C7E4394C2A5E8F0F743" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="B75CD4ED9441EC0E27E80B9E9E016309" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="4ECF7B67955CBAFB5305651DD86F58ED" LSID="FDC3453E-8333-5C09-9567-CB2CF039DCA0" authority="(F. Br.) Fosberg, Brittonia 8: 178. 1956." class="Rosopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coprosma esulcata" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="esulcata">Coprosma esulcata (F. Br.) Fosberg, Brittonia 8: 178. 1956.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F42FFC00B5660A6189B28BFFB3631A7A" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="3FB801FE6FDE2DD8BECAD03633864072" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<taxonomicName id="B7FF97E03EDD8BD2ACF3D3E15D12B85F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Psychotria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esulcata">Psychotria esulcata</taxonomicName>
F. Br. (Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 130: 315. 1935). [Basionym]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="257FC5D38D83E26F3D48610413801D3D" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="type">
<paragraph id="F84C1620D5287934BAF731A6737E1637" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="976DF663EF0C75D7DF0BBC85FDAC1490" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="279A8A071FB3182296238738E1A394E1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Marquesas Islands</emphasis>
: Ua Pou: Without further locality, 1000 m, 1921, E. Qualye 1136(holotype: BISH-578803!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C5625066F5B4C8DA6D1E0892123A788" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112" type="description">
<paragraph id="B7739FE1068110C2C1C483DCC2D9CB2F" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FAC2C91425D8AB48A41E7BC89ED7D72E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="113" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">
<emphasis id="56B0FF3C55B719FD10D798A1BE2B5058" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Shrub or small tree</emphasis>
1.5-4 m tall; young stems glabrous.
<emphasis id="A84E91B7CFC8264CB6531BCA88E5B6F5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="112">Leaves</emphasis>
decussate, thick-coriaceous, blades 6.5-13
<normalizedToken id="FC4DCFC06B68E45216F4B414207DC420" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.7-6 cm, ellipticoblanceolate, pinnately veined with 8-18 pairs of secondary veins, higher level venation conspicuously reticulate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface strigose along the veins, midrib broad, with a narrow wing, domatia small or sometimes apparently absent, located along midrib near juncture of secondary veins, apex acuminate, base cuneate; petioles 0.4-1.3 cm
<pageBreakToken id="0786B71B64A43AFE8AEC5235A03EF289" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
, stout, narrowly winged; stipules ca. 3-8 mm long, connate 1/2-4/5 of length, both surfaces glabrous, margins ciliate with reddish brown hairs and dentate with conspicuous colleters, apex obtuse to a conspicuous appendage.
<emphasis id="B916F823FA83C4B6E939F56D5A8F42A5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Inflorescences</emphasis>
axillary with 6(-15) flowers, trichotomously branched, with 1-3 nodes, the uppermost with a 3-flowered cymule, the others with usually only 1-2 flowers developing on each, these 5-6-merous, peduncles finely, sparsely strigulose.
<emphasis id="81C00723BD484BCAEA8EC317ECD6E6C4" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Flowers:</emphasis>
male flowers with calyx campanulate, ca. 2 mm long, the tube 1 mm long, the lobes 1 mm long, corolla 6-7 mm long, the tube 5 mm long, the lobes ca. 2 mm long, staminal filaments 7 mm long; female flowers with peduncles 2-3 mm long, calyx tubular, 0.4-0.8 mm long, corolla narrowly funnelform, the tube 1.8-2 mm long, the lobes 1.4-1.8 mm long, the styles 9-11 mm long.
<emphasis id="5466770F3A74EF8BB7F76FC5C17559D0" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Fruits</emphasis>
ca. 6-7 mm long
<normalizedToken id="BC8A0B5D6E86E94F44A54F791D04387F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3 mm wide, obovoid-elliptic, ripening bright red or reddish orange, apex with persistent calyx teeth.
<emphasis id="5494DB0BF1BC35E3B41439FA6D6B4044" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Pyrenes</emphasis>
obovoid-ellipsoid, ca 4 mm long
<normalizedToken id="D072E90833768AC3496BEDBCF61BCF30" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-3 mm wide hemispherical in cross-section, smooth, heavily slerified on the edges and on the flat inner face, thin on convex side.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C0FE50C626724E0FEC1BDEF8D263148" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="BE93B80E238A989BA1FBE28FA352C126" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="42188F0125528E865799AD2402ADCA20" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Marquesas Islands, scattered to locally common on Ua Pou and a single collection known from Nuku Hiva.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="227D5164A637841A0FA8E28802ABE80D" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="C488B25DDF7E7BD2C640B46ECF716215" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="67169D082D370591821DF223EBD68530" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
This species is known from 770 to 920 m elevations on steep slopes or ridges in cloud-shrouded shrubland and wet forest dominated by
<taxonomicName id="D2567EEC618454685FC12A01753AC687" authorityName="B. C. Stone" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Hombr. &amp; Jacquinot ex Decne." class="Monocotyledoneae" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Freycinetia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="impavida">
<emphasis id="4F7F1A699BF9BF61410E729D007B2011" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Freycinetia impavida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Gaudich. ex Hombr.) B. C. Stone
<emphasis id="A0AD9F9B3924002353D0506BFA9687EB" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">, Pandanus tectorius</emphasis>
Parkinson, and
<taxonomicName id="921965ABC039A6DCF6345097462F92D7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="collina">
<emphasis id="5DE769DC5668A11C7AD86559CA26D224" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Metrosideros collina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(J. R. Forst. &amp; G. Forst.) A. Gray.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A83E24E55FCE86A1A252C28854F1EFBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="specimens examined">
<paragraph id="E424F94EECA6A4C085B0B616EABD5408" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4C3D5DF70BAC573A4612716C90F25BDB" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<emphasis id="47AFDE67455785C0FFA96BC2253DBA45" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Marquesas Islands:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="788A6CD5304CE7284E7C6B61AEDF5CD9" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Nuku Hiva.</emphasis>
between Taiohae Bay and Hooumi Bay, 900 m,
<emphasis id="A3CFD995C595855E34BB2DC99B4B9D5E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
<normalizedToken id="957D9BD28159977B6F46C4A1076CA61E" originalValue="Gagné">Gagne</normalizedToken>
1159
</emphasis>
(BISH, US).
<emphasis id="B3A96F2E050E4E31D5292C93C5981632" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Ua Pou:</emphasis>
Teavaituhai, 3000 ft, Mumford &amp; Adamson 642 (BISH), Meyer 2835(PTBG, US); Teavahaakiti, steep slopes of main ridge to S of Oave, N &amp; E facing cliffs between Teavahaakiti &amp; Tekohepu, 2700 ft, Perlman &amp; Wood 15905 (PTBG), 2550 ft, Perlman &amp; Wood 15922 (PTBG, WU); Matahenua, between Oave and Poutetainui, high mountain peaks along main backbone ridge, 899 m, Perlman &amp; Wood 19079(P, PAP, PTBG, US); forested ridge and slopes up to Teavahaakiti, northwest side, 914 m, Wood 10440 (PAP, PTBG, US), Wood 10446 (PTBG, US); central Ua Pou including the summit crest regions around Oave and the near-by peak of Matahenua., 2950-3030 ft, [09°23'454&quot;S, 140°04'433&quot;W], Wood &amp; Perlman 10802 (PAP, PTBG, US); Tekohepo, summit, 2500-3000 ft, [
<geoCoordinate id="58F8FBEC2DEED985DCCBC1DA2DDC7947" degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-9.40861">09°24'31&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="07E4CA0A8E6EDAF3CEBEFF2B50FDA532" degrees="140" direction="west" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-140.0725">140°04'21&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
], Wood &amp; Perlman 6487 (PAP, PTBG), Wood &amp; Perlman 6492 (PTBG).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3F0D146B2EB3DA05C6CF299CB106DE52" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="0C8EF0A4CB9A3F5E5A6E567AAFC05ECC" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E660E557553EDA0A8291230999CF3EEB" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">
Following the criteria and categories of IUCN (2001) it is assigned a preliminary status of
<emphasis id="E1DC61C00896B773AE93E0BAA0E124B6" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Endangered</emphasis>
(EN): B1, B2b (
<normalizedToken id="4390CCDA46E60C4FFF7E9B7B2321776A" originalValue="iiii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
): B1 extent of occurrence &lt;5,000 km²; B2: total area of occupancy less than 500 km² (c. 50 km²); B2b (
<normalizedToken id="F03227CC90F3D8BC71DC55E33B4645D9" originalValue="iiii">i-iii</normalizedToken>
), habitat continuing decline inferred in (i) extent of occurrence, (ii) areas of occupancy, and area, (iii) extent and/or quality of habitat. The suitable habitat for
<taxonomicName id="606274423AC4F341395085D579CA1738" class="Rosopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Coprosma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="113" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="esulcata">
<emphasis id="11745E1C6C57206C410209E00DB97624" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="113">Coprosma esulcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Nuku Hiva (c. 340 km²) and Ua Pou (c. 105 km²) is indicated as an endangered environment, threatened by human activity (deforestation and fire), feral animals, and invasive plants, reducing the extent of the forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>