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<document id="D36C75C8807EB49AFCC4E658DAC506F0" ID-CLB-Dataset="25752" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9531c65c-9f63-4bac-a2d5-93e6677f1cb0" ID-PMC="PMC3088341" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-59-15" ID-PubMed="21594193" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-59-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 59" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus" checkinTime="1451250966682" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M. &amp; Koponen, Seppo" docDate="2010" docId="4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 59: 15-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 59" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.59.508" docTitle="Tmeticus Menge 1868" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="E41FFFADC02C1141FFC8FFB03F0BFF97" masterDocTitle="A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1732747098238" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="890D05FA508EC7B962A0D03735C56EF6">A review of the Holarctic genus Tmeticus Menge, 1868 (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a description of a new genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A2ED6CD1320592AA085455957EBFE614">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359994" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4FE5144D5B035D02D8497C058D42A752" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" scope_family="Linyphiidae" scope_order="Araneae">
<subSubSection id="29F754CD89886A705E540747CE40F061" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2BA4698372390C3B385F56028BB508E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="81ED48B9BBA7A4BD1978E86C96ED80FC" ID-CoL="7XCY" authority="Menge, 1868" authorityName="Menge" authorityYear="1868" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus Menge, 1868</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B36EFEFAB43937FCFBC3C77F9B594FDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="type species">
<paragraph id="3B3D9EF82449BA44F4786A53095A19A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9B2BD1E3E40AF6781BA038779813E735" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="CBFEC881D65BB3CAD76942579C5D9517" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus leptocaulis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leptocaulis">Tmeticus leptocaulis</taxonomicName>
Menge, 1868 (=
<taxonomicName id="8605DBC1DBCF6A4A405E8E4C65915F39" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1855)).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CFD8A724CA2F081B2902486A21826826" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="0012D13A9235B20382DBCEEC013AD220" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D6F62F34887DFC4565FDE82F335A8704" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="0" pageNumber="15">
Males of this genus are easily recognized by possessing a mastidion (large tooth on frontal part of chelicera) and by their elongate palp with patella longer than cymbium, ventral terminal tooth on patella, and thin bulbus (as wide as terminal part of tibia).
<pageBreakToken id="9510308906A358D63FFBAF41893D0C0D" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" start="start">Females</pageBreakToken>
are recognized by their flat epigyne without a cavity. Males may be confused only with the trans-Palaearctic
<taxonomicName id="33C1BFB4D99EB7E4EF540404DBC2FE5D" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes graminicola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola">Hylyphantes graminicola</taxonomicName>
(Sundevall, 1830) because it also has a mastidion and a patellar tooth. However, the males of
<taxonomicName id="24CA04FA324797AED0548BEA84D7156A" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hylyphantes</taxonomicName>
have shorter palp, undivided embolic division and screw-like embolus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3DC2B8550D1700B70064903C82ACC830" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The females of
<taxonomicName id="B484EF62461D2B475CD646FA19A2F244" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
may be confused with those of several genera, such as
<taxonomicName id="5192946FCE20CB40021B535309EA15AD" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
Bertkau, 1883 or with
<taxonomicName id="3D66F399B5FD3F4C50778AA9ADDA16A3" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
(Thorell, 1875). However,
<taxonomicName id="0DC00AFB0532205ABB224B3095F78E0C" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
females have a different colour pattern, and
<taxonomicName id="F7E18AF690A3EE6FE6DEF11977AD0FE4" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
is notably larger.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4CBEB38B468ED7D3DD04375A83C30267" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="description">
<paragraph id="A4227BC8A4B7D78458079106797EE316" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5BCAB0494DC7A80A6E5EC8340B7A1694" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Small to medium-sized (2.5-4.1), light to dark-coloured erigonines. Male carapace unmodified and without sulci, it may be uniformly coloured or with a darker cephalic region. Abdomen unmodified, dark, of uniform colour. Male chelicera modified by possessing a mastidion (Ma, promarginal tooth). Maxilla with apical-retrolateral spine. Tibial spines 2-2-1-1. TmIV present. TmI 0.65-0.8. Male palp elongate. Femur, patella and tibia longer than wide. Patella with conical, ventral terminal tooth (Tt). Tibia with two apophyses (Ta). Paracymbium large, with or without (
<taxonomicName id="4F72F5CFF2DB479720F56F866B34A04E" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
) distinct apical pocket. Tegulum with distinct sac (Ts) and large (
<taxonomicName id="EED7DCEA064E0A829202F335104E5F00" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
) or small protegulum (Pt). Radix with straight apical process (Ap), tailpiece (Tp) without extension, embolus (Em) short and straight, or long and forming a semicircle; embolic membrane (Me) large. Epigyne without distinct fovea or openings. Median (=dorsal, sensu Hormiga 2002) plate plain or with ridges.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="16A873B7ECB2790DE95756C11082AB07" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="composition">
<paragraph id="517602B0A0FC75842B24EC259D47738A" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Composition.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="658DE19300EB67B6863291AC7C313779" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
According to
<normalizedToken id="99D6D06596D3FFAB76BC0DA3F269F656" originalValue="Platnick’s">Platnick's</normalizedToken>
(2010) catalogue eight species are listed in this genus:
<taxonomicName id="54C5915C369A6AB3DE8743548F03775A" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1855) (Holarctic),
<taxonomicName id="334B8854F44BB9EE998E0CC2C06D7CF3" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus bipunctis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctis">Tmeticus bipunctis</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="C95486E7C63B0E5B74B05886770046F4" originalValue="Bösenberg">Boesenberg</normalizedToken>
&amp; Strand, 1906) (Far East Asia),
<taxonomicName id="7A545D2F776ADAA8F0A3A8D5EA8A95BD" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus neserigonoides" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neserigonoides">Tmeticus neserigonoides</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan),
<taxonomicName id="BBD33E4687B83EB44F1E5BBE8C091D36" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigerrimus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigerrimus">Tmeticus nigerrimus</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan),
<taxonomicName id="DC11E1DEE7B65D8E80CED4BA6110F3FF" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="FFA6E46518672625D64100D88BBEE4C4" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1916) (Northern Siberia),
<taxonomicName id="36495C88EB3F80C3B5E8245634CE40CF" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
(Emerton, 1914) (USA &amp; Canada),
<taxonomicName id="51308A912955C0B6A16B144C80C59843" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="5E97D65B308FF34599EF682744BD58D0" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1908 (Siberia) and
<taxonomicName id="0870F9887E24EEAD36F56DF3AEC4E871" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus vulcanicus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulcanicus">Tmeticus vulcanicus</taxonomicName>
Saito &amp; Ono, 2001 (Japan). In fact, there are three more species names within this genus:
<taxonomicName id="501A7ED9D239693ACD10FC43129BC561" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus difficilis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">Tmeticus difficilis</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="7E6488E578E3477FD06329E64D0501EE" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1926,
<taxonomicName id="F70EE87B5BE917F5A8F3566EF07CF34D" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus dubius" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dubius">Tmeticus dubius</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="06C388AE80DDD75AAF4EBBC3424E8D07" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1926 and
<taxonomicName id="0D5174AE4FF40B8E38B2C00625134BBC" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Gongylidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gongylidium vile" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vile">Gongylidium vile</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="DCE784F4CBC304B263C61C9ED3865133" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1885. Of these, the first two are listed under
<taxonomicName id="D35CFDD836557F2B80E7ABC644565A6E" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Centromerus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Centromerus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Centromerus</taxonomicName>
, and the last one under
<taxonomicName id="575E07665847382182CDADDF44024F1E" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
. These three names were included in
<taxonomicName id="256E18D1FC8381019FD0EAE006D22114" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AFB813AE66AA3CF33F9050375D630191" author="Holm, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 110" title="On the spiders collected during the Swedish expeditions to Novaya Zemlya and Yenisey in 1875 and 1876." volume="2" year="1973">Holm (1973)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="539B71D0CEEBD06B3D57233A51D67A0B" author="Eskov, KY" journalOrPublisher="Pensoft Publishers, Sofia-Moscow" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" title="Catalogue of the linyphiid spiders of northern Asia (Arachnida, Araneae, Linyphiidae)" year="1994">Eskov (1994)</bibRefCitation>
but were considered as synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="20B49888C6D5DC30E206B3D1D31AD33B" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C6EAADEDC06807B46F743FA914F6A206" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
On the basis of the present study, we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="50659D42AC4C57C98240530439BF9735" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
encompasses four species:
<taxonomicName id="8C7A376AE448CE9CCF1B34141AC4EEFD" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="508F9C71D6E75211008025F4446D1D67" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F3EE5B2D2951156DB9E6902B7B13947F" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AB8EF3EB445D0354056157CB5D86C162" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
. A new genus has been erected for
<taxonomicName id="AAD3AB3A81CEE51CB0BDF722FA489D15" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus bipunctis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bipunctis">Tmeticus bipunctis</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="2E3ED9C16ECE44735F0420F76C806E3A" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus neserigonoides" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neserigonoides">Tmeticus neserigonoides</taxonomicName>
might be correctly placed in this genus, but as we failed to re-examine its specimens, we treat it as incertae sedis (see below). Two other Japanese species belong elsewhere, but their correct assignments require further study.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D511262ED897445C5381FC6BD59D9894" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="comments">
<paragraph id="EEE95638984EEE7B3B35465F48AE975E" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A24CA3B5531CB1BC79B9E5737C707F7C" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="112BC2C4A36D0F44BE9CBD9F590CA676" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
is unusual in the
<taxonomicName id="E055060A6070B2C1E835D056B68C4B51" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
because all its species can be recognized by their carapace colour pattern. Three sibling species:
<taxonomicName id="C6E34E03F8C2730578E1F645E1065E38" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0A93B06B1552F7FE23BFBF9FB772C3F5" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0E1A04B4F97502F435D848057A43B245" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
cannot be recognized by their embolic division, but the females of these species have distinctly different epigynes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5669C2975535962FE0C20AFD9EA401FF" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="interrelationships">
<paragraph id="ABE9DFB47EC978DCABAD05FA3B729405" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Interrelationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3CA59948484ED4548FF3B501E4EC261A" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="E46B56F7E6A7E7B6860AB6D90C0F347C" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
differs from the three other species by the shape of the paracymbium, the straight embolus and the high protegulum with papillae. It also possesses a different type of the tibial apophysis, not originating at the terminal edge of the tibia as in other
<taxonomicName id="FFE513AA9E9B0ECA87FD25D536ABC55D" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
and other
<taxonomicName id="6FA0F9812D2499484E45F230A52F3B28" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
, but slightly aside of the edge.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B0071DD81FEE2F644C2ACAFA3B218AA2" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="relationships">
<paragraph id="2B5A8A629311C0BAB087629EBF4E71D8" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Relationships.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A8D005508F83A87700E1BFBC8B38CE4" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
In general appearance, male palp structure and cheliceral dentition, the members of this genus are similar to
<taxonomicName id="0A2822AD518182359DF86D0EED116589" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Hylyphantes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hylyphantes graminicola" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="graminicola">Hylyphantes graminicola</taxonomicName>
, but the latter has a different type of embolic division and epigyne. When
<bibRefCitation id="980CF483B5507142982F8430063CDA99" author="Wiehle, H" journalOrPublisher="Tierwelt Deutschlands" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 337" title="Spinnentiere oder Arachnoidea (Araneae). XXVII. Familie Linyphiidae-Baldachinspinnen." volume="44" year="1956">Wiehle (1956)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="BF3DD875DA53CF76CBE7FCEFA3187C3E" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara speciosa" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosa">Donacochara speciosa</taxonomicName>
(Thorell, 1875) he compared it with
<taxonomicName id="E6917E251680886B17B1B170F952BA09" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
. Both species have a long palp, small bulbus, and the chelicera of the male has a mastidion. The embolic division in both species is rather similar, but the radical process and the embolus proper occupy different positions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A75D6AC725BF996F0FF8F570ECC3FFDB" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The embolic division of
<taxonomicName id="C11009CE780F74B6AAFEC7CF01911EA8" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
is similar to those in
<taxonomicName id="6EC672A18CDCD6DE1947C7B94DFD9DFF" genus="Phaulothrix" lsidName="Phaulothrix hardyi" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="hardyi">Phaulothrix hardyi</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1850) (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="83CB506610894BCFCF74FA59C0E7D376" author="Millidge, AF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British arachnological Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 60" title="The conformation of the male palpal organs of linyphiid spiders, and its application to the taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the family (Araneae: Linyphiidae)." volume="4" year="1977">Millidge 1977: f. 18</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="F41898EDB12DDFE5069AAE275207DCDC" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Lophomma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lophomma punctatum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatum">Lophomma punctatum</taxonomicName>
(Blackwall, 1841)(Fig. 58) or members of
<taxonomicName id="ADBDFF9CDF88BA76380808C8F0DADA4F" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oreoneta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oreoneta" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oreoneta</taxonomicName>
Chyzer &amp;
<normalizedToken id="0B67DEA4845EB3A469105F0AB6F82CAC" originalValue="Kulczyński">Kulczynski</normalizedToken>
, 1894 (Fig. 57). All these genera have a more or less straight, two-armed embolic division (embolus proper + anterior radical process), with the embolus proper situated more dorsally than the process. All three genera have a wide embolic membrane.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E843517FF1289EA859840C8247410514" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<bibRefCitation id="4F02276358C38F9ADEF92242A4D78051" author="Millidge, AF" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British arachnological Society" pageId="14" pageNumber="29" pagination="1 - 60" title="The conformation of the male palpal organs of linyphiid spiders, and its application to the taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the family (Araneae: Linyphiidae)." volume="4" year="1977">Millidge (1977)</bibRefCitation>
placed
<taxonomicName id="AB6B9B09E9C614E5C697753AA7F60091" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
in a separate nominative group with
<taxonomicName id="F445EC6C5C15DC6E3470AD107978A729" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Ostearius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ostearius" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ostearius</taxonomicName>
Hull, 1911,
<taxonomicName id="E6DB441A8505B68C6283D3A1B023AE5F" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Donacochara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Donacochara" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Donacochara</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1884,
<taxonomicName id="8F26FFA1FA842987EA34735B30CFC378" genus="Eboria" lsidName="Eboria" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Eboria</taxonomicName>
Falconer, 1910 and
<taxonomicName id="63E435141578195FAC4A3B25A0422B88" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Sciastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sciastes" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sciastes</taxonomicName>
Bishop &amp; Crosby, 1938. Hormiga (2002) placed
<taxonomicName id="DBA75A9C885040F6DC4DB4E33BB31027" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
close to a very heterogeneous group of the higher
<taxonomicName id="9FD23F28FECD7983F467DB872D1590EC" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Erigoninae">Erigoninae</taxonomicName>
that includes such unrelated genera (in terms of the structure of the embolic division) as
<taxonomicName id="C294C1247BFB0D6096B09DBAB00476C4" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Walckenaeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Walckenaeria" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Walckenaeria</taxonomicName>
Blackwall, 1833 (twisted radix),
<taxonomicName id="9CCCF0516B5D9324A0F49A199C71A61A" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Oedothorax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oedothorax" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oedothorax</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="38ED87A69A530E1BF7E9A2012BFBACD7" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Entelecara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Entelecara" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Entelecara</taxonomicName>
Simon, 1884, Gonatium Menge, 1968 and others.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6FC7EC4C8EAE5107CEDACFF60F04092F" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Judging from the drawings (Figs 35.110, 35.111 in
<bibRefCitation id="1C531EADEF7BE04370C63E9B26710645" author="Draney, ML" editor="Ubick, D" journalOrPublisher="American Arachnological Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="124 - 161" title="Linyphiidae" volumeTitle="Spiders of North America: an identification manual" year="2005">Draney and Buckle 2005</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="0B684A93F501D028CFF6AD3C77244BA8" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tmeticus</taxonomicName>
can be related to the Nearctic
<taxonomicName id="8C6DE36114F65CD961009EEF2C287C9F" genus="Nanavia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933. The latter species seems to have been mistakenly considered a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="C7F479585FDF38530647C147BC938445" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Leptorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptorhoptrum robustum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Leptorhoptrum robustum</taxonomicName>
(Westring, 1851) (see
<bibRefCitation id="4156B4FA44B2CBDC10E6A79D8A186B85" author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="Fabreries, Supplement" pageId="15" pageNumber="30" title="The world spider catalog, version 10.5. American Museum of Natural History" url="online at http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html" year="2010">Platnick 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Both genera and species were synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="2837257BAF9EE9BF9C1627EA8D50D5DD" author="Eskov, KY" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="41 - 79" title="New data on the taxonomy and faunistics of North Asian linyphiid spiders (Aranei, Linyphiidae)." volume="2" year="1994">Eskov and Marusik (1994)</bibRefCitation>
on the basis of a comparison of
<taxonomicName id="5F07CF42B911AC60C804E639E4B781FC" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Leptorhoptrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptorhoptrum robustum" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robustum">Leptorhoptrum robustum</taxonomicName>
and the poor figures of
<taxonomicName id="5B6FA78959ED7FA4991FDBAA5B5C6B37" genus="Nanavia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="45BD6A07D9F291AB80D2E6073C4468C9" genus="Nanavia" lsidName="Nanavia monticola" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="monticola">Nanavia monticola</taxonomicName>
has a very long palpal tibia, and the paracymbium and embolic division are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="FC3575B3ED5D27DDD4BDACF5078467EC" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
. The relationships of the two genera and taxonomic status of
<taxonomicName id="DF679D9BB6BB954EB95869B0DE0E9DC8" genus="Nanavia" lsidName="Nanavia" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="genus">Nanavia</taxonomicName>
Chamberlin &amp; Ivie, 1933 are outside the scope of this study and will be considered elsewhere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C681ACA21EECF7845135E60B92F4E35" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="key to tmeticus species">
<paragraph id="EA0F0C4B4D68DE40E0DF0A02C2C5044C" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Key to Tmeticus species</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E173237F697A4582B3765E1632559D2" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
The males of
<taxonomicName id="BF43D0DC1E8CBCF5E293B9A7D9BAAA74" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="196BE8F55BCD6BCD9C59D30475574FD9" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
cannot be distinguished.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="188131FE8E62DC7B4D35ADE0C1334386" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<table id="4F8F838EEB132E2AE7F3DA2A3BAD4396" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<tr id="0A9F69102B7FB7645AEB84C369D1D065" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="A23558522E8E08D10312BD5432302664" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
Figs 10
<normalizedToken id="C92D7186CAE366C568DA1C63CD35BF92" originalValue="–1125–">-1125-</normalizedToken>
26
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6A8A330CE3486CAADFC4068253F34888" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="E3089BE338F210A3989A448BD38843AE" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 21-24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DF06428CF64CF6FEFBC437A054965906" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="3C7442B8F3394484C6027CBBE0A1E291" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="CE705A12519D42D3A920B40EDF5EA280" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus tolli" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tolli">Tmeticus tolli</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="60D6E25AEA72D40415D559FC15C7DA5E" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="F9BEBC8C640A549F8E241FB4C0D4C710" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 10-11Figs 1-25, 7Figs 48-919</td>
<td id="BDF59A1DA68D28E9852AD05420F45EAC" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="1D645151A3A8727F11600FA80B336D20" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus affinis" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="affinis">Tmeticus affinis</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2C6D299BA669AB4BF6527F7855176CB0" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="4F404D1BA05D22CACACE186C3031B744" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 23-24Figs 1843-44</td>
<td id="9C1ACC2C28D79AA8407EC384CA60ED93" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="9984E003236C7FADD2008122C7CAB114" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus nigriceps" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriceps">Tmeticus nigriceps</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3D7E596642AA7C025C6AAAB06B880DD3" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<td id="52A06876DBFB5FC569471BCC84093109" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Figs 21-22Figs 1747, 48</td>
<td id="A82F2A8EC1BF9CF82E07501470204998" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="B22AAB33189FD3BA85E0C282D1D3AF51" class="Arachnida" family="Linyphiidae" genus="Tmeticus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tmeticus ornatus" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornatus">Tmeticus ornatus</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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