216 lines
28 KiB
XML
216 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="A0E58B749BA673A1248C0E4331A440B5" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="141699F389C380DBD43C4431C3CE98B0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus subscaber LeConte 1876" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="2537FF0FB5F22A42A06998DE6B0002C0">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="294B87A54A9730D02BEFF933C4A5A907">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AADFB126D8DDFF44E7E0C9C31C24CD6F">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="810F47FC8245583124B6D8714FD78228">2014</mods:date>
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<treatment id="141699F389C380DBD43C4431C3CE98B0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056131" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:141699F389C380DBD43C4431C3CE98B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/141699F389C380DBD43C4431C3CE98B0" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="9A65BFB28EE8F3D39C9C38B726DC9C09" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="BCEFC3DC6F1D8FDC944EEFC4B1E79018" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD80DF39ECA545C0B1506713C57F5773" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A49FFC9219312A90A00C79F60BA89969" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="86D8E8DD845E48551B44FCF7272E09D4" ID-CoL="4VTPK" authority="LeConte, 1876" authorityName="LeConte" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber LeConte, 1876</taxonomicName>
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Figs 52, 55
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="817591735319DBE6751C3399402A9D78" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="1C5BD73E6002DFF37C3B6879B995B1F3" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<taxonomicName id="EF95A78DA8F2A880C34C279DB79BFC92" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">
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<pageBreakToken id="CA540DC588730F7F496E44B93EE9BEB1" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" start="start">Scolytus</pageBreakToken>
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subscaber
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</taxonomicName>
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LeConte, 1876: 373.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CA2B61825A1E07A919CC05AF61A4AC6E" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="378D9C4C2E8AF5F4017E9FEB4883F6FD" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E25D9C1E02AE3C77E055B1CE89978F1C" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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The male most closely resembles those of
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<taxonomicName id="AC2D885319A56A9763ACE4213356D6AA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus obelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obelus">Scolytus obelus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="ED78EA0B27029A3439FB221C097F2489" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus praeceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">Scolytus praeceps</taxonomicName>
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. It is distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="479B2743BEF57ABDBAB5B3E43BC4B304" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus obelus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obelus">Scolytus obelus</taxonomicName>
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by the sparse, obscure, fine and shallow punctures of ventrite 2, by the dull luster of ventrite 2 and by the geographic distribution. The male can be distinguished from that of
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<taxonomicName id="7567FE58155B21612AD7BDB387A399FA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus praeceps" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="praeceps">Scolytus praeceps</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a median denticle on the apical margin of ventrite 2. Females closely resemble those of
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<taxonomicName id="80A6AE8BF8FA198AE229569A65330F0F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus ventralis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">Scolytus ventralis</taxonomicName>
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and are distinguished by the distinctly, moderately longitudinally aciculate and weakly punctate frons, and by the weakly produced apical margin of ventrite 1 that forms a weak carinate lip along the basal margin of ventrite 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EC769BC7092AC20892256E81D42F2AFE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="893E32327B6260289B0560DD5CCF3198" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="837684AEA03D2A54C96F74FAB3F32219" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">2.0-4.3 mm long (mean = 3.5 mm; n = 20); 1.8-2.3 times as long as wide. Head, pronotum and abdominal venter dark red-brown, antennae light brown, legs dark red-brown to light brown, elytra red brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="632CB22B944531426EE8366F9860A062" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Head. Epistoma moderately, very broadly emarginate; epistomal process moderately developed and elevated; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long, yellow, hair-like setae. Frons appearing convex when viewed laterally, slightly transversely impressed just above epistoma; moderately, coarsely, longitudinally aciculate-punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures minute, fine; moderately and uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow, erect hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, ovoid, setose with partial septum, three arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6A1323EA1FF6237CD54351FD8ED03FE" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="532E343D8E80C561558FB9A0807BB669" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on apical half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing small, fine punctures. Disc smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, more than twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae; punctures bearing short, sparse, recumbent yellow setae slightly longer than size of a puncture (may be abraded); striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CED4483875F84F4C013FA9FA1C52F2EC" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 strongly, acutely produced forming lip along base of ventrite 2, basal margin of ventrite 2 appearing impressed. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface glabrous, shagreened, dull, finely and obscurely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow; surface weakly concave; apical margin armed with broad median denticle; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge closer to apical margin of segment; length of ventrite 5 greater than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.</paragraph>
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<caption id="C7866EC01D2A3266FCD15BB8A1FB750C" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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<paragraph id="CD29EC83DCE3DD9916B45054B98CE290" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Figure 55.
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<taxonomicName id="033C7EBE8C5E14FBA8C218EE7165FE16" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="609D5D7A9AF41EE8150CD02A242BDA42" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="female">
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<paragraph id="7265EEF24770AF3BF77A8DE1334F9814" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="38C6C2D978C244D5284F497A87E42AEC" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">3.1-5.0 mm long (mean = 3.85 mm; n = 20); 1.9-2.6 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginate, epistomal process absent, frons more strongly convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye. Apical margin of ventrite 1 weakly elevated above base of ventrite 2. Second ventrite unarmed, surface weakly rugose, punctures larger, deeper.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="15D12B65B26203693CFA40AEDC1F6F52" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="E6B8FDA1E5A92EC6F9F0CC2AE76D74F9" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="571EE07F87D8682381B011E911CDC9FF" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">111.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E91DC1BB74121A7F9B0743E0FDAB43B2" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="46FA8D907E46031D437E28056D21D1F5" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B399864FDC1503070302E6A247B42A30" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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Lectotype
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<taxonomicName id="AE93D8B4C8A2A6B2B5BE5C03C58756D9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
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LeConte: female, Vanc. [Vancouver, B.C.], Type 968" (MCZC). Lectotype designated
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<bibRefCitation id="D3078CF3E0268DE93B350FDF946B1636" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
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: 443.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="65E771C83504C425C19CF3FFD9798648" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="non-type material">
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<paragraph id="FDC0FDC84E02E181F8CA01B1AEAF00FA" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Non-type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A2939CA5933F113436AAC0A86212BB9A" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
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UNITED STATES:CALIFORNIA:Alpine Co.: Stanislaus National Forest, Hermit Valley, Hopk. U.S. 19193-A, J.M. Miller, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="21B15E5703E60D597C0D8971FD3DF16F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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(EMEC-1, OSAC-4). Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest, Hwy 89, 6.6 mi E. NF 4188,
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<geoCoordinate id="2453819C73E108FCA86B2F6E8C18988C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="38.6651">N38°39.906'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FDF3459306E134C114A2647640888CC6" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-119.642334">W119°38.540'</geoCoordinate>
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, 8011 ft, 24.VII.2010, S.M. Smith, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="A66D19DDB6BA9A30AED82966A7584795" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies magnifica" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica">Abies magnifica</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC-3). El Dorado Co.: Echo Lake, Hopk. U.S. 18381-A, 27.V.[19]31, J.M. Miller, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="EA407AD9EA65F2DC11C32D371E961C89" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies magnifica" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica">Abies magnifica</taxonomicName>
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(CSUC-1, EMEC-17, OSAC-20, USNM-3). Lake Tahoe, Fallen Leaf Lake, 22.VII.1930, A.C. Browne (CASC-1). Uncle
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<normalizedToken id="9733AFA338B017870E5AF4484A41983A" originalValue="Tom’s">Tom's</normalizedToken>
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, 0.1 road mile W., 28.VII-12.VIII.1978, J.A. Benedictis, ex. from pheromone trap baited with E-11 tetradecenyl acetate (EMEC-1). [Madera Co.]: Bass Lake, Hopk. U.S. 19376-A, 2.VII.[19]32, G.R. Struble, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="6D2243461697DEEC28900F874DE77104" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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(EMEC-2, OSAC-3). Sugar Pine [community], 12.VIII.1920, E. Schiffel (CASC-1). Placer Co.: Lake Tahoe, 1 mi N., 3.VIII.[19]67, G.T. Ferrell (EMEC-3). Plumas Co.: LaPort, Hopk. U.S. 17933-A, J.M. Miller, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="5D757D2176BEDBECEF62BD9EAE64EF78" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies magnifica" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica">Abies magnifica</taxonomicName>
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(EMEC-2, OSAC-2). [Unspecified County]: Stanislaus National Forest, Hopk. U.S. 19818, J.M. Miller, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="87F0964D32361DC757878411C2248B15" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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(OSAC-1). IDAHO:Clearwater Co.: Pierce, 4 mi W.N.W., 18.VII.1973, H.L. Osborne, ex. flight trap (USNM-1). Latah Co.: 1992, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="65533063C78C543FFA3B1D4FA76FF1EA" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies grandis" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">Abies grandis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-1). Flat Creek, 11.II.1995, M.M. Furniss, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="4EB68B39F39C8259B0827D674E46DB68" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies grandis" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">Abies grandis</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-4). Harvard, 3.5 mi N.N.E., 6.VIII.1973, H.L. Osborne, ex. flight trap (USNM-1). Moscow, 20.VII.[19]73, LC-1 (USNM-1), 24.VII.[19]73, LC-1 (USNM-2). Potlatch, 4 mi N.E., 3.VIII.1973, H.L. Osbourne, ex. flight trap (USNM-1). OREGON: [Benton Co.]: [Corvallis], Kiger Island, IX.1922, W.J. Chamberlain (USNM-1). [Klamath Co.]: Crater Lake [National Park], 11.VI.[19]33, Hopk. U.S. 18966-A, W.J. Buckhorn, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="FF65891DAB7ED6BE171839FDC7460263" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies concolor" order="Pinales" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="concolor">Abies concolor</taxonomicName>
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(EMEC-4), 14.XII.[19]33 (EMEC-3, OSAC-20, WFBM-1). WASHINGTON: [Chelan Co.]: Lake Wenatchee [State Park], VII.[19]69 (EMEC-1). [King Co.]: Seattle, 9.VI.[19]12 (OSAC-2). [Thurston Co.]: Olympia, 25.IV.[18]94 (OSAC-2).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CB5B8BBE004CB4104572AD7B62D0D983" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B705E6EE912FCD03678D0CDD83C5DFE0" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BF1542C658EE85358847D7490F60363D" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3140A8D203B558303ED234689796492C" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">CANADA: British Columbia. UNITED STATES: California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington (Fig. 56).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="155511BE0C242EE0D14F28D7649AFEEE" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<paragraph id="29755EDA19427E4F3ACED0F67E30A21A" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Figure 56.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF10F568046BD17DE4742402E76E05DB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0041E6F4B96131046FCA590439854DEC" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="ACCB0E1F38FEC015B83A9D4E7BCB6FA6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3005F70939E3183429982E0B446D8B04" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Principal host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C8E090B32DC28A2BBCE7D9F60D81DE7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies grandis" order="Pinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">Abies grandis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Dougl. Ex D. Don) Lindl. (grand fir). Incidental hosts:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E4A86D5A85F8421E46A65ADC6102A2D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies lasiocarpa" order="Pinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lasiocarpa">Abies lasiocarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hook.) Nutt. (subalpine fir),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="375147337A5E2C4002EE20106BA72D2B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies magnifica" order="Pinales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnifica">Abies magnifica</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Murr. (red fir).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5B829A95FED6A2B60EA29C50C36958EF" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C77D34FAC1C2CB99D9D5692251D8C7B" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E7BFC3358FDC00CB95BBED0D4414DB6E" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7D8B98DEFA826242866035F0C3FFB45" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="895 - 900" title="Biology of Scolytussubscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho." url="10.1603/AN10144" volume="104" year="2011">Furniss and Kegley (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide a detailed and thorough account of the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0045163254CEF75F4E28EBAA80746059" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Adults infest suppressed branches in the crowns of mature trees and are rarely found in slash (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C8398A281F86BD4090D3BAD7ADF8A202" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F7DBEB51A4E1F42CBBB2822A4B73AC90" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="895 - 900" title="Biology of Scolytussubscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho." url="10.1603/AN10144" volume="104" year="2011">Furniss and Kegley 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4E3A95AEC8C267904EB880D53A15700" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus subscaber" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subscaber">Scolytus subscaber</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also associated with a staining fungus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="18DBFCBDA6FAB02DA92F2EB59E93A990" class="Saccharomycetes" genus="Spicaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Spicaria anomala" order="Saccharomycetales" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="anomala">Spicaria anomala</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Corda) Harz. that kills the host cambium (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1B142D9640FB00F9356DA42D952BE5B" author="Wright, E" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Agriculture Research" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="759 - 773" title="Further investigations of brown-staining fungi associated with engraver beetles (Scolytus) in white fir." volume="57" year="1938">Wright 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A714216CD46EC7F00D6A183FBF980339" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
Adult galleries are distinct from those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="45C704170FE801D35E57C35F060BB904" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scolytus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. They are epsilon (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FBE03B724BBA4E7F73F23942F36838AE" originalValue="“ε”">"ε"</normalizedToken>
|
||
) shaped and deeply excavated in the sapwood (Fig. 25). The gallery consists of a central nuptial chamber and two egg galleries that are recurved around the nuptial chamber (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3352A42E590002F2A2729FCA83422BD" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The adult gallery is 2.0-5.0 cm in length and varies by branch size, with larger branches having larger galleries (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7CCB8FBCE53F3CC1954C510EA5172C8F" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="895 - 900" title="Biology of Scolytussubscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho." url="10.1603/AN10144" volume="104" year="2011">Furniss and Kegley 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Egg niches lightly score the sapwood. In Oregon 12-30 eggs are laid per gallery and in Idaho the upper limit appears to be 12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="413EA5B9EB8CA1B0AD9B61F98A33E39C" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="895 - 900" title="Biology of Scolytussubscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho." url="10.1603/AN10144" volume="104" year="2011">Furniss and Kegley 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larval mines radiate from the egg gallery in all directions, often crossing each other. The larval mines are located in the phloem and cambium for about the first centimeter of their length. After the first centimeter, larval mines lightly score the sapwood. Pupation chambers are formed in the cambium or outer bark. There is one generation per year and the brood overwinters as larvae. In Idaho, flight occurs in July and adults leave the gallery once eggs have been laid (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9EA65B2A55111E224B621CABE408BCF9" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Entomological Society of America" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="895 - 900" title="Biology of Scolytussubscaber (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in Grand Fir in Idaho." url="10.1603/AN10144" volume="104" year="2011">Furniss and Kegley 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="03B1542D2EA15536DF6E65AA9B2CF895" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="collection notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="73FC88B68D5B93E6F522A9FB1BBA26FD" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Collection notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35310CFB56B839F5AFC953687730F0B6" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Old galleries of this species were observed by the senior author while hiking along the Tuolumne Grove Trail in Yosemite National Park on 23.VII.2010.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="29C520C45D8482F778120A0905D0AC36" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE7EE283F8D0DC6A4ECEC0334C638F5C" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F9D434A79DA35E679D4C5AE2B7B8992" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
|
||
The lectotype bears a partial locality label.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EAC4188925E1F85980235F489D261370" author="LeConte, JL" editor="Zimmermann, C" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="141 - 178" title="Appendix." volume="2" volumeTitle="Synopsis of the Scolytidae of America North of Mexico." year="1868">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2BD6AC92889CB30288FA339BFC6A9C8E" originalValue="LeConte’s">LeConte's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1868)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description states the lectotype was collected at Vancouver Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |