306 lines
30 KiB
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306 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" ID-PMC="PMC3689132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-24-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" ID-PubMed="23794938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576237" ModsDocID="1314-2003-24-1" checkinTime="1451251869906" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lange, P. J. de, Heenan, P. B., Houliston, G. J., Rolfe, J. R. & Mitchell, A. D." docDate="2013" docId="0FC7BE3043295C43ACC506E2EFDF8090" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 24: 1-147" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 24" docPubDate="2013-06-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375" docTitle="Lepidium naufragorum Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658" masterDocTitle="New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand" masterLastPageNumber="147" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668140848368" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Lepidium (Brassicaceae) from New Zealand</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lange, P. J. de</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Conservation, Private Bag 68908 Newton, Auckland 1145, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heenan, P. B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Houliston, G. J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ecological Genetics Group, Landcare Research, P. O. 69, Lincoln 7640, Canterbury, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rolfe, J. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Science & Capability Group, Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Office, Department of Conservation, P. O. Box 10420, Wellington 6143, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mitchell, A. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Otago School of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-06-17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>24</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>147</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.24.4375</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-24-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">563EFFD7FFA3FFC47235FFE0B16B4658</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576237</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182229055" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0FC7BE3043295C43ACC506E2EFDF8090" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FC7BE3043295C43ACC506E2EFDF8090" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName LSID="0FC7BE30-4329-5C43-ACC5-06E2EFDF8090" authority="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43 (1995)" authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lepidium naufragorum" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">Lepidium naufragorum Garn.-Jones et D.A.Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43 (1995)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="54" pageNumber="55" type="holotype.">
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">New Zealand:</emphasis>
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Open Bay Islands, Taumaka, 15 February 1992, P. J. Garnock-Jones 2121, D. A. Norton & D. R. Given, CHR 470212!
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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The epithet '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">naufragorum</emphasis>
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', the genitive plural form of '
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">naufragus</emphasis>
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' meaning a 'castaway or ship wrecked
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<normalizedToken originalValue="person’">person'</normalizedToken>
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, was given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
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to commemorate a sealing gang that was set down on the type locality of the species, the Open Bay Islands, in 1810 where they were left for four years until they were rescued.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Mature plant of Lepidium naufragorum on Taumaka Island (image: P. I. Knightbridge)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10793" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 55</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Inflorescence of Lepidium naufragorum showing mature and immature silicles." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10794" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">, 56</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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Tap-rooted, pungent-smelling, summer-green, perennial herb forming a densely leafy, shrub up to 680 mm tall, rootstock stout, 3-10 mm diam. when fresh semi-circular, whitish-grey (when exposed). Tap root fleshy, yellow to yellow-white when fresh, up to 300 mm long, deeply descending. Plants dying down in winter or in times of adversity to rootstock. Stems ascending to erect, 150-680 mm long, glabrous, 2-8 mm diam., woody near base, prominently ridged and/or grooved with age, and usually bearing numerous leaf scars and withered petioles, pale yellow-green to dark green, sometimes tinged maroon; mid to upper portion of stems much branched; branches and branchlets, usually very leafy. Leaves glabrous, fleshy to
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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subcoriaceous, glossy dark green to yellow-green, at senescence turning yellow. Rosette and lower stem leaves withering at fruiting; petioles distinct 40-80
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-3 mm, slightly concave in cross-section, fleshy, winged; lamina 60-140
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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15-25 mm, pinnatifid (rarely simple), narrow-oblong to narrow-oblanceolate; pinnae when present in 3-8 pairs, sharply toothed toothed at apex and distal margins, lamina of simple leaves, deeply and unevenly serrated, teeth 1.0-2.2(-5.1) mm long, usually not projecting beyond leaf outline. Middle stem leaves similar (rarely simple) or becoming shallowly pinnatifid, sharply serrate. Upper stem leaves 10-50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-10 mm, narrow-obovate to linear oblanceolate, pinnatifid to simple, sharply toothed at apex and at apex of pinnae if present, cuneate at base; petiole minute or absent. Racemes 10-120 mm long, elongating up to 140 mm at fruiting, terminal and axillary,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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leaf-opposed; rachis glabrous or sparsely hairy; pedicels sparsely hairy, erecto-patent, initially1.3-1.6 mm; elongating to 3-5 mm long at fruiting. Flower buds grass green to dark green, apex glabrous or sometimes bearing a conspicuous, caducous, crest of white, eglandular, antrorse hairs up to 0.9 mm long. Flowers sweetly fragrant, 2.8-3.2 mm diam. Sepals, ovate to oval, apex broadly obtuse, green with a white scarious margin, deeply concave, adaxially weakly keeled, abaxial midrib glabrous or invested in conspicuous, caducous, white, eglandular, antrorse, flexuous hairs, hairs sometimes scattered across rest of abaxial surface; adaxial surface glabrous; lateral sepals 0.8-1.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8-1.2 mm, median sepals narrower 0.7-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-0.9 mm. Petals white, 0.9-1.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.6-0.9 mm, erecto-patent, clawed; limb obovate, apex emarginate. Stamens 4, equal. Anthers c.0.12 mm long. Pollen bright yellow. Nectaries 4, subulate, 0.25 mm long. Silicles cartilaginous when fresh, subcoriaceous when dry 2.8-4.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.3- 3.2 mm, broadly elliptic, slightly winged, apex shallowly notched, valves green maturing pale green, glabrous; style 0.1-0.2 mm long, free from the narrow wing, equal to or slightly exceeding the notch; stigma 0.4 mm diam. Seeds 2, 1.6-2.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2-1.8 mm, obovoid, orange-brown, not winged, mucilaginous when wet. FL. Oct-Mar. FR. Nov-Apr.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10793" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" start="Figure 55" startId="F55">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figure 55.</emphasis>
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Mature plant of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on Taumaka Island (image: P.I. Knightbridge)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="representative specimens.">
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<paragraph pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Representative Specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand (North Island):</emphasis>
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Auckland City, Mt Albert, Jesmond Terrace (Naturalised), 9 January 1998, P. J. de Lange 3415, (AK 234450).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">New Zealand (South Island):</emphasis>
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North Westland, Punakaiki, Seal Island, 29
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<pageBreakToken pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">December</pageBreakToken>
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1991, D. A. Norton s.n., (CANU 36438); Punakaiki, Perpendicular Point, 13 February 1992, P. J. Garnock-Jones 2112 & D. A. Norton, (CHR 470203); Motukikie, January 1995, G. Loh s.n., (CANU 37018); Paringa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Knight’s">Knight's</normalizedToken>
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Point, 1 January 1990, D. A. Norton s.n. & J. M. Lord, (CANU 35508); Open Bay Island, January 1909, B. C. Aston s.n., (WELT SP030114); Open Bay Islands, Taumaka Island, 15 February 1992, P. J. Garnock-Jones 2117, (AK 229863, CHR 470208); Open Bay Islands, Taumaka Island, 15 February 1992, P. J. Garnock-Jones 2118, D. A. Norton
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<pageBreakToken pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">&</pageBreakToken>
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amp; D. R. Given, (CHR 470209); Open Bay Islands, Taumaka Island, March 2006, P. I. Knightbridge s.n., (AK 317068-pinnate-leaved form); Open Bay Islands, Taumaka Island, 4 January 2006, P. I. Knightbridge s.n., (AK 317070-simple-leaved form).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 44" captionStartId="F44" captionText="Figure 44. Distribution of Lepidium flexicaule (New Zealand distribution shown only), Lepidium juvencum, Lepidium limenophylax, Lepidium naufragorum and Lepidium obtusatum." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10782" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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. Endemic. New Zealand, South Island, (Westland) where it is known from seven sites from Cape Foulwind south to the Open Bay Islands (Taumaka and Popotai). With the exception of the Open Bay Islands,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
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scarce within the mainland part of its range.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has also been collected once as a gutter weed in Auckland City, plants having established there from a nearby garden where the species was being cultivated. These naturalised plants persisted for about five years before they died out.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="recognition">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Recognition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is easily distinguished from all other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in New Zealand by the upright bushy shrub habit (with plants dying down to a central root stock in winter), erect stems, mostly sharply serrated pinnatifid rosette and stem leaves (rarely entire) (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Mature plant of Lepidium naufragorum on Taumaka Island (image: P. I. Knightbridge)" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10793" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
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), and by the emarginate silicles (
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Inflorescence of Lepidium naufragorum showing mature and immature silicles." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10794" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
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). Of the New Zealand species, it is most similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in which it was included by
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<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Bird Notes" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" refId="B42" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, 1988. Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D.S.I.R., Christchurch, 394-447." title="Brassicaceae. In: Flora of New Zealand. Vol. IV. CJ Webb, WR Sykes, PJ Garnock-Jones (Eds) Botany Division, D. S. I. R., Christchurch, 394 - 447." year="1988">Garnock-Jones (1988)</bibRefCitation>
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before field work and further study recognised its distinctiveness. For differences between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see under
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Trans. et Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14, 380" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexicaule">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium flexicaule</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10794" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" start="Figure 56" startId="F56">
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<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Figure 56.</emphasis>
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Inflorescence of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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showing mature and immature silicles.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Although most plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have pinnatifid foliage, occasional specimens with simple or weakly pinnatifid leaves are also known, and these can at times be locally common (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Knightbridge, PI" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" refId="B58" refString="Knightbridge, PI, Newton, G, 2006. Surveillance monitoring of Lepidium naufragorum at Taumaka, Open Bay Islands, January 2006. West Coast Conservancy. Department of Conservation Filenote, Hokitika." title="Surveillance monitoring of Lepidium naufragorum at Taumaka, Open Bay Islands, January 2006. West Coast Conservancy. Department of Conservation Filenote, Hokitika." year="2006">Knightbridge and Newton 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It was plants such as these that were the basis for literature records (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Burrows, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand" pageId="112" pageNumber="113" pagination="15 - 42" publicationUrl="10.1080/03036758.1972.10423301" refId="B10" refString="Burrows, CJ, 1972. The flora and vegetation of Open Bay Islands. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 2: 15 - 42, 10.1080/03036758.1972.10423301" title="The flora and vegetation of Open Bay Islands." url="10.1080/03036758.1972.10423301" volume="2" year="1972">Burrows 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and collectors such as L. Cockayne and B.C. Aston (WELT!) referring this species to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as var.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">ovatum</emphasis>
|
||
). From
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
these forms can easily be distinguished by the seasonal growth habit (with plants dying back to the rootstock over winter), and by the distinctly emarginate silicles. So far,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G. Forst. ex Sparrm., Nova Acta Soc. Sc. Upsal. iii, 193" authorityYear="1780" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oleraceum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium oleraceum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not been found within the Westland range of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The confusion with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
partly stems from these early
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="collectors’">collectors'</normalizedToken>
|
||
uncertainty as to what this species is. In any case, non-pinnate leaved forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are readily distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their much smaller (2.8-4.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.3- 3.2 mm) broadly elliptic and shallowly notched silicles. The silicles of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kirk, Stud. Fl. N. Z, 35" authorityYear="1899" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium banksii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are much larger (4.5-5.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.0-5.0 mm), broadly ovate and deeply notched (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="F25" captionText="Figure 25. Mature silicle of Lepidium banksii. CHR 509034. Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/10763" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The ecology of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described in some detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garnock-Jones, PJ" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pageId="114" pageNumber="115" pagination="43 - 51" publicationUrl="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" refId="B43" refString="Garnock-Jones, PJ, Norton, DA, 1995. Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium. New Zealand Journal of Botany 33: 43 - 51, 10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" title="Lepidium naufragorum (Brassicaceae), a new species from Westland, and notes on other New Zealand coastal species of Lepidium." url="10.1080/0028825X.1995.10412942" volume="33" year="1995">Garnock-Jones and Norton (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who noted that it preferred sites frequented by seals and nesting sea birds or sea bird roosts. They concluded that the species required these species not only for nutrient enrichment but also because their disturbance kept the habitats of this species open. The authors also noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was restricted to base-rich substrates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Conservation Status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Garn. - Jones et D. A. Norton, New Zealand J. Bot. 33, 43" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Lepidium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="naufragorum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Lepidium naufragorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a conservation status of "Threatened / Nationally Vulnerable CD, RR" (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lange, PJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="113" pageNumber="114" publicationUrl="10.1080/00288250909509794" refId="B26" refString="de Lange, PJ, Norton, DA, Courtney, SP, Heenan, PB, Barkla, JW, Cameron, EK, Hitchmough, R, Townsend, AJ, 2009. Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61-96. ., 10.1080/00288250909509794" title="Threatened and uncommon plants New Zealand Journal of Botany 47: 61 - 96." url="10.1080/00288250909509794" year="2009">de Lange et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Based on current evidence this ranking is still appropriate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |