332 lines
35 KiB
XML
332 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="9028E9B1EDE45EB728BFB801EEFD14BE" ID-DOI="10.1649/0010-065X-73.4.1017" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10113871" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E64C2FF6-7116-4A13-973B-1CD9190751BC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630338381441" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Barney, Robert J." docDate="2019" docId="AD7E9359FFB5FF81FCC5A44DFB9DFD5E" docLanguage="en" docName="0010-065X-73.4.1017.pdf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.4.1017" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870.3:TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="F824235CA89CB83023C7D5789122F870" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pachybrachis vigilans Fall 1915" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1026" masterDocId="5147EB21FFBCFF8BFFC0A118FFD0FFC4" masterDocTitle="Definition and Revision of the Pubescens Species-Group of North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), Including Descriptions of Three New Species" masterLastPageNumber="1048" masterPageNumber="1017" pageNumber="1025" updateTime="1699723393106" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="63EC85A443757556B529655206125D3C" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="C6AE7D7302532A76BFE2C595A716165A">
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<mods:title id="BDC5E1295ED8392D0A36FDE3820EC143">Definition and Revision of the Pubescens Species-Group of North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), Including Descriptions of Three New Species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F34C1D590C39B80DF1F2059FEE8701EC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="8E7BE30C1E7AD8B2CF6EA6C54C80A534">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F8825015AC7920BA236E1508314C0A28">Barney, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A7341637B3608D07610C9C9A70FDC20E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="E98860146908F5741BA7BE671B095FE9">
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<mods:title id="3A1AE5DE8ACB34C15CEA2DC316318457">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C06F4C2BEE234E486EA66153609FA13E">
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<mods:date id="00AE9D58FD4BD01761567A2F2FE3D344">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="C7CEA72BDC067099F1CE0EECE515260A" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="664CB2847CF9BD0B6049EF188A46C8B6">2019-12-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="03A68CEB7B1390EAF790391FCB21444F" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="321BB5AC528CF2F91A6BAE85E3ED4778">73</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="9187368DAE70349A88C90C876F729F98" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="9F62EE5880AD38A791471190D17A4391">4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="C925D9C8841D970C0EF5C22838DEE87F" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="75A635859912EAB2669D722DD96F752D">1017</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="01332A51264DF79F31D5118F0B1BCD39">1048</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location id="97741282496A7F45E9A33DDB711AD90C">
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<mods:url id="6D644E6E2B278964AD8BA44D29196428">http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.4.1017</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="1CE00B733D1EA00E3738523647946770">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CAA657A97FC8FD942629ABE393E8996A" type="DOI">10.1649/0010-065X-73.4.1017</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4EBB5A7A30E6F37F120EE46E8BCEAA97" type="ISSN">1938-4394</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CE9290A76BA9E1D43DB7FB0533346873" type="Zenodo-Dep">10113871</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1779787C5533EE4C57CA74A41ABC1DB0" type="ZooBank">urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E64C2FF6-7116-4A13-973B-1CD9190751BC</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="AD7E9359FFB5FF81FCC5A44DFB9DFD5E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AD7E9359FFB5FF81FCC5A44DFB9DFD5E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AD7E9359FFB5FF81FCC5A44DFB9DFD5E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1026" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB5FF82FCC5A44DFBDAFA41" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2568224FFFB5FF82FCC5A44DFBDAFA41" blockId="9.[773,1127,1365,1413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FCC5A44DFBB7FAAE" bold="true" box="[773,1127,1365,1386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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4.
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<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB5FF82FCDFA44DFBB7FAAE" authority="Fall, 1915" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[799,1127,1365,1386]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FCDFA44DFC2AFAAE" bold="true" box="[799,1018,1365,1386]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Pachybrachis vigilans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41465FBEFFB5FF82FBC1A44DFBB7FAAE" author="Fall, H. C." box="[1025,1127,1365,1386]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref15421" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="BDEC3ECAFFB5FF82FCA9A468FC75FA41" box="[873,933,1392,1413]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[197,228,1304,1323]" captionTargetBox="[177,1188,197,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-164@7.[175,1190,194,1288]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Pachybrachis vigilans, lectotype. A–B) Dorsal and lateral habitus, respectively, C) Face, D) Pygidium, E–F) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral and en-face views, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10113879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10113879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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; Map 1A)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB5FF82FD03A4B9FBE8FA73" box="[707,1080,1441,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB5FF82FD03A4B9FBE8FA73" blockId="9.[707,1080,1441,1463]" box="[707,1080,1441,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="05C70561FFB5FF82FD03A4B9FBE8FA73" box="[707,1080,1441,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<treatmentCitation id="A476045EFFB5FF82FD03A4B9FBE5FA73" author="Fall, H. C." box="[707,1077,1441,1463]" page="329" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB5FF82FD03A4B9FBE5FA73" authority="Fall 1915: 329" authorityName="Fall" authorityPageNumber="329" authorityYear="1915" box="[707,1077,1441,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FD03A4B9FC4CFA73" box="[707,924,1441,1463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Pachybrachys vigilans</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="41465FBEFFB5FF82FC63A4BAFBE5FA73" author="Fall, H. C." box="[931,1077,1442,1463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref15421" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall 1915: 329</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB5FF82FD1BA4CFFC4CF948" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="2568224FFFB5FF82FD1BA4CFFC4CF948" blockId="9.[707,1193,1495,1729]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<materialsCitation id="95BF2812FFB5FF82FD1BA4CFFC48F948" collectionCode="FALL" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FD1BA4CFFCC2FA28" bold="true" box="[731,786,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<typeStatus id="FA6C9CEDFFB5FF82FD1BA4CFFCDEFA28" box="[731,782,1495,1516]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Fall’ s male
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<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB5FF82FC46A4C0FC38FA29" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[902,1000,1495,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FC46A4C0FC38FA29" box="[902,1000,1495,1517]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">P. vigilans</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, labeled “101 // San Felipe / Low, Cal. //
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<specimenCount id="33D1E9C6FFB5FF82FC4BA4E9FC4BF9C3" box="[907,923,1521,1543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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//
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<typeStatus id="FA6C9CEDFFB5FF82FC75A4EAFC20F9C3" box="[949,1008,1522,1543]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">TYPE</typeStatus>
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[printed] / vigilans [hand-inked, white paper] // H. C.
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<collectionCode id="43C6BA8AFFB5FF82FBDFA714FB89F9E5" box="[1055,1113,1548,1569]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">FALL</collectionCode>
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/ COL- LECTION // M.C.Z. /
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<typeStatus id="FA6C9CEDFFB5FF82FC54A73FFC13F9F8" box="[916,963,1575,1596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Type</typeStatus>
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[printed] / 24990 [handinked, red paper] // [circular blue disc signifying dissection by RJB]”, was examined, dissected, and photographed (
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<figureCitation id="BDEC3ECAFFB5FF82FC94A76FFC40F948" box="[852,912,1655,1676]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[197,228,1304,1323]" captionTargetBox="[177,1188,197,1286]" captionTargetId="figure-164@7.[175,1190,194,1288]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Pachybrachis vigilans, lectotype. A–B) Dorsal and lateral habitus, respectively, C) Face, D) Pygidium, E–F) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral and en-face views, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10113879" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10113879/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB5FF81FD1BA789FEA6FB9A" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1026" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" type="description">
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<paragraph id="2568224FFFB5FF81FD1BA789FE6FFC60" blockId="9.[707,1193,1495,1729]" lastBlockId="10.[151,639,193,1729]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1026" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB5FF82FD1BA789FC7EF962" bold="true" box="[731,942,1681,1702]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025">Redescription. Male.</emphasis>
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Pale yellow with fuscous markings, sparse white pubescence; L =
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<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB5FF82FBE7A7B4FB79F905" box="[1063,1193,1707,1729]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.685" metricValueMax="2.94" metricValueMin="2.43" pageId="9" pageNumber="1025" unit="mm" value="2.685" valueMax="2.94" valueMin="2.43">2.43–2.94 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
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||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF33A1DAFE9FFF13" box="[243,335,194,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.64" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="2.64">2.64 mm</quantity>
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,
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE9CA1DAFEB8FF13" box="[348,360,194,215]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
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= 10); W =
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<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2EA1DAFDAEFF13" box="[494,638,193,215]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.365" metricValueMax="1.48" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.365" valueMax="1.48" valueMin="1.25">1.25–1.48 mm</quantity>
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(mean =
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<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF39A1C4FE87FF35" box="[249,343,220,241]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.36" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.36">1.36 mm</quantity>
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,
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEA7A1C4FEA3FF35" box="[359,371,220,241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
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= 10); L/W = 1.88–2.00 (mean = 1.94,
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEE7A1EFFEE3FEC8" box="[295,307,247,268]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
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= 10).
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEBCA1EFFE6BFEC8" bold="true" box="[380,443,247,268]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Head:</emphasis>
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Slightly wider than thoracic apex, HW =
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<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE45A009FDC9FEE2" box="[389,537,273,295]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.05" metricValueMax="9.6" metricValueMin="8.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.905" valueMax="0.96" valueMin="0.85">0.85–0.96 mm</quantity>
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||
(mean =
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||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF57A034FF23FE85" box="[151,243,300,321]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.90 mm</quantity>
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||
,
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF3FA034FEDBFE85" box="[255,267,300,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
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||
= 10); eyes contiguous or nearly so, IOD = 0.00–
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||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FED5A05EFEBBFE9F" box="[277,363,326,347]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE0BA05EFDF4FE9F" box="[459,548,326,347]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.02">0.02 mm</quantity>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FDEFA05FFDEBFE98" box="[559,571,327,348]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); IOD/HW = 0.00–0.08 (mean = 0.02,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FDC2A079FDDEFEB2" box="[514,526,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
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||
= 10); face yellow without markings, evenly punctate; antennae yellow-brown, not reaching elytral declivity.
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<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF21A0A9FE80FE02" bold="true" box="[225,336,433,454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pronotum:</emphasis>
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||
Yellow-brown, widest at basal third, strongly arcuate, punctures to margins, Mshaped macula imperfect; PL =
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||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2BA0FEFDAEFE3F" box="[491,638,485,507]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.845" valueMax="0.91" valueMin="0.78">0.78–0.91 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF31A318FE9BFDD1" box="[241,331,512,533]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.84">0.84 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
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||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE96A319FEB2FDD2" box="[342,354,513,534]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); PW =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2FA318FDAEFDD1" box="[495,638,512,534]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.23" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.06" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.23" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.06">1.06–1.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF33A303FE9FFDF4" box="[243,335,539,560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.18">1.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE9BA303FEB7FDF4" box="[347,359,539,560]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); PL/PW = 0.65–0.74 (mean = 0.71,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEDFA32EFEFBFD8F" box="[287,299,566,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEADA32DFE66FD8E" bold="true" box="[365,438,565,586]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Elytra:</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow with fuscous postscutellar, subapical sutural, humeral knob, and median and subapical marginal spots all quite irregular.
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF3DA39DFEB8FD5E" bold="true" box="[253,360,645,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pygidium:</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow-brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FDF1A39DFDADFD5E" bold="true" box="[561,637,645,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Venter:</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow-brown.
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||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEF8A3B8FEA0FD71" bold="true" box="[312,368,672,693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Legs:</emphasis>
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||
Yellow; front claws not enlarged.
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||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF38A3A2FE8FFD0B" bold="true" box="[248,351,698,719]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe in en-face view with extended PRL with thickened sides, culminating in triangular OS, no protruding nodule, visible setae at ALM; MLW =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2AA212FDADFCDB" box="[490,637,778,800]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.19" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF2AA23DFE92FCFE" box="[234,322,805,826]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.19">0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE8AA23DFE86FCFE" box="[330,342,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Median lobe very wide in lateral view, without distinct ridge or keel; MLL =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF57A242FEF5FCAB" box="[151,293,857,879]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.45" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.445" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.39">0.39–0.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE42A242FE0CFCAB" box="[386,476,858,879]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.43">0.43 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE26A242FE22FCAB" box="[486,498,858,879]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9). Twentyeight males from three
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC062DFFFB6FF81FE61A26CFE01FC4D" box="[417,465,884,905]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
states and one Mexican state were dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FF6FA2B2FEA6FB9A" blockId="10.[151,639,193,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF6FA2B2FF2FFC7B" bold="true" box="[175,255,938,959]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Female.</emphasis>
|
||
As in male, except L =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE31A2B2FDAEFC7B" box="[497,638,937,959]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.245" metricValueMax="3.64" metricValueMin="2.85" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="3.245" valueMax="3.64" valueMin="2.85">2.85–3.64 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF33A2DCFE9EFC1D" box="[243,334,964,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.23" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="3.23">3.23 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE9BA2DCFEB7FC1D" box="[347,359,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); W =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2FA2DCFDAEFC1D" box="[495,638,963,985]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="2.03" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.765" valueMax="2.03" valueMin="1.5">1.50–2.03 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF39A2C7FE86FC30" box="[249,342,991,1012]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.72" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.72">1.72 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEA7A2C7FEA3FC30" box="[359,371,991,1012]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); L/W = 1.75–1.92 (mean = 1.88,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEF7A2E1FE93FBCA" box="[311,323,1017,1038]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); HW =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FE2CA2E1FDAEFBCA" box="[492,638,1017,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.07" metricValueMax="1.22" metricValueMin="0.92" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.07" valueMax="1.22" valueMin="0.92">0.92–1.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF2FA50CFE98FBED" box="[239,328,1044,1065]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.06" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="1.06">1.06 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE94A50CFEB0FBED" box="[340,352,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); IOD = 0.00–
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FDE7A50CFDAEFBED" box="[551,638,1044,1065]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
(mean =
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FF2FA536FE97FB87" box="[239,327,1070,1091]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE93A536FE8FFB87" box="[339,351,1070,1091]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10); IOD/HW = 0.00–0.23 (mean = 0.14,
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEE7A551FEE3FB9A" box="[295,307,1097,1118]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB6FF81FF6FA57BFC11FE6F" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FF6FA57BFD81F948" blockId="10.[151,639,193,1729]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF6FA57BFEC1FBBC" bold="true" box="[175,273,1123,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FED9A57BFE3FFBBD" box="[281,495,1123,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FED9A57BFE3FFBBD" box="[281,495,1123,1145]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pachybrachis vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41465FBEFFB6FF81FF76A566FEF0FB57" author="Fall, H. C." box="[182,288,1150,1171]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref15421" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based upon a single male specimen, and neither Fall’ s personal collection nor the national collection contain any additional examples (personal communication, Rachel L. Hawkins, MCZ; Alex Konstantinov, USNM). Fall noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FF57A41BFF2DFADC" box="[151,253,1282,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF57A41BFF2DFADC" box="[151,253,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FE48A41BFDD3FADC" box="[392,515,1283,1304]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE48A41BFDD3FADC" box="[392,515,1283,1304]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, speculating that additional specimens may prove them to be the same. Dissection of
|
||
<specimenCount id="33D1E9C6FFB6FF81FEA1A420FE69FA89" box="[353,441,1336,1357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" type="male">32 males</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E713ECADFFB6FF81FE3AA420FD99FA89" box="[506,585,1336,1357]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E713ECADFFB6FF81FD95A420FF08FAA3" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E713ECADFFB6FF81FF24A44AFECBFAA3" box="[228,283,1362,1383]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E713ECADFFB6FF81FE8DA44AFEABFAA3" box="[333,379,1362,1383]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Utah</collectingRegion>
|
||
revealed two very similar, but distinct median lobes. The median lobes matching the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FEDFA490FE55FA59" box="[287,389,1415,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEDFA490FE55FA59" box="[287,389,1415,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="FA6C9CEDFFB6FF81FE4EA490FE31FA59" box="[398,481,1416,1437]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
were decidedly shorter and narrower, with no ridge or nodule, as compared to a second cohort, which had a distinct ridge and nodule. Unfortunately, Fall’ s description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FF73A4EAFEFCF9C3" box="[179,300,1522,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF73A4EAFEFCF9C3" box="[179,300,1522,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was based upon a female, thereby eliminating the absolute confirmation of the second cohort as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FF37A73FFEA0F9F8" box="[247,368,1575,1596]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FF37A73FFED3F9F8" box="[247,259,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FED0A73FFEA0F9F8" box="[272,368,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While future research may prove otherwise, I am working under the assumption that cohort two is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FEA9A744FE30F9B5" box="[361,480,1628,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FEA9A744FE30F9B5" box="[361,480,1628,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FDACA744FF32F948" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FDACA744FF32F948" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41465FBEFFB6FF81FE57A76FFD9DF948" author="Riley, E. G. & S. M. Clark & T. N. Seeno" box="[407,589,1654,1676]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" pagination="1 - 290" refId="ref15672" refString="Riley, E. G., S. M. Clark, and T. N. Seeno. 2003. Catalog of the Leaf Beetles of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera: Megalopodidae, Orsodacnidae and Chrysomelidae, excluding Bruchinae). The Coleopterists Society Special Publication No. 1: 1 - 290." type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Riley
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE12A76FFDD4F948" box="[466,516,1654,1676]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FF6FA789FC11FE6F" blockId="10.[151,639,193,1729]" lastBlockId="10.[685,1173,193,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41465FBEFFB6FF81FF6FA789FEC9F962" author="Fall, H. C." box="[175,281,1681,1702]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" pagination="291 - 486" refId="ref15421" refString="Fall, H. C. 1915. A revision of the North American species of Pachybrachys. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 41: 291 - 486." type="journal article" year="1915">Fall (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FE63A789FDD6F963" box="[419,518,1681,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FE63A789FDD6F963" box="[419,518,1681,1703]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the “only species in our fauna, thus far known, with absolutely contiguous eyes”. However, this is based upon a single specimen.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FCA4A1C3FB91FF35" box="[868,1089,219,241]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FCA4A1C3FB91FF35" box="[868,1089,219,241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pachybrachis vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FB42A1C4FCDDFEC8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FB42A1C4FCDDFEC8" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as I have redescribed them here, have interocular distance ranges of 0.00–
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FBCFA009FBB8FEE2" box="[1039,1128,273,294]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.08">0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="E22F8FAAFFB6FF81FD6DA034FCEEFE85" box="[685,830,299,321]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
, respectively. Also, I have seen at least one example of contiguous eyes in a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FB91A05EFD24FEB2" authorityName="Chevrolat" authorityYear="1836" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FB91A05EFD24FEB2" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pachybrachis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen most assuredly not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FBCDA079FBBFFEB2" box="[1037,1135,352,374]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vigilans">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FBCDA079FBC9FEB2" box="[1037,1049,353,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FBE4A078FBBFFEB2" box="[1060,1135,352,374]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">vigilans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FD6DA064FCF8FE55" box="[685,808,380,401]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="integratus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FD6DA064FCF8FE55" box="[685,808,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">P. integratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, possibly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FC4FA063FB44FE54" authority="Fall" authorityName="Fall" authorityYear="1915" box="[911,1172,379,401]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Pachybrachis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bullatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FC4FA063FBB6FE55" box="[911,1126,379,401]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Pachybrachis bullatus</emphasis>
|
||
Fall
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Pima County,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E713ECADFFB6FF81FCADA08EFC6CFE6F" box="[877,956,406,427]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6DCD71C4FFB6FF81FD05A0A9FB9DFD5E" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FD05A0A9FD2FFDD1" blockId="10.[685,1173,193,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FD05A0A9FC96FE02" bold="true" box="[709,838,433,454]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is found in the southwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC062DFFFB6FF81FCF0A0D3FCB0FE24" box="[816,864,459,480]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC062DFFFB6FF81FC22A0D3FBFAFE24" box="[994,1066,459,480]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Map 1A). Arizona, California, and Utah are
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FBEAA0FEFD29FDD1" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">new state records</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FD05A303FBEEFD44" blockId="10.[685,1173,193,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FD05A303FCBEFDF4" bold="true" box="[709,878,539,560]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Biological Notes.</emphasis>
|
||
One specimen from California is labeled as from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2D759CCFFB6FF81FCABA32DFB90FD8E" box="[875,1088,565,587]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FCABA32DFC4AFD8F" box="[875,922,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Salix</emphasis>
|
||
sp. (Salicaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Several specimens were caught via Malaise and blacklight traps in Arizona, California, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5DC062DFFFB6FF81FC2EA373FBEAFD44" box="[1006,1082,619,640]" name="Mexico" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2568224FFFB6FF81FD05A39DFB9DFD5E" blockId="10.[685,1173,193,666]" box="[709,1101,645,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">
|
||
<emphasis id="17A3FE5DFFB6FF81FD05A39DFC74FD5E" bold="true" box="[709,932,645,666]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1026">Specimens Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
See Appendix 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |