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<mods:title id="641AF006580F71C6A390F49663B6B528">Revision and cladistic analysis of the Southeast Asian leaf-dwelling spider genus Calapnita Simon (Araneae, Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="541B0B200224FC6B2C9D7DC019C418DB">Bernhard A. Huber</mods:namePart>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FF6AFBBB2AD9FBFB" ID-CoL="62J6V" ID-ENA="1184357" authority="Simon, 1892" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,430,1086,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF6AFBBB2AD9FBFB" bold="true" box="[151,430,1086,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF6AFBBB2A79FBFB" bold="true" box="[151,270,1086,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calapnita</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FEE9FBBB2AD9FBFB" author="Simon" box="[276,430,1086,1112]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Arachnides. In: Raffray, A., Bolivar, I. &amp; Simon, E. (Eds.), Etude sur les arthropodes cavernicoles de l'ile de Luzon. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FF6AFB002ADAFB38" ID-CoL="62J6V" authority="Simon, 1892: 42" authorityName="Simon" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1892" box="[151,429,1157,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF6AFB002B8BFB38" box="[151,252,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Calapnita</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEF86F85370735FEF9FB002ADAFB38" author="Simon" box="[260,429,1157,1179]" page="42" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1892">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FEF9FB002AFEFB38" author="Simon" box="[260,393,1157,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Arachnides. In: Raffray, A., Bolivar, I. &amp; Simon, E. (Eds.), Etude sur les arthropodes cavernicoles de l'ile de Luzon. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
: 42
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</taxonomicName>
(type species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FDB5FB032818FB38" ID-CoL="PFQ4" authority="Simon, 1892" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1892" box="[584,879,1157,1179]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FDB5FB032997FB38" box="[584,736,1157,1179]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FD15FB002818FB38" author="Simon" box="[744,879,1157,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Simon, E. (1892) Arachnides. In: Raffray, A., Bolivar, I. &amp; Simon, E. (Eds.), Etude sur les arthropodes cavernicoles de l'ile de Luzon. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 61, 35 - 52." type="journal article" year="1892">Simon, 1892</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEF86F85370735FC7CFB002FBEFB38" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[897,1225,1157,1179]" page="205" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FC7CFB002FE1FB38" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[897,1174,1157,1179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1986 b) Studies on tropical Pholcidae II. Redescription of Micromerys gracilis Bradley and Calapnita vermiformis Simon (Araneae, Pholcidae) and description of some related new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 22 (2), 205 - 224. Avaliable from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43242055 (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="b">Deeleman-Reinhold 1986b</bibRefCitation>
: 205
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, 212 (removed from synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FE97FB202A94FB19" ID-CoL="5RZX" box="[362,483,1189,1210]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micromerys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FE97FB202A94FB19" box="[362,483,1189,1210]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micromerys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FE05FB21287BFB19" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[504,780,1188,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1986 a) Leaf-dwelling Pholcidae in Indo-Australian rain forests. International Congress of Arachnology, 9 (Panama, 1983), 45 - 48." type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="a">Deeleman-Reinhold 1986a</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3 (distribution). 
<treatmentCitation id="0ABEF86F85370735FC19FB212FF4FB19" author="Huber" box="[996,1155,1188,1210]" page="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FC19FB212F29FB19" author="Huber" box="[996,1118,1188,1210]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 41
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, 44.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85370735FF6AFB462F6FFB7B" blockId="5.[151,1435,1157,1240]" box="[151,1048,1218,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF6AFB462A50FB7B" box="[151,295,1219,1240]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micromerys—</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FEDAFB472AD2FB7B" author="Simon" box="[295,421,1218,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Simon, E. (1893). Histoire Naturelle des Araignees. Vol. 1. 2 nd Edition. Roret, Paris, 232 pp. [pp. 257 - 488] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 51973" type="book chapter" year="1893">Simon 1893</bibRefCitation>
: 473–474 (synonymy rejected in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85370735FD0AFB472F7AFB7B" author="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[759,1037,1218,1240]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" refString="Deeleman-Reinhold, C. L. (1986 b) Studies on tropical Pholcidae II. Redescription of Micromerys gracilis Bradley and Calapnita vermiformis Simon (Araneae, Pholcidae) and description of some related new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 22 (2), 205 - 224. Avaliable from: http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 43242055 (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1986" yearSuffix="b">Deeleman-Reinhold 1986b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3058DF585370735FF6AFA802F78FA55" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85370735FF6AFA802F78FA55" blockId="5.[151,1437,1285,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF6AFA802A7DFABD" bold="true" box="[151,266,1285,1310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Leaf-dwelling, pale whitish, long-legged pholcids with six eyes and long cylindrical abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FABAFA802BC2FAE1" captionStart-0="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId-0="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." captionText-1="FIGURES 13 – 19. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 13 – 15. C. phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♂♂ from Bako and Ulu Dong, ♀ with parasitized egg-sac from Gunung Liang. 16 – 17. C. bidayuh sp. nov., ♂♂ from Kapit. 18. C. bankirai sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from Niah. 19. C. semengoh Huber, ♂ from Semengoh." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3– 19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF3FFAAF2A5FFAE1" box="[194,296,1322,1346]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStart-1="FIGURES 128 – 133" captionStartId-0="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,264,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionText-0="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." captionText-1="FIGURES 128 – 133. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 128. C. loksado sp. nov., ♂ from Loksado. 129 – 130. C. bohol sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from near Loboc. 131. C. dinagat sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from near Libjo. 132 – 133. C. nunezae sp. nov., ♀ with egg-sac, and ♂ and ♀ at night from Katibawasan." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273105/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">120–133</figureCitation>
); distinguished from similar species in other genera (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FC7EFAAC2F6DFAE2" box="[899,1050,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Leptopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FC7EFAAC2F6DFAE2" box="[899,1050,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Leptopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FBD4FAAF2FD8FAE2" box="[1065,1199,1322,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Micromerys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FBD4FAAF2FD8FAE2" box="[1065,1199,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Micromerys</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FB43FAAC2E6FFAE2" box="[1214,1304,1321,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FB43FAAC2E6FFAE2" box="[1214,1304,1321,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FADAFAAF2EE5FAE2" box="[1319,1426,1322,1345]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Panjange" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FADAFAAF2EE5FAE2" box="[1319,1426,1322,1345]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Panjange</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) by combination of: (1) eye triads barely elevated above carapace (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC6CFAC8289DFAC5" box="[913,1002,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC04FAC82F60FAC5" box="[1017,1047,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FBD8FACB2F32FAC5" box="[1061,1093,1358,1382]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">79</figureCitation>
); (2) abdomen posteriorly not drawn out into dorsal cone (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FE28FAF4293DFA29" box="[469,586,1393,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FDAAFAF729F3FA29" box="[599,644,1394,1418]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">121</figureCitation>
); (3) male chelicerae frontal apophyses present, with scaly cuticle but without modified hairs (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FE5EFA102954FA0D" box="[419,547,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Calapnita lehi sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 26 – 27. Male cheliceral apophyses. 28. Right procursus, prolateral view. 29. Tip of bulbal appendix. 30. Comb-hair on male tarsus 4. 31. Male ALS. 32. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (26, 27, 30, 31), 50 µm (28, 29, 32)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273092/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FDD2FA13293AFA0D" box="[559,589,1430,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">38</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FDA5FA1329F1FA0D" box="[600,646,1430,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">273</figureCitation>
); (4) tip of male palpal trochanter apophysis not serrated (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FABFFA102EE0FA0D" box="[1346,1431,1429,1454]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF6AFA3F2BC1FA71" box="[151,182,1466,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF3FFA3F2B87FA71" box="[194,240,1466,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">138</figureCitation>
); (5) procursus ‘knee’ without long transparent process (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC58FA3C288BFA71" box="[933,1020,1465,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 – 106" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1719,1741]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,195,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 98 – 106. Calapnita phasmoides Deeleman-Reinhold (98 – 102; ♂ from Tumbang Tahai, RMNH, ARA 17451, ♀ from Sepaku, RMNH, ARA 17379) and C. sp. from Ulu Senegang (103 – 106; RMNH, ARA 17810, 17812). 98 – 100, 103 – 105. Left procursi, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 101, 106. Left bulbal appendices (a), prolateral views (e, embolus; arrow points at membranous process). 102. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (arrow points at membranous sac). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (98 – 101, 103 – 106; all male structures at same scale), 0.3 mm (102)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273101/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 98</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FBF4FA3F2F40FA71" box="[1033,1079,1466,1490]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">134</figureCitation>
); (6) embolus parallel to bulbal appendix (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FEB9FA582AEDFA55" box="[324,410,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FE5BFA5B2AA3FA55" box="[422,468,1502,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">274</figureCitation>
); (7) epigynum with ‘knob’ (e.g. 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FCB4FA5828E8FA55" box="[841,927,1501,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 43</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC56FA5B28BEFA55" box="[939,969,1502,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC28FA5B2F74FA55" box="[981,1027,1502,1526]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">280</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3058DF58537073BFF3AF9842A02FEBE" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85370736FF3AF9842FC0FCFF" blockId="5.[151,1437,1285,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FF3AF9842A26F9B9" bold="true" box="[199,337,1537,1562]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description</emphasis>
. Total body length ~3.5–7.0; carapace width 0.8–1.1; leg 1 length ~26–43; tibia 1 length ~5.5– 11.0; tibia 2/tibia 4 length &lt;
<quantity id="4CE7739B85370735FE33F9A0296AF99D" box="[462,541,1573,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="0.95">0.95 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FDD9F9A329BCF99E" box="[548,715,1573,1597]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FDD9F9A329BCF99E" box="[548,715,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group,&gt; 
<quantity id="4CE7739B85370735FCCFF9A028F7F99D" box="[818,896,1573,1598]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.667" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="in" value="1.05">1.05 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FC7AF9A32F6FF99E" box="[903,1048,1573,1597]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FC7AF9A32F6FF99E" box="[903,1048,1573,1597]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; tibia 1 L/d ~95–125. Color in life (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF1AF9CC2A2DF9C1" box="[231,346,1609,1634]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStart-1="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId-0="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionStartId-1="10.[151,264,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetId-0="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId-1="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." captionText-1="FIGURES 13 – 19. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 13 – 15. C. phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♂♂ from Bako and Ulu Dong, ♀ with parasitized egg-sac from Gunung Liang. 16 – 17. C. bidayuh sp. nov., ♂♂ from Kapit. 18. C. bankirai sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from Niah. 19. C. semengoh Huber, ♂ from Semengoh." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273090/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 3–19</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FE99F9CF2ABFF9C1" box="[356,456,1610,1634]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStart-1="FIGURES 128 – 133" captionStartId-0="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionStartId-1="32.[151,264,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId-1="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId-0="31" captionTargetPageId-1="32" captionText-0="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." captionText-1="FIGURES 128 – 133. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 128. C. loksado sp. nov., ♂ from Loksado. 129 – 130. C. bohol sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from near Loboc. 131. C. dinagat sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from near Libjo. 132 – 133. C. nunezae sp. nov., ♀ with egg-sac, and ♂ and ♀ at night from Katibawasan." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/273105/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">120–133</figureCitation>
) mostly pale ochre-yellow to whitish, usually without any darker dorsal marks, sternum mostly whitish but in males of one species group brown, legs with brown patellae and tibia-metatarsus joints. Carapace without median furrow; ocular area not raised, eye triads barely elevated above carapace (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FAEFF9142E1CF909" box="[1298,1387,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FA84F9142EE0F909" box="[1401,1431,1681,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">65</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF6AF9332BC0F96D" box="[151,183,1718,1742]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">79</figureCitation>
). AME absent. Clypeus moderately high, unmodified. Abdomen very long cylindrical, never angular (or drawn out into cone) above spinnerets (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FDF4F95C290AF951" box="[521,637,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 9, 10</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FD76F95F29CFF951" box="[651,696,1754,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">121</figureCitation>
). Male gonopore with four epiandrous spigots (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FB2EF95C2E5BF951" box="[1235,1324,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 40</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FAC5F95C2E21F951" box="[1336,1366,1753,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 97" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 97. Calapnita subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16004 – 05). 89. Male cheliceral apophyses. 90 – 91. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-dorsal and retrolateral views. 92. Left procursus tip, prolaterodorsal view. 93. Left genital bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process). 94 – 95. Male and female ALS (arrows point at PMS spigots). 96. Male gonopore. 97. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (94 – 96), 50 µm (89 – 92), 100 µm (93, 97)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">96</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FA9EF95F2EE7F951" box="[1379,1424,1754,1778]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Calapnita anai sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Mal 207). 112. Male cheliceral apophysis. 113. Tip of right procursus, prolateral view. 114. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral view. 115. Tips of left embolus and appendix (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 116 – 117. Male and female ALS (asterisk marks area where one spigot it absent). 118. Male gonopore. 119. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (112, 116, 117), 50 µm (113, 114, 118), 100 µm (115, 119)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273103/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">118</figureCitation>
). Each ALS either with only two spigots (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FD9DF97B287FF8B6" box="[608,776,1789,1813]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FD9DF97B287FF8B6" box="[608,776,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: large widened spigot and pointed spigot; 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FACEF9782BB4F899" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 278, 279</figureCitation>
) or with eight spigots (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FE26F8A72918F89A" box="[475,623,1825,1849]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FE26F8A72918F89A" box="[475,623,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: large widened spigot and pointed spigot, and six (rarely five) cylindrically shaped spigots of varying sizes; 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FD5EF8C0298CF8FD" box="[675,763,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Calapnita lehi sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 26 – 27. Male cheliceral apophyses. 28. Right procursus, prolateral view. 29. Tip of bulbal appendix. 30. Comb-hair on male tarsus 4. 31. Male ALS. 32. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (26, 27, 30, 31), 50 µm (28, 29, 32)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273092/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 31</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FCF5F8C32824F8FD" box="[776,851,1862,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">41, 44</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC9CF8C32808F8FD" box="[865,895,1862,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">78</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC70F8C328AFF8FD" box="[909,984,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 97" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 97. Calapnita subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16004 – 05). 89. Male cheliceral apophyses. 90 – 91. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-dorsal and retrolateral views. 92. Left procursus tip, prolaterodorsal view. 93. Left genital bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process). 94 – 95. Male and female ALS (arrows point at PMS spigots). 96. Male gonopore. 97. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (94 – 96), 50 µm (89 – 92), 100 µm (93, 97)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">94, 95</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FC18F8C02F3CF8FD" box="[997,1099,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Calapnita anai sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Mal 207). 112. Male cheliceral apophysis. 113. Tip of right procursus, prolateral view. 114. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral view. 115. Tips of left embolus and appendix (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 116 – 117. Male and female ALS (asterisk marks area where one spigot it absent). 118. Male gonopore. 119. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (112, 116, 117), 50 µm (113, 114, 118), 100 µm (115, 119)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273103/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">116, 117</figureCitation>
); PMS with two spigots each (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FF62F8EC2B80F821" box="[159,247,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 97" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 97. Calapnita subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16004 – 05). 89. Male cheliceral apophyses. 90 – 91. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-dorsal and retrolateral views. 92. Left procursus tip, prolaterodorsal view. 93. Left genital bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process). 94 – 95. Male and female ALS (arrows point at PMS spigots). 96. Male gonopore. 97. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (94 – 96), 50 µm (89 – 92), 100 µm (93, 97)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273100/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 95</figureCitation>
). Male chelicerae distal apophyses with scaly cuticle, without modified hairs (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FB65F8EC2E55F821" box="[1176,1314,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Calapnita lehi sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 26 – 27. Male cheliceral apophyses. 28. Right procursus, prolateral view. 29. Tip of bulbal appendix. 30. Comb-hair on male tarsus 4. 31. Male ALS. 32. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (26, 27, 30, 31), 50 µm (28, 29, 32)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273092/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 26, 27</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FACEF8EF2E26F821" box="[1331,1361,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">38</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FA9FF8EF2EF8F821" box="[1378,1423,1898,1922]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">273</figureCitation>
), proximal lateral processes either in usual proximal position (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FCBEF80B28A3F806" box="[835,980,1933,1957]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FCBEF80B28A3F806" box="[835,980,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FB99F8082FCDF805" box="[1124,1210,1933,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 42</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FB3BF80B2F93F805" box="[1222,1252,1934,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">72</figureCitation>
) or in unusually distal position (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FEB8F8372A9BF86A" box="[325,492,1969,1993]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FEB8F8372A9BF86A" box="[325,492,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FD87F83429A9F869" box="[634,734,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 136</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FD17F834286FF869" box="[746,792,1969,1994]" captionStart="FIGURES 142 – 155" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 142 – 155. Calapnita bariengi sp. nov. from Niah (142 – 149; ZFMK, Ar 16024) and from Kapit (150 – 155; ZFMK, Ar 16025). 142 – 143, 150 – 151. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 144, 152. Left palpal femora, prolateral views. 145, 153. Left palpal trochanters, retrolateral views. 146 – 147, 154 – 155. Right male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 148. Epigynum, ventral view. 149. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (142 – 143, 150 – 151), 0.3 mm (144 – 149, 152 – 155)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273107/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">146</figureCitation>
); chelicerae without stridulatory ridges. Male palpal coxa unmodified; trochanter with retrolatero-ventral apophysis either simple (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85370735FC11F8532FF3F84E" box="[1004,1156,2005,2029]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85370735FC11F8532FF3F84E" box="[1004,1156,2005,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FB18F8502E36F84D" box="[1253,1345,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Figs 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85370735FAAFF8532E18F84D" box="[1362,1391,2006,2030]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">34</figureCitation>
) or distinctively hooked and sclerotized (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FDC6FF1D2995FF13" box="[571,738,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FDC6FF1D2995FF13" box="[571,738,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC8DFF1228A4FF13" box="[880,979,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 138</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC22FF122F32FF13" box="[991,1093,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 142 – 155" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 142 – 155. Calapnita bariengi sp. nov. from Niah (142 – 149; ZFMK, Ar 16024) and from Kapit (150 – 155; ZFMK, Ar 16025). 142 – 143, 150 – 151. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 144, 152. Left palpal femora, prolateral views. 145, 153. Left palpal trochanters, retrolateral views. 146 – 147, 154 – 155. Right male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 148. Epigynum, ventral view. 149. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (142 – 143, 150 – 151), 0.3 mm (144 – 149, 152 – 155)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">145, 153</figureCitation>
); femur either barely modified (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF5DFF392A41FF77" box="[160,310,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF5DFF392A41FF77" box="[160,310,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; with ventral process in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FD49FF392873FF77" box="[692,772,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehi">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FD49FF392873FF77" box="[692,772,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. lehi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCE5FF392804FF77" box="[792,883,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC79FF3928D6FF77" box="[900,929,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34</figureCitation>
) or with distinctive series of three ventral sclerotized processes (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE6FFF65294EFF5B" box="[402,569,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE6FFF65294EFF5B" box="[402,569,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD38FF5A285FFF5B" box="[709,808,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 139</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCCEFF6528EEFF5B" box="[819,921,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 142 – 155" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 142 – 155. Calapnita bariengi sp. nov. from Niah (142 – 149; ZFMK, Ar 16024) and from Kapit (150 – 155; ZFMK, Ar 16025). 142 – 143, 150 – 151. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 144, 152. Left palpal femora, prolateral views. 145, 153. Left palpal trochanters, retrolateral views. 146 – 147, 154 – 155. Right male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 148. Epigynum, ventral view. 149. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (142 – 143, 150 – 151), 0.3 mm (144 – 149, 152 – 155)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">144, 152</figureCitation>
); patella usually short (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FB66FF5A2F86FF5B" box="[1179,1265,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FB01FF652E6CFF5B" box="[1276,1307,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34</figureCitation>
), unusually long in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF0FFE812AF2FEBF" box="[242,389,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semengoh">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF0FFE812AF2FEBF" box="[242,389,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. semengoh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(figs 
<quantity id="4CE7739B85340736FE31FE812939FEBE" box="[460,590,260,285]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8133" metricValueMax="4.826" metricValueMin="4.8006" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="189.5" valueMax="190.0" valueMin="189.0">189–190 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85340736FDA5FE812994FEBF" author="Huber" box="[600,739,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
); tibia with two trichobothria; palpal tarsus with short coneshaped or turret-shaped whitish dorsal process carrying tarsal organ (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC3EFEA22F69FEE3" box="[963,1054,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 21</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FBD2FEAD2F39FEE3" box="[1071,1102,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">34</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FBA0FEA22F0CFEE3" box="[1117,1147,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FB71FEAD2FDCFEE3" box="[1164,1195,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">73</figureCitation>
); palpal tarsal organ exposed or capsulate (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FE70FEC92A94FEC6" box="[397,483,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 66</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FE12FEC92979FEC7" box="[495,526,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">73</figureCitation>
; figs 
<quantity id="4CE7739B85340736FDB4FEC929B0FEC6" box="[585,711,332,357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8145719999999996" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="in" value="150.18">150, 180 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85340736FD30FEC92823FEC7" author="Huber" box="[717,852,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
); procursus without parallel ridges, proximal ventral ‘knee’ never with long transparent process (short process in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FCC4FEF528F3FE2B" box="[825,900,368,392]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehi">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FCC4FEF528F3FE2B" box="[825,900,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. lehi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC6FFEEA2893FE2B" box="[914,996,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
), without hinged parts (except possibly 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF6AFE112B95FE0F" box="[151,226,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehi">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF6AFE112B95FE0F" box="[151,226,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. lehi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FF0DFE112A04FE0F" box="[240,371,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 20–22</figureCitation>
); bulb with strong proximal sclerite connecting to tarsus (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC07FE112F25FE0F" box="[1018,1106,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FBA3FE112F0AFE0F" box="[1118,1149,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">33</figureCitation>
), with weakly sclerotized embolus (with unique sclerotized widening in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FD5CFE3D287FFE73" box="[673,776,440,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubah">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FD5CFE3D287FFE73" box="[673,776,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. kubah</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCB1FE3228D4FE73" box="[844,931,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC52FE3D28B9FE73" box="[943,974,440,464]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">39</figureCitation>
; in some species with serrated edge, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FA92FE322BC3FE56" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
) and variable appendix (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE20FE5929FEFE57" box="[477,649,476,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE20FE5929FEFE57" box="[477,649,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: weakly sclerotized pointed process, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FB6CFE592F81FE57" box="[1169,1270,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 274</figureCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FAFAFE592EEBFE57" box="[1287,1436,476,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FAFAFE592EEBFE57" box="[1287,1436,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: sclerotized process, e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FDF9FE7A292BFDBB" box="[516,604,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 20 – 25" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1735,1757]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,193,1708]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1714]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 20 – 25. Calapnita lehi sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 20 – 21. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk: membranous bulbal process; arrow points at short membranous process from ‘ knee’). 22. Procursus, dorsal view. 23. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 24 – 25. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (23 – 25), 0.5 mm (20 – 22)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273091/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 20</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD95FD8529F1FDBB" box="[616,646,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD6EFD8529C4FDBB" box="[659,691,512,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 54" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,337,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,333,1629]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 54. Calapnita phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, specimens from Bukit Bankirai (45 – 49; ZFMK, Ar 15973) and Bako (50 – 54; ZFMK, Ar 15976 – 77). 45 – 46, 50 – 51. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 47, 52. Left bulbal appendices, prolateral views (arrow points at shallow depression). 48, 53. Epigyna, ventral views. 49, 54. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views (arrows point at membranous sacs). Scale lines 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273095/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47</figureCitation>
); uncus absent, possibly present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FBB9FD852FA1FDBB" box="[1092,1238,512,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FBB9FD852FA1FDBB" box="[1092,1238,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group in form of small membranous (sometimes worm-shaped) process (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCF0FDA12811FD9F" box="[781,870,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 37" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1912,1934]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,455,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[186,1401,455,1880]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 37. Calapnita kubah sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 33 – 34. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views (asterisk marks membranous process). 35. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 36 – 37. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; f, femur; p, procursus; tr, trochanter. Scale lines: 0.3 mm (35 – 37), 0.5 mm (33 – 34)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273093/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 33</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC8EFDA128E6FD9F" box="[883,913,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 54" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,337,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,333,1629]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 54. Calapnita phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, specimens from Bukit Bankirai (45 – 49; ZFMK, Ar 15973) and Bako (50 – 54; ZFMK, Ar 15976 – 77). 45 – 46, 50 – 51. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 47, 52. Left bulbal appendices, prolateral views (arrow points at shallow depression). 48, 53. Epigyna, ventral views. 49, 54. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views (arrows point at membranous sacs). Scale lines 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273095/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">47</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC62FDA128CAFD9F" box="[927,957,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">74</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC37FDA1289EFD9F" box="[970,1001,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 97" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 97. Calapnita subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16004 – 05). 89. Male cheliceral apophyses. 90 – 91. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-dorsal and retrolateral views. 92. Left procursus tip, prolaterodorsal view. 93. Left genital bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process). 94 – 95. Male and female ALS (arrows point at PMS spigots). 96. Male gonopore. 97. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (94 – 96), 50 µm (89 – 92), 100 µm (93, 97)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">93</figureCitation>
). Legs without spines, without curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium very proximal (tibia 1: at 1.5–3.5% of tibia length), prolateral trichobothrium absent on tibia 1, present on other tibiae; tarsal pseudosegments usually not or barely visible in dissecting microscope; tarsus 4 with single row of ventral comb-hairs of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FC2AFD152F46FD0B" box="[983,1073,656,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FC2AFD152F46FD0B" box="[983,1073,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- 
<typeStatus id="54A460DC85340736FBC5FD152F1DFD0B" box="[1080,1130,656,680]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
(cf. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85340736FB5FFD0A2BA6FD6F" author="Huber" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huber, B. A. &amp; Fleckenstein, N. (2008) Comb-hairs on the fourth tarsi in pholcid spiders (Araneae, Pholcidae). Journal of Arachnology, 36, 232 - 240." type="journal article" year="2008">Huber &amp; Fleckenstein 2008</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FF15FD312A37FD6F" box="[232,320,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1907,1929]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,303,1885]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Calapnita lehi sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15965 – 66). 26 – 27. Male cheliceral apophyses. 28. Right procursus, prolateral view. 29. Tip of bulbal appendix. 30. Comb-hair on male tarsus 4. 31. Male ALS. 32. Epigynum, ventral view. Scale lines: 10 µm (26, 27, 30, 31), 50 µm (28, 29, 32)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273092/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 30</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FEB0FD312A0CFD6F" box="[333,379,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURES 272 – 280" captionStartId="53.[151,264,1905,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@53.[151,1436,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="53" captionText="FIGURES 272 – 280. Calapnita nunezae sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16064 – 65). 272 – 273. Male cheliceral apophyses. 274. Right genital bulb, prolateral view. 275 – 276. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral and retrolatero-ventral views. 277. Comb-hairs on tarsus 4. 278 – 279. Male and female ALS. 280. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (272, 273, 277 – 279), 100 µm (274 – 276, 280)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273115/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">277</figureCitation>
). Females in general similar to males, eye triads usually slightly closer together, legs slightly shorter. Epigynum weakly sclerotized, either a roughly triangular plate with anterior scape or ‘knob’ (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FA7FFD5D2A69FCB7" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FA7FFD5D2A69FCB7" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FE52FD792964FCB7" box="[431,531,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 134 – 141" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1490,1512]" captionTargetBox="[158,1426,203,1462]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[151,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 134 – 141. Calapnita bario sp. nov. (ZFMK, Ar 16022). 134 – 135. Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views (arrow points at ventro-distal sclerite). 136 – 137. Right male chelicera, frontal and lateral views. 138. Left palpal trochanter, retrolateral view. 139. Left palpal femur, prolateral view. 140. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. 141. Epigynum, ventral view (arrow points at ‘ knob’). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (134 – 135), 0.3 mm (136 – 141)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273106/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 141</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FDDCFD79293BFCB7" box="[545,588,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURES 142 – 155" captionStartId="35.[151,264,1884,1906]" captionTargetBox="[167,1420,193,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@35.[151,1436,193,1885]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURES 142 – 155. Calapnita bariengi sp. nov. from Niah (142 – 149; ZFMK, Ar 16024) and from Kapit (150 – 155; ZFMK, Ar 16025). 142 – 143, 150 – 151. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 144, 152. Left palpal femora, prolateral views. 145, 153. Left palpal trochanters, retrolateral views. 146 – 147, 154 – 155. Right male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 148. Epigynum, ventral view. 149. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.5 mm (142 – 143, 150 – 151), 0.3 mm (144 – 149, 152 – 155)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273107/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">148</figureCitation>
) or roughly rectangular or trapezoidal area with folded (extensible) cuticle and posterior ‘knob’ (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE6CFCA52953FC9B" box="[401,548,800,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE6CFCA52953FC9B" box="[401,548,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD83FC9A29A2FC9B" box="[638,725,799,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 38 – 44" captionStartId="15.[151,264,1525,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,193,1504]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 38 – 44. Calapnita kubah sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15970 – 71). 38. Male cheliceral apophysis. 39. Right bulbal appendix and embolus, prolateral view (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 40. Male gonopore. 41. Male ALS. 42. Male prosoma, frontal view. 43. Epigynum, ventral view. 44. Female ALS. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (38, 41, 44), 30 µm (40), 100 µm (39, 42, 43)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273094/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 43</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD1EFCA52876FC9B" box="[739,769,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 71" captionStartId="20.[151,264,1605,1627]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[151,1436,193,1584]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 71. Calapnita bidayuh sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15992 – 93). 65. Male prosoma, frontal view. 66. Male palpal tarsal organ. 67 – 68. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-ventral and retrolateral views (arrows point at distal spine-like process). 69. Split hair on procursus. 70. Tips of right appendix and embolus, retrolateral view. 71. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (66, 69), 100 µm (65, 67, 68, 70, 71)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273097/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">71</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCF2FCA52859FC9B" box="[783,814,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 72 – 80" captionStartId="23.[151,264,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,193,1838]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURES 72 – 80. Calapnita semengoh Huber, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 15999 – 16000). 72. Male chelicerae, oblique frontal view. 73. Male palpal tarsal organ. 74. Basis of left bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process; asterisk marks unidentified structure). 75. Detail of embolus, showing serrated edge. 76. Tips of procursus and embolus (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 77. Split hair on procursus. 78. Male ALS. 79. Female prosoma, frontal view. 80. Epigynum, ventral view. b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (73, 75, 77, 78), 50 µm (74), 100 µm (72, 76, 79, 80)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273098/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">80</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FCC6FCA5282DFC9B" box="[827,858,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 89 – 97" captionStartId="26.[151,264,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,193,1837]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURES 89 – 97. Calapnita subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Ar 16004 – 05). 89. Male cheliceral apophyses. 90 – 91. Right procursus tip, retrolatero-dorsal and retrolateral views. 92. Left procursus tip, prolaterodorsal view. 93. Left genital bulb, prolateral view (arrow points at membranous process). 94 – 95. Male and female ALS (arrows point at PMS spigots). 96. Male gonopore. 97. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; b, genital bulb; e, embolus; p, procursus. Scale lines: 10 µm (94 – 96), 50 µm (89 – 92), 100 µm (93, 97)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273100/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">97</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC9BFCA528E4FC9B" box="[870,915,800,824]" captionStart="FIGURES 112 – 119" captionStartId="30.[151,264,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetId="figure@30.[151,1436,193,1800]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURES 112 – 119. Calapnita anai sp. nov., SEM micrographs (ZFMK, Mal 207). 112. Male cheliceral apophysis. 113. Tip of right procursus, prolateral view. 114. Tip of left procursus, retrolateral view. 115. Tips of left embolus and appendix (arrow points at sperm duct opening). 116 – 117. Male and female ALS (asterisk marks area where one spigot it absent). 118. Male gonopore. 119. Epigynum, ventral view. a, appendix; e, embolus. Scale lines: 10 µm (112, 116, 117), 50 µm (113, 114, 118), 100 µm (115, 119)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273103/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">119</figureCitation>
); internal genitalia with pair of pore plates of variable shape, sometimes with paired or unpaired membranous ‘sacs’ (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FC0FFCC12F05FCFE" box="[1010,1138,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURES 45 – 54" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1651,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1427,337,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,333,1629]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 45 – 54. Calapnita phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, specimens from Bukit Bankirai (45 – 49; ZFMK, Ar 15973) and Bako (50 – 54; ZFMK, Ar 15976 – 77). 45 – 46, 50 – 51. Left procursi, prolateral and retrolateral views. 47, 52. Left bulbal appendices, prolateral views (arrow points at shallow depression). 48, 53. Epigyna, ventral views. 49, 54. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal views (arrows point at membranous sacs). Scale lines 0.3 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273095/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figs 49, 54</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FB80FCC12FDCFCFF" box="[1149,1195,836,860]" captionStart="FIGURES 98 – 106" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1719,1741]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,195,1685]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,193,1698]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 98 – 106. Calapnita phasmoides Deeleman-Reinhold (98 – 102; ♂ from Tumbang Tahai, RMNH, ARA 17451, ♀ from Sepaku, RMNH, ARA 17379) and C. sp. from Ulu Senegang (103 – 106; RMNH, ARA 17810, 17812). 98 – 100, 103 – 105. Left procursi, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 101, 106. Left bulbal appendices (a), prolateral views (e, embolus; arrow points at membranous process). 102. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view (arrow points at membranous sac). Scale lines: 0.5 mm (98 – 101, 103 – 106; all male structures at same scale), 0.3 mm (102)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273101/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">102</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85340736FF3AFCE22E78FBFB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF3AFCE22A1EFC23" bold="true" box="[199,361,871,896]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Relationships</emphasis>
. Using NONA with “hold/100, mult*200” (or “hold/10; mult*10.000”), “amb-”, and equal character weights for the matrix in Appendix 1 resulted in two most parsimonious cladograms with a length of 43 (Ci = 81; Ri = 95). The same two cladograms were obtained when using TNT with implicit enumeration, Pee-Wee with implied character weighting (with the constant of concavity K = 1–5), and NONA with successive character weighting. The cladogram shown in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FDBEFC7229FFFBB3" box="[579,648,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
is the strict consensus of these two cladograms. Variation occurred mostly among outgroup taxa (not further discussed here), and in the character support for (but not the relationships among) 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF0EFBC52A13FBFB" box="[243,356,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF0EFBC52A13FBFB" box="[243,356,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its two major subgroups, the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FD22FBC52807FBFB" box="[735,880,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FD22FBC52807FBFB" box="[735,880,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FBEAFBC52FB7FBFB" box="[1047,1216,1088,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FBEAFBC52FB7FBFB" box="[1047,1216,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85340736FF3AFBE12FF0FB4B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
As expected from the low number of characters, Jackknifing (in TNT, 5000 replicates) resulted in low support values (&lt;70) for most clades. Exceptions were the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FD31FB0D2803FB03" box="[716,884,1160,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FD31FB0D2803FB03" box="[716,884,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (99), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FBFDFB0D2FE7FB03" box="[1024,1168,1160,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FBFDFB0D2FE7FB03" box="[1024,1168,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+ closest relatives (94), and the clade including 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE5FFB292960FB67" box="[418,535,1196,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinagat">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE5FFB292960FB67" box="[418,535,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. dinagat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FDC1FB2929ADFB67" box="[572,730,1196,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maragusan">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FDC1FB2929ADFB67" box="[572,730,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. maragusan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FD00FB292848FB67" box="[765,831,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
(86). The 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FC49FB292F32FB67" box="[948,1093,1196,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FC49FB292F32FB67" box="[948,1093,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group had a support of 66, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF22FB552A38FB4B" box="[223,335,1232,1256]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF22FB552A38FB4B" box="[223,335,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only 46 (new technology search) and 44 (traditional search) respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85340736FF3AFB71284BF98B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF3AFB712A4FFAAF" box="[199,312,1268,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF3AFB712A4FFAAF" box="[199,312,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is resolved as monophyletic, supported by the flat ocular area, the worm-shaped abdomen, the reduction of the web to a layer of silk closely attached to the leaf surface, and (in the consensus cladogram only) the absence of an uncus. In a previous analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85340736FD40FABE283EFAF0" author="Huber" box="[701,841,1339,1364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
), the bulbal processes were coded differently, which resulted in different support for 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FDD9FADB29E3FAD5" box="[548,660,1374,1398]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FDD9FADB29E3FAD5" box="[548,660,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The only bulbal process in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FBCEFADA2F94FAD5" box="[1075,1251,1374,1398]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FBCEFADA2F94FAD5" box="[1075,1251,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group and the membranous process in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE2CFA072915FA39" box="[465,610,1410,1434]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE2CFA072915FA39" box="[465,610,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group were both considered to be an uncus; the former is here seen as an appendix, while the latter is seen as a newly evolved structure. In the absence of intermediate forms or ontogenetic data, the question of homology in these cases is difficult to solve convincingly. An alternative plausible coding (uncus present in 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FE8FFA68297DF9A7" box="[370,522,1516,1540]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FE8FFA68297DF9A7" box="[370,522,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, represented by membranous bulbal process) resulted in longer most parsimonious cladograms (44 steps) and was thus discarded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85340736FF3AF9B62FD8F8BC" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Both species groups within 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FDFDF9B62906F9E8" box="[512,625,1587,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FDFDF9B62906F9E8" box="[512,625,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are recovered, but as in the previous analysis (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F85340736FB7CF9B62E7CF9E8" author="Huber" box="[1153,1291,1587,1612]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
), only the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FA7FF9B62A69F9CC" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FA7FF9B62A69F9CC" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is strongly supported by several characters, while the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FC05F9D22FFAF9CD" box="[1016,1165,1622,1646]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FC05F9D22FFAF9CD" box="[1016,1165,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group remains weakly supported. Six characters unambiguously support the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FD0BF9FF28E8F931" box="[758,927,1658,1682]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FD0BF9FF28E8F931" box="[758,927,1658,1682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group: reduction of ALS spigots to two (per spinneret); tibia 2 significantly shorter (&lt;0.96 x) than tibia 4; femur 1 significantly longer (&gt;1.05 x) than tibia 1; male palpal trochanter apophysis strongly curved and sclerotized; male palpal femur ventrally serrated; and appendix reduced to slender membranous process. The 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FCE9F96028DFF95E" box="[788,936,1765,1789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FCE9F96028DFF95E" box="[788,936,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is unambiguously supported by only one character, the membranous bulbal process that may or may not be derived from an uncus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85340736FF3AF8AE2F58F856" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FEBEF8A92AA3F8E0" box="[323,468,1835,1859]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FEBEF8A92AA3F8E0" box="[323,468,1835,1859]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, most species share a membranous process on the bulb that is worm-shaped and a paired or unpaired membranous ‘sac’ in the female internal genitalia. Four of the species included (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FA7FF8CA2A6AF829" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deelemanae">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FA7FF8CA2A6AF829" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. deelemanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FEC2F8F62AE6F829" box="[319,401,1907,1930]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anai">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FEC2F8F62AE6F829" box="[319,401,1907,1930]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. anai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FE49F8F72A84F828" box="[436,499,1906,1931]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) share an egg-sac where all eggs are lined up in a single row. The other four species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FF5DF8132A43F80D" box="[160,308,1942,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FF5DF8132A43F80D" box="[160,308,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FEA1F8132A98F80D" box="[348,495,1942,1966]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semengoh">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FEA1F8132A98F80D" box="[348,495,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. semengoh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB85340736FDE5F810292DF80D" box="[536,602,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) are united by several characters: male palpal tarsal organ situated on a turret-like process of the tarsus; serrated edge of the embolus; and drop-shaped pore plates. Within this clade, all species but 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD85340736FEE4F8582ADDF856" box="[281,426,2013,2037]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85340736FEE4F8582ADDF856" box="[281,426,2013,2037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
share the distinctive split hairs dorsally on the procursus.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF608EF685350737FF6AF8D0281FF80A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E85350737FF6AF8D0281FF80A" blockId="7.[151,1436,1877,1961]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B96B026C85350737FF6AF8D02A78F8C8" bold="true" box="[151,271,1877,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF608EF6853A0738FF6AFB162A8CFB64" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273088/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[151,1436,187,1149]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853A0738FF6AFB162A8CFB64" blockId="8.[151,1435,1171,1223]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF6AFB162A7AFB0A" bold="true" box="[151,269,1171,1193]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Known distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FDFEFB16291FFB0A" box="[515,616,1171,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FDFEFB16291FFB0A" box="[515,616,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. For distributions of individual species see Figs 281–282 (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FB3CFB162E50FB0A" box="[1217,1319,1171,1193]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FB3CFB162E50FB0A" box="[1217,1319,1171,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group) and Figs 283–284 (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FECDFB342ADCFB64" box="[304,427,1201,1223]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FECDFB342ADCFB64" box="[304,427,1201,1223]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853A0738FF3AFB7129A8FA41" blockId="8.[151,1437,1268,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Within the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FEB6FB702A80FAAF" box="[331,503,1268,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FEB6FB702A80FAAF" box="[331,503,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, most species are united by a bipartite male cheliceral apophysis. In two species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FF06FA9D2A00FA8C" box="[251,375,1303,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saluang">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF06FA9D2A00FA8C" box="[251,375,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. saluang</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FE75FA9D2A9FFA8C" box="[392,488,1303,1327]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bugis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FE75FA9D2A9FFA8C" box="[392,488,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. bugis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the proximal part of this bipartite apophysis is very thin; these two species also share unusually strong and regular fringes distally on the embolus. Several species (mostly from the Philippines, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FF3AFADA2A48FAD5" box="[199,319,1374,1398]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="loksado">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF3AFADA2A48FAD5" box="[199,319,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. loksado</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Borneo) share a continuous rather than distinct transition between epigynal plate and ‘knob’; within this clade, four species from Mindanao (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FD4EFA07285DFA39" box="[691,810,1410,1434]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinagat">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FD4EFA07285DFA39" box="[691,810,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dinagat</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FCACFA072886FA39" box="[849,1009,1410,1434]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maragusan">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FCACFA072886FA39" box="[849,1009,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. maragusan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB853A0738FBEAFA072F20FA39" box="[1047,1111,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) share a dark sternum and a distinct prolateral process on the procursus. In two of these species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FC46FA232F4CFA1E" box="[955,1083,1446,1469]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nunezae">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FC46FA232F4CFA1E" box="[955,1083,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. nunezae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FBB0FA232F98FA1E" box="[1101,1263,1446,1469]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maragusan">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FBB0FA232F98FA1E" box="[1101,1263,1446,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. maragusan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) the tip of the procursus is characteristically widened or ‘inflated’.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853A0738FF3AFA692AB3F930" blockId="8.[151,1437,1268,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF3AFA692AF2F9A6" bold="true" box="[199,389,1516,1541]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Natural history.</emphasis>
The spiders require suitable leaves but are not strictly restricted to well preserved forests. By contrast, they were sometimes easier to find in disturbed habitats at forest edges and along trails near buildings (even on cultivated plants such as banana and taro) than deeper in the forest. In forests, the distribution was sometimes very patchy, with several specimens on one or a few plants close together and no further specimens for several hours of searching.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853A0738FF3AF9182AAAF8C4" blockId="8.[151,1437,1268,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="3B77D423853A0738FF3AF9182A7FF979" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726729" location="southern Malay Peninsula" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sumatra">
Usually, two or three species were found per locality, especially in Borneo, 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C853A0738FBBBF91B2FD1F915" box="[1094,1190,1694,1718]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
, and 
<location id="8EC088A5853A0738FB14F9182A7FF979" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B66F688537073BFF6AFBBB2FD3FE0E:8EC088A5853A0738FB14F9182A7FF979" name="southern Malay Peninsula" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Sumatra">southern Malay Peninsula</location>
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B77D423853A0738FEEBF9472AAAF8C4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726742" location="Central Kalimantan" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Central Kalimantan">
One locality in 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C853A0738FE2CF94429C5F979" box="[465,690,1729,1754]" country="Indonesia" name="Kalimantan Tengah" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Central Kalimantan</collectingRegion>
(Tumbang Tahai) is known to have four species (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FAFAF9472E07F97A" box="[1287,1392,1729,1753]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dayak">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FAFAF9472E07F97A" box="[1287,1392,1729,1753]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. dayak</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FA7FF9472A72F95E" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawangan">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FA7FF9472A72F95E" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. lawangan</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FEEBF9602AC9F95E" box="[278,446,1765,1789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phasmoides">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FEEBF9602AC9F95E" box="[278,446,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. phasmoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FE32F9602914F95E" box="[463,611,1765,1789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FE32F9602914F95E" box="[463,611,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FD80F9602999F95E" box="[637,750,1765,1789]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FD80F9602999F95E" box="[637,750,1765,1789]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spiders were often found together with other leaf dwelling pholcids (sharing the habitat, sometimes the plant, very rarely the individual leaf) of the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FB2CF88D2E44F883" box="[1233,1331,1800,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Belisana" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FB2CF88D2E44F883" box="[1233,1331,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Belisana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FABFF88D2EEAF883" box="[1346,1437,1800,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FABFF88D2EEAF883" box="[1346,1437,1800,1824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF5DF8A92B83F8E0" box="[160,244,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">minang</emphasis>
group, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FEAFF8A92AC3F8E7" box="[338,436,1836,1860]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="domingo">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FEAFF8A92AC3F8E7" box="[338,436,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">domingo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FDECF8A929F6F8E7" box="[529,641,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">tambunan</emphasis>
group, 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FD22F8A9284CF8E7" box="[735,827,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">andulau</emphasis>
group, 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FC65F8A928A4F8E7" box="[920,979,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">krabi</emphasis>
group, 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FBCCF8A92FE2F8E7" box="[1073,1173,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">halabala</emphasis>
group, 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FB0FF8A92E48F8E7" box="[1266,1343,1836,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">kerinci</emphasis>
group), 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FF6AF8D52A75F8C4" box="[151,258,1872,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Panjange" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FF6AF8D52A75F8C4" box="[151,258,1872,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Panjange</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FEC2F8CA2AA1F8C4" box="[319,470,1871,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Leptopholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853A0738FEC2F8CA2AA1F8C4" box="[319,470,1871,1895]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Leptopholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853A0738FF3AF8F628F2F856" blockId="8.[151,1437,1268,2038]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
Some species accept a variety of large leaves (monocot and dicot) while others seem to be more restricted to certain taxa, such as palm (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FE3BF8122949F80C" box="[454,574,1943,1967]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
) or aroid (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853A0738FD4EF8122865F80C" box="[691,786,1943,1967]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
) leaves. During the day, the spiders press their bodies and legs against the leaf in a very cryptic resting position, with the prolateral sides of the legs close to the leaf surface (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB853A0738FF62F8582B82F856" box="[159,245,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 13 – 15. C. phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♂♂ from Bako and Ulu Dong, ♀ with parasitized egg-sac from Gunung Liang. 16 – 17. C. bidayuh sp. nov., ♂♂ from Kapit. 18. C. bankirai sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from Niah. 19. C. semengoh Huber, ♂ from Semengoh." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273090/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs 17</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB853A0738FEFCF8582A58F856" box="[257,303,2013,2037]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">127</figureCitation>
). Unforced activity was only seen at night (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB853A0738FCEAF858280EF856" box="[791,889,2013,2038]" captionStart="FIGURES 128 – 133" captionStartId="32.[151,264,1879,1901]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetId="figure@32.[151,1436,193,1858]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="FIGURES 128 – 133. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 128. C. loksado sp. nov., ♂ from Loksado. 129 – 130. C. bohol sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from near Loboc. 131. C. dinagat sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from near Libjo. 132 – 133. C. nunezae sp. nov., ♀ with egg-sac, and ♂ and ♀ at night from Katibawasan." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273105/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 133</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853B0739FF3AFF1229AFFEBE" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The webs consist of a very fine but usually relatively dense sheet directly attached to the leaf surface, never extending beyond the leaf. Usually the threads are barely visible unless viewed in a specific way (e.g. against light when leaf is viewed from side). In a few cases, webs seemed to consist of very few threads or were entirely invisible or non-existent (e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FE13FE812909FEBF" box="[494,638,260,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semengoh">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FE13FE812909FEBF" box="[494,638,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. semengoh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF608EF6853B0739FF6AF8E728DFF877" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[151,1436,337,1869]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E853B0739FF6AF8E728DFF877" blockId="9.[151,1436,1890,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FF6AF8E72A37F8DB" bold="true" box="[151,320,1890,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURES 3–12</emphasis>
. Live specimens, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FE05F8E729BFF8DB" box="[504,712,1890,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FE05F8E729BFF8DB" box="[504,712,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Calapnita phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FCEAF8E7284AF8DB" bold="true" box="[791,829,1890,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">3–6</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FCB4F8E628FAF8DB" box="[841,909,1890,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lehi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FCB4F8E628FAF8DB" box="[841,909,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. lehi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FC6EF8E72893F8DB" bold="true" box="[915,996,1890,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258BF17853B0739FC6EF8E72893F8DB" box="[915,996,1890,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3–4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5–6). 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FD1DF8042871F834" bold="true" box="[736,774,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">7–8</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FCEBF8072802F834" box="[790,885,1921,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubah" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FCEBF8072802F834" box="[790,885,1921,1943]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. kubah</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FC82F80428A4F834" bold="true" box="[895,979,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258BF17853B0739FC82F80428A4F834" box="[895,979,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FAE9F8042E2CF834" box="[1300,1371,1921,1943]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kubah" status="sp. nov.">Kubah</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FA95F8042E02F834" bold="true" box="[1384,1397,1921,1943]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">9</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FA79F8072A20F816" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deelemanae">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FA79F8072A67F816" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. deelemanae</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FD71F81A29D2F816" bold="true" box="[652,677,1951,1973]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">10</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FD4EF8252F58F816" authority="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[691,1071,1951,1973]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subphyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FD4EF825282EF816" box="[691,857,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. subphyllicola</emphasis>
Deeleman-Reinhold
</taxonomicName>
, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FA8AF81A2BC7F877" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">11– 12</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FF40F83A2A70F877" box="[189,263,1983,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FF40F83A2A70F877" box="[189,263,1983,2004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. anai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96B026C853B0739FEF0F83B2A29F877" bold="true" box="[269,350,1982,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258BF17853B0739FEF0F83B2A29F877" box="[269,350,1982,2004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD853B0739FC92F83B28D3F877" box="[879,932,1982,2004]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anai" status="sp. nov.">Anai</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF608EF68538073AFF6AF9D328ACF90A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1600]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8538073AFF6AF9D328ACF90A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1622,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFF6AF9D32A39F9CF" bold="true" box="[151,334,1622,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURES 13–19</emphasis>
. Live specimens, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFDFBF9D329AFF9CF" box="[518,728,1622,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFDFBF9D329AFF9CF" box="[518,728,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calapnita phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFCDAF9D32811F9CF" bold="true" box="[807,870,1622,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">13–15</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFC8EF9D22FBBF9CF" authority="Deeleman-Reinhold" authorityName="Deeleman-Reinhold" box="[883,1228,1622,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFC8EF9D22881F9CF" box="[883,1014,1622,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
Deeleman-Reinhold
</taxonomicName>
, ♂♂ from Bako and Ulu Dong, ♀ with parasitized egg-sac from Gunung Liang. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFCFEF9F12835F929" bold="true" box="[771,834,1652,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">16–17</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFCACF9F028B5F929" box="[849,962,1652,1674]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bidayuh" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFCACF9F028B5F929" box="[849,962,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. bidayuh</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFC37F9F12F6BF929" bold="true" box="[970,1052,1652,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258BF178538073AFC37F9F12F6BF929" box="[970,1052,1652,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♂♂ from Kapit. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFB24F9F12F85F929" bold="true" box="[1241,1266,1652,1674]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">18</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFAFDF9F02E01F929" box="[1280,1398,1652,1674]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bankirai" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFAFDF9F02E01F929" box="[1280,1398,1652,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. bankirai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFA80F9F12BB4F90A" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A258BF178538073AFA80F9F12BB4F90A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, ♂ (with mite; arrow) from Niah. 
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFDE3F9162940F90A" bold="true" box="[542,567,1683,1705]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">19</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFDB9F9112879F90A" authority="Huber" authorityName="Huber" box="[580,782,1683,1705]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semengoh">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFDB9F91129B0F90A" box="[580,711,1683,1705]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. semengoh</emphasis>
Huber
</taxonomicName>
, ♂ from 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFC94F91628A0F90A" box="[873,983,1683,1705]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semengoh">Semengoh</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8538073AFF3AF9542F3EF892" blockId="10.[151,1436,1744,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Egg-sacs contain only about 6–16 (usually 8–12) eggs, and are always elongated. Usually there are at least proximally three (rarely two) eggs per diameter (e.g., 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8538073AFD00F9712815F8AE" box="[765,866,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 4, 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8538073AFC8DF97028A1F8AE" box="[880,982,1781,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 120 – 127" captionStartId="31.[151,264,1913,1935]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[151,1436,673,1891]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURES 120 – 127. Live specimens, Calapnita vermiformis group. 120 – 121. C. bario sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Bario. 122 – 123. C. magaseng sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Mount Penrissen. 124 – 125. C. saluang Huber, ♂ from Berastagi and ♀ with egg-sac from Phanom Bencha. 126 – 127. C. vermiformis Simon, ♂♂ from Mount Isarog and Mount Banahaw." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273104/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">121, 123</figureCitation>
), but in one clade (
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFB49F9702E2BF8AE" box="[1204,1372,1781,1805]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deelemanae">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFB49F9702E2BF8AE" box="[1204,1372,1781,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. deelemanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFA7FF9702BBEF893" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="anai">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFA7FF9702BBEF893" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. anai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8538073AFF11F89D2A5BF892" box="[236,300,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[163,1414,211,1836]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1853]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 1. Consensus of the two most parsimonious cladograms resulting from analyses of the matrix in Appendix 1. For characters and character states see Appendix 3. Asterisks: character changes supported by only one of the two most parsimonious cladograms. See Relationships section for further details." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273087/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) all eggs are usually perfectly lined up in a single row (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8538073AFC60F89D2F4CF892" box="[925,1083,1816,1841]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 12" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1890,1912]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,337,1869]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 12. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 3 – 6. C. lehi sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Lambir (3 – 4); ♂ and penultimate instar ♂ from Gunung Mulu (5 – 6). 7 – 8. C. kubah sp. nov., ♂ and ♀ with egg-sac from Kubah. 9. C. deelemanae Huber, ♀ with egg-sac from Poring. 10. C. subphyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♀ with egg-sac from Malagos. 11 – 12. C. anai sp. nov., ♂ from MacRitchie, ♀ with egg-sac from Lembah Anai." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273089/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 9, 10, 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8538073AFF3AF8B92A7CF83E" blockId="10.[151,1436,1744,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Egg-parasitism seems to be relatively common and has been observed in several species: 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFB1CF8B82E02F8F6" box="[1249,1397,1853,1877]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFB1CF8B82E02F8F6" box="[1249,1397,1853,1877]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Gunung Liang (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8538073AFEA8F8E52AD9F8DA" box="[341,430,1888,1913]" captionStart="FIGURES 13 – 19" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1622,1644]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1600]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 13 – 19. Live specimens, Calapnita phyllicola group. 13 – 15. C. phyllicola Deeleman-Reinhold, ♂♂ from Bako and Ulu Dong, ♀ with parasitized egg-sac from Gunung Liang. 16 – 17. C. bidayuh sp. nov., ♂♂ from Kapit. 18. C. bankirai sp. nov., ♂ (with mite; arrow) from Niah. 19. C. semengoh Huber, ♂ from Semengoh." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273090/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
); 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFE34F8E4293CF8DB" box="[457,587,1889,1912]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nunezae">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFE34F8E4293CF8DB" box="[457,587,1889,1912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. nunezae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Mount Matutum; and 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFC74F8E42F30F8DA" box="[905,1095,1889,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subphyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFC74F8E42F30F8DA" box="[905,1095,1889,1913]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">C. subphyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
on Mount Mupo and Camp Abubakar.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8538073AFF3AF82D28D7F846" blockId="10.[151,1436,1744,2021]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
When disturbed, 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8538073AFE77F82C2A8DF862" box="[394,506,1961,1985]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8538073AFE77F82C2A8DF862" box="[394,506,1961,1985]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spiders do never vibrate but press their bodies against the leaf. If the disturbance continues, they eventually run away or reluctantly drop on a silk line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8539073BFF3AFF122A02FEBE" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFF3AFF122A28FF13" bold="true" box="[199,351,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Composition</emphasis>
. The genus now includes 25 named species; of these, 15 are in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFBA6FF1D2E72FF13" box="[1115,1285,152,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFBA6FF1D2E72FF13" box="[1115,1285,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, ten in the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFF3CFF392A25FF77" box="[193,338,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFF3CFF392A25FF77" box="[193,338,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group. Judging from distribution patterns, further species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFBD0FF392FC9FF77" box="[1069,1214,188,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllicola">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFBD0FF392FC9FF77" box="[1069,1214,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. phyllicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are expected to occur mainly on Borneo; further species of the 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFD29FF652809FF5B" box="[724,894,224,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermiformis">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFD29FF652809FF5B" box="[724,894,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. vermiformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are expected to occur mainly on Borneo and the Philippines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3058DF58539073BFF3AFEA22FD3FE0E" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA0DE7E8539073BFF3AFEA22FD3FE0E" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFF3AFEA22A2EFEE3" bold="true" box="[199,345,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
. Southeast Asia, from southern 
<collectingCountry id="F3089EEE8539073BFD21FEAD2862FE9C" box="[732,789,296,319]" name="Laos" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Laos</collectingCountry>
, the Malay Peninsula, and 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C8539073BFBA3FEAD2FCCFEE3" box="[1118,1211,296,320]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
in the west to the 
<collectingCountry id="F3089EEE8539073BFF6AFEC92A62FEC6" box="[151,277,332,357]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C8539073BFEB3FEC92AC4FEC6" box="[334,435,332,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
in the east (
<figureCitation id="1324C2FB8539073BFDBDFEC929F1FEC7" box="[576,646,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1171,1193]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,187,1149]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,187,1149]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Known distribution of Calapnita. For distributions of individual species see Figs 281 – 282 (phyllicola group) and Figs 283 – 284 (vermiformis group)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273088/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); apparently absent from the 
<collectingCountry id="F3089EEE8539073BFC28FEC92F35FEC6" box="[981,1090,332,357]" name="Indonesia" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
and the 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C8539073BFB5BFEC82EEEFEC6" box="[1190,1433,332,357]" country="Indonesia" name="Nusa Tenggara Timur" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lesser Sunda Islands</collectingRegion>
. Whether the single unidentified female in Muséum d’histoire naturelle, Genève from 
<collectingCountry id="F3089EEE8539073BFBA1FEEA2FB5FE2B" box="[1116,1218,367,392]" name="Thailand" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Thailand</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49DB109C8539073BFB33FEEA2E24FE2B" box="[1230,1363,367,392]" country="Thailand" name="Chiang Mai" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chiang Mai</collectingRegion>
Prov., Doi Suthep, assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFE55FE1129B5FE0F" authority="in Huber 2011" authorityName="in Huber" authorityYear="2011" box="[424,706,404,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFE55FE11296EFE0F" box="[424,537,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calapnita</emphasis>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8EA38F8539073BFDC1FE1129B5FE0F" author="Huber" box="[572,706,404,429]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" refString="Huber, B. A. (2011) Revision and cladistic analysis of Pholcus and closely related taxa (Araneae, Pholcidae). Bonner zoologische Monographien, 58, 1 - 509. Avaliable from: http: // www. pholcidae. de / PDFs / Huber _ 2011 _ BZM _ low. pdf (Accessed 12 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="2011">Huber 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is actually a 
<taxonomicName id="4C1FA5FD8539073BFCA7FE1128BDFE0F" box="[858,970,404,428]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Calapnita" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96B026C8539073BFCA7FE1128BDFE0F" box="[858,970,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Calapnita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or not is uncertain.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>