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<document id="F666211135711A3DB1FD92AED535F9F3" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.129520" ID-ZooBank="C676AE6A-A1BE-4017-B11F-516593F09A81" ID-publisher-id="129520" URI-arpha="BA323D5E-7919-5673-A0E6-41B4CBFF4591" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/C676AE6A-A1BE-4017-B11F-516593F09A81" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1728926877205" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Mo, Hao-Lin, Yang, Jian, Li, Peng &amp; Du, Li-Na" docDate="2024" docId="C8A5450BF368506A9DD40703FDF48FE7" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100(4): 1375-1385" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (4)" docSource="https://zse.pensoft.net/article/129520/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Paranemachilus liui Mo, Yang, Li &amp; Du 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="62C3991C-CF91-4DF5-B446-029287E5E852" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="1385" masterDocId="BA323D5E79195673A0E641B4CBFF4591" masterDocTitle="Description of two new species of the genus Paranemachilus (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, China" masterLastPageNumber="1385" masterPageNumber="1375" pageNumber="1375" updateTime="1728933932018" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="22D27423C9E7567114DB957AC6573ADE">Description of two new species of the genus Paranemachilus (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae) from Guangxi, China</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="69EBC113379E13F77F2CC333E2F12BB5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="B2C74DD3260C4AA6B324F786CBDA796E">Mo, Hao-Lin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="055ACBA7094B660184606FC686AB70A1">Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evolution and Conservation in Mountain Ecosystem of Guangxi, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9BC013AA4193BC0DA824BC277FEDC215">Yang, Jian</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2E7567F631041012382F1B7E5D38946E" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7115-6713</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="025D46283A2F0765FC595B86AD7D5B9D">Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evolution and Conservation in Mountain Ecosystem of Guangxi, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="897DFF1B98CAAADE311D7FC6404AF0A6">Li, Peng</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4A58FDD2486A008487801D6C393ABB92">Key Laboratory of Wildlife Evolution and Conservation in Mountain Ecosystem of Guangxi, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8D89221043A379FEC6D1DADFDD26197D">Du, Li-Na</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="39A35E38285ADD1EF3DD6CADEDB99063">Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="37F92729E482E25B2DD004FE3214F9CB">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18357EA6DF8AFFC3A740F07837E9C9E7">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C8A5450BF368506A9DD40703FDF48FE7" ID-arpha="C8A5450B-F368-506A-9DD4-0703FDF48FE7" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/62C3991C-CF91-4DF5-B446-029287E5E852" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62C3991C-CF91-4DF5-B446-029287E5E852" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:62C3991C-CF91-4DF5-B446-029287E5E852" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C8A5450BF368506A9DD40703FDF48FE7">
<subSubSection id="7877701E0D5D98515C8701E0FBD0322C" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C1265FBC3454F88C8262716CDD9DD94D">
<taxonomicName id="C8CCFEF6DC8C386F9440158371EC6E0F" authority="Mo, Yang, Li &amp; Du" authorityName="Mo, Yang, Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="FA7361AAD610AA1DC49925349AD4D960" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
Mo, Yang, Li &amp; Du
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DF967F14B4B7ECD6F7FE002E13DB5A91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06F6A00C4AEEABB43A6E251F974E1B7C" type="description">
<paragraph id="91EF452E85FA7254874F0E821C51BC64">
<figureCitation id="AD5DB5D19E4EE83215256F7F76F61C25" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Swim bladder, stomach, and intestine of Paranemachilus luegvetensis sp. nov. (A, C) and Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153535">Figs 2 B, D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EFFADD157B47D3966195AD066AB2253C" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A C. dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. NNNU 230710006, holotype, 51.39 mm standard length. D Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. NNNU 230710006, holotype, live, photo taken on 11 June 2023. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153537">4</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="51FA773F0A6D569BC0CB4DB27E903142" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characters of Paranemachilus luegvetensis sp. nov. and Paranemachilus liui sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3983A347BE88F0B538C72C53C0884954" tableUuid="3983A347BE88F0B538C72C53C0884954">Tables 1</tableCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="6BEB287C05984D992D0E4A805C0A751A" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of identifying characteristics between the two new species and its congeners of the genus Paranemachilus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994" tableUuid="3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994">3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXBAG" type="material">
<paragraph id="6F6E0EA66B17BD666A06F17209E78A64">
<heading id="2E2D28F801A6B7EE5B736F5E21C22499" reason="title">Materials.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="87DAB77806D81AA24FB956EB58A7F302">
<materialsCitation id="3BC97C1B4DAC9732440FD756D5C95703" collectingDate="2023-07" collectionCode="NNNU" collectorName="H. L. Mo &amp; J. J. Zhou" country="China" county="Liuzhou County" latitude="24.251106" location="Youshan Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.428566" specimenCode="NNNU 230710006" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7B04F37267A2116FD5FBF5EE6BD47CD3" bold="true">
<emphasis id="759940BBD61D009A8E9D772E05B19F62" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="7A2E8E936002678A06509857E7A4C0E6" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="E278E2B07549E8918729159FD8FAB45C" collectionCode="NNNU">NNNU 230710006</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="71902619460D529DD4BFF82A1260B05C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.14" unit="mm" value="51.4">51.4 mm</quantity>
standard length,
<collectingCountry id="EC842E84AB4E9EFB7BD03AF514342F19" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="7E6FCA1CCC41EE6E4DD2BD1DF5C6E510" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="9A4336FB8C31BF0713B5D26A10D53569">Liuzhou County</collectingCounty>
,
<location id="A6371EA545EADB94913FA57A95F36EE4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C8A5450BF368506A9DD40703FDF48FE7:A6371EA545EADB94913FA57A95F36EE4" country="China" county="Liuzhou County" latitude="24.251106" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.428566" name="Youshan Village" stateProvince="Guangxi">Youshan Village</location>
,
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EFCAG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[109.428567,24.251106]}">
<geoCoordinate id="B9ED96046F628DD6E9CB82F14E92B46B" degrees="24" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="03.9813" value="24.251106">24 ° 15 ' 03.9813 &quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7F584A256500B46C33E36B567F56B720" degrees="109" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="42.8397" value="109.428566">109 ° 25 ' 42.8397 &quot; E</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
, collected by
<collectorName id="BE33160D304BDF9DD88458096D173130">H. L. Mo</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="8B4B2EADE0C9FB90360A1C8BFB5F7EAA">J. J. Zhou</collectorName>
in
<date id="04754FC02FB49BAB065071D44506602A" value="2023-07">
<collectingDate id="24E16F90026ED9EB0C6E1A7D2E330E13" value="2023-07">July 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BAE30919287A84F70973C0A0AA368B80">
<materialsCitation id="F5168D6C4AA54D125B43A402A8678F92" collectingDate="2023-07" collectionCode="NNNU" collectorName="H. L. Mo &amp; J. J. Zhou" country="China" county="Liuzhou County" latitude="24.251106" location="Youshan Village" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="109.428566" specimenCode="NNNU 230710001" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guangxi" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="EE0126AE5E28E5CACE66104321EBB8C6" bold="true">
<emphasis id="CB7BEE52B692F799368E43BAB2937D0D" bold="true" italics="true">
<typeStatus id="815AA2D377FCE66018E3EC312C289006" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="AF19F25C8AD5CFC51BE202B1B21F2186">NNNU 230710001</specimenCode>
008,
<quantity id="4AE029F25455D4F8A71BE4F9A811914C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.461" metricValueMax="6.163" metricValueMin="4.759" unit="mm" value="54.61" valueMax="61.63" valueMin="47.59">47.5961.63 mm</quantity>
standard length; same data as for holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERCAG" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="F9EBA62D9A96BAF7FD44A0C381F9A1F2">
<heading id="C71F4DE9F8CD4513393F7CEB99F4F6E1" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1F0B590C0E77E1255F581DDCC639C6C4">The new species is named in honor of Zongyuan Liu, a distinguished official, literary author, and thinker. During his tenure in Liuzhou, Liu significantly promoted the economic and cultural landscape of the region, thereby elevating the quality of life for its residents and earning him deep admiration and respect from the local community. We propose the common Chinese name “ 柳氏异条鳅 ” (Liu Shi Yi Tiao Qiu).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EWCAG" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B65EB61EF248178F448A10D055F645DD">
<heading id="CBAE5F57669A28025082392559321256" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="53F8F0566D734BA382C42D106D97A164">
Comparative data among
<taxonomicName id="DD32EBF7468E9D2512C53DD41FE651CC" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C803EAC1697719E4AA7C45473293F036" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DD2F7E1BCABA76C5A2EA4F52EFC8138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and all five known species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="5BCF981ADB5B5485C11A78F4887B3DCB" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D7F9FC47EF2E46433868DBC38E3D0548" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are provided in Table
<tableCitation id="997E249A443C3EAA6A94EBAF0FEFCA93" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of identifying characteristics between the two new species and its congeners of the genus Paranemachilus." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994" tableUuid="3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994">3</tableCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="F3A9A1DD2B3692FB8417577BA63AB78B" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4C7A44C0DE9331A92FFB82786E9DCB35" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="43087659D20F5F0D05ACD6BD63FF3DA6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from all other congeneric species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="20AA98F7CF90260875086F83CA02CFB1" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E96BA0BA3C3A6C23B7911F47DF85A5FF" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by cheeks scaled (vs. scaleless in
<taxonomicName id="482392140EB11C1622D5FBB6C62364FA" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="752888E97C60C59504992381F480479E" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="37A54B17F379B83B7B557CC399D875B9" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="46CAFB75421E8D1D32537262176AAA54" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="ABC694947FBB1972615D0BEC29A29291" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="13A23EA8976901EE90175C725B1B316B" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 1113 branched pectoral fin rays (vs.
<quantity id="E6FC1DA7BA5920FFC18C88F13B86343F" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="C64BB5FDF963533D5DF9DF7B20F2C8F7" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="C838EDF08D1D5F06F165623D09EDC34D" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), 79 preoperculomandibular canal pores (vs. zero in
<taxonomicName id="2F13CCFF52CF088E16902769E050E274" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="21D8B31A3FAE4DD5F47F69E8D68D8B93" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="A7E18D17D2A119931D8AE8C80C6EC7E3" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.921" metricValueMax="3.048" metricValueMin="2.794" unit="in" value="11.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="11.0">1112 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B6900ED30A335843B77300C9773D4830" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="C9B27CCC6D55BEFE3AE280A9F177C6DE" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="E8F4C4686033EC412EA66CCE955B4AFE" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="5A86779F414DB09D0AE961D20FDF7412" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), preanus length 67.4 % 74.3 % of standard length (vs. greater than 75.3 % in
<taxonomicName id="01DB87069B4A146E5C1A0CE74FE6B6A9" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="F2FC7C811AC77522A2F69D4A8C125FC7" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="C03C9FC2F1A4177608D377DE7EDF4F1C" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="96B1D54AE8229BDE24169D5AAB1BE683" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="D784216C252BD00AE3CFBFBDD0EF118C" authorityName="Zhu, Du, Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Yunnanilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="79594D4CECA637E09AE115E8EFB06A32" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A703BDCC627B88111C3B0F4BFB5B0E95" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="0E4922AF746C0A925B107A6302A93EF0" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="6A45E8981F3153AD799E3AF053D7F2E5" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="D94CA8DA85CFF2EF0BBEDB224B340A6A" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), snout length 21.4 % 28.7 % of lateral head length (vs. greater than 30.0 % in
<taxonomicName id="567573D6A9978F0FC4B5381F25721A09" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="39D8A98FE75EFA22BE17E7CC5293878B" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9DD3845ADF3CF91BCA7DB743AE718CE6" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="DC054BFA0D73452261390255F9557C4A" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="ABA250F7F1AE156C393680AA9DEDFFD4" authorityName="Zhu, Du, Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Yunnanilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="BA9BF7353F4DF0BF45B0D56D6A48AD2C" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6C2191BDB44FA383EA8168EBB6E3B154" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="57B1C278D9E906C420BFFC0CA039130A" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="E893FDAFF320F1AF19174D91701071F5" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="73AB99064B53921811D901079E7AACEB" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and 1115 supraorbital canal pores at base of anterior nostrils (vs.
<quantity id="30493BA997C80FF282DE566A2AE1C83E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="8893A17A2F9151A7F00F13AE830EEDD7" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="8C700BACFF306DE74AC3BC7221517A7F" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<quantity id="B6BFB7E2573EE495E8D8C41B60FBDCCE" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="0CF158E332066C5D5E4188C94D020176" authorityName="Zhu, Du, Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Yunnanilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="1547F120C8E5725297BC0F3830CC8C87" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<quantity id="0D817E3B4C84C2043AB23C371121B628" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.413" metricValueMax="2.54" metricValueMin="2.286" unit="in" value="9.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="9.0">910 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="63B334149CE9277872C9B9CAD9499BC7" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="CFFD166E836B63C29EE8705593C69B41" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="AFC20CBF301D2E55BEF0A0C7F0035621" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="81A0D710004F8121D2020C0C8B2D615C" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ELLAG" type="description">
<paragraph id="1FE8AC605A92DCDBAAC2349239419282">
<heading id="41AC063B731F2858EF76447609D0227F" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="289C0DAC684FE4FF6AFAD9CBEDFD1EFE">
The morphometric data of the type specimen of
<taxonomicName id="219B95AA9346DD05E76680AD4C286B5E" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="478B6E7308849901809AA810ED8D74A5" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2F5FA5C754E775269D83A12ACBB5C0C2" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are given in Table
<tableCitation id="3D71413C0F2309A7147244F6E34C61E0" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphometric characters of Paranemachilus luegvetensis sp. nov. and Paranemachilus liui sp. nov." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3983A347BE88F0B538C72C53C0884954" tableUuid="3983A347BE88F0B538C72C53C0884954">1</tableCitation>
. Body elongated, large in size. Maximum body depth occurs before insertion of dorsal fin, body depth 18.7 % 23.2 % of standard length, head slightly depressed, flattened, maximum head width greater than deepest head depth, head width 49.9 % 63.7 % head length, snout length 21.4 % 28.7 % of lateral head length, shorter than postorbital length. Anterior and posterior nostrils adjacent; anterior nostrils tube-like; tip of anterior nostrils with distinct triangular elongation, shorter than half of tube depth. Cheeks scaled, no reduction in eye size, eye diameter 17.3 % 21.9 % of head length. Mouth inferior, snout obtuse, lips developed and smooth; in most specimens, median of lower lip with V-shaped notch; missing in specimens such as
<collectionCode id="2080F37BF09B0E2A6E976D4B0ED9A800">NNNU</collectionCode>
230710006 (
<typeStatus id="3FCB24DD49C9A5F06C20116F92963537" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
). Three pairs of barbels: inner rostral extending to posterior margin of posterior opercular, outer rostral, and maxillary barbel reaching or exceeding posterior margin of head. Dorsal fin with three unbranched and eight branched rays; distal margin straight; origin closer to caudal-fin base than to tip of snout. Pectoral fin with one unbranched and 1113 branched rays; pectoral fin length 49.5 % 51.8 % of pelvic-fin insertion; pelvic fin with one unbranched and 67 branched rays, inserted below first or second unbranched dorsal-fin ray; tip of pelvic fin far from anus. Anal fin with three unbranched and five branched rays with truncate distal margins; origin closer to pelvic-fin insertion than to caudal-fin base. Caudal fin with 17 branched rays; caudal fin forked, upper and lower lobes equivalent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3A7F0FC53EB6CD439B83B10C59FA6E2">
Body completely covered by tiny scales. Cephalic lateral-line canals developed, with 46 + 13 15 infraorbital canal pores, 1115 supraorbital canal pores at base of anterior nostrils, four supratemporal canal pores, and 79 preoperculomandibular canal pores. Lateral line incomplete, with 814 lateral line pores present before tip of pectoral fin, 1416 inner gill rakers on first gill arch (
<specimenCount id="3D485E75EC2E81F75C584D28253CA7D4" count="2" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="080CBB98466E4BE672E0B4E7FB6F2DF5">
Stomach “ U ” - shaped, intestines slightly to back of stomach, curved. Two air-bladder chambers: anterior chamber encased in bony capsule, posterior chamber filling body cavity, and anterior and posterior chambers connected by short, thin, and curved tubes (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2FDB1F6A66BBF7EBEBD82A1BAA5186A3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Swim bladder, stomach, and intestine of Paranemachilus luegvetensis sp. nov. (A, C) and Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. (B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153535">2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHMAG" type="Coloration">
<paragraph id="E1D91C7A676B11E475A3A26A5E933ED3">
<heading id="0B6D9567DE87C0EF36E1C36DF4D1D557" reason="title">Coloration.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5493A5A0A6C8FC180A892DDE02A6D54A">
Photograph of
<taxonomicName id="484CC97E09533431F97E1F8FFD55927C" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="638A68F74F589CC30E9DB06F2756095D" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E6024FD957A70316D3BC0A46A82988E7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
specimen in life is provided in Fig.
<figureCitation id="8C32B06C886A52CC31CF2AD6F575E843" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A C. dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. NNNU 230710006, holotype, 51.39 mm standard length. D Paranemachilus liui sp. nov. NNNU 230710006, holotype, live, photo taken on 11 June 2023. Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153537">4 D</figureCitation>
. Dorsal surface dark brown, head and trunk of body yellowish brown, head untextured. Obscure brown longitudinal stripe extending along lateral line to base of caudal fin. Whole body untextured at capture. Post-feeding, some samples developed small black spots on dorsal surface. Fin rays faint yellow, fin membrane hyaline.
</paragraph>
<caption id="D59E15519560AC1661C824E2E0D4D743" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure4" ID-arpha="590394A0-404C-5D8C-A3DA-301735251F84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153537" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="85AD7D45E076BC7FFF587B8FC35D3FCD">
<label id="F3B88966CE997827D67B5D1FEB22F7CA">Figure 4.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2A82191231E9ED7379804D034A41EBFE">
<emphasis id="3AD4B36EE13679BB0B990BF718B1584F" bold="true">A C.</emphasis>
dorsal, lateral, and ventral views of
<taxonomicName id="7DAB60110B6CCBA4536D418717094A7E" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7530F49D744D978EFBD33690EAA8ACD1" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A4E4D13E7B7ACA38D3F69F0E796D021D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
NNNU 230710006, holotype, 51.39 mm standard length.
<emphasis id="34C5B05446E38B5B7A0AA11A638B6152" bold="true">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="FE07DD1602B06463786D6FF492D24C24" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="238E2EE29153F1316743898DCFD26916" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="03410364A9B9A01FE23EF630F8F1E89A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
NNNU 230710006, holotype, live, photo taken on 11 June 2023. Scale bar: 1 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDOAG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="B2B10E481FC23A9A21DEB3C81F4D6406">
<heading id="441AD5252D63278F2C84C1EB7E4EB63A" reason="title">Distribution and habitat.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="55BC676D869FC09ECC604B6895A6DDAB">
Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="635C9BE77C186922B762E2032519A498" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2806A8FB4FD78AACC2E02315F626FE5E" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="187E0054C7327D606B831BA5406951EC" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
were collected from several caves around Youshan Village, Yifeng District, Liuzhou City,
<collectingRegion id="88AA77F37BF81898C5D5D51350B676C2" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="5B9CF5E687275A8C5044C27406B89864" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
. The type specimen was collected from an underground river in Keyuan Cave (Fig.
<figureCitation id="94EC87D969D61C88EF54F5BB9CA10BDF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Pool and a cave from which type Paranemachilus luegvetensis sp. nov. was collected in Youshan Village, Yufeng District, Liuzhou County." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153538">5</figureCitation>
), which sustains a long, narrow, perennially water-filled pool. Near the cave entrance, some water sections are exposed to sunlight, with an average water temperature ranging from 20 to 23 ° C. In the same location, we also collected
<taxonomicName id="C15042AF73645955C083F67C22A62F0C" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Yunnanilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bailianensis">
<emphasis id="45907C81F3592310FC7B3C6B7790D925" italics="true">Yunnanilus bailianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="82FD3F617F8DBEE699D6A7AB6114154A" authorityName="Cai" authorityYear="1995" class="Malacostraca" family="Atyidae" genus="Typhlocaridina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semityphlata">
<emphasis id="55C17CB95E07D55EAF4474DDE76886A8" italics="true">Typhlocaridina semityphlata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and an unidentified catfish species. Notably, the vicinity of Keyuan Cave is heavily utilized for farmlands and duck farms, resulting in a significant population from fertilizers and feed in the water where the specimens were found. Despite this,
<taxonomicName id="D93820EA2F8EEC44FEE3127913380D93" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="2D199D6E8D1516F1B895209A09C6520E" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="BC7775EFADAA436DC0EA654789B6BA7D" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
appears to have adapted to these environmental conditions.
</paragraph>
<caption id="7664101EB716EECE8279AC11CCA78F70" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure5" ID-arpha="B704D174-3281-5464-AD86-B1A2C5E359DC" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153538" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="AC5552279CC944B1F3E353217E1F111B">
<label id="E8C7239BB6FBEFF59F32A2FA0A667D5B">Figure 5.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AEAEF2E0A7A3D58953B07340E855DD4C">
Pool and a cave from which type
<taxonomicName id="3308828E543D4DC65488EFBD6E48C5D6" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="267EC818280DDA3D67222BE73755FA0A" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="489FC568896CAEDA4614BBE2744EE05C" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
was collected in Youshan Village, Yufeng District, Liuzhou County.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERQAG" type="Phylogenetic analysis">
<paragraph id="782AAAA3DE00F2ED04BA61DA4FC687FA">
<heading id="5B9C3DE2EB86B5D9D356A872D4E83ADC" reason="title">Phylogenetic analysis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC5B87CC1118A19E3EFEDC3E75946D4E">
The
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EXQAG" xlink_title="Bayesian inference">BI</abbrev>
phylogenetic tree (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6323EC1460B9DEB1C2FB8506AA5EE98A" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Bayesian phylogeny of cytb lineages of species within the family Nemacheilidae. Botia genus was used as an outgroup. Numbers on internode branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153539">6</figureCitation>
) revealed that the
<taxonomicName id="9BE719CCB860AE79778589C977DA1A49">
<emphasis id="CD1E35DBC01E28EBE9334970050E4902" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
formed a monophyletic group, sister to the genus
<taxonomicName id="CDD5165C83078666C0BDE213DCED6F18" authorityName="Zhang, Zhao &amp; Tang" authorityYear="2016" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Troglonectes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="639B4FA2963004929DD28CF36B2A8C3A" italics="true">Troglonectes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="1FEA21AFADB26E4F665B0E2ADD0EA932" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="080C7A2386E78FE5E67A48E1C828A003" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D34EC6EF47581ECA29191FEF36C74999" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="7D7F68E56BC7F07B4DB1C328C19B2580" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="85946E51A4C3268BBA96D59A3FBB6006" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="82CE72B5F37ED265CCAB8AF43E1FD50B" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
formed a well-supported monophyletic group (bootstrap support = 98 and Bayesian posterior probability = 1) with other
<taxonomicName id="9C96F986A585CA8865F74587FDD72AC4">
<emphasis id="CF5B6D62B64153672CB4AE567B43F689" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, including the type species
<taxonomicName id="26172073C26036F93B64A4BC7236F977" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="40FF64D99BF9994E8B0B83D9B1424A98" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All samples from Wumin District, Nanning City,
<collectingRegion id="3141F88C4D9DF15A67100836FB14E1A9" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi Zhuang</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region clustered together in a sister clade to (
<taxonomicName id="C9FD53E2B180918C8BE741248EA80F99" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="4742CF3EEEDF51A79478D1C9D4F0F922" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
+
<taxonomicName id="D38E24C83B4A6B9387DA9403439F24A4" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="8DBA45AD45D763D126FA2A39F1646A0C" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="66FF64B1B049B0DBB6A160485EE5B33F" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
). All samples from Yüfeng District, Liuzhou City, and
<collectingRegion id="C67DFC4C01AB9690F27564168DEA76DD" country="China" name="Guangxi">Guangxi Zhuang</collectingRegion>
Autonomous Region clustered together in a sister clade to
<taxonomicName id="8283D2BEF9FB84B2E3E8C796FEDE1752" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="A9EA51A8D3E2BB273C92076C1FEBD485" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The tree topologies are similar to those reported in previous studies [2, 13], with highly consistent and strong support of the monophyly of the genus
<taxonomicName id="D9201B8BABC7B550C30D561103A893A7" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="03434CBFBF49C38269D2D854527F96A5" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Analysis also indicated that the genus could be divided into two major clades, i. e., cheek-scaled group and cheek-scaleless group. The cheek-scaled group contained
<taxonomicName id="7EC217592A5D0BB228E63ECD66AA50FC" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="F41E242DFC473D26BF08F6F1F4ABE605" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6BC485FC1DE1F21D63AF48B693C7ECE6" authorityName="Zhu, Du, Chen &amp; Yang" authorityYear="2009" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Yunnanilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="1146CF1680BE9CA5BF410B8BDF2CB691" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6B36FC1BC35CC65BE5EDB79958900C2B" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="1152C041C0756C3A261D3C87990008F7" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1599C4633C9425CB448EF8BCA5D435C7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="69C040C4788BBF8CF1F373A52E3E282A" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D0BEDC720C26198A2C0E6FBADC6D600B" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D90F102932B4407B25730129C4E9F252" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, while the cheek-scaleless group contained
<taxonomicName id="5653E6D9538A17B59F542B0BCB8A14F9" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="683EB8F1F7D0634328496E1638C27283" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3FCD91F5F1F257B784E54E6CC9F80CE0" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="19C9E1513F9DF331A7F9EB034F91CF06" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="8A9A40B3388BB25AF735DADBF2AC08A1" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Heminoemacheilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="6C9CB98C2D6BBA13771C196F0AC714EB" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5E2E4FD93BE9915C83B6C92E25095C3" ID-DOI="10.3897/zse.100.129520.figure6" ID-arpha="4C5EFAC0-60E2-534C-8509-DF12A888CA69" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1153539" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="D68ACAB94785E4CB85F806B5D3358499">
<label id="BE25860C611548CF5B5DA8E2EC30F435">Figure 6.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2BBEA1BC876BF4D15EC2BAD2B129ADA7">
Bayesian phylogeny of
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ESWAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome b">cytb</abbrev>
lineages of species within the family
<taxonomicName id="69B7035C3FA100529A3A7127CE16AE74" family="Nemacheilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Nemacheilidae</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="31A0876CFE6B95E602459B212C5D6F2E" family="Cobitidae" genus="Botia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F4D4BC271F0A71CC93007A0A0321BB44" italics="true">Botia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
genus was used as an outgroup. Numbers on internode branches are Bayesian posterior probabilities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EHXAG" type="Mitochondrial differentiation">
<paragraph id="667E1EB3C85E13716052E0D81A5BD277">
<heading id="A4FAA4AC64611755D7316F7F15B320FC" reason="title">Mitochondrial differentiation.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B5E7A2DBB7E5A3ACF599550DDC090906">
Comparative analysis of the
<abbrev id="ABBRID0ENXAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome b">cytb</abbrev>
gene revealed that the two new species could be distinguished from all known
<taxonomicName id="0A9EA0EC966A3883D8A4D9ED9AF7CE1E">
<emphasis id="FE5897C7AC7BA51DDF2159B6EF97EC80" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
based on distinct molecular differences. The minimum p-distances were 7.92 % between
<taxonomicName id="58DF211B4271D064461242682B21351C" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E9EFCF7B9FF4E69EA97854CBAE7FF698" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7426375BC9FDC3BDFD7587C12FA886EE" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="0BE7EAED428E1CD13F042EA0473DF07D" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="0E0ED334B5FC15CFB2E98BB7F950D847" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F89A60B40162EBC70191202C4602B444" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and 6.16 % between
<taxonomicName id="F493EB68551BDB341A71FBCDB847AB46" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5E7FECD4F1607E6E800053F04FCC9D1B" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="DB59E2CFB1101F7921F6EC339FDAA9E6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="9EA338A5698E3A02DCD4BE170F217B50" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="14E5CA31F501349E8BD8C129ACEDA891" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation id="75D5696FDA18198842625E3667877313" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Uncorrected pairwise distances among Paranemachilus species based on cytb gene." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3949D7F9C5EDE70401CD9620A3C4A639" tableUuid="3949D7F9C5EDE70401CD9620A3C4A639">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3949D7F9C5EDE70401CD9620A3C4A639" ID-Table-UUID="3949D7F9C5EDE70401CD9620A3C4A639" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3949D7F9C5EDE70401CD9620A3C4A639" startId="T2" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="FD8BFF6F2A2C3052CB505E5278C4AB7D">
<label id="AB50C05C7020FE8DE294055FE8CAB178">Table 2.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="477D044004253E92B14CB351BAAA150D">
Uncorrected pairwise distances among
<taxonomicName id="BF254FDF6D62401321BCB4772199AA6E">
<emphasis id="A4DA20B17B2B1028B867D152B513ABAD" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
based on
<abbrev id="ABBRID0EYZAG" xlink_title="mitochondrial cytochrome b">cytb</abbrev>
gene.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="2A6A5C12B99E8768C3199E6228B440EB">
<table id="TID0ET4AG" rules="all">
<tbody id="D30360A943BC458812F14AC257629736">
<tr id="1FFA3CEA7CD46FD3A3B339D6FCC29EBE">
<th id="EBBB54F44C31DFB42F52F8141E3C3418" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="6F59CB0BCE7BB1468C852FA8180F2815" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="C33316B4E9957B44E305799BCDFE8747" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</th>
<th id="4D2E0F5CE36C11F160C098CF0270A9E7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</th>
<th id="B28940A6C6F50301C412A35551253A13" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</th>
<th id="97F2D94007CD7CF821D2A830C40251FA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</th>
<th id="7A050D45562894B86DD10904C886A3C1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</th>
<th id="9E5CE37690B5FAF02053E9C10593C4F5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</th>
<th id="FC87B12776688B06463072B7828CCC35" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</th>
<th id="B980AE55E2762B7BDE9B828147046078" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</th>
<th id="42A54A1DAD73D4C4A4930848F30CA59B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</th>
</tr>
<tr id="45949D66DC0F2DF8EE55F8C7EF8F0F9A">
<td id="5941A03032A7619CDB580D27C22C3BD6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="764B6885A591493AEBFE1B417479DBC4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="DB4BE882677A53B05DD403B821B5F91C" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="17116FA66E645211DBDC84360767AAC5" italics="true">Paranemachilus genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="E80C1E6AF053D18D8B1263238F7FAC1E" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="16FA36D5B59FCF4A1DA405186A1177FD" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="AC2F6DCB53DFB25DEC56BD13AA382EFE" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="C7B90DB70BACA128C0C479B0DC59DE80" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="BC19339CD92A7A7F8340C400E1B3B120" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="3F276834C3306B909150C0EBADCEE6E8" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="4567DEEA4AD0863E85AEC16C88855CB1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9DBE7FBE6F6AB54464EFE61CC738F8A0" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="776F27EE21D491BB674D3AA9472F2BA0" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="33B82D096017D0406BFF13CAB1FAA85A">
<td id="49149F27FF4D0FD792F60DE68DDCF5F9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td id="734EF6FA806D364600C6F846E1F54189" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="08C51E60411151E961BF48CE7A8A0B66" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="65872A9C896F1F9B09F123C9A2D5537A" italics="true">Paranemachilus jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="CE112A221DDCCE85B4CF4CC84BAF5A29" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.98 %</td>
<td id="A9A58D2DB11560BFE41674649069E0FB" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="457B41B0CED2469DA3DEB86D66A4E760" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="2739A4C711AB2E1EFE3E421B8926F0F6" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="3778399B98635DC3C349F552936AFBC1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="30345B6A4A18DC488501621F319E5711" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="75DD59B5698779473E5354C9080CC19D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="25459BB184419FA36AE52F9E63118AEC" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="54B93C1B30A88B5B511F13D8CD19735D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8DB56C701D44FED0737E7D2F974817BE">
<td id="934BCC02F72F949A8871A02208353AE9" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td id="CE4A2F92396CA8F0AA083B3191B4845B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="77B17F59FE22B420E2F39D1D8EDE0552" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="F7AE86432984B982CB43EE91AF2FCFFD" italics="true">Paranemachilus pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="E912179B1E782C1B6096E6CCDDB84AA3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.26 %</td>
<td id="64464C38E3E92A916CE31AC7F93A942C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.70 %</td>
<td id="4D6E4EAF2428ADE98A4D4A8E3AB39FAE" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="AEFAB08A2C1912A7BA8F6DC6562CF8B9" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9AC1B50BE504EFCAB9D82A55C9AC20D9" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="F7B418F0B1D2540D9B703D66608168B8" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="08D826E754629F67548ACEEBD80AC9ED" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9C8B024544617AAD1E09E548A1846384" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="C8A52FFB20D0A887199D32A72AC33617" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="15497D39FBD2667A9BFCA58D72C8720A">
<td id="661C949E9E45EF98B7312ADA1CFD3043" colspan="1" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="EB5FB66D2410B548F4E3E0764DD588AC" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NNNU 20230710001 Liuzhou</td>
<td id="45C36CDD0CBADBFB9FFCF7767A603A04" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.21 %</td>
<td id="0C362E24577B0C178C8AE9A52F316FF0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.69 %</td>
<td id="D1E4EA24F290F97C796203004CB1BC9C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.10 %</td>
<td id="9BB65347B9ADF65125C5D8CC73073EF1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="E066D488D1172B36CDC391ABF34F868B" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="A84B34675AF48F69BF06E10CCCBCAB1D" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="04A5C0F85150EF143BF02EE6E96A6973" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9A550D3CBA1D14FE347941AF5055089C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="4E1ECCD6133A35F7034B96910F288F19" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C79B82534087C2E36733A9F9A4CA97AA">
<td id="D98A4E323C80E5C17B5905EB03BA669D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">5</td>
<td id="F220555878D044614FD0A618D6FDB110" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NNNU 20230710002 Liuzhou</td>
<td id="5852BB3CCF98236D75149FE951386818" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.16 %</td>
<td id="0EBBC27AF92171E9E7F56F609C0FE7A6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.92 %</td>
<td id="25D38B4E4009294EB3665D97BC1B149B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.04 %</td>
<td id="15CFFC317CCF28F766B57C69ADB3E520" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.29 %</td>
<td id="CFC73D524DBEF0CAF410389209CBE9F7" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="6F14F4F6CBCA51C17A72D64246DA5490" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="03E33209384934B11370BC618D45F9F8" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="9273EE8B517862E2D98FBF470447E2DE" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="6D1233625E3ECBB054CA64CDE3B71528" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="98A1A8062A7CE7CDC05C55B973F81D2A">
<td id="03BE66F6DB0BEE0A2AD3E4CC0CA8A757" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6</td>
<td id="B58E289E60419C12B4A9D01606DC6945" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NNNU 20230710003 Liuzhou</td>
<td id="E505C0E718BF2C498C2ACD323174518F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.73 %</td>
<td id="C08B6B6865EE7BD3B4309A0CE6191162" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.19 %</td>
<td id="C4A624CB67A56ADDEA719166E27310B3" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.31 %</td>
<td id="E322F3E159508E0ECC1495BE69F25290" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.30 %</td>
<td id="DEBBC27030165778ABF0FEB87C7A312C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.88 %</td>
<td id="6CD5728F0BD5D708248C0FE59627E8E7" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="3CB101241D1A697E6BF3CADEEED934F2" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="6B06F628823D616BA6DDB4685431F854" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="F67F95580FA19FCE71DAF978AF4FC852" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D1218929B97454DAAAEC4EB161947637">
<td id="776C280511364E3ED68629DB37CA0DE7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7</td>
<td id="84CEA1EF6F53284FC99D43FDB27FBD2E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="04BF44E5F3603444930C4128392A4D39" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="45EC6856C1CD8FF0FC1303A2A0D93596" italics="true">Paranemachilus zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="6DA20E022AD5F2F97002D0AD33E2CD9D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.22 %</td>
<td id="0213445645770AA3001E1113C071F72B" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.38 %</td>
<td id="FB17ADAD31110C6F9900C9F72378176E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.63 %</td>
<td id="4D25D20E577938185E66A593B35AB3AD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.69 %</td>
<td id="8B1BD5259E00DC7E6703DC96782A2EDE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.62 %</td>
<td id="8343CA55932FA5A94D0BFA6934E939F1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.89 %</td>
<td id="06883652848FE2DE0CE65B800B1F6499" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="EA3533D09599027E8B0CBB64949A8A71" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="7F6FE520DD033CD39C8DE1D0603878B1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9923DA520C84A65FDE70B4139D9426D7">
<td id="2F3BDF0FE9F6A2EB3414F1F0363EC574" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8</td>
<td id="AA0A1395989F8B209D14EA92470D9B34" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NNNU 230601. Wuming</td>
<td id="1A4C33E8B109ACDE7030293BC1BE1A65" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.22 %</td>
<td id="8AD8C41509929098DFA2126975B5C139" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10.06 %</td>
<td id="CDE9DB1584A90D0A38275C49324F33FD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.94 %</td>
<td id="55A9B4AB05DB775BB5366FFA75B40C22" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.58 %</td>
<td id="C0DD2E192383DC4215B2156372C37B35" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.50 %</td>
<td id="63415846DCDE0EF921C912FC38471CCE" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.77 %</td>
<td id="E57B99A9226296D04CBF17CB48286889" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.94 %</td>
<td id="ED226307FAA1307BC190285691C8203C" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<td id="F22377260E7682D4F4114F989E239B91" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="FEB57C167E038219438375D6CB0F881C">
<td id="9C6CD9E0357ABD82A25968994AAAEEB1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
<td id="FD7490BE70E4519EC3DCD5F3D9D115AF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">NNNU 230602. Wuming</td>
<td id="153B6D7E65A265469CCD9303DF1DD8E7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.66 %</td>
<td id="807DDA26E0815F2416BE279C70C28F89" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9.50 %</td>
<td id="BB62E462CBB33C9BB978F255AD92FD7E" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.38 %</td>
<td id="776C915789FC6BE9A7F9D70FEC18AF2A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.99 %</td>
<td id="F4F6BB5AD22254D99B81DE278C04740A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">7.92 %</td>
<td id="75496A5A7336E0CC983A03EA2413EC64" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.19 %</td>
<td id="25DDC1EF1C818E3C2339A4325CD36BBA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.94 %</td>
<td id="945866A434DE7CB419A0DDB928707237" colspan="1" rowspan="1">0.56 %</td>
<td id="84E80436BAD3DD9D6554172F872D8C51" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
</tr>
<tr id="667EEA97DA3F7A30F6A48B8D80B0EDA4">
<td id="78FC79176DFE02CA1C8C31DE42F92DE6" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="4DF0FD4F08E4B348612D2C6186F48761" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="5D8908F333B48769B29EFA6CA6D1E983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="B5D1FDE90C314AD58299020A723F749A" italics="true">Paranemachilus chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="24CC59815C8570E1F4673571D1C9C883" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.98 %</td>
<td id="20B5868A82A3004855392F0B5F7E5F3C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.42 %</td>
<td id="69D6411AE9558EFB2E9073071B687828" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1.40 %</td>
<td id="8FCBB4BBAE693C7E0A84E02B802D192A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.21 %</td>
<td id="D532A364F5318516BFEBD1EBC75C1D78" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.16 %</td>
<td id="7D02485E403F6D4FC1B9FFE996BC7191" colspan="1" rowspan="1">6.43 %</td>
<td id="73394874B715CD3242EFDD796639ED33" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3.35 %</td>
<td id="1BF799177FCD0F51BFB983AE8194B24C" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.66 %</td>
<td id="43937C74C145C3E3ACA9BEF5D3E88D94" colspan="1" rowspan="1">8.10 %</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994" ID-Table-UUID="3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3F1AB23AB631301040468F3109BE2994" startId="T3" targetIsTable="true">
<paragraph id="D81EE85A34E707406172516FED989612">
<label id="FD3BEA1B5BAD8AE4FCED840306B72D3A">Table 3.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9FF0494092AE3C61B0EA95DF363B1A81">
Comparison of identifying characteristics between the two new species and its congeners of the genus
<taxonomicName id="760EFAFA80CE78C55B1DD38F5C3D4923" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="996CC3FA77F8D4A31F6AB655C1BDE324" italics="true">Paranemachilus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A7B10B574644147DFCFB39FCC4D12513">
<table id="TID0EQPBG" rules="all">
<tbody id="BCEFA4BD55EF999F7B55DC073925395B">
<tr id="648D818962A3A17DCF044ECA84B23BB3">
<th id="219BE4F7B7A8E021A91364C5F42A6817" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</th>
<th id="89280A32DF0BE7A8657FAC5090386FCB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Cheek scales</th>
<th id="336E4E5692BE36D14EC3E75F27ECE5A7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pectoral-fin rays</th>
<th id="4F36E70B9A0476361345DA28EAE4AF12" colspan="1" rowspan="1">body depth of standard length (%)</th>
<th id="ECA4EB9C2FB61AE26724E1367A80BD54" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Preoperculomandibular canal pores</th>
<th id="1B0780F3F2A9AA81FA6F3D122D7C831D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Supraorbital canal pores</th>
</tr>
<tr id="1663225F38B0CFFE6B069FB75F0A7904">
<td id="F4A6DE6912BC8531F61BFAE520A08DED" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="D703614195AC3165F6AE12DA16827E8D" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="603A43F9FFF01FACCEA044EA057F389F" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4C5032FE4081D90D8DCB185175EDF375" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="D948ED562EBDBC35FC1E863768E3E00D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td id="2FF630FB02E632CBBCC47EE56029C3C0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1112</td>
<td id="A1AC60AB497DFF592E83D2B36E303AD2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">13.516.8</td>
<td id="A1EF5A2B17D81FBE2D1A3C1FBB44F355" colspan="1" rowspan="1">45</td>
<td id="71FCC07C9092683B330F0DA20782B751" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1517</td>
</tr>
<tr id="E0A190620512000A6C1755DC37450CBD">
<td id="5D9FED5AA2F8CA148E87FAD1A206D9DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="6878F5A21EF8411E025289AA16759466" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="9681C16144918620E27F0212219E4BC1" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C7D65B3385B336AF40D4466984B4BDE7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="B2AA6C03C84C81933E9B85FF93C2C42F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td id="2BE2F5A438AA84F5FB722D07A0388683" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1113</td>
<td id="EC8ED1F41CA025DD7412943BD861FE83" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18.723.2</td>
<td id="C0126D172DE9ACB76F4E182A745317DD" colspan="1" rowspan="1">79</td>
<td id="F0BB48D1F8CA0425BE1101E092051A44" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1115</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DE3CDA66C94617389D06A60DD4477837">
<td id="ECAFE84B71114F90CC79526AAAF1A4E7" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="22EC8B74E247672027B4CD6F6F804454" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="55F1AB40F4741D0563154537AE371227" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="B41AA8EFB88199E3B79B62F074762A57" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td id="CBCFAA3B0E9D83265DB304855E0751C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1314</td>
<td id="EC1CA357800879AA62606AA452867EBB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">21.725.6</td>
<td id="457E59BF8C36F42EA2FF762A07688100" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1011</td>
<td id="554CD3089E2DB55D91808CECF8C90C72" colspan="1" rowspan="1">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2747930A829CAC05E8DEA526DC101FAE">
<td id="ACA4FDAB29670DE87B1E2353E42A8E7A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="E4393B70B5185076C1BD8773285FFF12" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="B45776F3576A7A55FE6C00C6067641B1" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="EA6E50F093EF90D4454057F0AAB3CF68" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Present</td>
<td id="FA2A7529EC844AB37609327FA53264E1" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1113</td>
<td id="15FA2EAA2AD98B17AD4BD623CA61FAE5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17.821.0</td>
<td id="16258E39224BAC4200BB618EB82FB065" colspan="1" rowspan="1">10</td>
<td id="562F252C44A8C91E42B7B37961C6FF79" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1112</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3E50E3F193A67D5DCDDEBB4708344A16">
<td id="A1EB626D745406393490D348092643EA" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="2D4A9CE6F094A51C031CAC6FDB773C43" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="DD67D2FB91F4F434422292E27046B406" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="074EFF93D275C6EE4A8C3DAD6D626B17" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="AD38BFA39F8C42DC2349FF8CC00DC416" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 10</td>
<td id="4F7EABCA4AB780A7202CCB5A9B2C92C5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">16.617.6</td>
<td id="980D75AE20AEB4AF25404B0263FBC9D8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="1FC491E8A5CF1A8E25535604ADDA9381" colspan="1" rowspan="1">3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6E118AC4CAC45BA6E6EF7B2347EBD57">
<td id="CF0DDA33C0189EB556284952FEA15009" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="6803ADF69B55DA8D32EE377351CFB48E" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="C20D91E5656017502BD542199E4A3D18" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="7A86AC9387081987E1CAC8AF2D722448" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="C7F30262927DE72028B41E6254F86ABB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1112</td>
<td id="874F1AE8146930C4308A5B4E76F4B53A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">17.020.1</td>
<td id="02AC8B428EA7B03CD5560D4464D323F0" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1112</td>
<td id="453FD21CF6E77A2B3D42FA23BB23A3F8" colspan="1" rowspan="1">910</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1F6886831FC5BCD209A6B33F2AF25305">
<td id="B76C3C99F86A3241E4134534F2939204" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="946891A8C920DE6BFE434893742D6AA4" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="5B64D04255F3B4CC800AC65F3EF0A6A7" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="C7768EEACE666EB72C8D0A4C5966C697" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td id="91EBF6AD252137BD51EC6FEE51DDB404" colspan="1" rowspan="1">i, 1213</td>
<td id="CCF76BA37BCF3AE7EE86F70BF7F934C2" colspan="1" rowspan="1">18.221.2</td>
<td id="D44911BE0DD81910E0B76461EE54C812" colspan="1" rowspan="1">1112</td>
<td id="4D866782A621DB8F0A084BB2A4014387" colspan="1" rowspan="1">910</td>
</tr>
<tr id="274D73875164F2BD2ED58B7ADD2F9A37">
<td id="D4E1D4A4EB3C8260210EC28DA2657AC6" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" rowspan="1">-</td>
<emphasis id="5CCD9BCEBE8023FCB35B660CDA92F237" bold="true">
<td id="6B0FF8CF56E80168DF236A6536DD0206" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Preanus length of standard length (%)</td>
<td id="38D81E851DA5A75D53A15ABA3F0225E2" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Snout length of head length (%)</td>
<td id="19236232F04C3D6C4F01222EE0754A0F" colspan="1" rowspan="1">Reference</td>
</emphasis>
</tr>
<tr id="22595E0F0A4060B11761BBE30C128A94">
<td id="9C80960360BE084513C5B458CE435824" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="8C53E3A830214505C464FEE68F61689C" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luegvetensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="73134BCD0EF8A2EBA7F9CE680CD64518" italics="true">Paranemachilus luegvetensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B046628579E38EA101B61C95F5A20587" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="7A4702EED79536FFC4091B6FF26711AD" colspan="2" rowspan="1">68.373.9</td>
<td id="F2299B9DCD6F13EA730528820CB5CC86" colspan="2" rowspan="1">24.532.1</td>
<td id="9815EE82B204830214B3ED32B6C2F0F5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D572BCA1A3565F502D7E83702D8AA036">
<td id="EC90B43C3DD5FE0D266CF6F8833BFCD4" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="C87DAAF82CD1ACE81DDD646F7331B187" authorityName="Mo &amp; Yang &amp; Li &amp; Du" authorityYear="2024" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="liui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="79B3B2355E9B05DD0E6890488FA226C3" italics="true">Paranemachilus liui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2926F6C3BCED93B9DA169286E2F432F0" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</td>
<td id="0CABF6D40A6F4F3CD3AE1A7F0724875A" colspan="2" rowspan="1">67.474.3</td>
<td id="A7639B8D2204DE11FC7F232EC2EC35CF" colspan="2" rowspan="1">21.428.7</td>
<td id="C5E0EDFABA74F25C9FC83034591E9D49" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1EB60CC44F190129A2F82FB19DD8C189">
<td id="121A7BC303CD09E408637050F5332BB5" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="098B3BFAB9FCD12D8CE38BCD4EE406E2" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jinxiensis">
<emphasis id="188D320777CFE69C8763E8A8D0E571E8" italics="true">P. jinxiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="3B535D4D6167217617D734E7FCBF39EC" colspan="2" rowspan="1">/</td>
<td id="8BDA8A7A3F85FAC141C91882E8EA4AE5" colspan="2" rowspan="1">3741.7</td>
<td id="F283F520C296CB5C6531181F4B909C8A" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="AA03424632BC4624260E59D89F4033B5">
<td id="774A9839B7649472D34A05D328CA5980" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1FAF6AC5C371BD028899222594024183" authorityName="Zhu" authorityYear="1983" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="genilepis">
<emphasis id="A62873AC8282BCEC0B137452068229BF" italics="true">P. genilepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="51D227714DC594FBA17160C432A8D91D" colspan="2" rowspan="1">7678.5</td>
<td id="2ACCCE93BA5EAA71B11E429E0B800CA4" colspan="2" rowspan="1">3033.5</td>
<td id="0A6F7385CF99CCE15BFE6EC912EE94CB" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D6D07D25AB89EAB4F3C4BA4D001D53B4">
<td id="3DE9DB561DE413A413A81B7176F41419" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="7EDCF3DCC65FD54E20D1834FDDD811FB" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chongzuo">
<emphasis id="DF7533BB63FC5CC3A684AF33FAAC2585" italics="true">P. chongzuo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="EE43DFC727806A4591831C40390675C2" colspan="2" rowspan="1">76.778</td>
<td id="06FFC56277F74322D3695EC15E1F7A2F" colspan="2" rowspan="1">32.537</td>
<td id="C1E13E9AA3FB9639A400BA4E3A956E83" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="F3ABC3BDC2C9A544D945EE17F2F1F4F3">
<td id="163C023D349231CD867BD2CB1983D0BF" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="00D7A90D45B8898B9C5DAD541BC0D1D8" authorityName="Zhu &amp; Cao" authorityYear="1987" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zhengbaoshani">
<emphasis id="451477CDF38CD5DBFF0B81F317B2C178" italics="true">P. zhengbaoshani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="8E8EC68CA9641EA9F6E0EA1466C64871" colspan="2" rowspan="1">75.375.8</td>
<td id="7732FC91044DB4EF32309C97D22A4932" colspan="2" rowspan="1">3334.6</td>
<td id="61CD1D3F97DA9D4E3B0A57A470216B48" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
<tr id="B6F77A7ECDE5DA90D25BBC3B9ADD65D1">
<td id="9F798CF2B84AC47D91A29D85385E130D" colspan="1" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="437DD452257646C35AE1A5C9BE4F3ED0" authorityName="Gan" authorityYear="2013" family="Nemacheilidae" genus="Paranemachilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pingguoensis">
<emphasis id="6086C01EA51C8384558B698270E6A78D" italics="true">P. pingguoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="7B0EF2844B649FA5F0D6D7B4A7F04D22" colspan="2" rowspan="1">75.578.2</td>
<td id="F84BD5FAD3E03264050A6163E4D17C06" colspan="2" rowspan="1">29.136.7</td>
<td id="2265CCCF219B2B854D2E97E90A554509" colspan="1" rowspan="1">This study</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>