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<document id="4511342E127CE12E436744C831B0747F" ID-CLB-Dataset="7266" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4948.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ca555a3d-b787-4691-8ab8-0b0f86e03111" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620756" ID-ZooBank="E36ADD5D-B461-4082-8B53-F21AD3D3750C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1616141811732" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bentley, Rebecca Frances, Grant, Steven &amp; Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta" docDate="2021" docId="03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4928.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4948 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Corydoras bethanae Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt 2021, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="196" masterDocId="FFF50153FFCCFFD6FFF2FFE6FFBFFFC0" masterDocTitle="A new arc-striped species of Corydoras Lacépède, 1803 (Teleostei: Callichthyidae) from the Peruvian Amazon" masterLastPageNumber="200" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="185" updateTime="1698934325847" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="5CDBB1F3389387D0E2731792C0DB2F18">A new arc-striped species of Corydoras Lacépède, 1803 (Teleostei: Callichthyidae) from the Peruvian Amazon</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DECFC2842AA389E3B7C25AB819AC4C13">Bentley, Rebecca Frances</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DB9467540EDE7E85E9048228AA3F8E2D">7 Sweet Briar, Crowthorne, Berkshire, England, RG 45 6 TJ.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D6AA47357D41C09736AE12A6D9ECF935">Grant, Steven</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7AB75EFC132BF634B262AF9144778D7B">C / o 4 Milton Street, Castleford, England, WF 10 1 LW.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DA72B1F6C9DAEC09B727DAFC7AE8B612">Tencatt, Luiz Fernando Caserta</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C0D09D3BB352A896664A849AC194E210">Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Instituto de Biociências, Setor de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Avenida Costa e Silva, s / nº, Cidade Universitária, 79070 - 900 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. &amp; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Universitária de Coxim, Rua General Mendes de Moraes, 370, Jardim Aeroporto, 79400 - 000 Coxim, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="ED79A95B77F328B86E27784D63D31E41">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BBEA17FFB0A57D9F0D431F6EEB4E1C05">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="299647FA81B0F2C1740A6A9C5EDD679F">4948</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4700568" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181198132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4700568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCDFFD7FF65F999FD96F959" box="[151,553,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCDFFD7FF65F999FD96F959" blockId="1.[151,553,1663,1725]" box="[151,553,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<heading id="D0927F51FFCDFFD7FF65F999FD96F959" bold="true" box="[151,553,1663,1690]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FF65F999FD96F959" bold="true" box="[151,553,1663,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCDFFD7FF65F999FE34F95A" authority="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt, 2021" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,395,1663,1690]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FF65F999FE34F95A" bold="true" box="[151,395,1663,1690]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A954FFCDFFD7FE6BF999FD96F959" box="[409,553,1663,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCDFFD7FF65F945FE55F97D" box="[151,490,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCDFFD7FF65F945FE55F97D" blockId="1.[151,553,1663,1725]" box="[151,490,1699,1725]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCDFFD7FF6DF945FF52F97D" box="[159,237,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1879,1903]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,273,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-64@2.[151,1436,273,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Corydoras bethanae, holotype, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco, in dorsal (upper), lateral (middle), and ventral (lower) views. Photo by Nemo Martin; ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620758/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCDFFD7FF09F945FEA0F97D" box="[251,287,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Corydoras bethanae, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B. Corydoras arcuatus unpreserved aquarium specimen. C. Corydoras granti unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCDFFD7FED9F945FEF0F97D" box="[299,335,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of the head of A. the holotype of Corydoras bethanae, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL., showing the gap (yellow arrow) between body stripe and mask-like blotch, and B. Corydoras arcuatus, MNRJ 51069, 47.8 mm SL, showing the continuous stripe on region posterior to eye. Photo A. by Nemo Martin, and B. by Bruno Ferreira. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620762/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCDFFD7FEA9F945FE3CF97D" box="[347,387,1699,1725]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1415,512,1841]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetId-0="figure-256@7.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetId-1="figure-142@8.[151,1436,489,1856]" captionTargetId-2="figure-27@9.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the dorsal-fin spine (A) and dorsal view of the left pectoral-fin spine (B) (mirrored) in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 mm SL. Black arrows indicate serrations that are perpendicularly directed or directed towards tip of spine. Scale bar: 1 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Live coloration of paratypes of Corydoras bethanae, BMNH 2017.5.25.1-21, showing A. female, and B. male. Fin coloration affected by background colors. Arrows indicate gap in arc-stripe around the suture between neurocranium. Photos by Steven Grant." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620766" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620768" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4620766/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4620768/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">4-6</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6E7FD86FFCDFFD7FE7CF945FE60F97D" box="[398,479,1699,1725]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,362,386]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of the holotype and 24 paratypes of Corydoras bethanae. Values of the holotype included in range and median. SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" tableUuid="DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCDFFD7FF65F90EFEA9F8FD" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCDFFD7FF65F90EFEA9F8FD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1767,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCDFFD7FF65F90EFEBCF8C0" ID-CoL="62LZX" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,259,1768,1792]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FF65F90EFEBCF8C0" box="[151,259,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Corydoras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. CW006:—
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCDFFD7FE68F901FD65F93F" author="Alexandrou, M. A. &amp; Oliveira, C. &amp; Maillard, M. &amp; McGill, R. A. R. &amp; Newton, J. &amp; Creer, S. &amp; Taylor, M. I." box="[410,730,1767,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" pagination="84 - 89" refId="ref8077" refString="Alexandrou, M. A., Oliveira, C., Maillard, M., McGill, R. A. R., Newton, J., Creer, S. &amp; Taylor, M. I. (2011) Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in M ʾ llerian co-mimics. Nature, 469, 84 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 09660" type="journal article" year="2011">
Alexandrou
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FDE9F90EFDF0F8C0" box="[539,591,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 85–86
</bibRefCitation>
(“
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FD06F90EFCB3F93F" box="[756,780,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">C.</emphasis>
sp. CW6”; phylogeny; as member of the lineage 8; mimicry).—
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCDFFD7FF35F8E1FE4CF8DE" author="Tencatt, L. F. C. &amp; Lima, F. C. T. &amp; Britto, M. R." box="[199,499,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" pagination="453 - 471" refId="ref10833" refString="Tencatt, L. F. C., Lima, F. C. T. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2019) Deconstructing an octongeneric misconception reveals the true Corydoras arcuatus Elwin 1938 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) and a new Corydoras species from the Amazon basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 95 (2), 453 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13980" type="journal article" year="2019">
Tencatt
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FEEAF8E1FEF2F8DE" box="[280,333,1798,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">et al.</emphasis>
, 2019: 459–460
</bibRefCitation>
(comparison with
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCDFFD7FD46F8E1FC95F8DE" ID-CoL="YPV2" authorityName="Elwin" authorityYear="1938" box="[692,810,1799,1822]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FD46F8E1FC95F8DE" box="[692,810,1799,1822]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">C. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; photo in life (fig. 8) of the specimen designated as
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFCDFFD7FAB6F8E0FA22F8DE" box="[1348,1437,1798,1822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
herein).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCDFFD4FF65F88DFD9FFF39" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCDFFD7FF65F88DFEDFF80D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1899,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFCDFFD7FF65F88DFEDFF80D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360305" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Department" location="Soplin District" municipality="Requena Province" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCode="MUSM 69403" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FF65F88DFEB4F845" bold="true" box="[151,267,1899,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFCDFFD7FF65F88DFEB9F845" box="[151,262,1899,1925]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBC36046FFCDFFD7FEE3F88DFE09F845" box="[273,438,1899,1925]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">MUSM 69403</specimenCode>
, female,
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCDFFD7FDE8F88DFDC1F846" box="[538,638,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="51.2">51.2 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F37288ADFFCDFFD7FD40F88AFD57F846" box="[690,744,1900,1926]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BBB0B1FFCDFFD7FD01F88AFCC8F846" box="[755,887,1900,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Department</collectingCounty>
of
<collectingRegion id="49A106DFFFCDFFD7FC69F88AFC56F846" box="[923,1001,1900,1926]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Loreto</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE5247FFCDFFD7FC01F88AFB7EF845" box="[1011,1217,1899,1926]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Requena Province</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FB3EF88DFACCF845" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FB3EF88DFACCF845" box="[1228,1395,1899,1925]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="Requena Province" name="Soplin District" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="Loreto">Soplin District</location>
,
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FA8FF88DFF59F869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FA8FF88DFF59F869" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="Requena Province" name="rio Blanco" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="Loreto">río Blanco</location>
(close to the confluence with the
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FD9EF869FD4EF86A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FD9EF869FD4EF86A" box="[620,753,1935,1962]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="Requena Province" name="rio Tapiche" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="Loreto">río Tapiche</location>
), aquarium specimen imported in 2017 by
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FB2BF869FA23F869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFCDFFD7FB2BF869FA23F869" box="[1241,1436,1935,1961]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="Requena Province" name="Aquarium Glaser" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" stateProvince="Loreto">Aquarium Glaser</location>
GmbH,
<collectingCountry id="F37288ADFFCDFFD7FF03F855FEE4F80D" box="[241,347,1971,1997]" name="Germany" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">Germany</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCDFFD4FF35F831FD9FFF39" blockId="1.[151,1436,1899,2034]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,150,249]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="186" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFCDFFD7FF35F831FBC3F831" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360302" box="[199,1148,2007,2034]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Peru" county="Department" location="Soplin District" municipality="Requena Province" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCDFFD7FF35F831FEF9F831" bold="true" box="[199,326,2007,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFCDFFD7FF35F831FEFEF831" box="[199,321,2007,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED7450F8FFCDFFD7FEA2F83EFE1BF832" box="[336,420,2008,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">BMNH</collectionCode>
2017.5.25.1-21, 21,
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCDFFD7FD65F831FC82F832" box="[663,829,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05" metricValueMax="5.7299999999999995" metricValueMin="4.37" pageId="1" pageNumber="185" unit="mm" value="50.5" valueMax="57.3" valueMin="43.7">43.7–57.3 mm</quantity>
SL, same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
;
<collectionCode id="ED7450F8FFCDFFD7FB78F83EFB61F832" box="[1162,1246,2008,2034]" pageId="1" pageNumber="185">BMNH</collectionCode>
2018.7.5.4-5, 2, 56.0–56.0 mm SL;
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFCEFFD4FE87FF71FD73FF71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360301" box="[373,716,150,177]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="MNRJ 52311, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBC36046FFCEFFD4FE87FF71FDAFFF71" box="[373,528,150,177]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">MNRJ 52311</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC36046FFCEFFD4FDEFFF71FD94FF71" box="[541,555,151,177]" collectionCode="MNRJ" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">1</specimenCode>
,
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCEFFD4FDC8FF70FD1FFF71" box="[570,672,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.31" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="53.1">53.1 mm</quantity>
SL
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFCEFFD4FD2BFF71FB38FF71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360304" box="[729,1159,151,177]" collectionCode="ZUFMS" country="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" specimenCode="ZUFMS 6470, 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="DBC36046FFCEFFD4FD2BFF71FCC5FF71" box="[729,890,151,177]" collectionCode="ZUFMS" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">ZUFMS 6470</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="DBC36046FFCEFFD4FC75FF71FC2AFF71" box="[903,917,151,177]" collectionCode="ZUFMS" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">1</specimenCode>
of 3,
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCEFFD4FC29FF71FBFEFF71" box="[987,1089,151,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.99" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="49.9">49.9 mm</quantity>
SL, 2
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFCEFFD4FB62FF71FDA3FF39" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360303" collectionCode="CS" country="Peru" location="Maidenhead Aquatics" municipality="Department" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loreto" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="ED7450F8FFCEFFD4FB62FF71FB0DFF71" box="[1168,1202,151,177]" country="France" name="Musee des Dinosaures d'Esperaza (Aude)" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">CS</collectionCode>
of 3, 55.0–
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCEFFD4FAC5FF70FA22FF71" box="[1335,1437,150,177]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" unit="mm" value="56.9">56.9 mm</quantity>
SL,
<collectingCountry id="F37288ADFFCEFFD4FF35FF5DFF42FF15" box="[199,253,187,213]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE5247FFCEFFD4FEF8FF5DFE31FF15" box="[266,398,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Department</collectingMunicipality>
of
<collectingRegion id="49A106DFFFCEFFD4FE45FF5DFDBAFF15" box="[439,517,187,213]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Loreto</collectingRegion>
, said to be from the
<collectingRegion id="49A106DFFFCEFFD4FD00FF5DFCCEFF15" box="[754,881,187,213]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">río Ucayali</collectingRegion>
basin, aquarium specimens imported in 2018 by
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFCEFFD4FF65FF39FE32FF39" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFCEFFD4FF65FF39FE32FF39" box="[151,397,223,249]" country="Peru" municipality="Department" name="Maidenhead Aquatics" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" stateProvince="Loreto">Maidenhead Aquatics</location>
, Wigan, UK
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFCEFFD4FF65F8B1FE90F877" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620758/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" startId="2.[151,250,1879,1903]" targetBox="[151,1436,273,1856]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCEFFD4FF65F8B1FE90F877" blockId="2.[151,1437,1879,1975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCEFFD4FF65F8B1FEABF8AF" bold="true" box="[151,276,1879,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCEFFD4FEEEF8B1FE52F8AF" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,493,1879,1903]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="186" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCEFFD4FEEEF8B1FE52F8AF" box="[284,493,1879,1903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="186">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco, in dorsal (upper), lateral (middle), and ventral (lower) views. Photo by Nemo Martin; ©The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCFFFD5FF35FF5CFB42FC0A" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCFFFD5FF35FF5CFB42FC0A" blockId="3.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FF35FF5CFEFDFF14" bold="true" box="[199,322,186,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FEBEFF5DFD8AFF15" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[332,565,187,213]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FEBEFF5DFD8AFF15" box="[332,565,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from its congeners, except for those belonging to the lineage 8
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FEF1FF39FEFEFF38" box="[259,321,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCFFFD5FEBAFF39FDE1FF39" author="Alexandrou, M. A. &amp; Oliveira, C. &amp; Maillard, M. &amp; McGill, R. A. R. &amp; Newton, J. &amp; Creer, S. &amp; Taylor, M. I." box="[328,606,223,249]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="84 - 89" refId="ref8077" refString="Alexandrou, M. A., Oliveira, C., Maillard, M., McGill, R. A. R., Newton, J., Creer, S. &amp; Taylor, M. I. (2011) Competition and phylogeny determine community structure in M ʾ llerian co-mimics. Nature, 469, 84 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / nature 09660" type="journal article" year="2011">
Alexandrou
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FE21FF39FDB4FF39" box="[467,523,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">et al.</emphasis>
(2011)
</bibRefCitation>
, by having the posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with laminar serrations directed towards the origin of the spine (
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FD95FEE5FD39FEDC" box="[615,646,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
absence of such serration pattern); from the species within lineage 8, except for
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FEE3FEC1FE2BFE80" authorityName="Elwin" authorityYear="1938" box="[273,404,295,321]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FEE3FEC1FE2BFE80" box="[273,404,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it differs by the presence of a long, wide, arched, and continuous black stripe, which runs parallel to the dorsal profile of the body, extending at least from the region below anterior origin of dorsal fin to the anterior half of the ventral caudal-fin lobe (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FD70FE89FD64FE49" box="[642,731,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Corydoras bethanae, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B. Corydoras arcuatus unpreserved aquarium specimen. C. Corydoras granti unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FD06FE89FCACFE48" box="[756,787,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
absence of a similar stripe in remaining lineage 8 congeners); from
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FEECFE75FE1EFE6C" authorityName="Elwin" authorityYear="1938" box="[286,417,403,429]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FEECFE75FE1EFE6C" box="[286,417,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FE40FE75FDB6FE6D" box="[434,521,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Corydoras bethanae, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B. Corydoras arcuatus unpreserved aquarium specimen. C. Corydoras granti unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) differs by the color pattern of the head (presence of a black stripe transversally crossing the eye, forming the typical mask-like blotch; mask clearly not fused to arched stripe in most specimens; some specimens with mask separated from arched stripe by a thin line around the suture between neurocranium (on the region composed by the posteroventral margin of parieto-supraoccipital plus the posterodorsal margin of the compound pterotic) and first dorsolateral body plate in
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FCFFFDC5FC29FDFD" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[781,918,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FCFFFDC5FC29FDFD" box="[781,918,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FC55FDC5FBB7FDFD" box="[935,1032,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of the head of A. the holotype of Corydoras bethanae, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL., showing the gap (yellow arrow) between body stripe and mask-like blotch, and B. Corydoras arcuatus, MNRJ 51069, 47.8 mm SL, showing the continuous stripe on region posterior to eye. Photo A. by Nemo Martin, and B. by Bruno Ferreira. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Figs. 3A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FBB3FDC5FBEFFDFE" box="[1089,1104,547,574]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-27@9.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Live coloration of paratypes of Corydoras bethanae, BMNH 2017.5.25.1-21, showing A. female, and B. male. Fin coloration affected by background colors. Arrows indicate gap in arc-stripe around the suture between neurocranium. Photos by Steven Grant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620768/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">6</figureCitation>
)
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FB93FDC5FBC0FDFC" box="[1121,1151,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
mask-like blotch absent; continuous black stripe extending from area at corner of mouth to anteroventral margin of orbit and starting again from posterodorsal margin of orbit; running close and in parallel to dorsum from this point to anterior margin of first dorsolateral body plate, merging with trunk section of the arched stripe in
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FC23FD69FBEDFD68" authorityName="Elwin" authorityYear="1938" box="[977,1106,655,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FC23FD69FBEDFD68" box="[977,1106,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FB93FD69FB07FD69" box="[1121,1208,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[151,1436,705,1619]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal view of the head of A. the holotype of Corydoras bethanae, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL., showing the gap (yellow arrow) between body stripe and mask-like blotch, and B. Corydoras arcuatus, MNRJ 51069, 47.8 mm SL, showing the continuous stripe on region posterior to eye. Photo A. by Nemo Martin, and B. by Bruno Ferreira. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620762/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
), by having a longer snout (53.4–67.4% of HL
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FE32FD55FE61FD0C" box="[448,478,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
42.1–51.5), a smaller HL (30.4–34.7% of SL
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FC1BFD55FBB8FD0C" box="[1001,1031,691,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
41.1–51.4), and a larger least interorbital distance (42.6–49.2% of HL
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FDD8FD31FDF7FD30" box="[554,584,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
28.7–36.0). Additionally, the new species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FB5DFD31FF77FCD5" authority="Nijssen &amp; Isbr" authorityName="Nijssen &amp; Isbr" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FB5DFD31FA99FD31" box="[1199,1318,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. gracilis</emphasis>
Nijssen &amp; Isbr
</taxonomicName>
̹cker, 1976 and
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FE72FD1DFD01FCD5" authority="Nijssen &amp; Isbr" authorityName="Nijssen &amp; Isbr" box="[384,702,763,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="narcissus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FE72FD1DFDB4FCD4" box="[384,523,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. narcissus</emphasis>
Nijssen &amp; Isbr
</taxonomicName>
̹cker, 1980a by having laminar serrations on posterior margin of pectoral-fin spine (
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FE9FFCF9FE34FCF8" box="[365,395,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
conical); from
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FDC8FCF9FD0EFCF9" box="[570,689,799,825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FDC8FCF9FD0EFCF9" box="[570,689,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. gracilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FD1AFCF9FB75FCF9" authority="Britto, Wosiacki &amp; Montag, 2009" authorityName="Britto, Wosiacki &amp; Montag" authorityYear="2009" box="[744,1226,799,825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="urucu">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FD1AFCF9FCF5FCF8" box="[744,842,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. urucu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCFFFD5FCA3FCF9FB75FCF9" author="Britto, M. R. &amp; Wosiacki, W. B. &amp; Montag, L. F. A." box="[849,1226,799,825]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="684 - 689" refId="ref8697" refString="Britto, M. R., Wosiacki, W. B. &amp; Montag, L. F. A. (2009) A new species of Corydoradinae catfish (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from Rio Solimies Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 4, 684 - 689. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / CI- 08 - 228" type="journal article" year="2009">Britto, Wosiacki &amp; Montag, 2009</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by having pointed snout, presenting a long mesethmoid, with anterior tip larger than 50% of the entire length of the bone (
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FAE9FCA5FA85FC9C" box="[1307,1338,835,860]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
rounded snout, presenting a short mesethmoid, with anterior tip smaller than 50% of the entire bone length); from
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCFFFD5FAC5FC81FE66FC65" authority="Tencatt, Lima &amp; Britto, 2019" authorityName="Tencatt, Lima &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2019" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FAC5FC81FA23FC40" box="[1335,1436,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">C. granti</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCFFFD5FF65FC6DFE66FC65" author="Tencatt, L. F. C. &amp; Lima, F. C. T. &amp; Britto, M. R." box="[151,473,907,933]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" pagination="453 - 471" refId="ref10833" refString="Tencatt, L. F. C., Lima, F. C. T. &amp; Britto, M. R. (2019) Deconstructing an octongeneric misconception reveals the true Corydoras arcuatus Elwin 1938 (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) and a new Corydoras species from the Amazon basin. Journal of Fish Biology, 95 (2), 453 - 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 13980" type="journal article" year="2019">Tencatt, Lima &amp; Britto, 2019</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FE15FC6DFD83FC65" box="[487,572,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Corydoras bethanae, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B. Corydoras arcuatus unpreserved aquarium specimen. C. Corydoras granti unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
) by having ventral surface of trunk covered by small, non-coalescent platelets (
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FF53FC49FF00FC08" box="[161,191,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">vs.</emphasis>
ventral surface of trunk entirely or partially covered by relatively large and coalescent platelets).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFCFFFDCFF35FC34FB02FDD9" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="194" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCFFFD5FF35FC34FAE4FACD" blockId="3.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCFFFD5FF35FC34FEE6FC2C" bold="true" box="[199,345,978,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Description.</emphasis>
Morphometric data are presented in
<tableCitation id="C6E7FD86FFCFFFD5FD08FC35FCF0FC2D" box="[762,847,979,1005]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,362,386]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of the holotype and 24 paratypes of Corydoras bethanae. Values of the holotype included in range and median. SD = standard deviation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" pageId="3" pageNumber="187" tableUuid="DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Head laterally compressed with convex dorsal profile, roughly triangular in dorsal view. Snout conical in dorsal view, ranging from pointed to conspicuously pointed. Head profile in lateral view slightly concave from tip of snout to anterior nares, ascending slightly concave from this point to anterior portion of parieto-supraoccipital process; slightly convex or nearly straight from this point to dorsal-fin origin. Profile slightly convex along dorsal-fin base. Postdorsal-fin body profile slightly concave to adiposefin spine, concave from this point to caudal-fin base. Ventral profile of body nearly straight or slightly convex from isthmus to pectoral girdle, and slightly convex from this point until pelvic girdle. Profile nearly straight or slightly convex from pelvic girdle to base of first anal-fin ray, ascending abruptly concave until caudal-fin base. Body roughly elliptical in cross section at pectoral girdle, gradually becoming more compressed toward caudal fin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCFFFD5FF35FAF1FDA9F9ED" blockId="3.[151,1437,186,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Eye rounded, located dorsolaterally on head. Orbit delimited anteriorly by lateral ethmoid, anterodorsally by frontal, posterodorsally by sphenotic, posteriorly by infraorbital 2, and ventrally by infraorbital 1. Anterior and posterior nares close to each other, only separated by flap of skin. Anterior naris tubular. Posterior naris close to anterodorsal margin of orbit, separated from it by distance slightly larger than naris diameter. Mouth small, subterminal, width slightly smaller than bony orbit diameter. Maxillary barbel long in size, reaching anteroventral limit of gill opening. Outer mental barbel slightly longer than maxillary barbel. Inner mental barbel fleshy, base of each counterpart slightly separated from each other. Small rounded papillae covering entire surface of all barbels, upper and lower lips, snout and isthmus.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCFFFD2FF35F9D1FED5FEFB" blockId="3.[151,1437,186,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,315]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="188" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">
Mesethmoid long with anterior tip well developed, larger than 50% of bone length (see Britto, 2003: 123, character 1, state 0; fig. 1A); posterior portion relatively narrow, entirely covered by thin layer of skin. Middle portion of mesethmoid with strongly well-developed lateroventral process; region of process with width clearly larger than width of posterior portion of mesethmoid. Nasal capsule delimited anteriorly and ventrally by lateral ethmoid, and posteriorly and dorsally by frontal. Nasal slender, laterally curved, inner margin laminar; mesial border contacting only frontal. Lateral ethmoid conspicuously expanded anteriorly, with anterodorsal expansion contacting frontal and mesethmoid, and anteroventral expansion connected to lateroventral process of mesethmoid. Frontal elongated, ranging from narrow, width less than half of entire length, to relatively wide, with width equal to half of entire length; anterior projection long, size equal to or slightly larger than nasal length. Frontal fontanel large, slender, and somewhat ellipsoid; posterior tip extension entering anterior margin of parieto-supraoccipital. Sphenotic somewhat trapezoid, contacting parieto-supraoccipital dorsally, compound pterotic posteriorly, second infraorbital ventrally and frontal anteriorly (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCFFFD5FE67F825FE65F81D" box="[405,474,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-256@7.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="187">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Compound pterotic roughly pipe-shaped, with posteriormost portion contacting first lateral-line ossicle, posteroventral margin contacting cleithrum, and anteroventral margin contacting opercle and infraorbital 2, and posterior expansion almost entirely covering lateral opening of swimbladder capsule, leaving slender area on its dorsal margin covered only by thick layer of skin (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC8FFD2FC6CFF3AFC5BFF36" box="[926,996,220,246]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-256@7.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Parieto-supraoccipital wide, posterior process long and contacting nuchal plate; region of contact between posterior process and nuchal plate covered by thick layer of skin.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" ID-Table-UUID="DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF1A98B5FFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" startId="4.[151,239,362,386]" targetBox="[166,1374,437,1347]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFD37FE66" blockId="4.[151,1436,362,422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FF65FE8CFEB5FE42" bold="true" box="[151,266,362,386]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphometric data of the holotype and 24 paratypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC8FFD2FC96FE8CFB81FE42" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[868,1086,362,386]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FC96FE8CFB81FE42" box="[868,1086,362,386]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Values of the holotype included in range and median. SD = standard deviation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC8FFD2FD07FE50FAEBFA83" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<table id="F9653A9DFFC80029FF54FE53FAE1FA83" box="[166,1374,437,1347]" gridcols="4" gridrows="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FE53FAE1FE0E" box="[166,1374,437,462]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FE53FCECFE0E" box="[757,851,437,462]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Holotype</th>
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFE53FBEDFE0E" box="[1000,1106,437,462]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FC0AFE50FB82FE0E" bold="true" box="[1016,1085,438,462]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Range</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FE53FAE1FE0E" box="[1265,1374,437,462]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FB03FE53FAE1FE0D" bold="true" box="[1265,1374,437,461]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Mean±SD</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FE38FAE1FE36" box="[166,1374,478,502]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FE38FE7EFE36" box="[166,449,478,502]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Standard length (mm)</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FE38FCECFE36" box="[757,851,478,502]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">51.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFE38FBEDFE36" box="[1000,1106,478,502]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">43.7–57.5</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FE38FAE1FE36" box="[1265,1374,478,502]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">49.3±3.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FDE0FAE1FDDE" box="[166,1374,518,542]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FDE0FAE1FDDE" box="[166,1374,518,542]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FF54FDE0FE70FDDE" bold="true" box="[166,463,518,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Percents of standard length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FDC8FAE1FD86" box="[166,1374,558,582]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FDC8FE7EFD86" box="[166,449,558,582]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Depth of body</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FDC8FCECFD86" box="[757,851,558,582]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">35.7</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFDC8FBEDFD86" box="[1000,1106,558,582]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">35.1–38.6</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FDC8FAE1FD86" box="[1265,1374,558,582]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">36.7±1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FDB0FAE1FDAF" box="[166,1374,598,623]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FDB0FE7EFDAF" box="[166,449,598,623]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Predorsal distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FDB0FCECFDAF" box="[757,851,598,623]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">43.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFDB0FBEDFDAF" box="[1000,1106,598,623]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">41.7–50.4</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FDB0FAE1FDAF" box="[1265,1374,598,623]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">47.2±2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FD99FAE1FD57" box="[166,1374,639,663]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FD99FE7EFD57" box="[166,449,639,663]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Prepelvic distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FD99FCECFD57" box="[757,851,639,663]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">46.3</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFD99FBEDFD57" box="[1000,1106,639,663]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">44.2–48.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FD99FAE1FD57" box="[1265,1374,639,663]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">46.5±0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FD41FAE1FD7F" box="[166,1374,679,703]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FD41FE7EFD7F" box="[166,449,679,703]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Preanal distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FD41FCECFD7F" box="[757,851,679,703]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">78.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFD41FBEDFD7F" box="[1000,1106,679,703]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">72.8–80.7</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FD41FAE1FD7F" box="[1265,1374,679,703]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">77.8±1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FD29FAE1FD27" box="[166,1374,719,743]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FD29FE7EFD27" box="[166,449,719,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Preadipose distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FD29FCECFD27" box="[757,851,719,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">76.9</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFD29FBEDFD27" box="[1000,1106,719,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">76.9–83.6</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FD29FAE1FD27" box="[1265,1374,719,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">80.2±1.7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FD11FAE1FCD0" box="[166,1374,759,784]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FD11FE7EFCD0" box="[166,449,759,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Length of dorsal-fin spine</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FD11FCECFCD0" box="[757,851,759,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">25.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFD11FBEDFCD0" box="[1000,1106,759,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.9–26.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FD11FAE1FCD0" box="[1265,1374,759,784]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">24.7±1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FCC6FAE1FCF8" box="[166,1374,800,824]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FCC6FE7EFCF8" box="[166,449,800,824]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Length of pectoral-fin spine</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FCC6FCECFCF8" box="[757,851,800,824]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">22.3</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFCC6FBEDFCF8" box="[1000,1106,800,824]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.5–26.1</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FCC6FAE1FCF8" box="[1265,1374,800,824]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">23.4±1.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FCAEFAE1FCA0" box="[166,1374,840,864]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FCAEFE7EFCA0" box="[166,449,840,864]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Length of adipose-fin spine</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FCAEFCECFCA0" box="[757,851,840,864]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">10.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFCAEFBEDFCA0" box="[1000,1106,840,864]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">8.6–10.6</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FCAEFAE1FCA0" box="[1265,1374,840,864]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">9.5±0.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FC96FAE1FC48" box="[166,1374,880,904]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FC96FE7EFC48" box="[166,449,880,904]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Depth of caudal peduncle</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FC96FCECFC48" box="[757,851,880,904]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">15.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFC96FBEDFC48" box="[1000,1106,880,904]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">8.0–16.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FC96FAE1FC48" box="[1265,1374,880,904]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14.7±1.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FC7EFAE1FC71" box="[166,1374,920,945]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FC7EFE7EFC71" box="[166,449,920,945]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Length of dorsal-fin base</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FC7EFCECFC71" box="[757,851,920,945]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.1</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFC7EFBEDFC71" box="[1000,1106,920,945]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">19.1–25.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FC7EFAE1FC71" box="[1265,1374,920,945]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.5±1.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FC27FAE1FC19" box="[166,1374,961,985]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FC27FE7EFC19" box="[166,449,961,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Dorsal to adipose distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FC27FCECFC19" box="[757,851,961,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14.5</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFC27FBEDFC19" box="[1000,1106,961,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">13.4–21.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FC27FAE1FC19" box="[1265,1374,961,985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">16.2±1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FC0FFAE1FBC1" box="[166,1374,1001,1025]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FC0FFE7EFBC1" box="[166,449,1001,1025]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Maximum cleithral width</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FC0FFCECFBC1" box="[757,851,1001,1025]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">23.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFC0FFBEDFBC1" box="[1000,1106,1001,1025]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.6–24.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FC0FFAE1FBC1" box="[1265,1374,1001,1025]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">23.1±0.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FBF7FAE1FBE9" box="[166,1374,1041,1065]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FBF7FE7EFBE9" box="[166,449,1041,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Head length</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FBF7FCECFBE9" box="[757,851,1041,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">31.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFBF7FBEDFBE9" box="[1000,1106,1041,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">30.4–34.7</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FBF7FAE1FBE9" box="[1265,1374,1041,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">32.4±1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FBDFFAE1FB92" box="[166,1374,1081,1106]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FBDFFE7EFB92" box="[166,449,1081,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Length of maxillary barbel</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FBDFFCECFB92" box="[757,851,1081,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFBDFFBEDFB92" box="[1000,1106,1081,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">14.6–22.9</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FBDFFAE1FB92" box="[1265,1374,1081,1106]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">19.1±2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FB87FAE1FBB9" box="[166,1374,1121,1145]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FB87FAE1FBB9" box="[166,1374,1121,1145]" colspan="4" colspanRight="3" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC8FFD2FF54FB87FE1DFBB9" bold="true" box="[166,418,1121,1145]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Percents of head length</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FB6FFAE1FB62" box="[166,1374,1161,1186]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FB6FFE7EFB62" box="[166,449,1161,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Head depth</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FB6FFCECFB62" box="[757,851,1161,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">70.4</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFB6FFBEDFB62" box="[1000,1106,1161,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">58.6–81.7</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FB6FFAE1FB62" box="[1265,1374,1161,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">72.1±5.6</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FB54FAE1FB0A" box="[166,1374,1202,1226]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FB54FE7EFB0A" box="[166,449,1202,1226]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Least interorbital distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FB54FCECFB0A" box="[757,851,1202,1226]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">48.8</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFB54FBEDFB0A" box="[1000,1106,1202,1226]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">42.6–49.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FB54FAE1FB0A" box="[1265,1374,1202,1226]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">45.7±1.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FB3CFAE1FB32" box="[166,1374,1242,1266]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FB3CFE7EFB32" box="[166,449,1242,1266]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Horizontal orbit diameter</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FB3CFCECFB32" box="[757,851,1242,1266]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">28.9</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFB3CFBEDFB32" box="[1000,1106,1242,1266]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">20.7–30.2</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FB3CFAE1FB32" box="[1265,1374,1242,1266]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">26.8±2.1</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FAE4FAE1FADA" box="[166,1374,1282,1306]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FAE4FE7EFADA" box="[166,449,1282,1306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Snout length</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FAE4FCECFADA" box="[757,851,1282,1306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">59.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFAE4FBEDFADA" box="[1000,1106,1282,1306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">53.4–67.4</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FAE4FAE1FADA" box="[1265,1374,1282,1306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">58.9±2.9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3555CA7FFFC80029FF54FACCFAE1FA83" box="[166,1374,1322,1347]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
<th id="7684A303FFC80029FF54FACCFE7EFA83" box="[166,449,1322,1347]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Least internarial distance</th>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FD07FACCFCECFA83" box="[757,851,1322,1347]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">27.3</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FC1AFACCFBEDFA83" box="[1000,1106,1322,1347]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">15.0–29.0</td>
<td id="7684A303FFC80029FB03FACCFAE1FA83" box="[1265,1374,1322,1347]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">21.3±4.2</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC8FFD2FF35FA96FEE9F8C7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1391,2043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
Two laminar infraorbitals with minute odontodes. Infraorbital 1 large, ventral laminar expansion moderately developed, anterior portion with well-developed laminar expansion, reaching to or slightly surpassing anterior margin of nasal capsule; inner laminar expansion strongly reduced (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC8FFD2FC85FA53FC00FA0F" box="[887,959,1461,1487]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-256@7.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Infraorbital 2 small, widened, with posterior laminar expansion well developed; posteroventral margin contacting posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, posterodorsal edge contacting sphenotic and compound pterotic; inner laminar expansion strongly reduced (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC8FFD2FAB8FA1CFA30F9D4" box="[1354,1423,1530,1556]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetId="figure-256@7.[151,1436,669,1747]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula close to its articulation with opercle relatively slender, exposed, and bearing small odontodes. Dorsal ridge of hyomandibula between compound pterotic and opercle covered by thick layer of skin; covered by posterodorsal edge of infraorbital
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFC8FFD2FD12F984FCB3F9BC" box="[736,780,1634,1660]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="188" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
some specimens. Interopercle partially exposed, with anterior portion covered by thick skin layer; subtriangular, anterior projection well-developed. Preopercle elongated, ranging from relatively slender to widened; minute odontodes sparse on external surface. Opercle dorsoventrally elongated, width smaller than half of entire length; free margin slightly convex, without serrations and covered by small odontodes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC8FFD0FF35F8F6FC1AFEDD" blockId="4.[151,1437,1391,2043]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="190" pageId="4" pageNumber="188">
Four branchiostegal rays decreasing in size posteriorly. Hypobranchial 2 somewhat triangular, tip ossified and directed towards anterior portion, posterior margin cartilaginous; ossified portion conspicuously well developed, its size about three times cartilaginous portion. Five ceratobranchials with expansions increasing posteriorly; ceratobranchial 1 with small process on anterior margin of mesial portion; ceratobranchial 3 with continuous laminar expansion on postero-lateral margin; ceratobranchial 5 toothed on posterodorsal surface, with 34 to 42 (2) teeth aligned in one row. Four epibranchials with similar size; epibranchial 2 slightly larger than others, with small pointed process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; epibranchial 3 with roughly triangular or somewhat trapezoid uncinate process on laminar expansion of posterior margin; uncinate process curved mesially in left side of
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFCAFFD0FF47FF5DFEAAFF15" box="[181,277,187,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
ZUFMS 6470,
<quantity id="4C9D65D8FFCAFFD0FE31FF5CFD98FF15" box="[451,551,186,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" unit="mm" value="56.9">56.9 mm</quantity>
SL. Two wide pharyngobranchials (3 and 4); pharyngobranchial 3 with roughly triangular laminar expansion on posterior margin; variably notched expansion in some specimens. Upper tooth plate oval, 34 to 47 (2) teeth aligned in two rows on posteroventral surface.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC9FFD3FF65F871FC20F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" startId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC9FFD3FF65F871FC20F837" blockId="5.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC9FFD3FF65F871FEA9F86F" bold="true" box="[151,278,1943,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC9FFD3FEB2F87EFDACF870" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[320,531,1944,1968]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC9FFD3FEB2F87EFDACF870" box="[320,531,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC9FFD3FEFFF85AFE65F813" authorityName="Elwin" authorityYear="1938" box="[269,474,1980,2004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC9FFD3FEFFF85AFE65F813" box="[269,474,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Corydoras arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
unpreserved aquarium specimen. C.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC9FFD3FCAEF85AFBB0F813" authorityName="Tencatt, Lima &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2019" box="[860,1039,1980,2004]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="189" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC9FFD3FCAEF85AFBB0F813" box="[860,1039,1980,2004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="189">Corydoras granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCAFFD0FF35FEC1FBD0FD69" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">Lateral-line canal reaching cephalic laterosensory system through compound pterotic, branching twice before reaching sphenotic: pterotic branch, with single pore, preoperculomandibular branch conspicuously reduced, with single pore opening at postotic main canal; postotic main canal becoming widened just posterior to pterotic branch. Sensory canal continuing through compound pterotic, reaching sphenotic as temporal canal, which splits into two branches: one branch giving rise to infraorbital canal, other branch connecting to frontal through supraorbital canal, both with single pore. Supraorbital canal branched, running through nasal bone. Epiphyseal branch conspicuously reduced; pore opening close to supraorbital main canal, directed towards frontal fontanel. Nasal canal with two or three openings, first on posterior edge, second, when present, on posterolateral portion and generally fused with first pore, and third on anterior edge. Infraorbital canal running through entire infraorbital 2, extending to infraorbital 1 and opening into two pores. Preoperculomandibular branch giving rise to preoperculo-mandibular canal, which runs through entire preopercle with three openings, leading to pores 3, 4, and 5, respectively.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFCAFFD0FF65F98CFF79F92E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620762/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" startId="6.[151,250,1642,1666]" targetBox="[151,1436,705,1619]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCAFFD0FF65F98CFF79F92E" blockId="6.[151,1436,1642,1774]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCAFFD0FF65F98CFEABF943" bold="true" box="[151,276,1642,1667]" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Dorsal view of the head of A. the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCAFFD0FD05F98DFB9CF943" authority=", MUSM" authorityName="MUSM" box="[759,1059,1643,1667]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCAFFD0FD05F98DFC77F943" box="[759,968,1643,1667]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
, MUSM
</taxonomicName>
69403, female, 51.2 mm SL., showing the gap (yellow arrow) between body stripe and mask-like blotch, and B.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCAFFD0FC58F969FB7AF966" authority=", MNRJ" authorityName="MNRJ" box="[938,1221,1679,1703]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="190" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCAFFD0FC58F969FBCAF966" box="[938,1141,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">Corydoras arcuatus</emphasis>
, MNRJ
</taxonomicName>
51069, 47.8 mm SL, showing the continuous stripe on region posterior to eye. Photo A. by Nemo Martin, and B. by Bruno Ferreira. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCAFFD1FF35F8FBFDA6FD45" blockId="6.[151,1437,1821,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,150,645]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="191" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">
Dorsal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to second or third dorsolateral body plate. Dorsal-fin rays II,7 (1), II,8* (19), I,9 (4), posterior margin of dorsal-fin spine with 18 to 19 poorly to moderately-developed laminar serrations; most serrations directed towards origin of spine; some serrations variably perpendicularly directed; serrations absent close to origin of spine; small odontodes on anterior and lateral surfaces of spine (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCAFFD0FB9FF86FFB79F864" box="[1133,1222,1929,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,512,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-142@8.[151,1436,489,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the dorsal-fin spine (A) and dorsal view of the left pectoral-fin spine (B) (mirrored) in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 mm SL. Black arrows indicate serrations that are perpendicularly directed or directed towards tip of spine. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620766/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="190">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
). Nuchal plate well developed, almost entirely exposed, with minute odontodes. Spinelet short, spine moderately developed, adpressed distal tip slightly surpassing posterior origin of dorsal-fin base, and anterior margin with small odontodes. Pectoral fin roughly triangular, its origin just posterior to gill opening. Pectoral-fin rays I,6*(1), I,7 (2), I,8 (4), I,9 (15), I,9,i (1), posterior margin of pectoral spine with 24 to 28 poorly- to moderately-developed laminar serrations along almost its entire length, absent close to origin of spine; most serrations directed towards pectoral-fin origin; some serrations perpendicularly directed or directed towards tip of spine; small odontodes on anterior, dorsal and ventral surfaces of spine (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFCBFFD1FE94FEC1FE00FE81" box="[358,447,294,321]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" captionTargetBox="[151,1415,512,1841]" captionTargetId="figure-142@8.[151,1436,489,1856]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Lateral view of the dorsal-fin spine (A) and dorsal view of the left pectoral-fin spine (B) (mirrored) in a CS paratype of Corydoras bethanae, ZUFMS 6470, 56.9 mm SL. Black arrows indicate serrations that are perpendicularly directed or directed towards tip of spine. Scale bar: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620766/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
). Anteroventral portion of cleithrum exposed; posterolateral portion of scapulocoracoid moderately developed, exposed, with anterior portion strongly expanded anteriorly, almost reaching to or contacting anteroventral portion of cleithrum; exposed areas bearing small odontodes; Opening of axillary gland
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCBFFD1FAEAFE89FAE9FE48" box="[1304,1366,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFCBFFD1FAACFE89FE9FFE6E" author="Kiehl, E. &amp; Rieger, C. &amp; Greven, H." pageId="7" pageNumber="191" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref9326" refString="Kiehl, E., Rieger, C. &amp; Greven, H. (2006) Axillary gland secretions contribute to the stress-induced discharge of a bactericidal substance in Corydoras sterbai (Callichthyidae, Siluriformes). Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft f ʾ r Ichthyologie, 6, 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="2006">
Kiehl
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCBFFD1FF65FE75FF70FE6D" box="[151,207,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
located just posterior to pectoral-fin spine base. Pelvic fin oblong, located just below first ventrolateral body plate, and at vertical through region between first and second branched dorsal-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5* (24). Adipose fin roughly triangular, separated from base of last dorsal-fin ray by generally six dorsolateral body plates. Anal fin subtriangular, located just posterior to 12
<superScript id="7C106575FFCBFFD1FD4DFE18FD73FDCC" attach="left" box="[703,716,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">th</superScript>
or 13
<superScript id="7C106575FFCBFFD1FCF9FE18FCA7FDCC" attach="left" box="[779,792,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">th</superScript>
ventrolateral body plates, and at vertical through adiposefin spine base. Anal-fin rays ii,6* (22). Caudal fin bilobed, with dorsal lobe slightly larger than ventral lobe; lobes with similar size in some specimens. Caudal-fin rays i,10,i (1), i,11,i (2), i,12,i* (20), i,13,i (1), generally five or six dorsal and ventral procurrent rays.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFCBFFD1FF65F90CFCA5F889" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620764/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" startId="7.[151,250,1770,1794]" targetBox="[151,1436,669,1747]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCBFFD1FF65F90CFCA5F889" blockId="7.[151,1436,1770,1866]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCBFFD1FF65F90CFEABF8C2" bold="true" box="[151,276,1770,1794]" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Lateral view of the right side of the head in a CS paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFCBFFD1FC6EF90CFB71F8C2" authority=", ZUFMS" authorityName="ZUFMS" box="[924,1230,1770,1794]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="191" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFCBFFD1FC6EF90CFBD2F8C2" box="[924,1133,1770,1794]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
, ZUFMS
</taxonomicName>
6470, 56.9 SL. cpt, compound pterotic; f, frontal; io1, infraorbital 1; io2, infraorbital 2; iop, interopercle; op, opercle; pop, preopercle; prh, posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula; sph, sphenotic. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFCBFFDEFF35F89EFED2FEA5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1912,2011]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="192" pageId="7" pageNumber="191">Three laterosensory canals on trunk. First ossicle tubular, second ossicle laminar, and third lateral-line canal encased in third dorsolateral body plate. Body plates with minute odontodes scattered over exposed area, conspicuous line of odontodes confined on posterior margins. Dorsolateral body plates 24* (22), 25 (2). Ventrolateral body plates 21 (10), 22* (13), 23 (1). Dorsolateral body plates along dorsal-fin base 6 (2), 7* (22). Dorsolateral body plates between adipose- and caudal-fin 7 (3), 8* (18), 9 (1). Preadipose platelets 4* (3). Small platelets covering base of caudal-fin rays. Small platelets disposed dorsally and ventrally between junctions of lateral plates on posterior portion of caudal peduncle. Anterior margin of orbit, above posterior portion of lateral ethmoid, variably with small, irregular platelets bearing odontodes. Ventral surface of trunk densely covered by small irregular platelets bearing odontodes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC4FFDEFF35FE89FE28FE11" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="8" pageNumber="192">Vertebral count 22 (2). Ribs 7 (1), 8 (1); first pair conspicuously large, its middle portion closely connected to first ventrolateral body plate; its tip connected to anterior external process of basipterygium. Complex vertebra moderately developed.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC4FFDEFF65F8B9FDCEF87F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620766/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="192" startId="8.[151,250,1887,1911]" targetBox="[151,1415,512,1841]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC4FFDEFF65F8B9FDCEF87F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1887,1983]" pageId="8" pageNumber="192">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC4FFDEFF65F8B9FEACF8B7" bold="true" box="[151,275,1887,1911]" pageId="8" pageNumber="192">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Lateral view of the dorsal-fin spine (A) and dorsal view of the left pectoral-fin spine (B) (mirrored) in a CS paratype of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC4FFDEFF17F865FDA9F85B" authority=", ZUFMS" authorityName="ZUFMS" box="[229,534,1923,1947]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC4FFDEFF17F865FE0AF85B" box="[229,437,1923,1947]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="192">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
, ZUFMS
</taxonomicName>
6470, 56.9 mm SL. Black arrows indicate serrations that are perpendicularly directed or directed towards tip of spine. Scale bar: 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC5FFDFFF65F9D3FEFCF956" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620768/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="193" startId="9.[151,250,1589,1613]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1566]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC5FFDFFF65F9D3FEFCF956" blockId="9.[151,1436,1589,1686]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC5FFDFFF65F9D3FEADF98E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1589,1614]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Live coloration of paratypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC5FFDFFDA5F9D0FCC1F98D" authority=", BMNH" authorityName="BMNH" box="[599,894,1590,1614]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC5FFDFFDA5F9D0FC99F98E" box="[599,806,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
, BMNH
</taxonomicName>
2017.5.25.1-21, showing A. female, and B. male. Fin coloration affected by background colors. Arrows indicate gap in arc-stripe around the suture between neurocranium. Photos by Steven Grant.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC5FFDFFF35F922FE82F833" blockId="9.[151,1437,1732,2035]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC5FFDFFF35F922FE2EF91E" bold="true" box="[199,401,1732,1758]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">Color in alcohol.</emphasis>
Overall color light whitish, grey, light beige, or tan, with area above dark arched line and mask being slightly darker, sometimes orange-brown; melanophores along, above and below the midline of the lateral scutes, being darker and larger in some specimens; snout area anterior to dark eye mask and opercular region dark grey or diffuse black. Eye mask and body stripe (as set out in diagnosis) black; basal portion of six outermost segmented rays of ventral lobe of caudal fin black, and innermost procurrent ray of same lobe black or dark grey, forming extension of body stripe; some specimens with one dark or black pigmented transverse, diffuse, vertical band in caudal fin. Pale area on middle portion of dorsolateral surface of cleithrum corresponds with axillary gland
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC5FFDFFF65F851FF6AF810" box="[151,213,1975,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC5FFDFFF2FF850FE10F811" author="Kiehl, E. &amp; Rieger, C. &amp; Greven, H." box="[221,431,1974,2001]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193" pagination="111 - 115" refId="ref9326" refString="Kiehl, E., Rieger, C. &amp; Greven, H. (2006) Axillary gland secretions contribute to the stress-induced discharge of a bactericidal substance in Corydoras sterbai (Callichthyidae, Siluriformes). Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft f ʾ r Ichthyologie, 6, 111 - 115." type="journal article" year="2006">
Kiehl
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC5FFDFFED1F851FEE2F810" box="[291,349,1974,2000]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="193">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
underneath;
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC5FFDFFDB1F850FD1AF810" box="[579,677,1974,2000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="193" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
similarly colored area on the ventral margin of the base of the adipose-fin spine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC6FFDCFF35FF70FAB0FE6D" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF35FF70FEE2FF70" bold="true" box="[199,349,150,176]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Color in life.</emphasis>
See
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFE66FF71FE4FFF71" box="[404,496,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[272,1316,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Corydoras bethanae, holotype alive, MUSM 69403, female, 51.2 mm SL, Peru, Department of Loreto, río Blanco. B. Corydoras arcuatus unpreserved aquarium specimen. C. Corydoras granti unpreserved aquarium specimen from Peru, río Tapiche. Photos A and C by Steven Grant, B by Hans-Georg Evers." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620760/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
, and
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFDDEFF71FD85FF71" box="[556,570,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-27@9.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Live coloration of paratypes of Corydoras bethanae, BMNH 2017.5.25.1-21, showing A. female, and B. male. Fin coloration affected by background colors. Arrows indicate gap in arc-stripe around the suture between neurocranium. Photos by Steven Grant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620768/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">6</figureCitation>
of the
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC6FFDCFD7BFF71FD54FF71" box="[649,747,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and two
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC6FFDCFCA1FF71FC7EFF71" box="[851,961,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, respectively, whilst alive for color in life. Overall color same as in alcohol; third dorsolateral body scute usually whitish; green or gold to copper hue on lateral scutes above and below midline, opercular area, cleithrum, and underneath and behind the eye; snout area anterior to dark eye mask is usually light grey. Eye mask, body, and caudal fins dark markings as per preserved specimens. Whitish narrow transversal area from ventral half of fourth dorsolateral body plate, passing through dorsal half of first ventrolateral body plate, and reaching to posterolateral margin of cleithrum. Other fin membranes and rays hyaline, with some of the dorsal and adipose fin membranes with whitish chromatophores (colors in
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFB02FE89FA8FFE49" box="[1264,1328,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1589,1613]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetId="figure-27@9.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. Live coloration of paratypes of Corydoras bethanae, BMNH 2017.5.25.1-21, showing A. female, and B. male. Fin coloration affected by background colors. Arrows indicate gap in arc-stripe around the suture between neurocranium. Photos by Steven Grant." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620768/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
are background colors). Color of fry can be determined from the spawning in the account by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFBB8FE75FAB4FE6D" author="Petersson, M." box="[1098,1291,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="6 - 7" refId="ref9771" refString="Petersson, M. (2020) Breeding Corydoras CW 006 (Callichthyidae). Journal of the Catfish Study Group, 21 (4), 6 - 7." type="journal article" year="2020">Petersson (2020)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC6FFDCFF35FE50FB02FDD9" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF35FE50FE04FE10" bold="true" box="[199,443,438,464]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
In addition to a tubular genital papilla (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFC3BFE51FB00FE11" author="Spadella, M. A. &amp; Desan, S. P. &amp; Henriques, T. C. B. P. O. &amp; Oliveira, C." box="[969,1215,439,465]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="160039" refId="ref10331" refString="Spadella, M. A., Desan, S. P., Henriques, T. C. B. P. O. &amp; Oliveira, C. (2017) Variation in male reproductive system characters in Corydoradinae (Loricarioidei: Callichthyidae) reflects the occurrence of different lineages in this subfamily. Neotropical Ichthyology, 15, e 160039. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1982 - 0224 - 20160039" type="journal article" year="2017">
Spadella
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFBC7FE51FBCEFE11" box="[1077,1137,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
), males have more pointed and elongated pelvic fins; the dark arched body stripe can appear proportionately wider; and tend to have the lateral scutes with darker and larger markings along, above and below the midline of flank.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFC6FFDCFF35FDC4FBA8FD45" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC6FFDCFF35FDC4FBA8FD45" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF35FDC4FDBBFDFC" bold="true" box="[199,516,546,572]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Geographical distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFDF9FDC5FD4FFDFD" box="[523,752,547,573]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFDF9FDC5FD4FFDFD" box="[523,752,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<materialsCitation id="3B0DC260FFC6FFDCFD04FDC5FBACFD45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3080360306" country="Peru" county="Requena Province" location="rio Blanco" municipality="Soplin District" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ucayali">
is so far only known from the
<location id="8EBA9EE6FFC6FFDCFBB4FDC5FB04FDFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CC792BFFCDFFDAFF65F999FEADFE35:8EBA9EE6FFC6FFDCFBB4FDC5FB04FDFD" box="[1094,1211,547,573]" country="Peru" county="Requena Province" municipality="Soplin District" name="rio Blanco" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" stateProvince="Ucayali">río Blanco</location>
system (
<collectingRegion id="49A106DFFFC6FFDCFAECFDC5FA23FDFD" box="[1310,1436,547,573]" country="Peru" name="Ucayali" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">río Ucayali</collectingRegion>
basin),
<collectingMunicipality id="6BBE5247FFC6FFDCFF1BFDA1FE30FDA1" box="[233,399,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Soplin District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="62BBB0B1FFC6FFDCFE68FDA1FDD7FDA1" box="[410,616,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Requena Province</collectingCounty>
, Department of
<collectingRegion id="49A106DFFFC6FFDCFCE9FDA1FCD6FDA1" box="[795,873,583,609]" country="Peru" name="Loreto" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Loreto</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37288ADFFC6FFDCFC81FDA1FC19FDA1" box="[883,934,583,609]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Peru</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFC47FDA1FC46FDA1" box="[949,1017,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1985,2009]" captionTargetBox="[159,1427,1144,1951]" captionTargetId="figure-508@10.[151,1436,1137,1961]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Map of the upper rio Ucayali basin and adjoining areas (red star denotes type-locality)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620770" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620770/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). Based on the findings of
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFAD1FDA1FEB9FD45" author="Corahua, I. &amp; Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H." pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="420 - 435" refId="ref8837" refString="Corahua, I., Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H. (2015) Peces / Fish. In: Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Rivera Chavez, L., Wachter, T., Alvira Reyes, D., del Campo, A., Gagliardi-Urrutia, G., Rivera Gonzalez, D., Trevejo, L., Rivera Gonzalez, D. &amp; Heilpern, S. (Eds.), Peru: Tapiche-Blanco. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 27. Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 109 - 117 + 290 - 297 + 420 - 435." type="book chapter" year="2015">
Corahua
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFA7AFDA1FF12FD45" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
it is likely that it is found in the streams that drain into the main river
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFC6FFDAFF35FD69FC5CFE6D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC6FFDCFF35FD69FD66FB99" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF35FD69FE72FD69" bold="true" box="[199,461,654,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Natural history notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFE27FD69FD03FD69" box="[469,700,655,681]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFE27FD69FD03FD69" box="[469,700,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be found in blackwater streams that drain into the predominantly whitewater río Blanco (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFE0AFD55FDEBFD0D" box="[504,596,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,189,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-27@11.[158,1430,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photos of the habitat of Corydoras bethanae, new species, showing A. its type-locality, the río Blanco, and B. the confluence of río Blanco (left) with río Tapiche, both in Peru. Photo A by Mark Breeze, and B by Tom Christoffersen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620772/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
), although the
<collectingCountry id="F37288ADFFC6FFDCFCF1FD55FC94FD0D" box="[771,811,691,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">UK</collectingCountry>
aquarist Mark Breeze (pers. comm.) states that in the dry season he found small clearwater tributary streams near the confluence with the río Tapiche (
<figureCitation id="135ED4B8FFC6FFDCFB1BFD31FAFDFD31" box="[1257,1346,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1701,1725]" captionTargetBox="[158,1430,189,1676]" captionTargetId="figure-27@11.[158,1430,181,1676]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Photos of the habitat of Corydoras bethanae, new species, showing A. its type-locality, the río Blanco, and B. the confluence of río Blanco (left) with río Tapiche, both in Peru. Photo A by Mark Breeze, and B by Tom Christoffersen." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620772/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
). Those streams had a sand substrate with hardly any leaf litter and just overhanging terrestrial plants.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFB5CFD1DFA23FCD5" author="Corahua, I. &amp; Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H." box="[1198,1436,762,789]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="420 - 435" refId="ref8837" refString="Corahua, I., Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H. (2015) Peces / Fish. In: Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Rivera Chavez, L., Wachter, T., Alvira Reyes, D., del Campo, A., Gagliardi-Urrutia, G., Rivera Gonzalez, D., Trevejo, L., Rivera Gonzalez, D. &amp; Heilpern, S. (Eds.), Peru: Tapiche-Blanco. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 27. Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 109 - 117 + 290 - 297 + 420 - 435." type="book chapter" year="2015">
Corahua
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFAE1FD1DFAFBFCD5" box="[1299,1348,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
found several
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFEC7FCF9FE12FCF9" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[309,429,799,825]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFEC7FCF9FE12FCF9" box="[309,429,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in shallow, lotic blackwater streams or flooded forests that flowed into the middle reaches of the río Blanco, that were low in pH (5.4–5.5), electrical conductivity (4.8–8.9 μs/cm), temperature of 25 degrees Centigrade, with abundant organic detritus, and white sand. A site in the lower region, closer to the
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC6FFDCFA9EFC81FA23FC41" box="[1388,1436,871,897]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFEE3FC6DFE48FC65" box="[273,503,907,933]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFEE3FC6DFE48FC65" box="[273,503,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, was the same except it was lentic, the pH ranged from 4.1 – 5.6, and the electrical conductivity was 29.5–41.0 μs/cm.
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFDD7FC49FD58FC08" authorityName="Tencatt, Lima &amp; Britto" authorityYear="2019" box="[549,743,943,969]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="granti">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFDD7FC49FD58FC08" box="[549,743,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras granti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found by Corhua
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFC17FC49FBA9FC09" box="[997,1046,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
. (2015) in this location (misidentified as
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFF15FC35FE79FC2C" box="[231,454,979,1005]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arcuatus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF15FC35FE79FC2C" box="[231,454,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras arcuatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); another species with an arched dark body band.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFC01FC35FB5EFC2D" author="Corahua, I. &amp; Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H." box="[1011,1249,978,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="420 - 435" refId="ref8837" refString="Corahua, I., Aldea-Guevara, M. I. &amp; Hidalgo, M. H. (2015) Peces / Fish. In: Pitman, N., Vriesendorp, C., Rivera Chavez, L., Wachter, T., Alvira Reyes, D., del Campo, A., Gagliardi-Urrutia, G., Rivera Gonzalez, D., Trevejo, L., Rivera Gonzalez, D. &amp; Heilpern, S. (Eds.), Peru: Tapiche-Blanco. Rapid Biological and Social Inventories Report 27. Field Museum, Chicago, pp. 109 - 117 + 290 - 297 + 420 - 435." type="book chapter" year="2015">
Corahua
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFBABFC35FB36FC2D" box="[1113,1161,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">et al</emphasis>
. (2015)
</bibRefCitation>
list at least eight species from the río Blanco, and in addition to those, information from fish collectors indicates that the following
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFF65FBFDFEB0FBF5" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[151,271,1051,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF65FBFDFEB0FBF5" box="[151,271,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can also be found in the río Blanco system:
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFCF0FBFDFB37FBF5" authority="Burgess, 1997" authorityName="Burgess" authorityYear="1997" box="[770,1160,1051,1077]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coriatae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFCF0FBFDFC62FBF4" box="[770,989,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras coriatae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC6FFDCFC17FBFDFB37FBF5" author="Burgess, W. E." box="[997,1160,1051,1077]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" pagination="138 - 147" refId="ref8763" refString="Burgess, W. E. (1997) Corydoras coriatae, a new species of callichthyid catfish related to Corydoras fowleri. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 45, 138 - 147." type="journal article" year="1997">Burgess, 1997</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, C138 (which is superficially similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC6FFDCFEBCFBD9FD8BFB99" box="[334,564,1087,1113]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFEBCFBD9FD8BFB99" box="[334,564,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and CW073.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC6FFDCFF65F827FB34F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620770" box="[151,1163,1985,2009]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620770/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="194" startId="10.[151,250,1985,2009]" targetBox="[159,1427,1144,1951]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC6FFDCFF65F827FB34F819" blockId="10.[151,1163,1985,2009]" box="[151,1163,1985,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC6FFDCFF65F827FEACF819" bold="true" box="[151,275,1985,2009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="194">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Map of the upper rio Ucayali basin and adjoining areas (red star denotes type-locality).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF1A98B5FFC7FFDDFF65F943FAFEF921" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4620772" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4620772" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4620772/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" startId="11.[151,250,1701,1725]" targetBox="[158,1430,189,1676]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC7FFDDFF65F943FAFEF921" blockId="11.[151,1436,1701,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC7FFDDFF65F943FEACF97D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1701,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Photos of the habitat of
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC7FFDDFDFDF943FD60F97D" authority="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt, 2021" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[527,735,1701,1725]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC7FFDDFDFDF943FD60F97D" box="[527,735,1701,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A222A954FFC7FFDDFD19F940FCD7F97D" box="[747,872,1701,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, showing A. its type-locality, the río Blanco, and B. the confluence of río Blanco (left) with río Tapiche, both in Peru. Photo A by Mark Breeze, and B by Tom Christoffersen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC7FFDAFF35F8F6FAF5FEA5" blockId="11.[151,1436,1807,2014]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,501]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC7FFDDFF35F8F6FEE7F8EA" author="Grant, S." box="[199,344,1808,1834]" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" pagination="27 - 29" refId="ref9156" refString="Grant, S. (2020) Hovering behaviour in Corydoras CW 006. Journal of the Catfish Study Group, 21 (1), 27 - 29." type="journal article" year="2020">Grant (2020)</bibRefCitation>
discussed curious behavior exhibited by
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC7FFDDFCEDF8E9FBBBF8E9" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[799,1028,1807,1833]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC7FFDDFCEDF8E9FBBBF8E9" box="[799,1028,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">Corydoras bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when in the aquarium. All corydoradins appear to be able to maintain their position in the water column, above the substrate, by using a combination of body movement and fin movement. They usually to do this when maneuvering while performing definite activities e.g., avoiding another fish or predator, feeding, spawning etc. In the aquarium
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC7FFDDFBFEF89AFB2BF855" authorityName="Bentley &amp; Grant &amp; Tencatt" authorityYear="2021" box="[1036,1172,1915,1942]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bethanae">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC7FFDDFBFEF89AFB2BF855" box="[1036,1172,1915,1942]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">C. bethanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tend to hover regularly and for long periods of time, apparently not related to any particular activity; a behavior that has not been reported for other lineage 8
<taxonomicName id="4C65B3BEFFC7FFDDFE99F825FE5CF81D" authorityName="Lacepede" authorityYear="1803" box="[363,483,1987,2013]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Callichthyidae" genus="Corydoras" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="195" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC7FFDDFE99F825FE5CF81D" box="[363,483,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="195">Corydoras</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The pale transversal bar from fourth dorsolateral body plate to posterolateral margin of cleithrum corresponds with a large ligament attached dorsally to the transverse process of dorsal pterygiophore and ventrally to the posterior laminar expansion of the first rib, which itself is connected to the anterior external process of basipterygium. Such condition may have some effect on the ability to hover in the water column, especially by offering a strong support to pelvic fins, which along with pectoral fins seem to be the main fins responsible for keeping them lifting above the substrate. Videos of the
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC0FFDAFCF7FEC1FCD8FE81" box="[773,871,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and some BMNH
<typeStatus id="54DE769FFFC0FFDAFBCFFEC1FB17FE81" box="[1085,1192,295,321]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
hovering can be seen at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hcg45PlwHjs and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6p1hUdls54
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC0FFDAFF35FE89FC5CFE6D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196">
There is a single record of successful spawning of this species, in which the water parameters were pH 6, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 82ppm, and temperature 22.4°C (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF4B5CCFFC0FFDAFCEDFE75FC68FE6D" author="Petersson, M." box="[799,983,403,429]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196" pagination="6 - 7" refId="ref9771" refString="Petersson, M. (2020) Breeding Corydoras CW 006 (Callichthyidae). Journal of the Catfish Study Group, 21 (4), 6 - 7." type="journal article" year="2020">Petersson, 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37F9BB6FFC0FFDAFF35FE51FEADFE35" pageId="12" pageNumber="196" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDAC83DFFC0FFDAFF35FE51FEADFE35" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196">
<emphasis id="B911142FFFC0FFDAFF35FE51FEF1FE11" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="196">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honor of Bethan Grant, daughter of SG, who, like her brother, has battled health issues all her life.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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